N N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o IN o u u n n d d a Safety and New Uses a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F Bernard GUICHET F T T 24/05/2005 Every year, more than 1000 new roundabouts in FRANCE N N a a t t i i o o n Evolution 1993 - 2004 n a a l l

R R o 30000 o u u n n d d a 25000 a b b o o u u t t

C 20000 C o o n n f f e 15000 e r r e e n n c c e 10000 e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5000 5

D D R R Number of roundabouts in France Number of roundabouts A 0 A F F T 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 T Natiionall Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT More roundabouts, but less accidents per roundabout N N a a t t i i o Evolution 1993 - 2003 o n n a a l l

30000 2000 R R o o u 1800 u n n d d

25000 a a b

1600 b o o u u t t

1400

C 20000 C o o n 1200 n f f e e r r e 15000 1000 e n n c c e e

800 2 2 0 10000 0 0 0

600 5 5

Roundabouts D D R 400 R A 5000 Accidents A F F T 200 T

0 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 From 1993 to 2003, in France, N N a - total number of accidents fell by 36% a t t i i o o n n a - number of traffic accidents per roundabout fell by 58% a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T FATAL ACCIDENTS N N a a t t i i o Number of dead persons in roundabout o n n a a l l

R 100 R o o u u n n d d

2,7 dead persons a a b 80 b o per cent accidents o u u t t

C C o o n

60 n f f e e r r e e n n c 40 c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

20 D D R R A A F F T 0 T 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS N N a a t t i

200 i o o n n a a l Year 2003 l

R R o 112 pedestrians o u 150 u n n d for 1406 accidentsd a a b b o o u u t t

C 100 C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c 50 Year 2003 c e e

2 2 0 2 killed pedestrians0 0 0 5 5

for 1406 accidents D 0 D R 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 R A A F F T T Roundabouts and elderly drivers N N a a

Part of elderly drivers in accidents t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d

age Roundabouts Other intersections d a a b b o o u 66-75 years 5,46% 7,74% u t t

C C o o n > 75 eyars 4,14% 5,71% n f f e e r r e e n For a total of drivers 1209 14337 n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T Ref. 1999-2003 – Bretagne + Pays de la Loire T New guidelines has been published N in 1998 and 1999 N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D in english D R R A A F F T T http://catalogue.setra.equipement.gouv.fr/2_prod/telechargement.shtml N N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T Sales Office http://www.certu.fr Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT New use of roundabouts and studies : N N a a t t

- with i i o o n n a a l l

R - near railway level crossing R o o u u n n d d

- with traffic signals a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T Intersection N N a a t t i i o with tram o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

For 10 years,modern tram

2 2 0 0 0 has made a broad rise 0 5 5

D in large French cities D R R A A F F T T NANTES LineLine 123 west– 1992-19931999-20041 - –19861999 N N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T

Roundabout They are modern roundabouts N N a with yield to the entries a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D Advantages of roundabouts for tramway intersections : D R R A - better safety A F F T - possibility of U-turn T - easier management of traffic lights ¶When a tram arrive, N N a a t t i traffic is stopped by red lights i o o n n a a l and priority is given to the tram l

R R o o u u n n d d a Flashing red signal are used a b b o o u on the ring to stop cars u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

This specific signal D D R R A is used for A F F T T Natiionall Roundabout Conference 2005 DRAFT 4 detections order the signals N N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

LD R RAZa R o RAZb o u

CD u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0

LD : (80 - 140m) = red for cars and “green” for tram 0 0 0 5 CD : (5 - 10m) = confirmation and safety 5

D D R RAZa : (5m after) = red for tram R A A F F T RAZb : (after roundabout) = black for car T N Roundabouts close to railway level crossing N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

More and more of roundabouts, 2 2 0 0 0 0 5 therefore more often close to level crossings 5

D D R R A A F F T T N The French National Railway Company is anxious N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u Directory and Railway Company u t t

C C o manage a working group o n n f f e e r to plan a guideline with solutions r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

Two various problems are studied … D D R R A A F F T T First problem: the queue of the level crossing goes up in the roundabout N N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A

Not a safety problem = less important A F F T In a short time, roundabout is cleared T Second problem: the queue of the roundabout N goes up on the level crossing N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T A can arrive at 160 km/h = risk of fatal accident Solutions are either preventive, or curative, N static or dynamic N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u

Various complementary signals n n d d a a b are tested to avoid the stop on railways b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T A slip road can give a possibility of release N N a to vehicles stopped on the rails a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T Other curatives solutions used traffic signal N N a At entry of roundabout a t t i i o o n n a Or in the ring of (large) roundabout a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T We propose a formula to calculate N the time of release of the level crossing N a a t t i i o o n n a a l

t(s)=7 + pi*(Rg-La/2)/20 + dPN/4,05 + lPN/2,78 l

R R o o u u n n d To validate the various parameters, d a a b b o o u the reaction times were timed on a lot of roundabouts u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A A F F T T A other subject of research : N roundabouts with permanent traffic signals N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R R o o u u n n d d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 0 0 0 5 5

D D R R A AdvantagesAdvantages comparedcomparedwithwith roundaboutstraffic signals : : A F F T -Guidelinesafety- general for forpedestrians safety area of utilization, with 2 or 3design, T - better- U-turn capacityplanning, and thanimportant road limits signs left for … turnroundabouts - queue- reduction management speed N N a a t t i i o o n n a a l l

R ROUNDABOUTS IN FRANCE R o o u u n n d Safety and New Uses d a a b b o o u u t t

C C o o n n f f e e r r e e n n c c e e

2 2 0 Bernard GUICHET 0 0 0 5 5

D D R

[email protected] R A A F F T T