Peru Itinerary
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TERRITORIAL and MARITIME DISPUTE (NICARAGUA V. COLOMBIA)
INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE REPORTS OF JUDGMENTS, ADVISORY OPINIONS AND ORDERS TERRITORIAL AND MARITIME DISPUTE (NICARAGUA v. COLOMBIA) JUDGMENT OF 19 NOVEMBER 2012 2012 COUR INTERNATIONALE DE JUSTICE RECUEIL DES ARRÊTS, AVIS CONSULTATIFS ET ORDONNANCES DIFFÉREND TERRITORIAL ET MARITIME (NICARAGUA c. COLOMBIE) ARRÊT DU 19 NOVEMBRE 2012 6 CIJ1034.indb 1 7/01/14 12:43 Official citation : Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2012, p. 624 Mode officiel de citation : Différend territorial et maritime (Nicaragua c. Colombie), arrêt, C.I.J. Recueil 2012, p. 624 Sales number ISSN 0074-4441 No de vente: 1034 ISBN 978-92-1-071148-7 6 CIJ1034.indb 2 7/01/14 12:43 19 NOVEMBER 2012 JUDGMENT TERRITORIAL AND MARITIME DISPUTE (NICARAGUA v. COLOMBIA) DIFFÉREND TERRITORIAL ET MARITIME (NICARAGUA c. COLOMBIE) 19 NOVEMBRE 2012 ARRÊT 6 CIJ1034.indb 3 7/01/14 12:43 624 TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraphs Chronology of the Procedure 1-17 I. Geography 18-24 II. Sovereignty 25-103 1. Whether the maritime features in dispute are capable of appropriation 25-38 2. Sovereignty over the maritime features in dispute 39-102 A. The 1928 Treaty 40-56 B. Uti possidetis juris 57-65 C. Effectivités 66-84 (a) Critical date 67-71 (b) Consideration of effectivités 72-84 D. Alleged recognition by Nicaragua 85-90 E. Position taken by third States 91-95 F. Evidentiary value of maps 96-102 3. Conclusion as to sovereignty over the islands 103 III. Admissibility of Nicaragua’s Claim for Delimitation of a Continental Shelf Extending beyond 200 Nautical Miles 104-112 IV. -
Transportation to and from Costa Rica
Transportation to and from Costa Rica The border crossing between Costa Rica and Nicaragua can be extremely busy and frenetic/hectic. There are lots of Nicaraguan people commuting back and forth for work and it’s even crazier during the high tourist season (to say nothing of the December 7th-January 9th Holiday Season). If you do it on your own (especially not knowing the ins and outs) – all this can take hours to say nothing of the frustration and more. Add that to all the chaos - people offering to convert your money (at a much lower rate of exchange and not always giving you the correct change back [FYI – U.S. dollars are accepted in Nicaragua but bring lots of small bills – like $1’s, $5’s and $10s and you will almost always get change back in Nicaraguan Córdobas), beggars, all the refugees trying to permeate the border heading towards the U.S. to live the “American Dream” (they’re now part of the new beggars), people offering to “hold your bags” while you fill out your paperwork or “help you with your bags” on the Nicaragua side when you take them out of the bus to go through Customs). You have the people offering to “assist you” (by giving you forms and then getting nasty if you don’t give them a nice tip when it’s something you could have done on your own if you only knew what was next/you were doing), and thieves in general that tend to engulf you as you’re getting ready to do something “official” (like when you need to be showing your passport so you’re more focused on the Immigration official then what’s going on around you). -
Commission Implementing Regulation (Eu)
L 334/2 EN Offi cial Jour nal of the European Union 13.10.2020 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2020/1470 of 12 October 2020 on the nomenclature of countries and territories for the European statistics on international trade in goods and on the geographical breakdown for other business statistics (Text with EEA relevance) THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Having regard to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Having regard to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council (1), and in particular point (d) of Article 7(1) thereof, Whereas: (1) For the detailed topics listed in Annex I to Regulation (EU) 2019/2152, Member States shall compile data relevant to each detailed topic. The Commission should further specify the classifications (including the product, countries and territories as well as nature of transaction lists) and breakdowns. (2) The alphabetical coding of countries and territories should be based on the current version of standard ISO 3166 alpha 2, insofar as that standard is compatible with the requirements of Union legislation and the Union’s statistical requirements. (3) The geographical breakdown of European business statistics other than European statistics on international trade in goods may be less detailed and contain small differences from the nomenclature of countries and territories for the European statistics on international trade in goods. (4) As Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 repeals Regulation (EC) No 471/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council (2), this Regulation should replace Commission Regulation (EU) No 1106/2012 (3). (5) The measures provided for in this Regulation are in accordance with the opinion of the European Statistical System Committee, HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: Article 1 The nomenclature of countries and territories for the European statistics on international trade in goods that shall be valid as from 1 January 2021 is set out in Annex I. -
Political and Judicial Strategies for the Care of Marine and Coastal Ecosystems. the Case of the Creole People in San Andrés
Miguel Ángel Núñez Riaño Political and judicial strategies for the care of marine and coastal ecosystems The case of Creole People in San Andrés Island, Colombia. Master’s thesis in Global Environmental History 1 Black woman’s keen sight. Street Art in San Andrés Island. Photo taken by the author in february 2016. 2 Abstract Núñez Riaño, Miguel A. 2016. Political and judicial strategies for the care of maritime and coastal ecosystems: The case of Creole People in San Andrés Island, Colombia. Uppsala, Dept. of Ar- chaeology and Ancient History This thesis illustrates how native populations exert a crucial ecological role through deliberate strategies in order to conserve and preserve marine and coastal ecosystems. The investigation iden- tifies political and judicial practices of the Creole people that have contributed to care of ecosys- tems placed in the Caribbean Archipelago of San Andrés. To this regard, this study considers how the agency of Creole people has influenced the environmental structuring of islands and seas dur- ing 20th and 21st centuries. The result is an improved comprehension, through critical analysis of cultural and judicial discourses, of the current ecological state of the Archipelago. Keywords: Archipelago of San Andrés Old Providence and Santa Catalina, caring principle (con- servation, preservation and recovering), coastal and marine ecosystems, Creole people, environ- mental governmentality. Master’s thesis in Global Environmental History (60 credits), supervisor: Anneli Ekblom, Defended and approved spring term 2016-06-12 © Miguel Ángel Núñez Riaño Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Box 626, 75126 Uppsala, Sweden 3 Acknowledgements To the people from the Archipelago of San Andrés, specially to Corpus Sanzo family. -
The Development and Improvement of Instructions
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Texas A&M Repository “WE ARE EVEN POORER, BUT THERE IS MORE WORK” AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ECOTOURISM IN NICARAGUA A Dissertation by CARTER ALLAN HUNT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2009 Major Subject: Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences “WE ARE EVEN POORER, BUT THERE IS MORE WORK” AN ETHNOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ECOTOURISM IN NICARAGUA A Dissertation by CARTER ALLAN HUNT Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Amanda Stronza Committee Members, Cynthia Werner C. Scott Shafer Thomas Lacher Head of Department, Gary Ellis August 2009 Major Subject: Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences iii ABSTRACT “We Are Even Poorer, But There Is More Work” An Ethnographic Analysis of Ecotourism in Nicaragua. (August 2009) Carter Allan Hunt, B.A. University of Kentucky; M.S., Texas A&M University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Amanda Stronza This research examines ecotourism outcomes in the context of large-scale tourism development in Nicaragua and focuses on Morgan’s Rock Hacienda and Ecolodge. Since ecotourism involves the imposition of Western constructs of nature, biodiversity, communities and conservation, our attempts to evaluate or certify ecotourism are likewise derived from these constructs. Failing to recognize the context where ecotourism occurs may lead to evaluations that place excessive emphasis on poor performance while overlooking relative successes. -
GENERAL AGREEMENT on Ïl^If^N TARIFFS and TRADE Limited Distribution
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON ïl^if^n TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution Ori ginal: English GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES Notification by Norway Addendum The following communication has been received from the delegation of Norway. I have the honour to notify you that my Government has decided to include the following countries in the list of beneficiaries under Norway's Generalized System of Preferences, with effect from 1 May 1977: Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Sao Tome and Principe. An up-dated list of beneficiaries under the Norwegian System of Preferences is attached. LA2l*2/Add.7 Page 2 GSP Scheme of Norway List of Beneficiary Countries or Territories Note; An asterisk denotes the twenty-eight least developed countries which are accorded full duty-free treatment for all products. Afars and Issas Brunei Afghanistan* Burma Algeria Burundi* Angola Cameroon Argentina Cape Verde Australian Islands (including Cayman Islands and Dependencies Heard Island, McDonald Islands and Norfolk Island) Central African Empire* Bahamas Chad* Bahrain Chile Bangladesh* Colombia Barbados Comoros Belize Congo Benin* Corn Islands and Swan Islands Bermuda Costa Rica Bhutan* Cuba Bolivia Cyprus Botswana* Dominican Republic Brazil Ecuador British Antarctic Territory Egypt British Indian Ocean Territory (Aldabra., El Salvador Farquhar, Chagos Archipelago, Desroches) Equatorial Guinea British Pacific Ocean (Gilbert Islands, Ethiopia* Tuvalu, British Solomon Islands, New Hebrides Condominium and 1J1 Pitcairn Islands) Falkland Islands and Dependencies -
Investor Guideline 2021
INVESTOR GUIDELINE 2021 1 [email protected] www.pronicaragua.gob.ni Content PRONicaragua: Your Business Facilitator ................................................................................... 5 Discovering Nicaragua .............................................................................................................. 6 A democratic country ........................................................................................................... 7 Among the safest countries in America ................................................................................. 7 A dynamic economy ............................................................................................................. 8 Fiscal outlook ................................................................................................................................................. 8 Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Exports ............................................................................................. 9 Strategic location ................................................................................................................ 11 Quality of life ..................................................................................................................... 11 General healthcare ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Tourist activities .......................................................................................................................................... -
Tourism in Nicaragua
Ana Carolina García Tijerino Marketing and Promotion Director Nicaraguan Tourism Board - INTUR [email protected] San Juan del Sur TOURISM IN NICARAGUA In 2019 we grew 3% more than 2018. Between January and February 2020 we grew 25%, but in the context of the pandemic from January to April there was drop of -17% of tourist visiting the country. TRAINING HUMAN CAPACITY From January to June we had organized 152 digital workshops, training a total amount of 3,440 local businessowners, 1382 men and 2058 women, owners of restaurants, hotels y tourist guides. Practical Guide for tourist service on covid prevention BIOSAFETY PROTOCOLS Accommodation Travel Agencies & Tour Operators Food & Beverage Tourist Guides The main objective of the biosafety protocols is to guide the good implementation of sanitary practices to prevent the COVID-19, which guarantee the safety of tourists, staff and suppliers and contribute to generate trust in our clients. Tourist transportation & rent a car CURRENT SITUATION OF COVID According to the Johns Hopkins University, Nicaragua has a total of 2,846 cases, this represent 4.5 cases for every 10,000 people, in El Salvador 14.6 cases and Honduras 28.7 cases of every 10,000 people. Nicaragua is the second country that has lower rates of infection in Central America after Belize. Information taken on July 14 SAFETY MEASURES ▪ The creation of biosecurity protocols ▪ Disinfection of public spaces ▪ Mobile clinics through the country ▪ 3% of reduction in the electricity rate ▪ Right actions according to international protocols ▪ Budget increase for health ▪ Training of more health workers MEASURES OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Nicaragua airport just reactivated the operations of commercial flights. -
Making Connections September 2008 Nicaragua and Heifer Int'l's WILD
Making Connections September 2008 Nicaragua and Heifer Int’l’s WILD Program “Before, I did not understand things. The men were the breadwinners and said everything. But now the women are a part of the community. We are happy and more active with much more confidence.” “As women, we no longer feel alone… Now we help each other the best we can.” “It’s not just a project for each us. It’s a project for all of us.” Rosa Carmen Medina, Bernadina Maria Salgado, and Felicitas Diaz Lopez Nicaraguan Poultry Farmers and Heifer Project Participants Chickens, Piggies and Cows, Oh My! And Sheep too! Okay, even a cynic like me can’t resist all those cute smiling kids with equally cute animals on Heifer International’s website. (See little Racquel and her hen on our homepage—too adorable!) We’ve tackled some tough subjects in the last few months—mass rape in the Congo, AIDS in Uganda; sexual enslavement of girls in Cambodia. Not that Heifer’s mission to end hunger isn’t equally serious. Remember that hunger is very much related to all those other tragedies and chronic malnutrition causes more deaths of women and children in the world than any other factor. But those kids and animals, and the hope and joy in the stories you’ll “hear” from women like the ones quoted above whose lives have been changed by some chickens or a cow— well, this is going to be the most upbeat meeting that we’ve had in awhile. So play along and enjoy it. -
When Wells Run Dry: Water and Tourism in Nicaragua ⇑ G
Annals of Tourism Research 64 (2017) 37–50 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Tourism Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atoures When wells run dry: Water and tourism in Nicaragua ⇑ G. Thomas LaVanchy Department of Geography & The Environment, University of Denver, 2050 E. Iliff Avenue, Denver, CO 80208, USA article info abstract Article history: This article uses a political ecology approach to examine the relationship between tourism Received 13 March 2016 and groundwater in southwest Nicaragua. Tourism remains a growing industry; however, Revised 24 February 2017 adequate provisions of freshwater are necessary to sustain the production and reproduc- Accepted 28 February 2017 tion of tourism and it remains uncertain if groundwater supplies can keep pace with demand. Integrating the findings of groundwater monitoring, geological mapping, and ethnographic and survey research from a representative stretch of Pacific coastline, this Keywords: paper shows that diminishing recharge and increased groundwater consumption is creat- Water security ing a conflict between stakeholders with various levels of knowledge, power, and access. It Tourism Political ecology concludes that marginalization is attributable to the nexus of a political promotion of tour- Nicaragua ism, poorly enforced state water policies, insufficient water research, and climatic variability. Ó 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction Peering over the ledge into the dimly lit, hand dug well, my eyes slowly adjusted so I could see the thirty centimeters of accumulated water at the bottom of the seven-meter deep well. This amounted to a mere 240 l of freshwater—hardly enough to satisfy the needs of the six houses that depended upon the well. -
Amphibians of the Corn Islands, Caribbean Nicaragua
AMPHIBIANS OF THE CORN ISLANDS, CARIBBEAN NICARAGUA Instituto Oceanografico Universidad de Oriente Cumana. Venezuela A BSTRACT: The following amphibians are known from the Corn Islands, Nicaragua: Bufo valliceps, Hyla loquax, H. phlebodes, H. staufferi staufferi, Agalychnis callidryas and Rana pipiens. One is known only from Little Corn Island: Rana pipiens. A key to the adults is presented. HE only paper dealing with the entire the amphibians insofar as they are known T herpetofauna of Corn Islands is that of to me. The reptiles will be dealt with Barbour and Loveridge (1929), who studied separately and a final paper is intented to the material obtained by James Lee Peters cover the zoogeography and important and Edward Bangs in December 1927 and aspects of the ecology of the islands, January 1928. After Peters and Bangs’ pending the availability of certain data. four visits by members of the University The Corn Islands (or Islas del Maiz) lie of Kansas in 1964, the University of Utah in the Caribbean Sea approximately 77.5 km in 1964, the American Museum of Natural east-north-east of Bluefields, Nicaragua. History in 1966 and by the author in 1969 Great Corn Island is about 4 km long and have yielded a wealth of herpetological 3 km wide; Little Corn Island is rougly less material that has notably increased our than half the size of Great Corn Island. knowledge of the island’s herpetofauna. Presently the ecological situation is basical- Several papers subsequent to Barbour ly the same as described by Peters (1929) and Loveridge (1929) have dealt with Corn but there is now much less arboreal vegeta- Island specimens: Dowling ( 1952) Duellman tion due to clearing done by the growing (1970), Duellman and Fouquette (1968), human population. -
발행국명 코드 지시 Abu Dhabi → United Arab Emirates [Ts] Abu Zaby
발행국명 코드 지시 Abu Dhabi → United Arab Emirates [ts] Abu Zaby → United Arab Emirates [ts] Aden → Yemen [ye] Aden (Protectorate) → Yemen [ye] Admiralty Islands → Papua New Guinea [pp] Aegean Islands → Greece [gr] Afars → Djibouti [ft] Afghanistan af Agalega Islands → Mauritius [mf] Agrihan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Aguijan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Ahvenanmaa → Finland [fi] Ailinglapalap Atoll → Marshall Islands [xe] Ajman → United Arab Emirates [ts] Alamagan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Aland Islands → Finland [fi] Albania aa Aldabra Islands → Seychelles [se] Algeria ae Alofi → Wallis and Futuna [wf] Alphonse Island → Seychelles [se] American Samoa as Amindivi Islands → India [ii] Amirante Isles → Seychelles [se] Amsterdam Island → Terres australes et antarctiques francaises [fs] Anatahan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Andaman Islands → India [ii] Andorra an Anegada → British Virgin Islands [vb] Angaur Island → Palau [pw] Angola ao Anguilla am Code changed from [ai] to [am] Anjouan Island → Comoros [cq] Annobon → Equatorial Guinea [eg] Antarctica ay Antigua → Antigua and Barbuda [aq] Antigua and Barbuda aq Arab Republic of Egypt → Egypt [ua] Arab Republic of Yemen → Yemen [ye] Archipielago de Colon → Ecuador [ec] Argentina ag Armenia (Republic) ai Arno (Atoll) → Marshall Islands [xe] Arquipelago dos Bijagos → Guinea-Bissau [pg] 발행국명 코드 지시 Aruba aw Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) → Saint Helena [xj] Ascension Island (Micronesia) → Micronesia (Federated States) [fm] Ashanti → Ghana [gh] Ashmore and Cartier Islands ⓧ ac → Australia [at] Asuncion Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Atafu Atoll → Tokelau [tl] Atauro, Ilha de → Indonesia [io] Austral Islands → French Polynesia [fp] Australia at Austria au Azerbaijan aj Azores → Portugal [po] Babelthuap Island → Palau [pw] Bahamas bf Bahrain ba Bahrein → Bahrain [ba] Baker Island → United States Misc.