and social media, citizen movements have emerged as an alternative to political party membership for citizen participation in democratic decision-making processes. Diverse groups of citizens, often including high numbers of youth, have made an increasing impact on democratic processes in Asia and Europe. By using social media to organize and stage their protests, they manage to circumvent political parties and CSOs as the traditional entry points for political participation and representation. A joint project of the Asia-Europe Foundation (ASEF), the Hanns Seidel Foundation and International IDEA, this publication looks closely at initiatives and activities undertaken by political parties in Asia and Political Parties and Citizen Movements in Asia Europe Europe to relate to CSOs and citizen movements. Political parties POLITICAL PARTIES AND in the two regions operate in different domestic political contexts and different socio-economic conditions. Different approaches and a CITIZEN MOVEMENTS IN myriad of experiences are analysed in this book: from complete non- alignment between citizen movements and parties, as in the case of ASIA AND EUROPE Spain, to a very formalised party-CSO engagement in Sweden and Norway, to a watchful approach from the incumbent government toward protest movements in Vietnam, to CSOs-turned political parties in India and the Philippines. This book offers valuable lessons rapidly emerging citizen protests. Asia-Europe Foundation Hanns Seidel Foundation International IDEA (ASEF) Lazarettstraße 33 Strömsborg 31 Heng Mui Keng Terrace 80636 Munich S–103 34 Stockholm Singapore 11959 Germany Sweden T: +65 6874 9700 T: +49 89 1258 0 F: +65 6872 1135 F: +49 89 1258 356 F: +46 8 20 24 22
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] www.asef.org www.hss.de www.idea.int ASEF’s contribution is made ISBN: 978-91-87729-71-3 possible with the financial support of the European Union.