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The Future of Free Speech, Trolls, Anonymity and Fake News Online.” Pew Research Center, March 2017
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE MARCH 29, 2017 BY Lee Rainie, Janna Anderson, and Jonathan Albright FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES: Lee Rainie, Director, Internet, Science and Technology research Prof. Janna Anderson, Director, Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center Asst. Prof. Jonathan Albright, Elon University Dana Page, Senior Communications Manager 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org RECOMMENDED CITATION: Rainie, Lee, Janna Anderson and Jonathan Albright. The Future of Free Speech, Trolls, Anonymity and Fake News Online.” Pew Research Center, March 2017. Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/03/29/the-future-of-free-speech- trolls-anonymity-and-fake-news-online/ 1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping America and the world. It does not take policy positions. The Center conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, content analysis and other data-driven social science research. It studies U.S. politics and policy; journalism and media; internet, science, and technology; religion and public life; Hispanic trends; global attitudes and trends; and U.S. social and demographic trends. All of the Center’s reports are available at www.pewresearch.org. Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts, its primary funder. For this project, Pew Research Center worked with Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center, which helped conceive the research as well as collect and analyze the data. © Pew Research Center 2017 www.pewresearch.org 2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER The Future of Free Speech, Trolls, Anonymity and Fake News Online The internet supports a global ecosystem of social interaction. -
The Internet and Isi: Four Decades of Innovation
THE INTERNET AND ISI: FOUR DECADES OF INNOVATION ROD BECKSTROM President and Chief Executive Officer Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) 40th Anniversary of USC Information Sciences Institute 26 April 2012 As prepared for delivery It’s an honor to be here today to mark the 40th anniversary of the University of Southern California’s Information Sciences Institute. Thank you to Herb Schorr for inviting me to speak with you today and participate in the day’s events. When he steps down he will leave some very large shoes to fill. When I received Herb’s invitation, I seized upon it as an opportunity to come before you to express the sincere gratitude that my colleagues and I feel for the work and support of ISI. When I think of ICANN and its development, and all we have accomplished, I never forget that we stand upon the shoulders of giants, many of whom contributed to my remarks today. In fact, I owe a special debt of gratitude to Bob Kahn, who has been a mentor to me. I am honored that he took the time to walk through a number of details in the history I have been asked to relate. The organizers asked me to speak about the history of ISI and ICANN. They also invited me to talk a bit about the future of the Internet. In my role as President and CEO of ICANN, I have many speaking engagements that are forward looking. They are opportunities to talk about ICANN’s work and how it will usher in the next phase in the history of the global, unified Internet that many of you have helped to create. -
What Will Historians' Verdict Be 50 Years from Now About the Impact Of
FOR RELEASE OCTOBER 29, 2019 What Will Historians’ Verdict be 50 Years from Now About the Impact of the Internet on People’s Lives Today? Experts expect that by 2069 today’s period of human-tech evolution could come to be seen as a risks-ridden time that eventually led to a grand redefinition of civilization or it could be seen as a ‘wasted opportunity’ that simply ‘updated and replicated legacy colonial hierarchies’ By Janna Anderson Executive director, Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES: Owen Covington, News Bureau Director, Elon University 336.278.7413 www.elon.edu RECOMMENDED CITATION Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center, October 29, 2019, “2069 Historians’ Verdict of Internet Impact 2019” About the Imagining the Internet Center Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center explores and provides insights into emerging network innovations, global development, dynamics, diffusion and governance. Its research holds a mirror to humanity’s use of communications technologies, informs policy development, exposes potential futures and provides a historic record. It works to illuminate issues in order to serve the greater good, making its work public, free and open. The Imagining the Internet Center sponsors work that brings people together to share their visions for the future of communications and the future of the world. What will historians’ verdict be 50 years from now about the impact of the internet on people’s lives today? Experts expect that by 2069 today’s period of human-tech -
2013-2014 Annual Report Annual Message from the Chairman Professor M
Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science Electrical Engineering Annual Report 2013-2014 Table of Contents Annual Report Message from the Chairman 3 Gifts from Alumni & Faculty: David Mong and Oscar M. Stafsudd 4-5 Alumni Recognitions: Dariush Divsalar and Henry T. Nicholas, III 6-7 New Members of National Academies: Chandrashekar J. Joshi and Alan N. Willson 8 Faculty Highlights 4Stanley J. Osher 9 4Ali H. Sayed 10 4Mona Jarrahi 11 4Robert N. Candler 12 4Dejan Markovic and Ali H. Sayed 13 4Tatsuo Itoh 14 4Yahya Rahmat-Samii 15 4John D. Villasenor 16 4Suhas N. Diggavi 16 4Diana L. Huffaker 16 4Aydogan Ozcan 17 4Bahram Jalali 17 Best Paper Awards 18 2013-2014 Oustanding Student and Teaching Awards 19 Alumni Board 20 Department Faculty 21-29 New Books by Faculty 29 IEEE and HKN Student Clubs 30-31 Department Overview 32-33 Industrial Affiliates Program 34 2 Electrical Engineering | 2013-2014 Annual Report Message from the Chairman Professor M. -C. Frank Chang am pleased to share with you highlights of our ac- fessor Rob Candler was awarded the National Science tivities for academic year 2013-2014. Our faculty, Foundation’s CAREER Award, the federal agency’s I students, and alumni continue to push innovation by most prestigious award in support of junior faculty. developing state-of-the-art technology while making Professor John Villasenor was named a member of the a positive impact on society and giving back to the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), the non-profit electrical engineering community and beyond. organization specializing in foreign policy and inter- The legacy of our department is carried on by dis- national affairs, and Professor Diana Huffaker was tinguished alumni. -
Securing Information Systems in an Uncertain World Enterprise Level Security 1 William R
Proceedings of IMCIC - ICSIT 2016 Securing Information Systems in an Uncertain World Enterprise Level Security 1 William R. Simpson Institute for Defense Analyses, 4850 Mark Center Dr. Alexandria, Virginia 22311 1 The publication of this paper does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense or IDA, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official position of these organizations. maintenance. Of course that wasn’t going be tolerated! ABSTRACT They doubled down (Special woods, Special Increasing threat intrusions to enterprise computing systems formulated sealants, Special paints). They still leaked. have led to a formulation of guarded enterprise systems. The A set of boat builders examined the history and came to 2 approach was to put in place steel gates and prevent hostile an epiphany – boats leak . Like all epiphanies, it entities from entering the enterprise domain. The current allows us to re-examine how we handle things. The complexity level has made the fortress approach to security design was modified so that the inside of boats could implemented throughout the defense, banking, and other high accommodate leakage. Drains and channels were added trust industries unworkable. The alternative security approach to funnel water to an area, the bilge, where the water presented in this paper is the result of a concentrated fourteen could be dealt with, manually at first, and then with year program of pilots and research. Its distributed approach automated pumps. A well-sealed boat was still required has no need for passwords or accounts and derives from a set of tenets that form the basic security model requirements. -
The Consensus Protocol
8/5/2020 The Consensus Protocol FEATURE AUGUST 2020 The Consensus Protocol How a radical process, invented to build the ARPANET, spawned history's greatest tool for collaborative work BY STEVE CROCKER UCLA’s Boelter Hall housed one of the four original ARPANET nodes. ach March, July, and November, we are reminded that the Internet is not Equite the mature, stable technology that it seems to be. We rely on the Internet as an essential tool for our economic, social, educational, and political lives. But when the Internet Engineering Task Force meets every four months at an open conference that bounces from continent to continent, more than 1,000 people from around the world gather with change on their minds. Their vision of the global network that all humanity shares is dynamic, evolving, and continuously improving. Their efforts combine with the contributions of myriad others to ensure that the Internet always works but is never done, never complete. The rapid yet orderly evolution of the Internet is all the more remarkable considering the highly unusual way it happens: without a company, a government, or a board of directors in charge. Nothing about digital communications technology suggests that it should be self-organizing or, for that matter, fundamentally reliable. We enjoy an Internet that is both of those at once because multiple generations of network developers have embraced a principle and a https://read.nxtbook.com/ieee/spectrum/spectrum_na_august_2020/the_consensus_protocol.html?mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTmpWh h b i i h hi f h l haVpXSmxOMll6TURZeSIsInQiOiIyc280i i l i h … 1/12 8/5/2020 The Consensus Protocol process that have been quite rare in the history of technology. -
Features of the Internet History the Norwegian Contribution to the Development PAAL SPILLING and YNGVAR LUNDH
Features of the Internet history The Norwegian contribution to the development PAAL SPILLING AND YNGVAR LUNDH This article provides a short historical and personal view on the development of packet-switching, computer communications and Internet technology, from its inception around 1969 until the full- fledged Internet became operational in 1983. In the early 1990s, the internet backbone at that time, the National Science Foundation network – NSFNET, was opened up for commercial purposes. At that time there were already several operators providing commercial services outside the internet. This presentation is based on the authors’ participation during parts of the development and on literature Paal Spilling is studies. This provides a setting in which the Norwegian participation and contribution may be better professor at the understood. Department of informatics, Univ. of Oslo and University 1 Introduction Defense (DOD). It is uncertain when DoD really Graduate Center The concept of computer networking started in the standardized on the entire protocol suite built around at Kjeller early 1960s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- TCP/IP, since for several years they also followed the ogy (MIT) with the vision of an “On-line community ISO standards track. of people”. Computers should facilitate communica- tions between people and be a support for human The development of the Internet, as we know it today, decision processes. In 1961 an MIT PhD thesis by went through three phases. The first one was the Leonard Kleinrock introduced some of the earliest research and development phase, sponsored and theoretical results on queuing networks. Around the supervised by ARPA. Research groups that actively same time a series of Rand Corporation papers, contributed to the development process and many mainly authored by Paul Baran, sketched a hypotheti- who explored its potential for resource sharing were cal system for communication while under attack that permitted to connect to and use the network. -
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet
The People Who Invented the Internet Source: Wikipedia's History of the Internet PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 22 Sep 2012 02:49:54 UTC Contents Articles History of the Internet 1 Barry Appelman 26 Paul Baran 28 Vint Cerf 33 Danny Cohen (engineer) 41 David D. Clark 44 Steve Crocker 45 Donald Davies 47 Douglas Engelbart 49 Charles M. Herzfeld 56 Internet Engineering Task Force 58 Bob Kahn 61 Peter T. Kirstein 65 Leonard Kleinrock 66 John Klensin 70 J. C. R. Licklider 71 Jon Postel 77 Louis Pouzin 80 Lawrence Roberts (scientist) 81 John Romkey 84 Ivan Sutherland 85 Robert Taylor (computer scientist) 89 Ray Tomlinson 92 Oleg Vishnepolsky 94 Phil Zimmermann 96 References Article Sources and Contributors 99 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 102 Article Licenses License 103 History of the Internet 1 History of the Internet The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. This began with point-to-point communication between mainframe computers and terminals, expanded to point-to-point connections between computers and then early research into packet switching. Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks. In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced. -
(Jake) Feinler
Oral History of Elizabeth (Jake) Feinler Interviewed by: Marc Weber Recorded: September 10, 2009 Mountain View, California Editor’s note: Material in [square brackets] has been added by Jake Feinler CHM Reference number: X5378.2009 © 2009 Computer History Museum Oral History of Elizabeth (Jake) Feinler Marc Weber: I’m Marc Weber from the Computer History Museum, and I’m here today, September 10th, 2009, with “Jake” Elizabeth Feinler, who was the director of the Network Information Systems Center at SRI. [This group provided the Network Information Center (NIC) for the Arpanet and the Defense Data Network (DDN), a project for which she was the principal investigator from 1973 until 1991. Earlier she was a member of Douglas Engelbart’s Augmentation Research Center (ARC) at SRI [which [housed] the second computer on the Arpanet. It was on this computer that the NIC resided initially.] Jake is also a volunteer here at the museum. [She has donated an extensive collection of early Internet papers to the museum, and has been working on organizing this collection for some time.] Thank you for joining us. Elizabeth (Jake) Feinler: My pleasure. Weber: I really just wanted to start with where did you grow up and what got you interested in technical things or things related to this. Feinler: [Originally I hoped to pursue a career in advertising design, but could not afford the freshman room and board away from home, so I began attending West Liberty State College (now West Liberty University) close to my home. West Liberty was very small then, and the] art department [wasn’t very good. -
Revisiting the Root
Revisiting the Root David Huberman ICANN’s Office of the CTO | 1 Overview ¤ A Brief History of the Root Server System ¤ Root Server Instances in the RIPE NCC Service Region ¤ Root Server System Governance ¤ Distribution of the Root Zone | 2 A Brief History of the Root Server System | 3 1983 DNS defined | 4 1984 First root server established at University of Southern California’s Information Sciences Institute (USC ISI) | 5 1985 Four root servers: two on each U.S. coast | 6 1987 Seven root servers: SRI – ISI – RPI – U. of Maryland – U.S. Air Force – NASA – U.S. Army | 7 1991 NORDU.NET replaces U.S. Air Force | 8 1993 Nine root servers: InterNIC and ISC are added | 9 1995 Labels changed to [X].ROOT-SERVERS.NET to allow more root servers in a 512-byte priming response | 10 1997 13 Root Servers | 11 Root Server System Today | 12 The Root Server System Today ¤ 13 labels: A through M ¤ 26 IP addresses (13 IPv4, 13 IPv6) ¤ Operated by 12 Root Server Operators ¤ Assigned to 1,100+ instances thanks to “anycast” routing ¤ On 1 December 2018 there were 77.7 billion queries received by the root zone servers (*excludes G-root) | 13 | 14 Root Server Operators A: Verisign G: U.S. DoD B: USC ISI H: U.S. Army Research Lab C: Cogent I: Netnod D: University of Maryland J: Verisign E: NASA - AMES K: RIPE NCC F: ISC L: ICANN M: WIDE | 15 Root Server Operators A: Verisign G: U.S. DoD B: USC ISI H: U.S. Army Research Lab C: Cogent I: Netnod D: University of Maryland J: Verisign E: NASA - AMES K: RIPE NCC F: ISC L: ICANN M: WIDE | 16 Root Server Instances in -
Internet Hall of Fame Announces 2013 Inductees
Internet Hall of Fame Announces 2013 Inductees Influential engineers, activists, and entrepreneurs changed history through their vision and determination Ceremony to be held 3 August in Berlin, Germany [Washington, D.C. and Geneva, Switzerland -- 26 June 2013] The Internet Society today announced the names of the 32 individuals who have been selected for induction into the Internet Hall of Fame. Honored for their groundbreaking contributions to the global Internet, this year’s inductees comprise some of the world’s most influential engineers, activists, innovators, and entrepreneurs. The Internet Hall of Fame celebrates Internet visionaries, innovators, and leaders from around the world who believed in the design and potential of an open Internet and, through their work, helped change the way we live and work today. The 2013 Internet Hall of Fame inductees are: Pioneers Circle – Recognizing individuals who were instrumental in the early design and development of the Internet: David Clark, David Farber, Howard Frank, Kanchana Kanchanasut, J.C.R. Licklider (posthumous), Bob Metcalfe, Jun Murai, Kees Neggers, Nii Narku Quaynor, Glenn Ricart, Robert Taylor, Stephen Wolff, Werner Zorn Innovators – Recognizing individuals who made outstanding technological, commercial, or policy advances and helped to expand the Internet’s reach: Marc Andreessen, John Perry Barlow, Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder, François Flückiger, Stephen Kent, Henning Schulzrinne, Richard Stallman, Aaron Swartz (posthumous), Jimmy Wales Global Connectors – Recognizing individuals from around the world who have made significant contributions to the global growth and use of the Internet: Karen Banks, Gihan Dias, Anriette Esterhuysen, Steven Goldstein, Teus Hagen, Ida Holz, Qiheng Hu, Haruhisa Ishida (posthumous), Barry Leiner (posthumous), George Sadowsky “This year’s inductees represent a group of people as diverse and dynamic as the Internet itself,” noted Internet Society President and CEO Lynn St. -
The Value of Vision in Radical Technological Innovation A
THE VALUE OF VISION IN RADICAL TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Tammy L. Carleton September 2010 © 2011 by Tammy Lee Carleton. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/mk388mb2729 ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Larry Leifer, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Riitta Katila I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chuck House Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. Patricia J. Gumport, Vice Provost Graduate Education This signature page was generated electronically upon submission of this dissertation in electronic format. An original signed hard copy of the signature page is on file in University Archives. iii THE VALUE OF VISION IN RADICAL TECHNOLOGICAL INVENTION ABSTRACT Is a technological vision needed to drive radical or disruptive innovations? Few studies have discussed a possible relationship between the formation of a technological vision and the sustained creation of radical innovation.