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Australian Truffle Orchards Integrated Pest and Disease Management Manual

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Australian Truffle Orchards Integrated Pest and Disease Management Manual Australian Truffle Orchards Integrated Pest and Disease Management Manual Australian Truffle Orchards IPDM Manual Acknowledgements and contributors Funding This Manual is based on research undertaken in the AgriFutures™ Emerging Industries Program project PRJ-009832 Pests and Diseases of truffles and their host trees in Australia, 2015-2019. This project was jointly funded by AgriFutures™ Emerging Industries Program, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD) Western Australia, Australian Truffle Growers Association (ATGA), Truffle Producers Western Australia (TPWA), the Australian National University (ANU) and Department of Primary Industries New South Wales (NSW DPI). Truffle growers of Australia are acknowledged for providing access to their truffle orchards during that project. Coordinating author Alison Mathews Contributing authors Stewart Learmonth, Alison Mathews and Alec Mccarthy (DPIRD); Celeste Linde (ANU); Anne Mitchell (Manjimup Underground), Ainsley Seago (DPI NSW), Alan Davey (Advyron). Project team and contributors Helen Collie (DPIRD), Peter dal Danto (AgAware Consulting Pty Ltd), Alan Davey (Advyron R. S.), John de Majnik (AgriFutures Australia), Harry Eslick (Truffle and Wine Co.), Duncan Farquhar (AgriFutures Australia), Diana Fisher (DPIRD), Heather Gustin (DPIRD), Alan Jacob (DPIRD), Stewart Learmonth (DPIRD), Celeste Linde (ANU), Alison Mathews (DPIRD), Anne Mitchell (Manjimup Underground), Janet Paterson (Truffle and Wine Co.), Ainsley Seago (DPI NSW), Peter Stahle (ATGA), Paul Webb (Truffle and Wine Co.). Images Where photos and images used in this Manual were not provided by contributing authors, acknowledgement of the source is included in the image credit list at the end of the document. ISBN: 978-0-6482627-6-3 Important disclaimer The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. Copyright © Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 2019 2 CONTENTS About this manual ..................................................................................................................... 5 What is IPDM? .......................................................................................................................... 5 Steps involved ....................................................................................................................... 6 IPDM in truffle orchards ......................................................................................................... 7 Establishing and maintaining a healthy orchard......................................................................... 8 Tree health ............................................................................................................................ 8 On farm biosecurity................................................................................................................ 9 Invertebrate pests and non-pests and Diseases ...................................................................... 15 Invertebrates........................................................................................................................ 15 Diseases .............................................................................................................................. 18 Pest and Disease factsheets ............................................................................................... 19 Ants .................................................................................................................................. 20 Aphids .............................................................................................................................. 21 African black beetle .......................................................................................................... 23 Other cockchafer beetles ................................................................................................. 26 Australian truffle beetle..................................................................................................... 28 Predatory beetles ............................................................................................................. 33 Spring beetle .................................................................................................................... 35 Stinking longicorn ............................................................................................................. 37 Wireworm ......................................................................................................................... 39 False wireworms and bronzed field beetle........................................................................ 41 Centipedes - Garden ........................................................................................................ 43 Earwigs ............................................................................................................................ 44 Flatworms ........................................................................................................................ 47 Fungus gnats and other flies ............................................................................................ 48 Grasshoppers - wingless .................................................................................................. 51 Millipedes ......................................................................................................................... 53 Mites - General ................................................................................................................ 57 Hazelnut gall mite ............................................................................................................. 59 Hazelnut mite ................................................................................................................... 60 Fruit tree borer ................................................................................................................. 61 Heliothis ........................................................................................................................... 63 Lightbrown apple moth ..................................................................................................... 65 Oak leaf mine ................................................................................................................... 67 Painted apple moth and Western tussock moth ............................................................... 69 Potworms ......................................................................................................................... 71 Australian Truffle Orchards IPDM Manual Scales - soft ..................................................................................................................... 72 Slaters .............................................................................................................................. 75 Slugs ................................................................................................................................ 79 Garden snail ..................................................................................................................... 84 Small pointed snail ........................................................................................................... 86 Springtails ........................................................................................................................ 88 Thrips – greenhouse thrips ............................................................................................... 91 Apple weevil ..................................................................................................................... 93 Fuller’s rose weevil ........................................................................................................... 96 Garden weevil .................................................................................................................. 99 Hypsomus weevil ........................................................................................................... 102 Redlegged weevils ......................................................................................................... 103 Whitefringed weevil ........................................................................................................ 105 European truffle beetle ................................................................................................... 107 Truffle fly ........................................................................................................................ 108 Vertebrate pests - Birds and Mammals .......................................................................... 109 Australian honey fungus ................................................................................................. 110 Bacterial Blight ............................................................................................................... 111 Discula ........................................................................................................................... 113 Oak powdery mildew ...................................................................................................... 115 Root and root collar diseases ........................................................................................
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