Load Testing 101: Essential Tips for Testers and Developers
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Assessment of Pavement Foundation Stiffness Using Cyclic Plate Load Test
Assessment of Pavement Foundation Stiffness using Cyclic Plate Load Test Mark H. Wayne & Jayhyun Kwon Tensar International Corporation, Alpharetta, U.S.A. David J. White R.L. Handy Associate Professor of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa ABSTRACT: The quality of the pavement foundation layer is critical in performance and sustainability of the pavement. Over the years, various soil modification or stabilization methods were developed to achieve sufficient bearing performance of soft subgrade. Geogrid, through its openings, confine aggre- gates and forms a stabilized composite layer of aggregate fill and geogrid. This mechanically stabilized layer is used to provide a stable foundation layer for roadways. Traditional density-based QC plans and associated QA test methods such as nuclear density gauge are limited in their ability to assess stiffness of stabilized composite layers. In North America, non-destructive testing methods, such as falling weight de- flectometer (FWD) and light weight deflectometer (LWD) are used as stiffness- or strength-based QA test methods. In Germany and some other European countries, a static strain modulus (Ev2) is more commonly used to verify bearing performance of paving layers. Ev2 is a modulus measured on second load stage of the static plate load test. In general, modulus determined from first load cycle is not reliable because there is too much re-arrangement of the gravel particles. However, a small number of load cycles may not be sufficiently dependable or reliable to be used as a design parameter. Experiments were conducted to study the influence of load cycles in bearing performance. -
Engineering Geological Characterisation and Slope Stability
Engineering Geological Characterisation and Slope Stability Assessment of Whitehall Quarry, Waikato. A Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Science in Engineering Geology at the University of Canterbury by Daniel Rodney Strang UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY 2010 I Frontispiece Whitehall Quarry “Over 4,000 tonnes of aggregate goes into every 1 km of a two lane road” II Abstract Whitehall Quarry is located 4 km east of Karapiro, near Cambridge within the Waikato District. Current quarrying operations produce between 150,000 and 300,000 tonnes of aggregate for use in the surrounding region. This study is an investigation into the engineering geological model for the quarry and pit slope stability assessment. Pit slope stability is an integral aspect of quarrying and open-pit mining since slopes should be as steep as possible to minimise waste material which needs to be removed, yet shallow enough to minimise potential hazards to personnel and equipment below pit slopes. This study also assesses the stability of complex wedge located within the north western corner of the quarry. Initial estimates approximate a wedge mass volume of 500,000 m3; failure was triggered during the late 80‟s due a stripping programme at the head of the mass. Field and laboratory investigations were carried out to identify and quantify engineering geological parameters. Photogrammetric and conventional scanline analytical techniques identified two domains within the quarry divided by the Main Quarry Shear Zone (MQSZ). Discontinuity orientations are the key differences between the two domains. Bedding planes appear to have slightly different orientations and each domain has very different joint sets identified. -
Software Testing: Essential Phase of SDLC and a Comparative Study Of
International Journal of System and Software Engineering Volume 5 Issue 2, December 2017 ISSN.: 2321-6107 Software Testing: Essential Phase of SDLC and a Comparative Study of Software Testing Techniques Sushma Malik Assistant Professor, Institute of Innovation in Technology and Management, Janak Puri, New Delhi, India. Email: [email protected] Abstract: Software Development Life-Cycle (SDLC) follows In the software development process, the problem (Software) the different activities that are used in the development of a can be dividing in the following activities [3]: software product. SDLC is also called the software process ∑ Understanding the problem and it is the lifeline of any Software Development Model. ∑ Decide a plan for the solution Software Processes decide the survival of a particular software development model in the market as well as in ∑ Coding for the designed solution software organization and Software testing is a process of ∑ Testing the definite program finding software bugs while executing a program so that we get the zero defect software. The main objective of software These activities may be very complex for large systems. So, testing is to evaluating the competence and usability of a each of the activity has to be broken into smaller sub-activities software. Software testing is an important part of the SDLC or steps. These steps are then handled effectively to produce a because through software testing getting the quality of the software project or system. The basic steps involved in software software. Lots of advancements have been done through project development are: various verification techniques, but still we need software to 1) Requirement Analysis and Specification: The goal of be fully tested before handed to the customer. -
Accelerated Load Testing of Pavements HVS-Nordic Tests at VTI Sweden 2003–2004
VTI rapport 544A www.vti.se/publications Published 2006 Accelerated load testing of pavements HVS-Nordic tests at VTI Sweden 2003–2004 Leif G Wiman Publisher: Publication: VTI rapport 544A Published: Project code: 2006 60813 SE-581 95 Linköping Sweden Project: Accelerated load testing of pavement using Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS) Author: Sponsor: Leif G Wiman Swedish Road Administration Title: Accelerated load testing of pavements – HVS-Nordic tests at VTI Sweden 2003–2004 Abstract (background, aim, method, result) max 200 words: During 2003 and 2004 two accelerated load tests were performed at the VTI test facility in Sweden (SE05 and SE06). The objective of SE05 was to investigate the deformation behaviour of two different unbound base materials. Half of the test area was constructed with a base layer of natural granular material and the other half with a base layer of crushed rock aggregate. This means that the two structures were tested simultaneously. The objective of SE06 was to be the third test in a series of structural design tests with stepwise higher bearing capacity. The previous two tests in this series are SE01 and SE02. In the unbound base material test, SE05, the surface rut depth propagation during the accelerated load testing was greater on the crushed rock aggregate structure especially in wet condition. This was not expected and more than half of the difference in surface rut depth was found in the difference in the base layer deformations. One main reason for this unexpected behaviour is believed to be unsatisfactory compaction of the crushed rock aggregate. The performance of the pavement structures SE01, SE02 and SE06 during the accelerated load testing will be analysed in more detail in the future. -
Stress Testing Embedded Software Applications
Embedded Systems Conference / Boston, MA September 20, 2007 ESC-302 Stress Testing Embedded Software Applications T. Adrian Hill Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper describes techniques to design stress tests, classifies the types of problems found during these types of tests, and analyzes why these problems are not discovered with traditional unit testing or acceptance testing. The findings are supported by citing examples from three recent embedded software development programs performed by the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory where formal stress testing was employed. It also defines what is meant by the robustness and elasticity of a software system. These findings will encourage software professionals to incorporate stress testing into their formal software development process. OUTLINE 1. INTRODUCTON 1.1 What can be learned by “breaking” the software 2. DESIGNING A STRESS TEST 2.1 What is a reasonable target CPU load? 2.2 Other ways to stress the system 2.3 Characteristics of a Stress Test 3. REAL WORLD RESULTS 3.1 Case #1: Software Missed Receiving Some Commands When CPU Was Heavily Loaded 3.2 Case #2: Processor Reset when Available Memory Buffers Were Exhausted 3.3 Case #3: Unexpected Command Rejection When CPU Was Heavily Loaded 3.4 Case #4: Processor Reset When RAM Disk Was Nearly Full 3.5 Synopsis of All Problems Found During Stress Testing 4. SUMMARY 1. INTRODUCTON Traditional Software Acceptance Testing is a standard phase in nearly every software development methodology. Test engineers develop and execute tests that are defined to validate software requirements. -
Testing Techniques Selection Based on SWOT Analysis
International Journal of Knowledge, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Volume 2 No. 1, 2014, pp. 56—68 Testing Techniques Selection Based on SWOT Analysis MUNAZZA JANNISAR, RUQIA BIBI & MUHAMMAD FAHAD KHAN University of Engineering and Technology, Pakistan Received 02 March 2014; received in revised form 15 April 2014; approved 22 April 2014 ABSTRACT Quality is easy to claim but hard to achieve. Testing is a most essential phase in software development life cycle not only to ensure a project’s success but also customer satisfaction. This paper presents SWOT Analysis of three testing tech- niques—White-Box, Black-Box and Grey Box. The testing techniques are evaluated on the basis of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The analysis in this paper shows that selection of the techniques should be based on a set of defined attrib- utes, context and objective. The findings in this paper might be helpful in highlighting and addressing issues related to testing techniques selection based on SWOT analysis. Keywords: Black Box Testing, White Box Testing, Grey Box, SWOT Introduction Software plays a substantial role in every sphere of life. It is a key reason why software engineering continually introducing new methodologies and improvement to software development. The capacity of organisations to achieve customer satisfaction or to cor- rectly identify the needs of customers can be misplaced, leading to ambiguities and un- wanted results 1. Researchers have suggested many testing techniques to deal with fault identification and removal subjects, before the product [software] is shipped to cus- tomer. Despite many verification and validation approaches to assuring product quality, defect-free software goal is not very often achieved. -
Putting the Right Stress Into WMS Volume Testing Eliminate Unwelcome Surprises
v i e w p o i n t Putting the Right Stress into WMS Volume Testing Eliminate unwelcome surprises. When implementing or upgrading a Warehouse Management System (WMS) in a high volume environment, it should be a given that a significant amount of effort needs to be dedicated to various phases of testing. However, a common mistake is to ignore or improperly plan for volume testing. So what types of processes should be tested? There is unit testing that validates segments of functionality, RF Floor Transactions - This should involve the more interface testing that checks the flow of data between systems, commonly used RF transactions such as putaway and picking. user acceptance testing that involves the end user group It is not a good idea to include every type of RF activity. That working through scripted functional flows, and field testing that means you probably will not be paying too much attention to executes an augmented version of the user acceptance testing cycle counts as a part of your stress test. on the distribution center floor. Wave Processing - It is absolutely necessary to know how Volume testing, also known as stress testing, is an assessment long it will take to process each day’s orders. In addition, it is that may be ignored. This is a mistake, because this puts a strain important to validate if there are any important processes that on the processes within the WMS, as well as its interfaces in cannot be executed during wave processing. For example, the order to identify conditions that would result in a slow-down testing may reveal that RF unit picking is an activity that cannot or catastrophic crash of the system. -
Scalability Performance of Software Testing by Using Review Technique Mr
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 3, Issue 5, May-2012 1 ISSN 2229-5518 Scalability performance of Software Testing by Using Review Technique Mr. Ashish Kumar Tripathi, Mr. Saurabh Upadhyay, Mr.Sachin Kumar Dhar Dwivedi Abstract-Software testing is an investigation which aimed at evaluating capability of a program or system and determining that it meets its required results. Although crucial to software quality and widely deployed by programmers and testers, software testing still remains an art, due to limited understanding of the principles of software, we cannot completely test a program with moderate complexity. Testing is more than just debugging. The purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification and validation, or reliability estimation. Testing can be used as a generic metric as well. Correctness testing and reliability testing are two major areas of testing. Software testing is a trade-off between budget, time and quality. Index Terms--Software testing modules, measurement process, performance and review technique. —————————— —————————— 1-INTRODUCTION throughput of a web application based on requests per esting is not just finding out the defects. Testing is second, concurrent users, or bytes of data transferred as not just seeing the requirements are Satisfied which well as measure the performance. T are necessary in software development. Testing is a process of verifying and validating all wanted requirements 3-PROCESS FOR MEASUREMENT is there in products and also verifying and validating any unwanted requirements are there in the products. It is also In the measurement of configured software there are seeing any latent effects are there in the product because of several technique can be applicable these requirements. -
Performance Testing, Load Testing & Stress Testing Explained
Performance Testing, Load Testing & Stress Testing Explained Performance testing is key for understanding how your system works. Without good performance testing, you don’t know how your system will deal with expected—or unexpected—demands. Load testing and stress testing are two kinds of performance testing. Knowing when to use load testing and when to use stressing testing depends on what you need: Do you need to understand how your system performs when everything is working normally? Do you want to find out what will happen under unexpected pressure like traffic spikes? To ensure that your systems remain accessible under peak demand, run your system through performance testing. Let’s take a look. Performance vs load vs stress testing Performance testing is an umbrella term for load testing and stress testing. When developing an application, software, or website, you likely set a benchmark (standard) for performance. This covers what happens under: Regular parameters: If everything goes as planned, how does it work? Irregular parameters: Can my website application survive a DDoS attack? Load testing is testing how an application, software, or website performs when in use under an expected load. We intentionally increase the load, searching for a threshold for good performance. This tests how a system functions when it faces normal traffic. Stress testing is testing how an application, software, or website performs when under extreme pressure—an unexpected load. We increase the load to its upper limit to find out how it recovers from possible failure. This tests how a system functions when it faces abnormal traffic. Now let’s look at each in more detail. -
Final Addendum Geotechnical Report No.2 Ground Anchor Design White Point Landslide W.O
Final Addendum Geotechnical Report No.2 Ground Anchor Design White Point Landslide W.O. E1907483 Task Order Solicitation 11-087 San Pedro District Los Angeles, California April 17, 2013 Submitted to: Mr. Christopher F. Johnson, P.E., G.E. Geotechnical Engineering Group 1149 S. Broadway, Suite 120 Los Angeles, CA 90015 By: Shannon & Wilson, Inc. 664 West Broadway Glendale, California 91204 51-1-10052-031 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1 2.0 SCOPE OF SERVICES .........................................................................................................1 3.0 PROJECT DOCUMENTATAION ........................................................................................2 3.1 Shannon & Wilson Reports ........................................................................................2 3.2 Final Report: ...............................................................................................................2 3.3 Addendum-1 Report: ..................................................................................................2 3.4 Plans and Specifications .............................................................................................3 3.5 Existing County of Los Angeles Storm Drains ..........................................................3 4.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS .............................................................................................4 4.1 General .......................................................................................................................4 -
Slope Stability Analysis of Bench In
An Interdisciplinary Response to Mine Water Challenges - Sui, Sun & Wang (eds) ©2014 China University of Mining and Technology Press, Xuzhou, ISBN 978-7-5646-2437-8 Slope Stability Analysis of Bench in Complete Construction Solid Concentrate (Quarry) Limited, Ilorin, Nigeria Agbalajobi Sunday Ayodele1, Bello W.A.2 1 Department of Mineral Resources Engineering, Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin, Nigeria 2 Department of Mining Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Email: [email protected] +2348035766493 Abstract The slope stability of Complete Construction Solid Concentrate (Quarry) Limited has been carried out using DIPS software version 6.0. A kinematic analysis of planar discontinuity sets in a gneiss deposit was carried out to ascertain the degree of slope stability. Two hundred and fifty three dip and dip direction values were obtained using compass clinometer. Joints along the discontinuities were mapped. The average result of physical and mechanical properties such as specific gravity, unit weight, uniaxial compressive strength, point load index, and Schmidt rebound value was 2.64 g/m3, 25.95 kN/m3,156 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 53.12 respectively. Also, a statistical model equation relating the rock strength such as unit weight, uniaxial compressive strength, and Schmidt rebound value was developed.The results of the investigation revealed evidence of potential slope failures from the two joint sets identified in the study area. Three possible types of slope failure (planar, wedge and toppling) were examined. The analyses stated that the rock face was susceptible to wedge failures having all the geometrical conditions associated with the occurrence of such failures were noticeable while planar and toppling had no noticeable failure. -
Geometry Assessment and Strength/Stiffness Monitoring of Lime
GEOMETRY ASSESSMENT AND STRENGTH/STIFFNESS MONITORING OF LIME AND CEMENT MODIFIED SOILS VIA CHARACTERIZATION OF CURING-INDUCED PROPERTY CHANGES ESTIMATED FROM SEISMIC WAVE PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES AND ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY by Richard G. Bearce A thesis submitted to the Faculty and Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Civil and Environmental Engineering) Golden, CO Date _______________ Signed _____________________________ Richard G. Bearce Signed _____________________________ Dr. Michael Mooney Thesis Advisor Golden, CO Date _______________ Signed _____________________________ Dr. John McCray Professor and Head Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ii ABSTRACT Soil modification via binding additives such as lime and cement grout is a commonly used practice for improving the engineering properties of soil in civil and underground construction applications. Such additives change the properties of the soil by forming cementing agents that bond soil grains together. This cementing process increases the strength/stiffness and reduces the hydraulic conductivity of the modified soil. To ensure adequate performance of chemically modified soil, assessment of both engineering properties and the spatial extent of modification is vitally important. A variety of performance verification techniques are used to assess engineering properties and geometry by industry, but these techniques have inherent limitations. For roadway subgrade soil stabilized with lime and/or cement, an improved performance verification approach would utilize non-destructive monitoring of strength/stiffness growth of subgrade soils cured under field temperature conditions. This research employs wave propagation techniques to monitor the strength/stiffness growth of lime/cement stabilized subgrade and formulates a maturity function to predict modulus growth as a simultaneous function of both time and temperature.