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Visualising Social Network Activity on Mobile Browsers Visualising Social Network Activity on Mobile Browsers Christoffer Björkskog Helsinki June 4, 2008 Master’s Thesis UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Department of Computer Science HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO — HELSINGFORS UNIVERSITET — UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI Tiedekunta/Osasto — Fakultet/Sektion — Faculty Laitos — Institution — Department Faculty of Science Department of Computer Science Tekijä — Författare — Author Christoffer Björkskog Työn nimi — Arbetets titel — Title Visualising Social Network Activity on Mobile Browsers Oppiaine — Läroämne — Subject Työn laji — Arbetets art — Level Aika — Datum — Month and year Sivumäärä — Sidoantal — Number of pages Master’s Thesis June 4, 2008 65 pages + 5 appendix pages Tiivistelmä — Referat — Abstract Online social communication and contribution is very common today. There are many different online social networks and it is difficult to follow the activities in all. In this thesis we study whether online social activities can be aggregated and visualised in a graspable way on mobile Web browses using AJAX technologies. We have created Funnelry, a social media mashup application, designed to fetch the online activities of the user’s friends from different services and present them in a filtered list view on mobile web browsers. This thesis comes to the conclusion that it is currently possible to visualise these activities on certain mobile browsers using AJAX technologies. It is possible that in a near future most mobile Web browsers will support these technologies. Clustering and filtering out data that is not interesting to the user is needed when there is a great deal of online activities going on. ACM Computing Classification System (CCS): H.3.5 [Online Information Services], H.4.3 [Communications Applications], H.5.1 [Multimedia Information Systems], H.5.2 [User Interfaces] Avainsanat — Nyckelord — Keywords Web 2.0, mobile media, visualisation, user interfaces, service aggregation, mobile AJAX Säilytyspaikka — Förvaringsställe — Where deposited Muita tietoja — övriga uppgifter — Additional information ii Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Social Media Services and Web 2.0 2 2.1 Social Media Services . 2 2.2 Web 2.0 . 6 3 Capabilities of Mobile Web Browsers 8 4 Web Usability 10 4.1 Usability . 10 4.2 Web Usability . 11 4.3 Mobile Web Usability . 12 4.4 Usability and Data Visualisation . 15 5 Service Aggregation 25 5.1 Techniques . 25 5.2 Syndication and Aggregation . 31 5.3 Mashups . 32 6 Implementation of Funnelry 40 6.1 Example Scenarios . 40 6.2 Specifications . 41 6.3 Architecture . 43 6.4 User Interface Prototype . 47 6.5 Implementation . 48 6.5.1 Navigation . 48 6.5.2 Visualising Activities . 53 6.6 Loading Times . 56 6.7 Lessons Learned . 58 iii 7 Conclusion 59 8 Acknowledgements 59 References 60 Appendices A Acid2 Test B Acid3 Test C AJAX Code Sample D Google Maps API Code Sample E Loading Times 1 Introduction Human beings are social creatures with an ability to work together in groups, cre- ating value that is greater than the sum of its parts [WM08]. Many online services exist where users can contribute with content and communicate with each other. For example, many people have an online diary where they publish their thoughts. According to a questionnaire targeted at American Internet users, social and pro- fessional networking sites have increased in popularity, people remix online content, categorise, or "tag", online content and upload photos, videos and content they have produced [Pew08]. A great deal of content is being viewed and produced by online users, and communication over the Internet in different forms is happening all the time [WM08]. People use different social networking services to keep up with their friends. However, it becomes difficult to follow the activities in all of them when there are a large number of services that a person’s friends are active in. Mobile phones are closely connected to persons as well as to a global network [CtHS06]. Social networking on mobile phones may enhance social activities when the context of the users is taken into account. However, displaying a great deal of content on mobile devices may be difficult because of the limited screen size of the phone [Noi05]. The aim of this thesis is to see whether online social activities can be aggregated and viewed in a user friendly way on mobile web browsers. Funnelry is a prototype devel- oped for the Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT) designed to aggre- gate and display social activity on mobile browsers, and is the software part of this thesis. Funnelry visualises online activity using Extensible HyperText Markup Lan- guage (XHTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Document Object Model (DOM) manipulation and client side scripting (JavaScript), fetching data as JavaScript Ob- ject Notation (JSON) feeds using XMLHttpRequests (XHR). The structure of the thesis is as follows: In Chapter 2, a background on social media services and Web 2.0 is described. These are phenomena that have emerged during recent years and have changed the way the Internet is used. Social networking on mobile devices is introduced. In Chapter 3, the limitations and strengths of mobile devices as a platform for social networking are discussed, and the capabilities of modern mobile web browsers needed to run dynamically changing Rich Internet Applications (RIA) are examined. In Chapter 4, principles for usability, visualisation and models for perception are 2 introduced. Two examples of visualising large amounts of data on mobile devices with small and very small displays are presented. Chapter 5 introduces service aggregation, which involves gathering information from different sources into one. Syndication, a method of providing a computer read- able version of content through RSS (Really Simple Syndication), is introduced. Mashups, combining elements from different services into new services are presented. Techniques enabling mashups, such as RSS and AJAX, are presented. Chapter 6 describes Funnelry, a mobile social media mashup that combines and filters online activities from user’s online social networks on a mobile web browser. Chapter 7 summarises the results of this thesis and takes a glimpse at what to expect in the near future of the mobile web. 2 Social Media Services and Web 2.0 2.1 Social Media Services During the last ten years, the web has matured both technologically and in usage [WM08]. The focus is on user contribution, collaboration, communication and social networking [O’R05, WM08]. Web applications that enable these activities are called social software [CtHS06]. The web and social software enable social networking in ways that were previously unattainable, providing opportunities for collaboration and communication between people online [WM08]. A social network is defined as a group of three or more per- sons sharing information with each other, such as a scout troop, church, university or any other socially structured relationship [WM08]. Social networking is influenc- ing how the web is used and is causing a major shift in the function and design of the Internet. The use of social software has increased tremendously in the past few years [CtHS06]. People contribute and communicate using blogs, social networking and tagging sys- tems, while they continue to use existing socially oriented software such as news- groups, bulletin boards and collaborative filtering systems. Many of the popular social networks grow through word of mouth, which is the natural behaviour of people telling others about products or services that are either good or bad [WM08]. A survey showed that from 2005 to 2006 the number of daily 3 online social network users, based on American Internet users aged between 18 and 29, increased from 4% to 31% [Pew08]. Data from this survey, summarised in Table 1, shows statistics of American Internet users’ activities on the web. There are different kinds of online social media services and networks. The following is a brief introduction to a few of them. Facebook (facebook.com) connects users with friends, fellow students and peers enabling them to keep in touch, upload photos and to share links and videos. Orkut (orkut.com) is similar to Facebook and is popular in Brazil, India and the USA. MySpace (myspace.com) is an online community and a meeting place for friends similar to Orkut and Facebook. YouTube (youtube.com) allows people to upload videos and share them across websites, mobile devices and e-mail. Users can rate and comment videos and reply to them with a video of their own. Users can also create channels and playlists. In the previously mentioned survey, 70% of American Internet users in ages 18 to 29 answered that they watch videos on video sharing sites, and 30% of the users had done it the previous day [Pew08]. Within the same age group, 36% said that they have shared online content they have made themselves such as videos, photos, artwork or stories. Flickr (flickr.com) is a service where users can upload their digital photos. It allows users to share these photos with the world, their friends or family. Images can be uploaded from various photo managing software on the users’ home computers, the web or mobile devices. The survey of American Internet users found that, in ages 18 to 29, 51% have uploaded images to the Internet for others to see [Pew08]. In ages 30 and older the percentage was around 30. Digg (digg.com) is a place where people discover and share web content recommen- dations. If users like the content they can "digg" it, increasing the number of diggs for that content. The
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