Visualising Social Network Activity on Mobile Browsers
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Out-Of-School Factors and School Success
Poverty and Potential: Out-of-School Factors and School Success David C. Berliner Regents’ Professor Arizona State University March 2009 The Great Lakes Center for Education Research & Practice PO Box 1263 East Lansing, MI 48826 Phone: (517) 203-2940 Email: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.greatlakescenter.org One of a series of Policy Briefs made possible by funding from the Great Lakes Center for Education Research and Practice. This policy brief was peer reviewed by members of the EPIC/EPRU Editorial Review Board. For information on the board and its members, visit: http://epicpolicy.org/editorial-board. Poverty and Potential: Out-of-School Factors and School Success David C. Berliner Arizona State University Executive Summary The U.S. has set as a national goal the narrowing of the achievement gap between lower income and middle-class students, and that between racial and ethnic groups. This is a key purpose of the No Child Left Behind act, which relies primarily on assessment to promote changes within schools to accomplish that goal. However, out-of-school factors (OSFs) play a powerful role in generating existing achievement gaps, and if these factors are not attended to with equal vigor, our national aspirations will be thwarted. This brief details six OSFs common among the poor that significantly affect the health and learning opportunities of children, and accordingly limit what schools can accomplish on their own: (1) low birth-weight and non-genetic prenatal influences on children; (2) inadequate medical, dental, and vision care, often a result of inadequate or no medical insurance; (3) food insecurity; (4) environmental pollutants; (5) family relations and family stress; and (6) neighborhood characteristics. -
Social Influence in Social Advertising: Evidence from Field Experiments
Social Influence in Social Advertising: Evidence from Field Experiments EYTAN BAKSHYy, Facebook DEAN ECKLESy, Stanford University & Facebook RONG YAN, Facebook ITAMAR ROSENN, Facebook Social advertising uses information about consumers’ peers, including peer affiliations with a brand, prod- uct, organization, etc., to target ads and contextualize their display. This approach can increase ad efficacy for two main reasons: peers’ affiliations reflect unobserved consumer characteristics, which are correlated along the social network; and the inclusion of social cues (i.e., peers’ association with a brand) alongside ads affect responses via social influence processes. For these reasons, responses may be increased when multiple social signals are presented with ads, and when ads are affiliated with peers who are strong, rather than weak, ties. We conduct two very large field experiments that identify the effect of social cues on consumer responses to ads, measured in terms of ad clicks and the formation of connections with the advertised entity. In the first experiment, we randomize the number of social cues present in word-of-mouth advertising, and measure how responses increase as a function of the number of cues. The second experiment examines the effect of augmenting traditional ad units with a minimal social cue (i.e., displaying a peer’s affiliation below an ad in light grey text). On average, this cue causes significant increases in ad performance. Using a measurement of tie strength based on the total amount of communication between subjects and their peers, we show that these influence effects are greatest for strong ties. Our work has implications for ad optimization, user interface design, and central questions in social science research. -
Browser Wars
Uppsala universitet Inst. för informationsvetenskap Browser Wars Kampen om webbläsarmarknaden Andreas Högström, Emil Pettersson Kurs: Examensarbete Nivå: C Termin: VT-10 Datum: 2010-06-07 Handledare: Anneli Edman "Anyone who slaps a 'this page is best viewed with Browser X' label on a Web page appears to be yearning for the bad old days, before the Web, when you had very little chance of read- ing a document written on another computer, another word processor, or another network" - Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee, grundare av World Wide Web Consortium, Technology Review juli 1996 Innehållsförteckning Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Sammanfattning ......................................................................................................................... 2 1 Inledning .................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Bakgrund .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Syfte ..................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Frågeställningar .................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Avgränsningar ..................................................................................................................... -
Using Replicated Execution for a More Secure and Reliable Web Browser
Using Replicated Execution for a More Secure and Reliable Web Browser Hui Xue Nathan Dautenhahn Samuel T. King University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign huixue2, dautenh1, kingst @uiuc.edu { } Abstract Unfortunately, hackers actively exploit these vulnerabil- ities as indicated in reports from the University of Wash- Modern web browsers are complex. They provide a ington [46], Microsoft [61], and Google [49, 48]. high-performance and rich computational environment Both industry and academia have improved the se- for web-based applications, but they are prone to nu- curity and reliability of web browsers. Current com- merous types of security vulnerabilities that attackers modity browsers make large strides towards improving actively exploit. However, because major browser plat- the security and reliability of plugins by using sandbox- forms differ in their implementations they rarely exhibit ing techniques to isolate plugins from the rest of the the same vulnerabilities. browser [62, 33]. However, these browsers still scatter In this paper we present Cocktail, a system that uses security logic throughout millions of lines of code, leav- three different off-the-shelf web browsers in parallel to ing these systems susceptible to browser-based attacks. provide replicated execution for withstanding browser- Current research efforts, like Tahoma [32], the OP web based attacks and improving browser reliability. Cock- browser [36], the Gazelle web browser [59], and the Illi- tail mirrors inputs to each replica and votes on browser nois Browser Operating System [58] all propose build- states and outputs to detect potential attacks, while con- ing new web browsers to improve security. Although tinuing to run. -
Opera Software the Best Browsing Experience on Any Device
Opera Software The best browsing experience on any device The best Internet experience on any device Web Standards for the Future – Bruce Lawson, Opera.com • Web Evangelist, Opera • Tech lead, Law Society & Solicitors Regulation Authority (2004-8) • Author 2 books on Web Standards, edited 2 • Committee member for British Standards Institution (BSI) for the new standard for accessible websites • Member of Web Standards Project: Accessibility Task Force • Member of W3C Mobile Best Practices Working Group Web Standards for the Future – Bruce Lawson, Opera.com B.A., Honours English Literature and Language with Drama Theresa is blind But she can use the Web if made with standards The big picture WWW The big picture Western Western Web A web (pre)history • 1989 TBL proposes a project • 1992 <img> in Mosaic beta. Now 99.57% (MAMA) • 1994 W3C started at MIT • 1996 The Browser Wars • 1999 WAP, Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) • 2000 Flash Modern web history • 2000-ish .com Crash - Time to grow up... • 2002 Opera Mobile with Small Screen Rendering • 2005 WHAT-WG founded, W3C Mobile Web Initiative starts • 2007 W3C adopts WHAT-WG spec as basis for HTML 5 • January 22, 2008 First public working draft of HTML 5 Standards at Opera • 25 employees work on standards • Mostly at W3C - a big player • Working on many standards • Bringing new work to W3C • Implementing Standards properly (us and you!) (Web Standards Curriculum www.opera.com/wsc) Why standards? The Web works everywhere - The Web is the platform • Good standards help developers: validate; separate content and presentation - means specialisation and maintainability. -
Using Property-Based Testing, Weighted Grammar-Based Generators and a Consensus Oracle to Test Browser Rendering Engines and To
USING PROPERTY-BASED TESTING, WEIGHTED GRAMMAR-BASED GENERATORS AND A CONSENSUS ORACLE TO TEST BROWSER RENDERING ENGINES AND TO REPRODUCE MINIMIZED VERSIONS OF EXISTING TEST CASES by JOEL DAVID MARTIN Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Arlington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT ARLINGTON December 2019 Supervising Committee: Farhad Kamangar, Supervising Professor David Levine, Supervising Professor Manfred Huber Gergley Zaruba Copyright by Joel David Martin 2019 The copyright of Chapter2 was transferred to the IEEE as part of publication in COMPSAC 2018 (\Property-Based Testing of Browser Rendering Engines with a Consensus Oracle") [1]. Please refer to the IEEE for information about licensing the content from Chapter2. Chapter3 is a manuscript that is intended for separated publication. All copyrights on Chapter3 are currently reserved to Joel Martin. The remainder of this work, excluding Chapter2 and Chapter3, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to the members of my Supervising Committee for their support and guidance. In particular, I would like to thank David Levine who spent many long hours with me discussing the research and helping with the numerous large and small details that were necessary to complete my thesis. Many thanks to my employer, Viasat, for the financial investment toward my education. Thank you to my supervisors at Viasat, Ingolf Krueger and Markus Kaltenbach, for their support and encouragement throughout my graduate education. I would like to apologize for the harm done to numerous figurative trees during the completion of this research. -
Early Life Influences on Emotional Reactivity
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 34 (2010) 808–820 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neubiorev Review Early life influences on emotional reactivity: Evidence that social enrichment has greater effects than handling on anxiety-like behaviors, neuroendocrine responses to stress and central BDNF levels Francesca Cirulli a,∗, Alessandra Berry a, Luca Tommaso Bonsignore a, Francesca Capone a, Ivana D’Andrea a, Luigi Aloe b, Igor Branchi a, Enrico Alleva a a Section of Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161, Rome, Italy b Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy article info abstract Keywords: During the early post-natal phases the brain is experience-seeking and provided by a considerable plas- Handling ticity which allows a fine tuning between the external environment and the developing organism. Since Communal rearing the early work of Seymour Levine, an impressive amount of research has clearly shown that stressful Corticosterone experiences exert powerful effects on the brain and body development. These effects can last throughout Behavior the entire life span influencing brain function and increasing the risk for depression and anxiety disor- Ultrasonic vocalizations Depression ders. The mechanisms underlying the effects of early stress on the developing organism have been widely Anxiety studied in rodents through experimental -
Deliverable D4.3: Navigation Demonstrator
TERESA - 611153 - FP7/2013-2016 Deliverable D4.3: Navigation Demonstrator Project Acronym: TERESA Project Full Title: Telepresence Reinforcement-Learning Social Agent Grant Agreement no. 611153 Due date: M36: November 2016 Delivery: November 30, 2016 Lead partner: UPO Dissemination level: Public Status: Submitted Version: v2.0 DOCUMENT INFO Date and Version Number Author Comments 01.11.2016 v0.1 Luis Merino Scheme 10.11.2016 v0.2 Noe Perez Macro actions and social nav- igation 14.11.2016 v0.3 Rafael Ramon Approach people section 22.11.2016 v0.4 Jesus Capitan Walking side by side section 25.11.2016 v1.0 UPO team First draft 28.11.2016 v1.1 Joao Messias Revision 30.11.2016 v2.0 UPO team Submitted Contents 1 Contributors . .7 2 Executive summary . .8 3 TERESA human-aware navigation stack . .9 3.1 Introduction . .9 3.2 Robot sensors for navigation . 10 3.3 The navigation stack architecture . 11 3.3.1 Behavior manager . 12 3.3.2 Architecture of navigation behaviors . 13 4 Social waypoint navigation . 16 4.1 Introduction . 16 4.2 Path planning . 16 4.3 Low-level control . 17 4.4 Learning social navigation . 17 4.4.1 Learning a RRT* cost function . 18 4.4.2 Features for social navigation . 21 4.4.3 Experimental results . 23 4.5 Navigation evaluation . 25 4.5.1 Benchmarking according to ERL-SR . 25 4.5.2 Social evaluation . 27 5 Yield........................................... 31 6 Approaching people . 33 6.1 Introduction . 33 6.2 GMMs for interaction modeling . 34 6.3 The reproduction planner . -
Internet Explorer 9 Features
m National Institute of Information Technologies NIIT White Paper On “What is New in Internet Explorer 9” Submitted by: Md. Yusuf Hasan Student ID: S093022200027 Year: 1st Quarter: 2nd Program: M.M.S Date - 08 June 2010 Dhaka - Bangladesh Internet Explorer History Abstract: In the early 90s—the dawn of history as far as the World Wide Web is concerned—relatively few users were communicating across this Internet Explorer 9 (abbreviated as IE9) is the upcoming global network. They used an assortment of shareware and other version of the Internet Explorer web browser from software for Microsoft Windows operating system. In 1995, Microsoft Microsoft. It is currently in development, but developer hosted an Internet Strategy Day and announced its commitment to adding Internet capabilities to all its products. In fulfillment of that previews have been released. announcement, Microsoft Internet Explorer arrived as both a graphical Web browser and the name for a set of technologies. IE9 will have complete or nearly complete support for all 1995: Internet Explorer 1.0: In July 1995, Microsoft released the CSS 3 selectors, border-radius CSS 3 property, faster Windows 95 operating system, which included built-in support for JavaScript and embedded ICC v2 or v4 color profiles dial-up networking and TCP/IP (Transmission Control support via Windows Color System. IE9 will feature Protocol/Internet Protocol), key technologies for connecting to the hardware accelerated graphics rendering using Direct2D, Internet. In response to the growing public interest in the Internet, Microsoft created an add-on to the operating system called Internet hardware accelerated text rendering using Direct Write, Explorer 1.0. -
A Conceptual Social Framework That Delivers KM Values to Corporate Organizations
EMSoD — A Conceptual Social Framework that Delivers KM Values to Corporate Organizations Christopher Adetunji, Leslie Carr Web Science Institute School of Electronics and Computer Science University of Southampton Southampton, England Email: fca6g14, [email protected] Abstract—As social software is becoming increasingly disruptive the Enterprise Mobility and Social [media] Data (EMSoD) to organizational structures and processes, Knowledge Manage- framework, our proposed conceptual social framework, with ment (KM) initiatives that have hitherto taken the form of a KM value at its core. We provide an overview of our previous ‘knowledge repository’ now need redefining. With the emergence work that culminates in an important measure of KM value of Social Media (SM) platforms like Twitter, the hierarchical — actionable knowledge — upon which a significant business boundaries within the organization are broken down and a lateral decision is made by a case study organization. This is un- flow of information is created. This has created a peculiar kind of tension between KM and SM, in which one is perceived as derpinned by the fact that the real essence of knowledge is its threatening the continued relevance of the other. Particularly, actionability, especially when it contributes to the advancement with the advances of social media and social software, KM is more of a proposed undertaking [3]. Measuring the value of such in need of delivering measurable value to corporate organizations, contributions has been one of the main issues of disagreement if it is to remain relevant in the strategic planning and positioning in Knowledge Management, which is why we devised a of organizations. In view of this, this paper presents EMSoD mechanism for measuring the KM value which our framework — Enterprise Mobility and Social Data — a conceptual social helps in delivering to corporate organizations. -
Designing and Implementing the OP and OP2 Web Browsers
Designing and Implementing the OP and OP2 Web Browsers CHRIS GRIER, SHUO TANG and SAMUEL T. KING, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Current web browsers are plagued with vulnerabilities, providing hackers with easy access to computer systems via browser-based attacks. Browser security efforts that retrofit existing browsers have had lim- ited success because the design of modern browsers is fundamentally flawed. To enable more secure web browsing, we design and implement a new browser, called the OP web browser, that attempts to improve the state-of-the-art in browser security. We combine operating system design principles with formal methods to design a more secure web browser by drawing on the expertise of both communities. Our design philosophy is to partition the browser into smaller subsystems and make all communication between subsystems sim- ple and explicit. At the core of our design is a small browser kernel that manages the browser subsystems and interposes on all communications between them to enforce our new browser security features. To show the utility of our browser architecture, we design and implement three novel security features. First, we develop flexible security policies that allow us to include browser plugins within our security framework. Second, we use formal methods to prove useful security properties including user interface invariants and browser security policy. Third, we design and implement a browser-level information-flow tracking system to enable post-mortem analysis of browser-based attacks. In addition to presenting the OP browser architecture, we discuss the design and implementation of a second version of OP, OP2, that includes features from other secure web browser designs to improve on the overall security and performance of OP. -
Growing up Online: Identity, Development and Agency in Networked Girlhoods
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2015 Growing Up Online: Identity, Development and Agency in Networked Girlhoods Claire M. Fontaine Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/923 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Growing Up Online: Identity, Development and Agency in Networked Girlhoods by Claire M. Fontaine A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Urban Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2015 2015 Claire M. Fontaine Some rights reserved. (See: Appendix A) This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Urban Education to satisfy the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Wendy Luttrell, PhD ________________________ ________________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Anthony Picciano, PhD Date Executive Officer Joan Greenbaum, PhD Ofelia García, PhD Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii Abstract Growing Up Online: Identity, Development and Agency in Networked Girlhoods by Claire M. Fontaine Advisor: Professor Wendy Luttrell Young women’s digital media practices unfold within a postfeminist media landscape dominated by rapidly circulating visual representations that often promote superficial readings of human value.