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KOCH, Arthur Richard, Jr., 1946- FLORIST ICS and ECOLOGY of ALGAE on SANDSTONE CLIFFS in EAST-CENTRAL and SOUTHEASTERN OHIO

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KOCH, Arthur Richard, Jr., 1946- FLORIST ICS and ECOLOGY of ALGAE on SANDSTONE CLIFFS in EAST-CENTRAL and SOUTHEASTERN OHIO 77-2432 KOCH, Arthur Richard, Jr., 1946- FLORIST ICS AND ECOLOGY OF ALGAE ON SANDSTONE CLIFFS IN EAST-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN OHIO. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 Botany Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 FLORISTICS AND ECOLOGY OF ALGAE ON SANDSTONE CLIFFS IN EAST-CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN OHIO DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Arthur Richard Koch, Jr., B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee: Approved By Clarence E. Taft H. P. Hostetter Emanuel D. Rudolph Adviser / Department of Botany ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am deeply grateful to Dr* Clarence E. Taft for his advice and encouragement throughout this investigation, and for his guidance of my studies for the past four years. I also acknowledge the many helpful suggestions of Dr* Donn C. Young in the initial planning of computer programs, the permission of the Ohio Department of Natural Resources to collect in the Hocking Hills State Parks, and the permission of the Ohio Historical Society to collect at Leo Petroglyph State Memorial. This study was aided by an Ohio Biological Survey Grant Finally, I thank my wife, Linda, for the many times in which she has helped me in the field, as well as in the prep aration of this manuscript. Her patience, love, and under­ standing have made the work expended in this study truly worthwhile. VITA February 2if, 1%6, • • Born— Schenectady, New York August, 1967 • • • • . B.S. (Botany), The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 1967-1968* •.. ....... National Science Foundation Trainee, Department of Botany and Microbiology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 1968-1970. • ••••• Peace Corps Volunteer Teacher, Malay College, Kuala Kangsar, Perak, West Malaysia 1971-1972. Graduate Teaching Assistant, Depart­ ment of Botany and Microbiology, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma^ and The University of Oklahoma Biological Station, Kingston, Oklahoma 1972-197 3 ........... Graduate Teaching Associate, Depart­ ment of Botany, The Ohio State Uni­ versity, Columbus, Ohio Summer, 1973 • . • • . Graduate Teaching Assistant, The University of Oklahoma Biological Station, Kingston, Oklahoma July, 1973 .......... M.S. (Botany-Plant Ecology) The Uni­ versity of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 1973-1975* ....•• Graduate Teaching Associate, Depart­ ment of Botany, The Ohio State Uni­ versity, Columbus, Ohio Fall, 1975 ...... Instructor (Introductory Limnology), Urbana College, Urbana, Ohio Spring, 1976 • • » • • Graduate Teaching Associate, Depart­ ment of Botany, The Ohio State Uni­ versity, Columbus, Ohio 1 iv PUBLICATIONS Some aspects of algal communities on selected leaf detritus in a spring-fed stream, Abst, Suppl, J, Phycol. 10: 21, 197*f. Species composition and relative biomass of algal communi­ ties on leaf detritus in a spring-fed stream. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 5^: 1£f-l9* with P. G, Risser. 197^* Diatoms, including salt-water taxa, from southwestern Oklahoma. Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci. 55s 11-13* 1975* Floristic and ecological studies of algal communities that occur on sandstone cliffs in southeastern Ohio. Abst. Suppl, J, Phycol. 12: 9 . 1976. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Botany Studies in Plant Ecology. Professor Paul G. Risser Studies in Phycology. Professor Clarence E. Taft v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION* ..................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................... .. iii VITA. ............ iv LIST OF TABLES......................... .......... viii LIST OF FIGURES .................. ix INTRODUCTION........................... .......... 1 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY SITES....................... Licking County Sites - Hanover Cliff • • • • • k Licking County Sites - Blackhand Gorge Cliff • 11 Hocking County Sites - Rock House Cliff. 11- Hocking County Sites - Ash Cave Cliff. .... 18 Jackson County Sites - Leo Petroglyph Cliffs • 32 Jackson County Sites - Stevenson*s Gorge Cliff 32 MATERIALS AND METHODS ........................... kk RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.......... ................. 50 Taxonomic, Floristic, and Life History Comments on Some Algae Found on Ohio Sandstone Cliffs . 50 Cyanophyta. ••••*••.*.•••.• 50 Chlorophyta ............... 5*f Bacillariophyta 71 Pyrrhophyta •••••••••..•••• 71 Other Algae ••••••••••*•».. 75 Microenvironmental Factors and the Distribution of Cliff Algae ............. ........ 80 Association Analysis ofAugust Collections 83 Association Analysis for Late March-Early April Collections ......... ••••• 97 Association Analysis of December Collections 103 Association Analysis of June Collections, 111 vi Page Association Analysis of October Collections 119 Association Analysis of February Collec­ tions • •••..••••••••••••• 12*f General Discussion........ ..••••••« o 129 CONCLUSIONS ......... .......... 136 APPENDICES ......................... 139 Appendix A. Occurrence of algal taxa'found'at study sites • ••••••••••• 1*f0 Appendix B. Algal taxa codes* ••••••••• 1*f5 Appendix C. Collection numbers, arranged by date and site ........... 1A-8 Appendix D. Occurrence of algal taxa in Febru-' ary collections •••••...•• 1^-9 Appendix E. Occurrence of algal taxa in Late‘ March-Early April collections . 152 Appendix F. Occurrence of algal taxa in June collections . * • 156 Appendix G. Occurrence of algal taxa in August collections ..••«..«•••• 161 Appendix H. Occurrence of algal taxa in October collections ............ 166 Appendix I. Occurrence of algal taxa in December collections •••••••••••• 171 Appendix J. Stands in association analysis sub­ groups, August, 1975. ••••••• 176 Appendix K. Stands in association analysis sub­ groups, late March-early April, 1975 177 Appendix L, Stands in association analysis sub­ groups, December, 1975. •»•••• 178 Appendix M. Stands in association analysis sub­ groups, June, 1975. ...*•••• 179 Appendix N. Stands in association analysis sub­ groups, October, 1975 .•••••• 180 LITERATURE CITED ............. 181 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Characteristics of moisture classes associated with cliff algal communities* • • • ^6 2 Temperature in plant masses at study sites • • Qk 3 Algae in collections from a vertical transect at the southeast-facing subsite at Hanover Cliff, August, 1975........................... 90 A Algae in collections from a vertical transect at the north-facing subsite at Rock House Cliff, August, 1975*............ 9 V 3 Algae in collections from a horizontal transect at the east-facing seepage runoff subsite at Ash Cave, December, 1975...........107 viii LIST OF FIGURES Map of Ohio with locations of cliffs studied* Licking County sites are (1) Hanover Cliff and (2) Blackhand Gorge Cliff; Hocking County sites are (3) Rock House Cliff and (if) Ash Cave Cliff; and Jackson County sites are (5) Leo Petroglyph Cliffs and (6 ) Stevenson’s Gorge Cliff.......... Portion of U.S.G.S. topographic map of Hanover Township in Licking County. The arrows indicate (1) south-facing and (2 ) southeast-facing sub­ sites of Hanover Cliff. ••••«•••••••• Photograph of the south-facing subsite at Hanover Cliff........................................... Photograph of the southeast-facing subsite at Hanover Cliff Portion of U.S.G.S. topographic map of the Licking River Gorge. The arrow indicates the location of Blackhand Gorge Cliff.. ••»•••• Photograph of the northwest-facing transect subsite at Blackhand Gorge Cliff. •••••».. Photograph of the north-facing transect subsite at Blackhand Gorge Cliff. •••••••••••• Portion of U.S.G.S. topographic map of Hocking County. The arrow indicates the location of Rock House Cliff.. ••••••.••••••••o.. Photograph of north-facing transect subsite at Rock House Cliff. •••••••••••••••• Photograph of north-facinjsubsite recessed into the Rock House Cliff........ ............... Photograph of the northeast-facing subsite at Rock House Cliff. •••••••••••••••• Fig. Page 12 Portion of U.S.G.S. topographic map of Hocking County. The arrow indicates the location of Ash Cave Cliff............. 23 13 Photograph of the east-facing honeycomb subsite at Ash Cave Cliff.. •••••••••••••• 23 14 Photograph of the east-facing seepage subsite associated with mosses and sheltered by a Sambucus bush at Ash Cave Cliff.. ....... 25 13 Photograph of east-facing subsite with a small pool of water at the base of a seepage area at Ash Cave Cliff. •••••••••••••••• 2o 16 Photograph of east-facing runoff area subsite at Ash Cave Cliff.. ••.••••••••••• 28 17 Photograph of the southeast-facing "Capitol” subsite at Ash Cave Cliff ••••••••••• 30 16 Portion of U.S.G.S. topographic map of Jackson County. Arrows indicate (1) the southwest- facing subsite immediately below the shelter, (2 ) the east-facing subsite at the bottom of the gorge below the shelter, and (3 ) the west- facing, seepage and conglomerate subsite at Leo Petroglyph Cliffs.. ...... ........ • 19 Photograph of the southwest-facing subsite located immediately below the shelter at Leo Petroglyph Cliffs.. •••••••••••••• 35 20 Photograph of the east-facing subsite at the bottom of the gorge below the shelter at Leo Petroglyph Cliffs ••••••••••••••• 35 21 Photograph of the west-facing seepage and conglomerate subsite at Leo Petroglyph Cliffs.. 37 22 Portion of U.S.G.S. topographic map of Jackson County. The arrow indicates the location of Stevenson's Gorge Cliff. •••••••..•• 39 23 Photograph of the northeast-facing subsite beneath the escarpment at Stevenson's Gorge Cliff........................................ 42 x Fig. Page 24 Photograph
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