Educational intervention to improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals regarding in South-South Nigeria A. O. Opadeyi, Annie Fourrier-Reglat, A. O. Isah

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A. O. Opadeyi, Annie Fourrier-Reglat, A. O. Isah. Educational intervention to improve the knowl- edge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals regarding pharmacovigilance in South-South Nigeria. Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, Sage Publications, 2019, 10, pp.2042098618816279. ￿10.1177/2042098618816279￿. ￿hal-03285323￿

HAL Id: hal-03285323 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03285323 Submitted on 13 Jul 2021

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. TAW0010.1177/2042098618816279Therapeutic Advances in Drug SafetyAO Opadeyi, A Fourrier-Réglat research-article8162792019

Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety Original Research

Ther Adv Drug Saf Educational intervention to improve 2019, Vol. 10: 1­–12

https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098618816279DOI: 10.1177/ the knowledge, attitude and practice https://doi.org/10.1177/20420986188162792042098618816279 © The Author(s), 2019. Article reuse guidelines: of healthcare professionals regarding sagepub.com/journals- pharmacovigilance in South-South Nigeria permissions

Abimbola O. Opadeyi , Annie Fourrier-Réglat and Ambrose O. Isah

Abstract Background: Our aim in this study was to evaluate the effect of a combined educational intervention and year-long monthly text message reinforcements via the Short Messaging System (SMS) on the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of healthcare professionals (HCPs) towards pharmacovigilance. Methods: Six randomly selected teaching hospitals in the South-South zone of Nigeria were randomized in 1:1 ratio into intervention and control groups. The educational intervention consisted of delivering a seminar followed by sending monthly texts message reinforcements via SMS over 12 months. Then a semi-structured questionnaire regarding the KAP of pharmacovigilance was completed by HCPs working in the hospitals after the intervention. Data was analysed descriptively and inferentially. Results: A total of 931 HCPs participated in the post intervention study (596 in the intervention and 335 in the control). The M:F ratio was 1:1.5. According to the KAP questionnaire, a

significant difference was observed between the intervention and control groups, regarding Correspondence to: knowledge of the types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). ADR resulting from pharmacological Abimbola O. Opadeyi Department of Clinical action of the drug (85.6% versus 77%, p = 0.001), the fact that ADRs can persist for a long Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of time; (60.1% versus 53.4%, p = 0.024) and a higher awareness of the ADR reporting form Benin, PMB 1151, Ugbowo (48.7% versus 18.8%, p < 0.001). Most respondents in the intervention group (68.5% versus Lagos Road, Benin-City, Edo State 300001, Nigeria 60.6%, p = 0.001) believed they should report ADRs even if they were unsure an ADR has [email protected] occurred, a greater proportion of HCPs from the intervention group had significantly observed Annie Fourrier-Réglat Pharmacoepidemiology, an ADR (82% versus 73.4%, p = 0.001). Furthermore, of the 188 who had ever reported an ADR, Université de Bordeaux, 41% from the intervention group used the national ADR reporting form compared with 19.8% Bordeaux, France Bordeaux PharmacoEpi, from the controls (p < 0.001). INSERM CIC1401, Bordeaux, France Conclusion: This educational intervention and the use of SMS as a reinforcement tool CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de appeared to have positively impacted on the knowledge and practice of pharmacovigilance santé publique, Bordeaux, France in South-South Nigeria with a less-than-impressive change in attitude. Continuous medical Ambrose O. Isah education may be required to effect long-lasting changes. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Benin, Benin-City, Keywords: adverse drug reaction reporting, attitude and practice, educational intervention, Nigeria Department of healthcare professionals, knowledge, Nigeria, pharmacovigilance, SMS Medicine, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-City, Nigeria Received: 30 May 2018; revised manuscript accepted: 8 November 2018. National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria Introduction medication errors, misuse of medicines, drug Abimbola O. Opadeyi The scope of pharmacovigilance has increased dependence, and lack of effectiveness, among Department of Medicine, 1 University of Benin over the years from reporting mainly adverse others. Product concerns have also been Teaching Hospital, Benin- drug reactions (ADRs) to reporting cases of expanded to include herbal medicines, biologics, City, Nigeria

journals.sagepub.com/home/taw 1 Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety 00(0)

and vaccines, as well as blood products.1 The In resource-constrained settings, interventional main form of reporting remains the spontaneous strategies which are easily delivered such as the method, which has been beset with the issue of use of the short messaging system (SMS) in send- under-recognition and under-reporting of ADRs, ing reminders may be useful for improving knowl- especially with the increased scope and newer edge of pharmacovigilance in HCPs.16,19 In product concerns.2 The scenario may be worse in Nigeria, mobile phone penetration is quite high Africa where the recognition of drug-related and no study has evaluated the impact of training events appears to be poor, as medicines are asso- and SMS monthly reinforcements on improving ciated only with the benefits they render and not the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) the harmful effects that may ensue from them.3 pertaining to pharmacovigilance, despite findings which suggest that increased awareness and train- Pharmacovigilance is an important and gradually ing may improve the practice of pharmacovigi- developing discipline in Nigeria that has been lance.13 In this study, we therefore set out to strengthened by the development of key policy evaluate the effect of a combined educational documents such as the National Drug Policy and seminar and year-long monthly SMS reinforce- recently, the National Pharmacovigilance ments on the KAP of pharmacovigilance of HCPs Policy.4,5 To encourage this growth, the National practising in the South-South zone. Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC) has been active by engaging the media to disseminate awareness to the general public, organizing pharmacovigi- Methods lance training to various cadres of healthcare pro- fessionals (HCPs) over the years and in different Setting tiers of institutions since joining the international The study was conducted in teaching hospitals that drug monitoring programme in 2004.6,7 The are tertiary care centres in the South-South geopo- growth of the pharmacovigilance system rests litical zone of Nigeria, located in the coastal region basically on the capacity development of the of Nigeria and home to abo