WATER SECURITY MONOGRAPH ISSUE 2

Co-funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union

Mykolaiv – Bristol 2021

Petro Mohyla National University, University of the West of England, United Kingdom

WATER SECURITY

MONOGRAPH

Issue 2

edited by Olena Mitryasova Chad Staddon

Publication prepared and funded under Erasmus+ Jean Monnet actions 597938-EPP-1-2018-1-UA-EPPJMO-MODULE

Mykolaiv – Bristol 2021

UDC 502.171:556] : 005.336.4 (100)

Reviewers: Piotr Koszelnik, DSc, Professor, Rector of the Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, ; Oleg Aleksandrowicz, DSc, Professor, Director of the Institute of Biology and Environment Protection, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Poland; Volodymyr Beglytsya, DSc, Professor, Vice-rector for scientific work of the Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Ukraine.

Approved for publication by the Academic Council of Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Ukraine (№4, 13.05.2021)

Water Security: Monograph. Issue 2. – Mykolaiv: PMBSNU – Bristol: UWE, 2021. – 444 p. Editors: prof. Olena Mitryasova & prof. Chad Staddon

ISBN 978-617-7421-74-9

The monograph is devoted to problems of water services economics and policy, water usage, sewerage, management, quality and pollution of waters, monitoring, measures to improve the state of water objects, quality of water, system and technology of sewage treatment. The monograph prepared and funded under Erasmus+ Jean Monnet actions 597938- EPP-1-2018-1-UA-EPPJMO-MODULE. The book is written for scientists, lecturers, postgraduate students, engineers and students who specialize in the field of environmental researches, where the object of study is water.

Publishers: Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Ukraine 10, 68-Desantnykiv St., Mykolaiv, 54003, Ukraine tel.: +380512765568 e-mail: [email protected]; http://www.chdu.edu.ua University of the West of England, United Kingdom Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK tel.: 01173283214 http://www.uwe.ac.uk

Printed by: FOP Shvets V.M. Certificate subject publishing MK №5078 from 01.04.2016

The authors of the sections are responsible for the reliability of the results. This project has been funded with support from the European Commission. This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot beheld responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. © Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, Ukraine, 2021 © University of the West of England, United Kingdom, 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or animated or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

Water Security, 2021, Issue 2

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF TRANSBOUNDARY SURFACE WATER BODIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BASIN)

DSc, Senior Research Fellow Roman Ponomarenko1 Prof., DSc. Leonid Plyatsuk2 Prof., DSc. Oleg Tretyakov3 PhD. Eugene Ivanov1 1National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine, Ukraine, [email protected] 2 Sumy State University, Ukraine, [email protected] 3 Ipris-Profile LLC, Ukraine, [email protected] ABSTRACT The article analyzes the changes in the ecological status of the water of the Dnieper basin and identifies the possible causes of this phenomenon, as well as possible ways to improve its ecological status. The change in the ecological status of surface water was determine d by carrying out a retrospective analysis of the monitoring data and environmental assessment of the water resources of Ukraine by the State Water Resources Agency of Ukraine for the period 2010-2019. The retrospective analysis was conducted according to the data of the water abstraction control within the framework of the Dnieper Basin Water Resources Management, according to 14 fence posts, taking into account the requirements of the State Standard of Ukraine 4808: 2007. Keywords: Dnieper basin, ecological status, anthropogenic load, quality assessment, ecological improvement. INTRODUCTION In Ukraine, almost 80% of the population is supplied with drinking water from surface sources, in particular, almost 75% – from the Dnieper. The Dnieper is the third largest river in (after the and the Danube). The Dnieper is a transboundary watercourse: 20% of the river basin is located in the territory of the Russian Federation, 23% – in the Republic of and 57% – in Ukraine. The Dnieper River is the main waterway of Ukraine, its water resources make up more than 60% of all water resources of the country. The total area of the Dnieper basin is 504 thousand km2, of which 286 thousand km2 is located within Ukraine in its most economically developed part. 80% of the land area of Ukraine is fed by the waters of the Dnieper through irrigation and watering systems. The main problems of surface waters of the Dnieper basin at this time are: high pollution of the shores; construction of coastal protection strips; deterioration of hydraulic structures, which threatens accidents and pollution of water bodies; excessive overgrowing of water area with aquatic vegetation; drainage of rainwater drainage almost without cleaning; discharge of untreated municipal wastewater from apartments that are not connected to the centralized sewerage system; weakening

289 Water Security, 2021, Issue 2 of state control over environmental offenses; inefficient water monitoring system; imperfection of the existing system of public administration in the field of use, protection and restoration of water resources, lack of clear delineation of functions; non–full use of domestic scientific innovations in the field of biochemistry. METHODS AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES

Assessment of water quality was carried out taking into account the indicators: BOC5 and O2 as 2− – +. mandatory, and others – by the highest ratios to the MPC from the list: SO4 , Сl , COD, NH4 , – – 3– 2+ 2+ 2+ 6+ 2+ 3+ 2+ 2+ 3+ NO2 , NO3 , PO4 , Fe total, Мn , Cu , Zn , Cr , Ni , Al , Pb , Hg , As , synthetic surfactants. Determination of the change in the quality of the Dnieper water was carried out taking into account the change in the content of normalized parameters: the sum of anions (NO2, – 2− 3– – NO3 , SO4 , PO4 , Сl ), converted to molar mass, in order to level the difference between the masses of different atomic anions; dissolved oxygen in water; biochemical oxygen consumption 3– + (BOC5); phosphates PO4 nitrites, nitrates, as well as ammonium NH4 . Assessment of changes in the composition of surface water was performed by retrospective analysis of monitoring data and environmental assessment of water resources of Ukraine of the State Agency of Water Resources of Ukraine for the period from January 2010 to January 2019. A retrospective analysis of water quality was conducted according to the samples of control water intake of the Dnieper River within the Basin Water Resources Management at 14 posts (Fig. 1): post 1: Sozh River, 32 km, p. St. Yarilovichi, Ripkin district (border with Belarus); post 2: , 1116 km, village Kamyanka, below the village, Ripky district (border with Belarus)); post 3: Uzh river, 15 km, village Cherevach, drinking in / from Chernobyl; post 4: Dnipro, 897 km, Vyshhorod, n / b HPP, drinking water in Kyiv; post 5: Dnipro river, 833 km, Ukrainka town, below the town, above the Bila Tserkva-Uman water supply system; post 6: Dnipro, 678 km, c. Sokirne, drinking in / from ; post 7: Dnipro, 580 km, village V