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Design and Implementation of Single Frequency Networks (SFN)

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Design and Implementation of Single Frequency Networks (SFN) Report ITU-R BT.2386-0 (07/2015) Digital terrestrial broadcasting: Design and implementation of single frequency networks (SFN) BT Series Broadcasting service (television) ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2386-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R BT.2386-0 1 REPORT ITU-R BT.2386-0 Digital terrestrial broadcasting: Design and implementation of single frequency networks (SFN) (2015) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Abstract .................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. 5 Part 1 1 Definition and characteristics of single frequency networks.......................................... 8 1.1 Definition of single frequency networks ............................................................ 8 1.2 Benefits of single frequency networks ............................................................... 8 1.3 Requirements and limitations of single frequency networks .............................. 9 1.4 Type of SFN ....................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Consideration of network structures for SFN ..................................................... 10 1.6 Classification of transmitting stations ................................................................ 12 1.7 Spectrum utilization ............................................................................................ 12 2 Coverage criteria ............................................................................................................. 12 2.1 Reception modes ................................................................................................. 12 2.2 Pixel coverage, area coverage, population coverage .......................................... 13 2.3 Full area vs. partial coverage .............................................................................. 14 3 Layer definition .............................................................................................................. 15 4 Broadcasters’ requirements ............................................................................................ 15 4.1 Service area requirements ................................................................................... 15 4.2 Coverage requirements ....................................................................................... 15 4.3 Operational/Network requirements..................................................................... 16 5 Implementation of the transmitter network .................................................................... 17 5.1 Coordination ....................................................................................................... 17 5.2 Conformity with the Plan Entry .......................................................................... 17 5.3 Self interference .................................................................................................. 17 5.4 Transmitter synchronisation ............................................................................... 17 5.5 Frequency synchronisation ................................................................................. 17 2 Rep. ITU-R BT.2386-0 5.6 Timing synchronisation ...................................................................................... 18 5.7 Effect of synchronisation loss ............................................................................. 18 Part 2 1 Multipath capability of DVB-T, DVB-T2 and T-DAB .................................................. 19 1.1 General ................................................................................................................ 19 1.2 Inter-symbol interference .................................................................................... 19 1.3 Guard interval ..................................................................................................... 20 1.4 Contributing and interfering signal components with inter-symbol interference ............................................................................................................................ 22 2 FFT-window synchronisation ......................................................................................... 25 2.1 General ................................................................................................................ 25 2.2 Synchronisation strategies .................................................................................. 27 2.3 Strongest signal ................................................................................................... 27 2.4 First signal above a threshold level .................................................................... 28 2.5 Centre of gravity ................................................................................................. 29 2.6 Quasi-optimal ..................................................................................................... 30 s2.7 Maximum C/I ...................................................................................................... 30 3 Site selection and management ....................................................................................... 31 4 Coverage and interference management ......................................................................... 32 4.1 General ................................................................................................................ 32 4.2 Wanted coverage prediction ............................................................................... 32 4.3 Out-going interference management .................................................................. 33 5 Post implementation of the network ............................................................................... 34 5.1 Network coverage and improvement .................................................................. 34 5.2 Network problems .............................................................................................. 34 6 Impact of DVB-T parameters on SFN performance ...................................................... 34 6.1 Constellation ....................................................................................................... 34 6.2 Code rate ............................................................................................................. 35 6.3 2k/8k FFT ........................................................................................................... 35 6.4 Guard interval ..................................................................................................... 35 6.5 Data rate versus guard interval ........................................................................... 38 Rep. ITU-R BT.2386-0 3 7 Distribution networks for SFNs ...................................................................................... 40 7.1 DVB-T Sat-fed in Italy ....................................................................................... 40 7.2 DVB-T signal distribution in France .................................................................. 42 7.3 Distribution of DVB-T/T2 data to the transmitters using IP in Sweden ............ 43 8 DVB-T case studies ........................................................................................................ 44 8.1 National DVB-T SFN deployment in Italy ......................................................... 44 9 Overview .......................................................................................................................
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