DOCSLIB.ORG

Skyrmion Deformation in Finite Nuclei

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Skyrmion Deformation in Finite Nuclei Section I. Particles and Nuclei optimization of the basis) results in more high precision at essentially less dimensions of the basis in comparison with the known calculations [1] in traditional approach In addition to the energies and r.m.s radii, the density distributions, formfactors, pair correlation functions and momentum distributions are analyzed for three and four nucleons with a number of commonly used interaction potentials (Minnesota, Afnan-Tang. F.ikemeier-Haekenbroich etc.) as well as with our version of potential K2 [2] with small repulsion at short distances. Comparison of the results is carried out, and the convergence with the basis dimension increase is analyzed in the cases of spinless approximation [2,3] for the nuclear interaction potential, isospin representation with spin-dependent potentials, and the approach without use of the isospin quantum number. We find the hierarchy of configurations for symmetric and asymmetric (with respect to permutation o\" identical particles) wave function components with the increase of the basis dimension, and it is shown for the optimal choice of the basis functions that each of the involved asymmetric Gaussian component needs a few (about 3) symmetric ones to be involved into consideration because of their dominant role Due to the essential deer ase of the number of equations in comparison with that in traditional approaches, precise study of nuclei containing up to six nucleons with central exchange NN-potentials becoues possible. The minimum number of equations in our approach as well as the optimization schemes for constructing the optimal basis gives a possibility to present the results of precise calculations in the form of a short list of parameters of the explicit wave function (in Gaussian representation) which can be directly used by other researches for studying the processes with the nuclei *H, 'He and ''He involved References 1. K.Varga, Y.Suzuki. Phys Rev.C v 52, JVs 6, 1995, p 2885-2905 2. B.E.Grinyuk, l.V.Simenog Ukr.J Phys, v 45 JVsl, 2000, p.2l-3O. 3. B E Grinyuk, l.V.Simenog. Ukr.J Phys , v 45, JV«4-5, 2000, p.625-633. UZ0201734 SKYRMION DEFORMATION IN FINITE NUCLEI Vaklisliicv IJ.T. theoretical Physics Department ami Institute of Applied Physics National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The possible modification of nucleon properties in the nuclear medium is currently a much discussed topic in low energy hadron physics. One way to consider such problems is to describe the nucleon as a topological soliton and then study the influence of baryonic matter on the properties of such solitons, making use of the independent panicle picture which has been so successful I in describing many properties of nuclei. There exist already some works where nucleons described as Skyrme-type solitons embedded in infinite nuclear matter have been considered [1,2]. The results of these studies were in qualitative agreement with experimental indications and with results of other authors using different approaches. On the quantitative level, however, there is a too large renormalization of the nucleons' effective mass in nuclear matter. The quantitative value of this renonnalization is about 40% for the normal nuclear matter density. It is therefore difficult to relate this modification of the nucleon self-energy in the medium to the nucleon mass in free space because such 111 Section I. Panicles ;tnd Nuclei calculations consider only the special case when a nucleon is placed in the center of U\e heavy nucleus. The infinite nuclear matter approach allows one only to consider properties of nucleons placed near the center of heavy nuclei where the density is constant. One can expect that taking into account nonspherical effects, i.e. deformation of the skyrmion in the finite nucleus, would improve the results also on the quantitative level Density changes play an important role when the nucleon is placed at sufficiently large distances from the center of nucleus. Some approach to deformation of the interacting two skyrmions in the Skyrme model has been made in the work [3], where changes in the nucleon shape are investigated by letting the nucleon to deform under the strong interactions with another nucleon. On the other hand, rotational and vibrational excitations of deformed skyrmions also have been considered for baryon number equal to one (B--I) system [4). In the number of works [5] effort has been made to investigate the axially .symmetric lew skyrmionic (B>1) systems, because of spherically symmetric configurations in the skyrme model do not give bound skyrmionic systems [6] even if the solutions of the model in the finite nuclei have been considered [7]. In the present work we consider properties o\' the deformed nucleon embedded into medium —heavy and heavy finite nuclei. Deformation effects are introduced by the distortion of the profile function of chira! field under the action of the external field (which parametrizes the baryonic density within a given nucleus). Wi; calculate modifications of nucleon properties in finite nuclei Their dependence on the distance between the centers of the skyrmion under consideration and the nucleus will be considered. 1. A.M. Rakhimov, MM. Musakhanov, F.O. Khanna and U.T. Yakhshiev, Phys. Rev C58, 1738(1998). 2. A.M. Rakhimov, F.C. Khanna, U.T. Yakhshiev, MM Musakhanov, Nucl Phys. A643, 383 (1998); M. Musakhanov, A. Rakhimov, U Yakhshiev, Z. Kanokov. Phys. Atom. Nucl. (Russ. J. Nucl. Phys.) 62, 1988 (1999) 3. A. Rakhimov, T. Okazaki, MM. Musakhanov, h". Khanna, Phys Lett B378, 12(1996). 4. C. Hajduk, B. Schwesinger, Phys. Lett B378. 171 (1984), C Hajduk, B Schwesinger, Nucl. Phys A453, 620 (1986). 5 V B Kopeliovich, BE. Stem, Sov. J. Jl-TP Lett 45, 165 (1987); V A Nikolaev, Sov. J. Part Nucl. 20, 40! (1989), T Kurihara, II Kanada, T. Otofuji, S. Sailo, Prog. Theor. Phys. 81, 858(1989). 6. E.B Bogomolniy, V.A. Fateev, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 37, 228 (1983)., 7. U.I. Yakhshiev, N.A.Taylanov, Uzb. J. Phys. 2, 114 (2000). UZ0201735 A STUDY OF THE NIICLEON TRANSFER REACTIONS ON BORON NUCLEI 'Burtebaev N., 'Baklybaev M.K., 'Duysebacv B.A., 'Blccliman A. ML, 'Basybekov K.B. 2Arten»ov S.V., 2Kayumov M. A., 2hlarakhodzacv A.A., 2Radyuk G.A., 2Ynklashev B.S., 2Zaparov E.A. •'institute of Nuclear Physics NNC RK, Ahmtly, Kazakhstan Institute of Nuclear Physics I Izhekistan Academy of Science, Tashkent, Uzbekistan The differential cross sections of the nucleon transfer reactions on 10B and UB nuclei are measured on alpha and deuteron beams of the 150-cm isochronous cyclotron of the National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Almaty) at energies Eu - 50.5 MeV and A',.* - 25 MeV The analysis of experimental differential cross sections was performed by.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chiral Magnetism: a Geometric Perspective
    SciPost Phys. 10, 078 (2021) Chiral magnetism: a geometric perspective Daniel Hill1, Valeriy Slastikov2 and Oleg Tchernyshyov1? 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Quantum Matter, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA 2 School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, UK ? [email protected] Abstract We discuss a geometric perspective on chiral ferromagnetism. Much like gravity be- comes the effect of spacetime curvature in theory of relativity, the Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction arises in a Heisenberg model with nontrivial spin parallel transport. The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vectors serve as a background SO(3) gauge field. In 2 spatial di- mensions, the model is partly solvable when an applied magnetic field matches the gauge curvature. At this special point, solutions to the Bogomolny equation are exact excited states of the model. We construct a variational ground state in the form of a skyrmion crystal and confirm its viability by Monte Carlo simulations. The geometric perspective offers insights into important problems in magnetism, e.g., conservation of spin current in the presence of chiral interactions. Copyright D. Hill et al. Received 15-01-2021 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Accepted 25-03-2021 Check for Attribution 4.0 International License. Published 29-03-2021 updates Published by the SciPost Foundation. doi:10.21468/SciPostPhys.10.3.078 Contents 1 Introduction2 1.1 The specific problem: the skyrmion crystal2 1.2 The broader impact: geometrization of chiral magnetism3 2 Chiral magnetism: a geometric perspective4 2.1 Spin vectors4 2.2 Local rotations and the SO(3) gauge field5 2.3 Spin parallel transport and curvature5 2.4 Gauged Heisenberg model6 2.5 Spin conservation7 2.5.1 Pure Heisenberg model7 2.5.2 Gauged Heisenberg model8 2.6 Historical note9 3 Skyrmion crystal in a two-dimensional chiral ferromagnet9 3.1 Bogomolny states in the pure Heisenberg model 10 3.2 Bogomolny states in the gauged Heisenberg model 11 3.2.1 False vacuum 12 1 SciPost Phys.
    [Show full text]
  • Skyrmions in Composite Higgs Models in QCD
    The skyrmion Skyrmions in Composite Higgs Models in QCD Topology of composite Higgs models Marc Gillioz An example: the littlest Higgs model Relic density August 29, 2011 based on arXiv:1012.5288 and arXiv:1103.5990, in collaboration with Andreas von Manteuffel, Pedro Schwaller and Daniel Wyler 1/18 Marc Gillioz, Zurich PhD seminar 2011 Introduction SM ATLAS Preliminary CLs Limits σ / SM CMS Preliminary, s = 7 TeV The skyrmion σ Observed Observed σ -1 / Combined, L = 1.1-1.7 fb Expected ± 1σ int in QCD Expected σ ∫ Ldt = 1.0-2.3 fb-1 10 Expected ± 2σ 10 ± 1 σ LEP excluded Topology of ± 2 σ s = 7 TeV Tevatron excluded composite Higgs models 95% CL Limit on on Limit CL 95% 1 1 An example: limit on 95% CL the littlest Higgs model -1 Relic density 10 200 300 400 500 600 100 200 300 400 500 600 mH [GeV] Higgs boson mass (GeV/c2) Atlas collaboration (Lepton-Photon 2011) CMS collaboration (Lepton-Photon 2011) LHC data (and indirect evidence from previous experiments) points towards a light Higgs in the mass range 100–150 GeV. 2/18 Marc Gillioz, Zurich PhD seminar 2011 Introduction Any new physics above this scale contributes to The skyrmion in QCD the Higgs mass through radiative corrections. Topology of composite Higgs models need for a symmetry to protect it: An example: ⇒ the littlest Higgs model 1 SUSY: requires the introduction of a superpartner for each Relic density SM field. 2 Composite Higgs: the Higgs is a bound state of fermions from some strongly interacting sector, and it is light since it arises as a pseudo-Goldstone boson technicolor, little Higgs, holographic models, ..
    [Show full text]
  • A Simple Mass-Splitting Mechanism in the Skyrme Model
    A simple mass-splitting mechanism in the Skyrme model J.M. Speight∗ School of Mathematics, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT, England April 2, 2018 Abstract It is shown that the addition of a single chiral symmetry breaking term to the standard !-meson variant of the nuclear Skyrme model can reproduce the proton-neutron mass difference. 1 Introduction The Skyrme model [9] is a nonlinear sigma model whose perturbative quanta are interpreted as pions and whose topological solitons are interpreted as nucleons. At the classical level, there is no difference between protons and neutrons in this model; the distinction only emerges after quantization of the internal rotational degrees of freedom enjoyed by the static soliton, and is determined, roughly speaking, by the sense (clockwise or anticlockwise) of internal rotation. It is clear, therefore, that in order to account for the slight mass difference between the neutron and the proton (mn = 939:56563 MeV, mp = 938:27231 MeV), the model's action must contain a small term which breaks time reversal symmetry, so that \clockwise" and \anticlockwise" internal rotation are dynamically inequivalent. Devising such a term, while maintaining Lorentz and parity invariance, does not seem to be possible in any version of the model containing only pion fields. It should be noted that adding electromagnetic effects to arXiv:1803.11216v1 [hep-th] 29 Mar 2018 the usual Skyrme model has precisely the opposite effect to the one desired: unsurprisingly, Coulomb repulsion renders the proton heavier than the neutron [3]. As has been long known, the proton-neutron mass splitting can be accommodated if one extends the model to include coupled vector mesons [5].
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Progress on Dense Nuclear Matter in Skyrmion Approaches Yong-Liang Ma, Mannque Rho
    Recent progress on dense nuclear matter in skyrmion approaches Yong-Liang Ma, Mannque Rho To cite this version: Yong-Liang Ma, Mannque Rho. Recent progress on dense nuclear matter in skyrmion approaches. SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2017, 60, pp.032001. 10.1007/s11433-016-0497- 2. cea-01491871 HAL Id: cea-01491871 https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01491871 Submitted on 17 Mar 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. SCIENCE CHINA Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy . Invited Review . Month 2016 Vol. *** No. ***: ****** doi: ******** Recent progress on dense nuclear matter in skyrmion approaches Yong-Liang Ma1 & Mannque Rho2 1Center of Theoretical Physics and College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; Email:[email protected] 2Institut de Physique Th´eorique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette c´edex, France; Email:[email protected] The Skyrme model provides a novel unified approach to nuclear physics. In this approach, single baryon, baryonic matter and medium-modified hadron properties are treated on the same footing. Intrinsic density dependence (IDD) reflecting the change of vacuum by compressed baryonic matter figures naturally in the approach. In this article, we review the recent progress on accessing dense nuclear matter by putting baryons treated as solitons, namely, skyrmions, on crystal lattice with accents on the implications in compact stars.
    [Show full text]
  • Skyrmion Flow Near Room Temperature in an Ultralow Current Density
    ARTICLE Received 16 Apr 2012 | Accepted 5 Jul 2012 | Published 7 Aug 2012 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1990 Skyrmion flow near room temperature in an ultralow current density X.Z. Yu1, N. Kanazawa2, W.Z. Zhang3, T. Nagai3, T. Hara3, K. Kimoto3, Y. Matsui3, Y. Onose2,4 & Y. Tokura1,2,4 The manipulation of spin textures with electric currents is an important challenge in the field of spintronics. Many attempts have been made to electrically drive magnetic domain walls in ferromagnets, yet the necessary current density remains quite high (~107 A cm − 2). A recent neutron study combining Hall effect measurements has shown that an ultralow current density of J~102 A cm − 2 can trigger the rotational and translational motion of the skyrmion lattice in MnSi, a helimagnet, within a narrow temperature range. Raising the temperature range in which skyrmions are stable and reducing the current required to drive them are therefore desirable objectives. Here we demonstrate near-room-temperature motion of skyrmions driven by electrical currents in a microdevice composed of the helimagnet FeGe, by using in-situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. The rotational and translational motions of skyrmion crystal begin under critical current densities far below 100 A cm − 2. 1 Correlated Electron Research Group (CERG) and Cross-Correlated Materials Research Group (CMRG), RIKEN-ASI, Wako 351-0198, Japan. 2 Department of Applied Physics and Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. 3 National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan. 4 Multiferroics Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesons, Baryons and Waves in the Baby Skyrmion Model 1. Introduction
    DTP-96/17 November 28, 1996 Mesons, Baryons and Waves in the Baby Skyrmion Mo del 1 A. Kudryavtsev B. Piette, and W.J. Zakrzewski Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, England 1 also at ITEP, Moscow, Russia E-Mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT We study various classical solutions of the baby-Skyrmion mo del in (2 + 1) dimen- sions. We p oint out the existence of higher energy states interpret them as resonances of Skyrmions and anti-Skyrmions and study their decays. Most of the discussion in- volves a highly exited Skyrmion-like state with winding numb er one which decays into an ordinary Skyrmion and a Skyrmion-anti-Skyrmion pair. We also study wave-like solutions of the mo del and show that some of such solutions can b e constructed from the solutions of the sine-Gordon equation. We also show that the baby-Skyrmion has non-top ological stationary solutions. We study their interactions with Skyrmions. 1. Intro duction. In previous pap ers bytwo of us (BP and WJZ) [1-3] some hedgehog-like solutions of the so called baby-Skyrmion mo del were studied. It was shown there that the mo del has soliton-like top ologically stable static solutions (called baby-Skyrmions) and that these solitons can form b ound states. The interaction b etween the solitons was studied in detail and it was shown that the long distance force between 2 baby-Skyrmions dep ends on their relative orientation.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Large Nc Relation As a Probe of Skyrmions and Their Holographic
    Tests of Universality of Baryon Form Factors In Holographic QCD A. Cherman, T.D. Cohen, M. Nielsen, PRL103(09) Univ. of Maryland and Univ. of Sao Paulo Low x Meeting, September 2009 QCD: strong-coupled theory AdS/QCD models: successful at reproducing low energy hadronic observables • two classes of AdS/QCD models Top-down models: Botton-up models: arise from sting theory QCD large Nc dual to a classical 5D theory D4/D8 system gauge theory confining as QCD field content 5D matched AdS/CFT requires large Nc to low energy chiral and ´t Hooft coupling symmetry of QCD Both cases: large Nc is required QCD is a weakly-interacting theory of long -lived mesons in the • ‘t Hooft, 1973 large Nc limit. • In the large Nc limit, baryons are ‘soliton -like’ configurations of meson fields. Witten, 1979 1 • Baryon masses scale as Nc (composed of Nc quarks), 1/2 interactions with mesons scale as Nc . • Unlike mesons, baryons are not narrow at large Nc. • Nucleons, deltas, become degenerate. Mass splitting -1 scales as Nc . • In contrast to the pure meson sector, meson loops make leading order contributions to baryon properties at large Nc. • Variety of baryon models (Skyrme models) use large Nc properties of baryons for inspiration. Skyrme, 1961 • Baryons modeled as quantum states of slowly rotating Adkins, Nappi, hedgehog Skyrmions of meson fields. Witten, 1983 Dashen, Manohar, Jenkins,1993-95 Model-independent relations for baryons valid at large Nc • Goldberger-Treiman relation: • Relation is model-indepedent, and follows from chiral symmetry. • Nucleon and delta couplings with pions are related by • • This relation follows just from the large Nc limit • New model-independent relation: • Ratio of nucleon form factors in position space, evaluated at large distances: • Relation depends on both the large Nc and chiral limits.
    [Show full text]
  • Nucleon-Antinucleon Interaction from the Skyrme Model: II
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server Nucleon-Antinucleon Interaction from the Skyrme Model: II Yang Lu, Pavlos Protopapas and R. D. Amado Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 September 13, 1997 Abstract We calculate the full static interaction of a Skyrmion and an anti-Skyrmion as a function of separation and relative grooming. From this, using projection methods and Born-Oppenheimer mixing, we obtain the nucleon antinucleon interaction. We find agreement with the major features of the empirical interaction including the strong central attraction and the sharp onset of annihilation at about 1 fm. 1 Introduction Making a theory of low energy nucleon-antinucleon annihilation from the entrance channel through to the annihilation products presents a daunting challenge. An exact QCD based calculation of the process is beyond our present analytical understanding and our computational resources. We are left then with either abandoning the problem or using some approximate or effective theory. Such a theory must include an account of the nature of the nucleon and the antinucleon, in order to describe annihilation, as well as containing a description of their interaction. The theory should also have its roots in QCD. The only such effective theory of annihilation that contains the requisite ingredients and gives hope of being tractable is based on the Skyrme model [1]. This models QCD in the classical or large number of colors (NC ) limit and at long distances or low momentum [2, 3]. Sommermann et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Defect Characterization and Testing of Skyrmion-Based Logic Circuits Ziqi Zhou, Ujjwal Guin, Peng Li, and Vishwani D
    Defect Characterization and Testing of Skyrmion-Based Logic Circuits Ziqi Zhou, Ujjwal Guin, Peng Li, and Vishwani D. Agrawal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University, AL, USA fziqi.zhou, ujjwal.guin, peng.li, [email protected] Abstract—Magnetic skyrmion is an emerging digital technology didate for a beyond CMOS technology. We believe a significant that provides ultra-high integration density and requires ultra- amount of work is still necessary to make these devices feasible low energy. Skyrmion is a magnetic pattern behaving like a stable for commercial applications. To the best of our knowledge, little pseudoparticle, created by a transverse current injection in ferro- magnetic thin film. The state of a logic signal is represented by the is available on their testing [25]. In manufacturing, a wide variety presence (logic-1) or absence (logic-0) of a single skyrmion. Pat- of defects may occur, and finding tests for them is often imprac- terns on ferromagnetic and metal films form interconnects, called tical. Thus, modeled faults serve as the basis for tests, and their nanotracks, through which electric currents move skyrmions. coverage measures the effectiveness of tests in detecting the manu- Because skyrmion-based logic gates (e.g., AND, OR, inverter, and facturing defects. Main contributions of this paper are as follows: fanout) operate through skyrmion-to-skyrmion interaction, their logic circuit implementation and manufacturing defects differ • Defect characterization: As technology-specific defects, we from those of CMOS circuits. We examine breaks and bridges examine breaks, extra material, etching blemishes, bridges in nanotrack interconnects, and 19 technology-specific defects in among interconnects, and a set of 19 physical defects in skyrmion gate structures.
    [Show full text]
  • Skyrmion Crystals in Centrosymmetric Itinerant Magnets Without Horizontal Mirror Plane Ryota Yambe1,2* & Satoru Hayami2
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Skyrmion crystals in centrosymmetric itinerant magnets without horizontal mirror plane Ryota Yambe1,2* & Satoru Hayami2 We theoretically investigate a new stabilization mechanism of a skyrmion crystal (SkX) in centrosymmetric itinerant magnets with magnetic anisotropy. By considering a trigonal crystal system without the horizontal mirror plane, we derive an efective spin model with an anisotropic Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) interaction for a multi-band periodic Anderson model. We fnd that the anisotropic RKKY interaction gives rise to two distinct SkXs with diferent skyrmion numbers of one and two depending on a magnetic feld. We also clarify that a phase arising from the multiple-Q spin density waves becomes a control parameter for a feld-induced topological phase transition between the SkXs. The mechanism will be useful not only for understanding the SkXs, such as that in Gd2PdSi3 , but also for exploring further skyrmion-hosting materials in trigonal itinerant magnets. A magnetic skyrmion, which is characterized by a topologically nontrivial spin texture1–3, has been extensively studied in condensed matter physics since the discovery of the skyrmion crystal (SkX) in chiral magnets 4–6. Te SkX exhibits a nonzero topological winding number called the skyrmion number Nsk , which is defned as Nsk R �R/4π , where R is a skyrmion density related to the solid angle consisting of three spins Si , Sj , = 7 and S on the triangle R: tan (�R/2) Si (Sj S )/(1 Si Sj Sj S S Si) . Te study of the SkX has k = · × k + · + · k + k · attracted much attention, as the swirling topological magnetic texture owing to nonzero Nsk gives rise to an emergent electromagnetic feld through the spin Berry phase and results in intriguing transport phenomena and dynamics8–12, such as the topological Hall efect13,14 and the skyrmion Hall efect15,16.
    [Show full text]
  • Optical Skyrmions in Evanescent Electromagnetic Fields S
    Optical skyrmions in evanescent electromagnetic fields S. Tsesses1, E. Ostrovsky1, K. Cohen1, B. Gjonaj2, N. Lindner3, G. Bartal1* 1 Andrew and Erna Viterbi Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel. 2 Faculty of Medical Sciences, Albanian University, Durrës st., Tirana 1000, Albania. 3 Physics Department, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel. *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract: Topological defects play a key role in a variety of physical systems, ranging from high- energy to solid state physics. They yield fascinating emergent phenomena and serve as a bridge between the microspic and macroscopic world. A skyrmion is a unique type of topological defect, showing great promise for applications in the fields of magnetic storage and spintronics. Here, we discover and observe optical skyrmion lattices that can be easily created and controlled, while illustrating their robustness to imperfections. Optical skyrmions are experimentally demonstrated by interfering surface plasmon polaritons and are measured via phase-resolved near-field optical microscopy. This discovery could give rise to new physical phenomena involving skyrmions and exclusive to photonic systems; open up new possibilities for inducing skyrmions in material systems through light-matter interactions; and enable applications in optical information processing, transfer and storage. One Sentence Summary: An optical skyrmion lattice is theoretically discovered and experimentally observed. Topological defects are field configurations which cannot be deformed to a standard, smooth shape. They are at the core of many fascinating phenomena in hydrodynamics (1), aerodynamics (2), exotic phases of matter (3–5), cosmology (6) and optics (7) and, in many cases, are of importance to practical applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Filming the Formation and Fluctuation of Skyrmion Domains by Cryo-Lorentz Transmission Electron Microscopy
    Filming the formation and fluctuation of skyrmion domains by cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy Jayaraman Rajeswaria,1, Ping Huangb,1, Giulia Fulvia Mancinia, Yoshie Murookaa, Tatiana Latychevskaiac, Damien McGroutherd, Marco Cantonie, Edoardo Baldinia, Jonathan Stuart Whitef, Arnaud Magrezg, Thierry Giamarchih, Henrik Moodysson Rønnowb, and Fabrizio Carbonea,2 aLaboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; bLaboratory for Quantum Magnetism, Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; cPhysics Department, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland; dScottish Universities Physics Alliance, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom; eCentre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; fLaboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland; gCompetence in Research of Electronically Advanced Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and hDepartment of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland Edited by Margaret M. Murnane, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, and approved October 6, 2015 (received for review July 7, 2015) Magnetic skyrmions
    [Show full text]