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GEO 2004 Conference Abstracts GEO 2004 Conference Abstracts The abstracts of the GEO 2004 Conference presentations (March 7-10, 2004, Bahrain) are published in alphabetical order based on the last name of the first author. Only those abstracts that were accepted by the GEO 2004 Program Commi�ee are published here. Abstracts were submi�ed online and were subsequently edited by GeoArabia Editors and proof-read by the first author. The names of companies and institutions to which authors are affiliated have been abbreviated. For convenience, all subsidiary companies are listed as the parent company. A list of the organization abbreviations is on page 148. (345-Poster) Characterizing sealing faults in (327-Oral) Maturity and geothermal history carbonates of onshore Abu Dhabi of the Silurian, Triassic and Jurassic source rocks, Saudi Arabia Abd El-Sa�ar, Mohamed M. (ADCO - msa�[email protected]), Rafael Rosell (ADCO), Saleh Bin Sumaidaa (ADCO), Abdelbagi, Sami T. (Saudi Aramco - sami.abdelbagi@aram Naema Al-Zaabi (ADCO), Jean F. Dervieux (ADCO) and co.com) and Mahdi A. Abu-Ali (Saudi Aramco) Marie-Odile T. Bockel-Rebelle (ADCO) Organic microscopic analysis were carried out on over There has been increasing interest in the role of faults in 400 samples of black shale, siltstones, and marls from the relatively gently deformed reservoirs of southeast Abu over seventy wells in eastern and central Saudi Arabia Dhabi, where fault-dependant plays were recognized. to determine maximum paleotemperature and thermal Evidence for sealing on faults includes differences in maturity of different source rocks. The results indicate hydrocarbon pressure, viscosity and water-contact heights that the organic components consist of liptinites, alginite across some faults, as well as seismic amplitude and of marine origin and vitrinite. Inertnites predominate impedance differences. There has been li�le published in the Silurian section. Vitrinite reflectance (% Ro) data work so far on the understanding of fault seal potential suggest that source rocks in the deepest part of the basin in carbonate rocks, which is the situation in onshore Abu are gas prone while the oil-generating potential increases Dhabi. Much seismic, well and production data are available from west to east and in the younger strata. At present, from the Abu Dhabi fields, this data made it possible to go the Silurian source rock in the deeper parts of all basins from observations to prediction of fault-seal mechanisms. has passed the oil window and is in the gas-expulsion Faulting and sealing mechanisms in the petroleum systems maturity phase. The wet gas is confined to basinal areas of Abu Dhabi have complicated movement histories. with depths equivalent to % Ro (1.2-2.0). At the west margin Also it is strongly influenced by the lithological nature of the basinal area the Silurian source is immature or has of the sequence offset by the fault. Therefore, to fully a�ained early maturity (% Ro = 0.45-0.50). The least mature assess fault-seal potential it is necessary to examine the Triassic source rock occurs along the western margin and evolution of faults through time and the stress history. its maturity gradually increases eastwards. To the east, this Extensive databases of all relevant information have source is at the peak oil maturity (% Ro = 0.7-0.9). In the been constructed. It involved painstaking integration north and in the Rub’ Al-Khali the main kitchen is mostly at between structural geology, sedimentology, geochemistry, wet and dry gas maturity (% Ro > 1.3). The Upper Jurassic geophysics, petrophysics, and reservoir engineering, source rock in the Rub’ Al-Khali Basin is at peak dry gas and which allowed many types of analyses to be carried out. wet gas generation. The central and eastern reaches of the This study also reviews fault-sealing mechanisms and Jurassic source are at peak-oil expulsion. The northern part fault seal risk analysis. Fault characterization showed of the ‘kitchen’ shows early to peak-oil maturities (% Ro = that they are segmented horizontally and vertically in 0.5-0.9). This data has allowed be�er modeling of the burial an echelon arrangement and featured by small throws. and hydrocarbon generation histories of the Saudi Arabian In such an environment, the concept of juxtaposition or basins. It has provided a good calibration tool to be�er fault membrane do not exist. Diagenesis/cementation seal predict geothermal histories and hydrocarbon occurrences should be the working mechanism. Almost all faults – even in undrilled locations. those beyond seismic resolution – form a deformation zone/ band (mainly fractures/fracture corridors) which is more continouos than the fault segments. This study introduces (222-Poster) Facies architecture and a new sealing mechanism, which is “Cemented Damages porosity/permeability patterns in Wajid Zone” (CDZ), where dissolution and re-precipitation Sandstone of calcite in the fault zone and in wall rocks caused the cementation of the damage zone. This framework and Abdullatif, Osman M. (KFUPM - database provides an understanding of fault-sealed play [email protected]) and risk that allows the comparison of success and failure Fadhel Al-Khalifa (KFUPM) scenarios in our future exploration. Facies architectural analysis and porosity/permeability determination were carried out on two-dimensional 11 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geoarabia/article-pdf/9/1/11/4566760/geo2004.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 GEO 2004 Abstracts GEO 2004 Abstracts outcrops of Wajid Sandstone in southwest Saudi Arabia. (468-Poster) Effective integration of The facies are dominated by medium to large scale cross- reservoir heterogeneities, fracture stratified sandstone. Channel and basal lag conglomerate networks and fault communication and and mudstone facies occur in minor percentages. The sandstone is characterized by stacked fining-upwards their challenges in Bahrain’s Awali field sequences, tabular geometry and many reactivation simulation models surfaces. Facies architectural elements recognized include mainly sandy channels, sandy bedforms, laminated sand Abdulwahab, Ayda Essa (Bapco - [email protected]), sheets, and proximal overbank fines. The facies in the Wajid Kandaswamy Kumar (Bapco) and Sandstone suggest mostly proximal to medial depositional Ali Ebrahim Al-Mu�ah (Bapco) se�ing with laterally shi�ing low-sinuosity channels and Bahrain’s Awali field is an asymmetrical NS-trending bar sequences. The study revealed that stacked, layered, anticline that was discovered in 1932. The field is a multi- and compartmentallized sandstone body geometries are stack of carbonate and sandstone reservoirs, most of them characteristic in Wajid Sandstone. Facies heterogeneity and oil-bearing. The fluids range from tarry oil in the Aruma porosity/permeability development at macro- and micro- zone, to dry gas in the Khuff zones. The geology of the scale reflect depositional environmental control, as well field is extremely complex with a large number of faults, as post-depositional diagenetic changes. The evaluation of especially in the Wasia Group formations, which contain Wajid Sandstone heterogeneity at outcrop analog scale is the major oil reservoirs in the field. These reservoirs are important for facies and petrophysical modeling as well as at different stages of the production cycle. Following a 3-D fluid simulation studies. seismic acquisition campaign in the year 2000, Bapco took up an integrated study to develop numerical models as the (365-Oral) Paleozoic petroleum system of main tool to assess alternative production mechanisms. Kuwait This integrated study faced a significant number of challenges, which had to be overcome with innovative Abdulmalek, Salah A. (KOC - [email protected]), ideas. The challenges included representing communication Swapan K. Bha�acharya (KOC), Riyasat Husain (KOC), between reservoirs through faults, complex rock and fluid Abdul Aziz A. Sajer (KOC), Adel M.H. Ebaid (KOC) distribution from heavy oil to gas condensate, gas injection, and Jim Russel (KOC) aquifer encroachment and fracture intensity. Although the hardware required for handling the large simulation The Paleozoic petroleum system and its elements are models was meticulously selected based on benchmark established in most parts of the Arabian Peninsula, but data of the various machines, the geological complexities is poorly understood in Kuwait due to the paucity of posed serious problems while running the simulation exploration data. Recent drilling information and direct models. This poster describes the effective integration of gas indications in the NW Raudhatain area have provided the reservoir heterogeneities, fracture networks and fault valuable leads for understanding the Paleozoic petroleum communication in the simulation models built for different system in Kuwait. Although several regional Paleozoic zones of the field. It also highlights the challenges faced petroleum systems exist in the Arabian Peninsula, the during the history matching process and the approaches available exploration data suggests that a likely system in adopted to overcome these challenges. Kuwait is the Qusaiba–Unayzah (.) system. The existence of this system is indicated by the results of drilling, however no commercial production from this system has been (387-oral) Integration of regional petroleum established. The Lower Silurian Qusaiba ‘hot’ shale, the system elements and exploration play likely source for this system, is expected to be mature for gas fairway maps using
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