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Vegetation of Plain Azerbaijan and Its Use

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Vegetation of Plain Azerbaijan and Its Use International Journal of Research and Review www.ijrrjournal.com E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237 Research Paper Vegetation of Plain Azerbaijan and Its Use Nuri V. Movsumova, Gulnara Sh. Shiraliyeva, Hasret Ch. Mammadova, Naile A. Asgerova, Sayyara J. Ibadullayeva Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan NAS, AZ1004, Badamdar Shosse 40, Baku, Azerbaijan Corresponding Author: Nuri V. Movsumova ABSTRACT Results of ethnobotanical investigations carried out in the plain botanical-geographical regions of Azerbaijan (Kurdamir, Agdash, Goychay, Ujar, Hajigabul) have been shown in the paper. 120 associations are registered, which are the taxon’s belonging to 46th families, which are concentrated in 4 plant types (semi-desert, water-wetland-oasis, forest, alluvial-meadow) in the area flora. Poaceae by 21 species is superior to other families and 14 of them are using for their useful properties. Local herbs are used by local communities to treat diarrhea, ear pain, warmth, jaundice, flu, cough, and skin diseases. In addition, snake bites, healing of various wounds in the body, and burns are healed by domestic herbs. The area flora along with medicinal plants also is used for food, feed, fuel and technical purposes. Arid forests are rapidly spreading in the area. However, efforts and knowledge of keeping the plant are on the first stage. Megalopherophytes and terophytes are more in the area. Hemicryptophyte, nanophanerophyte and geophytes plants come in after them. All types of greenery in arid and longevity forests of the area flora are dependent on the participation of trees. This research can be a cause of progress in the field of plant phytochemistry, molecular biochemistry and microbial biology in study of the second metabolites of plants. Ethnobotanical work is very important for these scientific studies, because a great age-old experience comes to light. Key words: Ethnobotany; plain areas; use of plants. INTRODUCTION natural systems is mainly reflected in plain The focus of the development of areas. humanity lies in the fact that the natural Ethnobotany is a science that learns environment, interaction nature and society, the relationship between plants and humans: the protection of the environment, the "ethno" - learning of people and "botany" - effective use of natural resources, the study of plants. Ethnobotany explores negative impact of human activity on the complex relationships between plants and environment, and the focus on the cultures used. The purpose of ethnobotany development of dynamic and ecotourism in is to cover how plants are managed or the existing natural systems. These integrated into human society - such as problems have been regulated on the state building materials, tools, clothing, food, level (Decree of the President of the medicine, cosmetics, dyeing and weaving in Republic of Azerbaijan, 2001), as well as in public life. Ethno-botanical information is the scientifically education in the up to human civilization, that is, ancient, but Azerbaijan Republic [Aliyev et al., 2008; the term "etnobotany" was first developed Mehdiyeva et al., 2008; Ibadullaeva et al., by the American botanist John Harshberger 2017; Munir et al., 2018; Gasimov et al., [1896]. Manilal [1989] designates 2018]. Violation of the ecological balance in ethnobotany today to express the entire International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 189 Vol.6; Issue: 9; September 2019 Nuri V. Movsumova et.al. Vegetation of Plain Azerbaijan and Its Use spectrum of direct relationships between were collected to study the scientific basis plant and man. According to Arora [1997], of the methods of using plants (1-2 kg of ethnobotany is understood in a wider dry weight of all species). context, meaning the entire area of useful relationships between plant and human. In our opinion is possible to learn more about the desert and semi-desert phytocenosise by an integrated approach. Use the same methods for the efficient use of herbicides, their protection and rehabilitation on the basis of the existing disadvantages are important first of all. All these considerations are aimed at the classification of plants by studying, protecting and rehabilitating the terrestrial Figure 1. Assessment inquiries among human populations condition of Azerbaijan's plain lands and conducting ethnobotanical investigations. The life form of plants was classified according to the Raunkiaer system (1934). MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY Danish Christen Christensen Raunkiaer has The study is carried out in 2019. The developed a classification system for the area was carried out in the plain territory of durability of flowering plants in adverse Azerbaijan's – next botanical-geographical time of the year. The Raunkiaer system is districts (Kurdamir, Agdash, Goychay, Ujar, based on incremental points that renew or Hajigabul). Field surveys cover all parts of increase plant growth. Raunkiaer's life the area by the route method. Up to 100 forms are as follows: herbarium materials were collected as a I. Phanerophytes: leafy trees and herbs that result of the research. end in long-term, forest or grassland with Interviews were conducted in the shoots of more than 25 cm above soil research area by up to 90 persons (Figure 1). surface. Phanerophytes are also divided into Information about plant using by indigenous mesaphanerophytes, mezophanophytes, people in veterinary medicine, bee-keeping, microphanophytes, and nanophanerophytes. children's and adolescents' diseases, II. Hamephytes: low-haired herbs that can including wild foods, vegetables, fragrant preserve the seeds that are not less than 25 and technical uses was used in accordance cm above the soil surface by leaves or snow. with ancient traditions (salting, melting, III. Hemicriptophytes: herbs and rosette cooking, drying, keeping, etc.) have been plants protected by hull and leaves on the collected. Interviews were used by soil surface. commonly used methodologies [Guber, IV. Geophytes: An unhealthy environment 2001; Martin, 2001]. The research area was is Perennial floristic plants are underground recruited for 10 days to collect plants from or underwater in the form of bulbous or different parts of the region. The local nodule. names of the plants and plant parts (organs) V. Terophytes: Plants that survive seeds in used by local communities were recorded. the soil under unbearable periods, which Negotiations were held with local residents complete the whole life cycle of seeds in different villages to mark local names. during a year, one season. The height of the samples and other settings Other special life forms that are not were obtained via GPS. Collected classified according to their hump are herbariums were inscribed and found in systematized for the leaf: Succulents, Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of Halophytes, Epiphytes, etc. ANAS. At the same time, raw materials International Journal of Research & Review (www.ijrrjournal.com) 190 Vol.6; Issue: 9; September 2019 Nuri V. Movsumova et.al. Vegetation of Plain Azerbaijan and Its Use EXPERIMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS leads to the loss of productivity of pastures Important to study the flora and and grasses, shrinkage of soil, deterioration herbiculture of the region and, in particular, of product quality, pumping of humus, to investigate ethnobotics and to discover desert and dry steppe fossils. new ways and means of using plants are Unplanned livestock grazing on this more actually in the plain territory of territory and overload are cause of soil Azerbaijan has been exposed to acute erosion, formation of paths without plants, anthropogenic activity. Intensive use of eco- and as results all these processes negative systems leads to natural ecological situation, influence on the pastures and in the same destroys the desertification are negatively time large part of soil are degraded and affects the structure of the vegetation. make changes in plant and soil cover. On Special attention should be paid to the the other hand, plants are harvested for prevention of any adverse effects in the different purposes or reduced by gallstones. wilderness and the surrounding eco-cities, Information about more than 70 especially as the winter pasture area. The plants was collected during the survey. A quality of this pasture is high quality of food catalog about this has been prepared. Some and is cheaper, which is very important for examples of the survey questionnaires the Republic. On the other hand, the early carried out are presented in Table 1. As spring flora of the area is rich by nutrients shown from the table, in these area meets and medicinal plants, and people are widely Higher spore (Equisetum arvense), used them. In winter, spring and summer (in Monocotyledonous (Аvеnа sаtıvа, plain areas) and in the lowlands, migratory Аgrоpyrоn rеpеns) and also Dicotyledons cultivation has been used as fossil fuels. (Plantago lanceolota, Achillea nobilis, This plain area is also one of the most A.bibersteini, A.millefolium), and also trees promising territories. Significant growth of and bushes (Juniperus sp.) use as medicinal farming and agriculture over the last years and food plants. Questionnaire Table 1. Districts Goychay district, sub- Goychay district, Hajıqabul Kurdemir district, Agdash Ucar district, forest areas Garayazı village district Udulu Garabucaq village district, near Melikballi village Question village Turynchay 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Local name Horsetail Oats Wheat-grass Plantain Juniper Yarrow Latin name Equisetum arvense Аvеnа sаtıvа L. Аgrоpyrоn Plantago
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