TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
TAMIL NADU FLOOD- 2015 Joint Detailed Need Assessment Report- District Level
Shelter, Food, Nutrition & Livelihood and WASH
This report contains the compilation of the JDNA Actions post floods in the state of Tamilnadu, India in the aftermath of the incessant rains and the subsequent embankment breaches which caused massive floods in first week of December 2015 affecting entire Chennai City, many parts of District Cuddalore, Kancheepuram and Vilupuram and Thiruvalur. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
A. District Level- JDNA 1. Executive Summary 2. Background 3. Relief Measures GO & NGO 4. Recommendations from JRNA
5. Field Assessment 6 Sector wise finding & needs emerging 6.1 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) 6.2 Shelter 6.3 Food, Nutrition & Livelihood 7. Recommendation on Long Term Recovery Needs…… 7.1 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) ……………………… 7.2 Shelter ……………………………...... 7.3 Food, Nutrition & Livelihood …… 8. Assessment Methodology: ……………………….. 8.1 Methodology: Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.2 Tools Formation 8.3 Training on JDNA Tools 8.4 Field Assessment 9. Annexures: ...... 9.1 HH Assessment Tool for WASH, Shelter, Food, Nutrition, Livelihood 9.2 FGD Checklist- WASH, Shelter, Food, Nutrition, Livelihood & Education 9.3 Assessment Area 9.4 Photographs from the Field: 9.5 Contacts of the Key stakeholders: 9.6 Secondary data- demographic
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Timeline:
Activity Timeline Team Training at 11th January morning District level Data Collection 11th January afternoon- 23th January Data Compilation 23th January & 26th January Data Analysis 27th- 10th February Draft report 11th February Final report 12th February
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
1. Executive Summary
Heavy rain over the past four weeks has caused severe flooding in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. A deep tropical depression came through the Bay of Bengal and hit the south-eastern coast of India and Sri Lanka on 10-11 November 2015, causing heavy rain. Heavy rain resumed during Nov 16-19, with 30-37 cm of rain accumulating over the 9-day period. After pausing for several days, heavy rains have resumed in early December and in some locations rain is projected to continue until 8-10 December. Chennai received over 33 cm of rain in a 24-hour period from December 1-2, causing widespread flooding and damage. In Tamil Nadu, Chennai city, Cuddalore, Kanchipuram, and Tiruvallur districts are worst affected. Reports are estimating 347 people have lost their lives in Tamil Nadu which can be more.
The Government of India has declared Chennai a National Disaster zone, and National Disaster Response Force carried out rescue operations in the city. Severe flooding on December 2 and 3 wreaked havoc, with large parts of the city under water. The rains and subsequent overflow of the Adyar River and Cooum River had caused severe flooding and extensive evacuations in Chennai and surrounding areas, as well as significant damage to homes and surrounding farm fields. Road access had been cut off in several districts, and the runway at Chennai airport is flooded and had been closed for 3 days. Flooded roads made difficult to reach affected areas. 432 relief camps have opened in 3 highly affected districts outside of Chennai city, with approximately 72,000 people evacuated to the camps. The government has carried out evacuations in some highly affected areas.
2. Background
The low pressure which lay centred over coastal Tamil Nadu unleashed heavy showers on a continuous spree in Tamil Nadu in this Northeast Monsoon from the first week of November continues still. So far there has been three spells of intensive rainfall. The first intensive spell of rainfall was from in 8th and 9th November, followed by intensive rains again in 15th, 16th and 17th November. The first spell witnessed intensive flooding in Cuddalore where most of the water bodies were full and the associated breaching affected the communities life damaging house, TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16 infrastructure etc. Chennai experiences minor flooding during these spell. The second spell saw Chennai going out of gear as many settlements in Chennai were flooded. The impacts of this spell stretched beyond Chennai to adjoining district to Chennai namely Kanchepuram and Tiruvallur, though the impacts in Kanchepuram and Tiruvallur was less comparing to Chennai. After this spell there were rains in the Southern Tamil Nadu, where Tuticorin District was affected. The third spell which is going on now is intensive than the first two spells and the impacts seems to more than the previous one. This time Chennai and any district in the northern Tamil Nadu are affected namely Kanchepuram, Tiruvallur, Villipuram, Pondicherry and Cuddalore. The attributing reason for the same has been due to the heavy downpour on one side and the low level of water abortion capacity in view of the continuous rains since November first week. The process has completely thrown out the normal life of people in many districts in Tamil Nadu.
Consistent rainfall between 28-10-2015 to 31-12-2015 has resulted in 470 human loss officially reported across the state, with displacement of more than four lakh people. There has been severe damage to farm livelihoods with at least 3.82 lakh hectares of agricultural crops affected across the State.
Tamilnadu
Chennai Urban was majorly affected.
Apart from this, Worst Affected Districts: Cuddalore, Kancheepuram, Tiruvalur and Vilupuram
State Highlights: Information received during Coordination Meetings from members;
Total Population of State 72.14 Million
Death Casualties Over 300 people reported died since 8th November, As on 10th December
Villupuram- 56
Kanchipuram- 1
Total Population affected in More than 10 Million State TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Affected Houses More than 25 Lakh
Flood Damages Rs. 8481 Crore
Chennai Urban- Total Population- 4646732
Population affected in Chennai More than 60 Lakh
Houses affected More than 15 Lakh
Thiruvalur District-Total Population- 3728104
Population affected Approx. 1.75 Lakh
Houses Affected More than 51,000
Total no. of HH 946949
Total number of families who 6964 lost their houses (fully damaged)
Total number of families who‟s 2925 houses are partially damaged
Total number of livestock lost 2218
Crop damaged in Hectors 24870
Land submerged in water in 15000 Hectors
Kancheepuram District:Total Population: 3998252
Affected Population More than 10 lakh
Houses affected More than 1.9 lakh
Cuddalore District: 2605914
Affected Population More than 6 Lakh
Houses affected More than 90,000
GPs affected 500 GPs affected out of Total 600 Gps
Blocks affected 11 Blocks are affected out of 13 blocks TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Total no. of Huts 5409
Huts Damage Fully Damage- 837
Partially Damage- 2478
Vilupuram District: Total Population- 3458873
Population affected More than 80,000
Houses affected Approx. 20,000
Blocks Affected 22
Deaths 56
House Damage Fully-971 (as per information received from Local NGO)
Partially- 15204
Cattle Died 2442
Crops damaged in Hectares 3661- Agriculture
1548- Horticulture
Irrigation Tanks Damaged 263
Supply channel damaged 208
Kancheepuram More than 10 Lakh
Chennai witnessed the heaviest rainfall in the last 100 years and this caused massive flooding in many parts of Chennai resulting in disruption of normal life making many homeless and ending up with staying in Relief Camps. The total loss of human life reported in Tamil Nadu is 347. A total of 3888 cattle have lost life in Tamil Nadu. 17.64 lakh people have been rescued and were put up in relief centers. For those he city of Chennai which hosts a wide gamut of people from the lower rung to the elite, this floods was a major shock. The flood also witnessed the impacts of for all types of sects, however the people in the lower rung being the worst affected.
The third spell also had its impacts in Cuddalore which was already in dire straits in view of the previous two spells the first spell igniting flash floods in many part of Cuddalore and in particular the led to massive disruption for normal life in settlements in and around the water bodies the second spell which spread on for 3 – 5 days also increased the plight of the living conditions of communities in these settlements. The misery of these communities did not stop TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16 and it stretched on till the 3rd spell in the first week of December. This spell led to the gradual increase in water in the rivers and water bodies. Though these increase were not as that of the 1st spell, the process and intensity of the rains a month enhanced the water level in many water reducing the scope of receding and increasing the water logging and stagnation in many village particularly in the interior areas. The process also is leading to many issues in WASH, Shelter, Livelihood etc. as many who are dependent on agriculture are rendered without livelihood.
3. Relief Measures by GO & NGO
GO:
Link for all zonal officers contact details; https://sphereindiablog.wordpress.com/2015/12/13/list-of-15-zonal-officers-incharge- chennai-corporation/
Government of Tamil Nadu press release (No. 005, released on 04-01-2016) highlight the extent of damage due to monsoon flood, relief package as announced by Government of Tamil Nadu and number of households reached with relief measures.
No Damage Extent of Relief Relief Remarks due to flood Damage Announced (Rs) Amount (Rs) and Coverage (No.) 1 Loss of 470 human life 4 lakhs per 245 families Human life family covered SHELTER 4,93,716 huts Rs 10000 + 10 Shelter completely Kg Rice + I dhoti 1 damage - damaged; and 1 saree per Loss of hut 25,48,152 family houses surrounded by rainwater for atleast two days. FARMING 1 Paddy and 3.47 lakh 13500 for one As of 68,350 Officials are other hectare of hectare with farmers have advised not irrigated agriculture land damage of 33 per received 29.48 to adjust this crops plus 35,471 cent and above crore relief amount 2 Rainfed hectare of 7410 for one amount against loans crops horticulture crop hectare deposited obtained by 3 Long terms was damaged. 18000 directly in farmers. crops / (Total 3.82 lakh farmers Orchard hectare) Primary Agriculture TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
No Damage Extent of Relief Relief Remarks due to flood Damage Announced (Rs) Amount (Rs) and Coverage (No.) Co-operative Bank account ( PACS) LIVESTOCK 1 Loss of 3785 milch 30000 Assistance of milch animal animal 7.78 crore was 2 Loss of Goat 8136 goats 3000 given 3 Loss of Pig 109 pigs 3000 4 Loss of Hen 85895 hen 100 FISHERIES 1 Completely 20 number 32000 damaged Kattumaram 2 Partially 231 number 10000 damaged (Requires 12.82 crore repair) 3 Completely 65 number Rs 75000 (50 % damaged subsidy) FRP Vallam 4 Partially 654 number 20000 damaged (Requires repair) 5 Completely 4 numbers Upto 5 lakhs (35 damaged % subsidy) Motor Boats 6 Partially 42 numbers Upto 3 lakhs (60 damaged % subsidy) (Requires repair) 7 Net damage 8106 Numbers 10,000 8 Motor 3047 numbers 5000 9 Fish seed 130.92 hectare pond Small and Medium Enterprises 1 Loss of Rs 5000 soft loan investment to petty traders, (Working SMEs capital invested)
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Contribution of Rs.25 crores to the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister‟s Relief Fund, towards the flood relief operations in Tamil Nadu by UP Chief Minister Akhilesh Yadav.
Around 17,16,000 (1.7 million) people had been temporarily housed in 6605 flood relief camps in Chennai, Cuddalore, Thiruvallur and Kanchipuram Districts. 600 boats had been mobilized for relief operations. 12.29 million food packets food packets distributed, 26,270 medical camps organized and 2.56 million persons treated in those camps. In addition mobile medical 97 units were pressed into service through which 49,329 people got benefited.
An immediate relief of Rs. 67.47 crore ( 10 million USD) had been disbursed to 1,11,278 families and a total of 80,120 persons from army, navy, air force, NRDF, fire service, coast guard, police, municipal workers and other official groups were pressed into service. Chennai coporation reported that it had received nearly 1.3 million relief material until 6 December which included 58,156 bedsheets, 7.02 lakh water packets, 33,000 packets of milk powder, 52,000 bread packets, 16000 rice bags, 56000 biscuit packets, 3500 mats and others. In Chennai city alone over 100,000 tonnes of flood debris and sludge got cleared and the process is still ongoing. Stagnant water had been pumped from 787 water logged neighbourhoods and many low lying areas and vacant plots areas still remain inundated with water
Chennai Corporation has earmarked Nehru Stadium as their warehouse to restore all the relief material and sending to the affected areas.
NDRF has deployed 50 teams consisting 1715 personnals and 194 boats with 94 deep divers. As on 10th December, NDRF rescued 22450 people and 10 dead bodies were recovered from affected areas in Tamilnadu. They have provided food, water, milk, atta, rice, misc food items, clothing, patient in medical camp and medicine.
NGOs:
The voluntary organizations jumped into rescue and relief operations in Tamilnadu, the social media like twitter, facebook and whatsapp playing a great role in mobilizing local volunteers from all over the state towards relief measures. Many locals supported in rescuing people stranded in flooded houses through boats in Chennai, saving the lives of many. Relief support also came from neighbouring states like Kerala, Karnataka and Andrapradesh. People where provided with food, water bottles, bed sheets, pillows, mats, buckets, rice and other groceries, sanitary napkins, first aid medicines and the relief activities are still in progress. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Relief efforts from the NGOs and civil society were provided in their own capacities. For detailed information about agencies connected to IAG Tamilnadu and Sphere India as updated on 22nd January, please click on following link;
https://sphereindiablog.wordpre ss.com/2016/02/10/urs-matrix- tamilnadu-floods-2015-updated- in-22nd-january/
Non farming livelihoods by Care India:
Tamil Nadu Traders Association highlighted that over one lakh traders (SMEs) have lost their livelihoods. Several minor industrial units and machineries are affected, it likely to result in delayed commencement of production. Thousands of workers also gone back to their native places (mostly migrants from northern India) this could impact production. Southern India chambers of commerce (SICCI) estimates that the loss of income for Micro and Small Industries could be over 840 crores every week and Automobile sector experiencing losses in the range of 1200 to 1500 crore every week. Responding to the challenge posed by the flood, several humanitarian agencies and volunteers actively participated in immediate relief activities. CARE was one among those agencies, who have commenced immediate relief activities. CARE supplied water and biscuits and supported about 500 households with NFI (Non Food Items) in the first phase. Subsequently, CARE extended the relief support to another 1145 households with relief and dignity kit. CARE had undertaken an internal assessment on the impact of livelihoods due to flood mainly in the affected district with particular focus on WASH, shelter and livelihoods.
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Chennai SOS - Flood Relief Works has been initiated by World Tamil Organisation (UK) & Abdul Kalam Vision India Movement (UK), to update on the relief updates and available resources in various areas on following link; http://www.chennaisos.com/listView.php
4. Recommendations from JRNA
SECTORS IMMEDIATE INTERVENTION
Water quality testing and treatment Psychosocial Care and support Health Action against vector borne diseases Hygiene promotion in camps as well as behaviours change communication for hygiene and sanitation Inclusive Sanitation solutions such as Portable Bio toilets. Regulation of antibiotic usage in camps Drug supply – Including critical-For skin ailments, ORS, Zinc, TB, ART, Ointment for Foot sores/alcers MISP kits distribution to pregnant women
To identify and support the poorest and the most vulnerable families with supply of dry rations that will cover their food security Food security and requirements for at least three months from now. This will enable them livelihoods cope up and return to normalcy gradually For the poor households living on the river banks in Chennai, support for purchase of cooking vessels, stove and gas would help them tide over this situation. However, such families need to be first identified and extended this support. Direct cash transfers to these families can be tested. „Cash for work‟ programs can be initiated in the rural areas that are severely affected by the floods. Restoration of community TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
infrastructure such as strengthening of bunds in irrigation tanks, ponds and drainage canals are some of the works that can be initiated. Support these families for rescheduling of their loans from their SHGs and other MFIs that are operational in their areas. Provision of individual household water purifications. Providing the chlorine powder solution and aqua tabs for Water purification. Wash & Provision of containers for drinking water storage and disinfection. Sanitation Temporary/Mobile toilets, Immediate cleaning of septic tanks Immediate draining of water Eradication of mosquito larvae using neem oil or other larvicides Immediate cleaning of solid wasteMapping of Solid Waste management related issues and linkages with Chennai Corporation. Portable Drinking water stations/chlorination/flushing of hand pumps/ spot chlorination/boiling water Sensitization program on Hand Washing with soap. Need for supplementing the compensation offered by the Government, especially for those who lost their houses fully or partially. Cash transfers for identified families from the most marginalized Shelter communities, particularly those from the „Dalit‟ communities will support them rebuild their houses. This could be further combined with support of building materials supply and linkages where required. Support for construction of toilets will help women and children for improving their health standards and well-being. Inclusive toilets and temporary shelters for PWD Linkages for credit for housing can be further more supportive to these communities. Schools need to allocate resources, time and space to provide psycho – social care for children in their premises. This has to be integrated in Education regular school hours for a reasonable time period Distribution of school books, text books, uniform and stationaries in Urban as well as rural areas. Schools need to allocate resources, time and space to provide psycho – social care for children in their premises. This has to be integrated in regular school hours for a reasonable time period Training personnel for multi-hazard disaster resistant school planning, design, monitoring, maintenance, inspection and approval at community- and all levels of government Protection Resume the functioning of Anganwadi centre or makeshift centres in order to meet the nutritional needs of pregnant and lactating mothers and children below 2 years Set up child Friendly to provide psycho social support for children Prioritize the needs of children with vulnerabilities while providing TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
relief Messages on weather situation especially in a child friendly manner as children have lot of fears due to rumours Immediate Creation of District Level Task force to review the current actions towards disaster risk reduction. Coordination & Coordination with Local NGOs, Civil organisation Advocacy Advocacy with govt. for accessing govt. social protection schemes Advocacy for Dalit community to get their right in emergency relief and long term strategies under disaster management
5. Field Assessment:
Multi sectoral Joint Detailed Need Assessment has been carried out in 04 districts of State Tamilnadu. Data has been collected and compiled from 11th January to 26th January. Further, Data Analysis & report writing team has started data analysis from 27th January and came out with draft report on 5th February.
6. Sectoral Assessment
6.1 Shelter
Overview on Shelter Detail Study: Survey was prepared based on the study objectives, to investigate the socio-economic and the direct shelter outcomes of the programmes respectively, including both closed and open questions. Questions about the direct impact on the affected population due to Tamilnadu flood.
The survey formats prepared for the study were pilot tested at field level to verify their appropriateness and applicability prior to the study. The formats / schedules were finalized accordingly for capturing information at different level. Enumerators were employed at each project location to undertake the socio-economic survey, and were oriented on the survey questionnaires. The total respondents for the survey was 598 apart from direct survey one to three FGDs was carried out in each of the areas.
During the time of flooding almost 60% of the respondents have decided to stay in Stay during Flood their houses especially in Villupuram, 300 211 Cuddalore and Thiruvalur districts, as 200 they had semi-permanent structured 86 90 95 100 69 26 houses. District like Kancheepuram 17 4 almost 70% of the respondent have 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur stayed in the common places like Community building, Schools and Same Different TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Marriage halls. Most of the respondent in Kancheepuram and Cuddalore districts were from Dalit (SC) and Adivasi (ST) population who were living in small huts and mud wall houses which got damaged completely after flood.
House Damaged Due to flood 350 286 300 250 200 144 150 116 100 20 20 50 11 0 1 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
Yes No
All the four districts have reported about house damage whereas in Cuddalore and Villupuram districts there has been some houses which did not damage. One of the reason is due to government schemes like Indra Awaz Yojana, Green House and Thane house program. Especially in Cuddalore district there has been more number of respondents have access to such schemes. This clearly informs that permanent structures have more resilience for flood like disaster. In the district like Kancheepuram there were some of the respondents who had access to such scheme but those shelters were constructed about 30 years back. The houses do have permanent wall and roofing but damaged and under the threat of falling any time.
House Type
200 180 180 160 140 120 100 85 80 82 80 60 41 38 40 25 21 16 8 20 6 5 6 1 4 0 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
Pucca Kutcha Traditional/ Mud Temporary/ Tent
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
180 responded in Cuddalore district and 41 respondent in Villupuram district are living in Traditional/Mud type of house. About 250 respondents in all the four districts are living in Kutcha house which highlights their vulnerability to the flood like disaster. About 32 respondents are living in temporary or tent like shelters who are the most vulnerable for any calamity. Pucca houses have been responded in Villupuram, Kancheepuram and Cuddalore districts due to effective implementation of Green House program of State Government.
House Size 140 122 120 100 79 81 76 80 55 60 60 35 40 23 21 12 20 6 7 7 7 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
<100 101 to 200 201 to 400 401 to 800 Above 800
143 respondents have reported that they live in <100 square fit house size with an average family size of 4 members. 201 respondents which is the most numbers who are living in a house size of 101 to 200 square fit. 197 respondents have reported they live in 201 to 400 square fit size of house. Apart from these three major responses other responses are very minimal. According to the responses it‟s clearly coming out that maximum of respondents are living in less than 400 square fit house size.
Type of property 350 296 300 250 200 144 150 95 100
50 19 20 10 1 2 3 7 1 0 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
Owned rented lease other
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Out of 598 respondents 555 respondents were owning the land where they were living. In the Kancheepuram district 19 respondents who reported living in lease actually they live in a Temple own land and pay annual tax to the temple. They are permitted to live in the assigned land as many days as they want but cannot sell or rent.
Threat of eviction 250
198 200
150 108 93 100 80 62 50 36 16 5 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
Yes No
242 respondents have threat of eviction due to various reasons like construction in encroached areas. 354 respondents have no eviction threats.
Family Living status
300 274
250
200 147 150 116 100
50 20 12 18 5 3 0 0 3 0 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
1 family 2 family 3 or more family
Most of the household have 1 family living condition which counts to 555 respondents in the districts of Villpurram, Cuddalore and Thrivalur joint family practise is there where 2 & 3 or more family living in a shelter. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Assistance Required
140 126 120
100
80
60
40 30 19 20 13 20 7 0 4 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
Yes No
About 90% of the responded have raised the requirement of further assistance for shelter. The type of requirements are like new house construction and toilet require. This reflection is based on the FGD carried. There is also a challenge of drinking water facility where communities‟ expectation is for a common water tank for their daily use.
Contribution from Community 160 150
140 120 120 100 79 80 60 38 38 42 40 20 13 8 20 3 0 0 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
Kind/Material Labour Cash
308 respondents have shared their interest to contribute their contributions are labour and about 75 respondents were ready to pay cash for the contribution for maintenance or new constructions. 128 respondents have shared their willingness to support with in kind or materials like wood or the bricks which they already have from their damaged houses. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
House Alloted 120 100 100
80
60
40 26 25 17 20 14 13 10 6 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
IAY Green House Thaane None
Whether cash assistance received specifically for shelter for 2015 floods? Whether cash assistance received specifically for shelter for 2015 floods?
100 respondents did not have access to any of the government or state government shelter facilities. 51 respondents were able to access to Indra Awaz Yojana (IAY) and 23 respondents had access to Green House state government program. In Cuddalore district about 25 respondents have received shelter through Thane cyclone shelter program.
Cash assistance received 250 212 200 151 150
100 74
35 50 24 21 8 10 0 Villpuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvalur
Yes No
395 respondents had access to state government cash transfer program who have received Rs. 5000/- for shelter damage due to flood. Many could not receive as the cash transfer program had mandate to transfer through bank account.
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
6.2 Food, Nutrition & Livelihood
Washed away stored grains Damage of Agriculture Continuous rain Agriculture land Inundated Death, washed away milch implements ; Lack of employment Uprooting of trees ; animal ; loss of capital investment - Loss of Income and Require land reclamation Lack of insurance – Petty shops, Small and lessening of food at home for cultivation – Farming Livestock Medium enterprises ; and available cash to Livestock Assets purchase – Food Security .
Food and Nutrition
Across district the surveyed households highlight that the price of food products mainly vegetables, rice, bread, oil increased immediately after the flood. On an average it took more than three weeks to stabilise back to normalcy. Availability of PDS and distribution of releif items by governemtn and voluntary organsiation helped them to take care of the food requirements.
Status of Food Price in Market (N=598)
28 55
89
426
Increased Remained same Decreased Don’t Know
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Household discussion and statistics reveal that availability of food for consumption was not an issue mainly due to the intervention by different agencies. Many expressed that though their existing stocks were washed away and remained unfit for consumption presence of PDS and other agencies helped them to cope out. Issue of consumption was highlighted as a major challenge when they left the camps and flood water was drained completely (5-6 days).
Amount of Food Consumed (n=598)
89 28
55
426
Increased Remained same Decreased Don’t Know
No Sector Broad findings from field Emerging Needs Households have lost their food stock in the Immediately and after the flood - floods either by being washed away along GO, NGO and voluntary Food with other household assets or by being agencies were supplying food 1 security completely soaked and rendered unfit for items and market price consumption. stabilisation is observed across the study districts. Increase in vegetable, milk, bread and basic essentials were reported by the households. Assistance in the form of storage bins and formation of „grain bank‟ at community level will help them to save the food stock in future.
Due to rain across district the Income earned (n=598) agriculture activity are stopped and 450 also the availability of job through 391 MNREGS, Daily labour were 400 350 stopped due to incessant rain. 300 250 200 150 98 100 76 33 50 0 Increased Same Decreased Don’t know TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
No Sector Broad findings from field Emerging Needs Continuous rain and inundation of crop land has resulted in lack of employment Wage employment to earn opportunity for agriculture labourers in the income to take care of the Loss of rural areas. Also completion / absence of family needs and requirements 2 employment wage employment programs (MGNREGS) with reference to shelter repair, in the affected communities have led to building new house, education lack of any possible job for atleast next and health. three months.
In the absence of employment – migration of adolescent girls to Thirupur textile mills and men mostly to Kerala are observed across study districts. In semi-urban areas the opportunity to earn from construction sector, factories and manufacturing small scale industries have been severely affected since the beginning of heavy rains in November‟15. Most affected segment of workers is; construction workers, daily labourers, fishermen and workers in unorganised sector across the study districts.
About 62 per cent of the households studied reported monthly income of less than Rs 5000 and 33 % between Rs 5000 to 10000 per month.
Monthly Income % Total Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur (Rs) >5000 372 62 117 100 135 20 5001 -10000 199 33 32 14 152 1 10001 -15000 21 4 4 2 15 0 15001 -20000 5 1 1 0 4 0 20001 to 25000 1 0.2 1 0 0 0 >25001 0 0 0 0 0 0 598 100 155 116 306 21 Largely the household irrespective of gender depend on farming and other allied sector (livestock, fishing, agriculture labour) for income generation. In Cuddalore and villupuram household members work as daily labourers in non-farm sector where they go to nearby town and district headquarters on daily basis mainly to work in construction jobs, as coolie in markets (loading and unloading). In Kanchipuram and Cuddalore district mainly inland fisheries and TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16 income generation through fish ponds are observed. Salaried person is both from private and public sector mostly engaged in unskilled, entry level positions.
Primary Source of monthly Total Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur income for the household Agriculture 91 37 11 42 1 Agricultural labour 257 55 62 133 7 Livestock 40 9 11 18 2 Fishing 23 0 14 9 0 Non-agricultural labour 114 40 13 56 5 Self Employed 41 7 3 29 2 Small and Medium Enterprise 11 3 0 7 1 Salaried person 21 4 2 12 3 598 155 116 306 21
With reference to expenditure multiple responses were shared by the households across districts. Following table present ranking of expenditure as perceived important by the households. Buying basic household requirements, expenditure on shelter repair and buying materials for reconstruction are the top three expenditure of the households immediately after the flood.
No Expenditure Ranking % Buy basic HH 1 necessities 77 2 Shelter repair 53 3 Buy materials 42 4 Transport 28 5 Children education 16 6 Others 7 7 Working capital 4 Others include expenditure on health, livestock fodder and repayment of loan from informal sources.
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
No Sector Broad findings from field Emerging Needs Due to flooding and submergence of long Affected farmers are term crops loss of income was reported by expecting earlier farmers across districts. compensation from government for crop loss 3 Agriculture Reclamation of land: Accumulation of debris and believe the announced land and run off waste material, sand relief amount to be increase sedimentation to the extent of 3-4 feet depth, per acre. erosion of soil (creating uneven structures within the field and in many instance wiping Need working capital of out of the base soil from the land – making Rs. 21,000 to reclaim an them unsuitable for immediate cultivation). In acre of agriculture land the absence of technical knowhow of affected by the flood. reclamation process and due to financial constraints – small, marginal farmers are Rescheduling of bank crop facing issues to take up cropping in next six loans for all the affected months‟ time. farmers.
Farmers facing difficulty to drain water out Supply of seeds, and other from the fields as canals overflowed in inputs at subsidised rare for Cuddalore and Kanchipuram districts. the next two seasons.
Damages to agriculture implements, materials Survey by Government stored including seed materials likely to affect department (Agriculture resumption of agriculture activities and Revenue) to re-ensure correct land area in the Land bund damage and live crop fence severely affected villages. damage
Across district about 91 households reported ownership of agriculture land. About 66 % of them are owning wet land and the average land size was 0.72 acres. Main crop cultivated are paddy, sugarcane, pulses, groundnut, maize, cotton, cashew and casuarina.
Agriculture land Villupura Kanchipura Cuddalor Thiruvallu Total ownership m m e r Wet land 60 22 6 32 0 Dry Land 14 9 1 3 1 Orchard 17 6 4 7 0 Total (Number) 91 37 11 42 1
In terms of land size, about 47 % own less than one acre of land, 32 % up to 2 acres and 13 % more than two acres of land. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Land Size - Wet Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur Total land % Less than 1 acre 10 4 14 0 28 47 >1 up to 2 acre 9 2 8 0 19 32 > 2 acre 3 0 10 0 13 22 Total 22 6 32 0 60 100
Land holders across districts highlighted damages caused due to flood which affected the land severely and made unfit for immediate cultivation resulting both in production and loss of income to the family. Type of damage ranked by land owners
Type of Damage No % Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur Flooding 60 66 16 6 37 1 Crops Inundated 66 73 20 6 40 0 Land accumulated with 45 13 1 26 1 debris 41 Uprooted crop 15 16 5 4 6 0 Sedimentation 54 59 13 4 37 0 Incidence of pest and 9 3 1 4 0 diseases 8 Bund / Live fence damage 30 33 4 2 24 0 91 100 37 11 42 1
No Sector Broad findings from field Emerging Needs
At least one third of the villages assessed In the absence of livestock have reported loss of milch animal (cow, insurance households who lost 4 Livestock buffalo) and poultry. livestock are looking for capital support and partial grants to buy For women headed households, income and renew the income source. from their livestock has been a supplementary source that is more reliable Support to build animal shelter and stable, while for a few of them, this and organising medical camp for income has remained the main source of the milch animal will help them income particularly elderly. to protect animals from any diseases.
Next to farming livestock owned is quoted as the most important source of reliable income to the family mostly women headed households and elderly households. Following table summarise the number of livestock lost by the surveyed households due to flood. In the absence of insurance, they are dependent on the relief amount announced by the Government of Tamil Nadu to revive the livestock owned. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Livestock lost during the flood Total Villupuram Kanchipuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur Cow 83 9 43 30 1 Bullock 14 1 11 2 0 Buffaloes 68 0 51 15 2 Calf 70 2 57 10 1 Goat / sheep 64 14 0 16 34 Pig 68 0 56 12 0 Poultry 260 22 79 131 28 627 48 297 216 66
No Sector Broad findings from field Emerging Needs Help in the form of working 5 Petty Across district loss of working capital or capital (soft loan) or through the shops, investment to the tune of Rs 8340 is SHGs will be highly appreciated Micro, reported by the families engaged in small by the banks. Small and business / trade. Medium Also damage / repair of equipment‟s, loss About 52 per cent of the Enterprises of raw materials is reported across districts. household surveyed are ready to register the business in the name About 72 per cent have reported buying of women to get the required loan from informal sources at high interest support. rate to revive the affected business or to start new.
6.3 Water Sanitation & Hygiene
All the observations are based on 317 Respondents surveyed for IAG Rapid Joint Need Assessment
A. Information On Defecation Practice Before Flood
Across the district the surveyed households Household members defecation revealed that they defecate practice before Flood in open fields. Only a very 228 few seems to use toilets. 250 200 150 100 32 18 50 7 10 22 No of Responses 0 TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
B. INFORMATION ON DAMAGES TO TOILETS/TOILETS BY FLOODS
The toilet was not damaged by floods per the response of 73% of households. Since the households defecate in open fields.
Toilets /Toilets damaged during Flood
250 200 150 100
50 JNA JNA HH Assessment 0 Yes No No Response No of Responses 32 232 53
C. INFORMATION ON MEMBERS OF HOUSEHOLD DEFECATING AFTER FLOOD
The household‟s sanitation has not improved even after the floods. The scenario is remained unaltered. Only a few are found using toilets.
Members of Household defecation after Flood 180 160 140 120 100
80 60 40 20 0 3-
RJNA RJNA HH assessment ChennaiFlood No 1- 2- Open Nearest 4- 5-Other Respons Latrine, field water Roadside e body No of Responses 21 167 16 9 9 95
D. INFORMATION ON REHABILITATION OF SANITATION FACILITIES
Around 67% of the respondents have given negative response on rehabilitation after flood. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Households toilets rehabilitated after flood
250
200
Chennaiflood
- 150
100
50
0 Yes No No Response
RJNA RJNA HH Assessment No of Responses 48 213 56
E. Information On Factors That Influenced To Repair Of Rebuilding The Toilets
Though there is no response received towards the factors influencing rebuilding of toilets, 20% of the households have mentioned combined issue of lack of materials, Labour, Money and Land as a factor.
Factors influences/affects the repair/rebuilding of Toilets
160 140 120 100 80
60
Chennaifloods
- 40
20 0 Materials Skilled / Other Materials / tools Skilled / labour &combin Issues of /tools for for repair labour for repair es issues No land repair are not for repair not of Response grievance
not accessibl not accessibl Materrial s RJNA RJNA HH Assessment s exist available e ( not available e (not s, Labour, enough… enough… Money… No of Responses 18 26 4 37 16 65 151
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
F. INFORMATION ON ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ AND WOMEN’S PRIVACY TO USE TOILETS
More than 80% of the households feel that there is no privacy for women and adolescents girls to use toilets. There is no provision for more toilets in the communities.
% Adolescent girls and women have access to toilets
2%
15%
Yes No
83% No reponses
G. INFORMATION ON ADOLESCENT GIRLS’ AND WOMEN’S PRIVACY IN BATHING FACILITIES
Above 80% of the households do not feel comfortable with bathing facilities. Proportion of Women and adolescents privacy in bathing facilities
1%
18%
Yes No 81% No reponses
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
S.no Sector Broad findings Emerging needs 1. Sanitation facilities The households do not have any individual The provision of toilets. They defecate in appropriate facilities for open fields, near to water defecation could be body and road side. essential for people‟s Very few in numbers dignity, safety, health and seem to use sanitation child protection and well- facilities. being is ensured.
Women and adolescent There should be a space girls do not feel the for Menstrual privacy in using the management. sanitation facilities.
The people lack knowing the importance of using the sanitation facilities which results in outbreak of disaeases.
H. INFORMATION ON SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER BEFORE FLOODS
The main source of water in these households is piped water followed by Dug wells. Sources of Drinking water - before flood 250
200
150
100
50
0 Rain Pond Pipe Ponds/R No Tube Dug Water Sand water iver Others Respons wells wells Harvesti Filter system /Canals es ng No of Responses 23 33 1 4 223 1 27 5
I. INFORMATION ON SOURCES OF DRINKING WATER AFTER FLOODS
Piped water is found to be the main source of water in these households followed by Dug wells.
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Sources of Drinking water - After Flood 250
200 ChennaiFlood
150 - 100 50 0 Rain Ponds/ Pond Pipe No Tube Dug Water River Sand water Others Respo wells wells Harves /Canal
RJNA RJNA HH Assessment Filter system nses ting s No of Responses 25 31 1 4 215 1 27 13
J. INFORMATION ON GENDERWISE RESPONSE TOWARDS COLLECTION OF WATER
69% of female members are found to collect water which is higher compared to percentage of male(10%)
Genderwise Response for the collection of water - Before Flood
3% 10% 18% Male Female Both 69% Can't Say
K. INFORMATION ON GENDERWISE RESPONSE TOWARDS COLLECTION OF WATER
Majority of female members are found to be collecting water in these communities.
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Genderwise response for the collection of water - After Flood
3% 8% 19% Male Female
Both 70% Can't Say
L. INFORMATI ON ON VARIOUS DISEASES SPREAD OUT DURING RECENT FLOODS
Majority say that there were combination of diseases which was followed by skin diseases, then diarrhoea and stomach ache.
Disease since recent floods
160 140 120
100
Chennaiflood
- 80 60 40 20 0 Others & RJNA RJNA HH Assessment Skin Stomach Diarrhoea combined Can't Say Diseases ache of Diseases No of Responses 43 68 14 138 54
M. INFORMATION ON HOUSEHOLD USING WATER PURIFICATION SYTEM
More than 80% of household use some or other basic water purification system at home. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Proportion of household using purification sytems for drinking water
18%
82%
Yes No
N. INFORMATION ON METHODS OF WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM USED BY HOUSEHOLD
Boiling of water is found to be the most common method of water purification system which is followed by chlorine tablets, filters and using alums.
Method of Water Purification system
used for drinking water 250
200
ChennaiFlood
- 150
100
50
0 No Using Chlorine RJNA RJNA HH Assessment Boiling Filters others Respons Alum Tablets e No of Responses 194 3 35 17 13 55
s.no Sector Broad findings Emerging needs TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
1. Water source The main sources of The affected area water for the normally depends on households are piped piped water supply for water system followed the drinking water. by dug wells. The water is either Majority of the being contaminated. females collect the The villages need water with the water purification distance of 1 km. system. The villages Parangipettai , Kumaratchi , Bhuvanagiri , are depending on borewell for drinking purpose as the pipe water is not portable for drinking Majority of the households boiled water to purify the water since the water is unsafe to drink. Due to unsafe water, there were spread of combination of diseases like skin diseases , fever, diaarhoea etc.
O. INFORMATION ON THINGS USED FOR HANDWASHING
62% of households use soaps for handwashing and 11% use ash Things used for hand which is a good symbol of hygienic washing practice.
1% 26% Soap Ash 11% 62% None Can't Say TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
P. INFORMATION OF MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PRACTICES OF WOMEN
Sanitary napkins is used largely among women and still there are few who use cloth and a 1% of these use both (napkins &cloth)
Menstrual Hygiene Practices - Scenario
1% 6% 18% Sanitary Napkins Cloth
75% Both Can't Say
Q. INFORMATION ON DISTRIBUTION OF SANITARY NAPKINS BY ANM
44% of respondents have Does ANM distribute the Sanitary given positive response towards distribution of napkins
sanitary napkins by ANM. 180 160
140
120
Chennaiflood
- 100 80 60
40 20 0 RJNA HH Assessment Yes No Can'tSay No of Responses 138 171 8 TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
s.no Sector Broad findings Emerging needs 1. Hygiene The majority of the The distribution of households seems to napkins at the field as practice hand wash to be addressed. with soap and the rest with ash.
The napkin usage among women is 75% which is high.
7. Recommendation on Long Term Recovery Needs
7.1 Shelter
Continuous rain in affected district resulted in demanding immediate attention of ensuring temporary shifting places to the families. Separate identification and immediate attention to all differently able persons is required. In order to provide immediate solutions for communities there is need to build semi- permanent shelters within and shelter materials for the affected Dalit locations and HH with proper size and quality. Majority of the shelters in affected villages severely affected, 100% damages have reported in severely affected areas, 80% of houses were partially damaged and 20% of households completely damaged structures like huts, shackles and semi-permanent structure. Safe and privacy concerns for the Women and Young girls are the major concern of the affected family‟s hence immediate focus should be on ensuring protective measure in place to help women and girls. The affected communities‟ needs to have alternate settlement site so that they live in safer place and government should explore the options for improving quality of their homes through reconstruction and repairing of houses especially Schedule Tribes who are living in very low line areas of river. Construction of Toilets are very much needed in villages as open defecation is prevalent and in huts which are close to river fronts. As flood water affected ground water, all hand pumps and water points needs to be repaired and revived with application of bleaching powder and all the Over Head Tankers needs to be cleaned and quality of water needs to be tested to understand the extent of contamination. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
As the government is open to collaborate with NGO partners for construction of new houses, the government is willing to provide Rs.1.4 lakhs towards construction of houses through IAY scheme and government is also willing to sign partnership agreement for this purpose (Cuddalore District). Immediate intervention could be providing shelter as most of vulnerable population like SC & ST have been excluded from mainstream privileges resulting in making them situational vulnerable. On resilience side may considers learnings from Tsunami housing program where legal title were allotted in the name of female member of the family. Also flood resilient construction model where in raised floor and applying new technologies. Seeking for market led strategy: develop appropriate financial services like micro housing for new and repairs, toilet construction at affordable cost. Ensuring gender inclusive approaches during the time of intervention to respect equity with the community we work and engage community from the beginning of the construction. Gender and Shelter Considerations have to be integrated into shelter planning and programme to ensure people affected by crisis benefit equally from safe shelter. Including aspects like privacy and social prestige and opportunities for gender transformative changes at it was done in post tsunami program. Introduce appropriate insurance products to protect the poor against the risks of damages to their dwelling units and their contents. This will require concerted efforts in raising awareness at the community level and forging appropriate linkage mechanisms. Explore affordable, alternative technologies for developing flood and cyclone resistant shelter for the poor and promote them with appropriate incentive mechanisms.
7.2 Food, Nutrition & Livelihood
As the disaster derailed regular livelihood options for poor and informal workers, there is an urgent need to ensure food security, smoothening cash flow and guaranteeing regular employment for unskilled workers by involving them in debris clearance, channel desilting, removal of mud. No Damage Recommended interventions 1. Food security: Several informal workers particularly 1 Food security daily wage labourers, who depend on their daily wages to meet their basic needs, have been unable to work since November first week. On an average loss of regular employment across districts is about 21 days. People engaged in agriculture labour will be unable to work for next two months as farm fields needs to be reclaimed. Hence, access to Public Distribution System is essential to ensure food security to low income households. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
No Damage Recommended interventions 2. Unconditional cash transfer: The community is in need of Unconditional cash transfer for 15 days for a month for a maximum period of two-month period will help the community to a greater extent in managing their health, education and food requirements and avoid negative coping mechanism (diversion of income from food expenses to income generation purpose). 3. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme: Ensuring an alternative income source by implementing National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme to provide regular employment opportunity and guaranteeing required cash in hand for managing their daily household needs. Advocacy efforts should be made to ensure that the Government should provide employment opportunity in disaster affected areas at least 15 days in a month for a period of maximum six months. 4. Facilitate Self Help Groups, banks and Micro Finance Institutions in flood affected areas should reschedule repayments of existing loans. 5. Women household members across districts need skill training and facilitation primarily to increase their awareness on existing off-farm income generation opportunities. Better skill and leadership opportunity will empower women, adolescent girls to diversify their household income and actively involve themselves in financial decision making at household level. Further it will aid them to participate and voice their views about various activities within the community. 1. ‘Cash for work’ programs to be initiated in the affected 2 Loss of communities that are severely affected by the floods. employment Restoration of community infrastructure such as strengthening of bunds in irrigation tanks, ponds and drainage canals are some of the works that can be initiated. 2. Conduct skills inventory training for youth, adolescent boys and girls identified from within the community and provide employment through cash for work program mainly for debris clearance, house repair, WATSAN construction activities. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
No Damage Recommended interventions 3 Agriculture 1. Agriculture land reclamation: Immense opportunity exists across districts to use Cash for work program mainly to revive agriculture activity, supply of seeds, distribution of bio fertilizers, green manure, Farm Yard Manure for reclamation of land. 2. Facilitate Capacitation and resilience built in initiatives for women farmers, small and marginal farmers to restart the farming activities. Income diversification through new crop introduction 3. Value chain mapping and analysis should be carried out to promote women role in various value chain and nurture women entrepreneurs. 4. Introduction of Post-Harvest technologies for crops cultivated in the district. 5. Farming community should be educated about crop insurance and they should assistance to subscribe appropriate products.
4 Livestock 1. Opportunity to introduce new breed in the area, introduce and publicise livestock insurance among the community.
2. Build value chain models focussing on dairy, goat and duck for women members of the household. Addressing value chain issues at village and community level will allow women to take part in the marketing process directly and also more control over the income they earn.
5 Petty shops, 1. Financial products should be developed to assist families Micro, Small engaged in SME and MME besides helping them with and Medium appropriate risk mitigation tools. Enterprises 2. Working capital support by linking with government schemes and programs. 3. Rebuilding existing enterprise with resilience factor build in – form of asset insurance. 4. Support for skill development of the youth for enhanced livelihood opportunities both in the farm sector and other new sectors. Promotion of rural enterprises through a mix of skills enhancement, credit, market and technical linkages.
Socio Economic Profile of the Affected Households TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Following graph highlight the geographical distribution of households surveyed. In line with the methodology majority of the respondents were from rural villages followed by semi-urban background found largely in Thiruvallur district.
Households Surveyed - Geography (n=598) 600 516 500
400 291 300
200 129 96 100 37 21 1 0 15 0 0 Total Villupuram Kancheepuram Cuddalore Thiruvallur
Urban Rural Semi Urban
Of the total respondent studied about 34 households (6 %) across districts are women headed households and 72 households are men headed households. In terms of religion 86 per cent of the respondent family belong to Hindu religion followed by 13 per cent Christians and Muslims (1 %). Following graph highlight the caste of the surveyed households largely dominated by SC and ST Category
7.3 Water Sanitation & Hygiene
Safe drinking water
1. Providing the chlorine powder solution for Water purification. 2. Provision of individual household water purifications. Open defacation:
3. Awareness programmes on health impacts due to open defecation. 4. To bring Community led total sanitation in place.(triggering the community on ill effects of ODF) 5. To initiate community to push to Government in creating more toilets.
Mosquito breeding:
1. Eradicating mosquito larvae using neem oil or other larvicides 2. Awareness through IEC messages and videos. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Solid waste disposal
1. Provision of solid waste treatment facilities at Panchayat.
Socio Economic Profile of the Affected Households
Following graph highlight the geographical distribution of households surveyed. In line with the methodology majority of the respondents were from rural villages followed by semi-urban background found largely in Thiruvallur district.
Of the total respondent studied about 34 households (6 %) across districts are women headed households and 72 households are men headed households. In terms of religion 86 per cent of the respondent family belong to Hindu religion followed by 13 per cent Christians and Muslims (1 %). Following graph highlight the caste of the surveyed households largely dominated by SC and ST Category
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
8. ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY:
A. TOOL FORMATION
In order to understand the existing Shelter, WASH, Livelihood scenario and the underlying vulnerabilities of the household and the community prior to the flood as well as the impact / damage that the flood has had in terms of shelter, WASH and livelihood aspects three main tools were developed by the team for joint detailed need assessment purpose.
1. Individual household questionnaire. a. To ensure adequate representation from “very poor” socio-economic group, individual household interviews were purposively targeted to the most vulnerable households – including single female headed households, landless households, physically challenged households and elderly. 2. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with representatives from affected communities a. FGDs involved community leaders, farmers, landless, skilled and unskilled labourers as well as marginalised social and ethnic groups. To ensure equal participation; voice their concerns and capture issues of women and adolescent girls – it was decided to conduct FGDs separately for men, women and adolescent boys and girls in the selected villages. b. To facilitate and capture all the aspects of the study separate checklist was prepared by the assessment team. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
3. Key Informant Interviews (KII) with Government department officials (Agriculture, Livestock, Revenue) at district, block and village level; representatives from formal and informal financial institutions and market players mainly traders, aggregators who are operating in the study area. a. To guide the field team, checklist focusing on specific aspects of the study was prepared and shared by the assessment team.
Team of members from Care India, World Vision India, ADRA India, UNICEF, ROADs, OXFAM & Praxis has worked collectively on different sectors and come out with HH & FGD Tool for Shelter, Food, Nutrition & Livelihood, WASH and Health.
B. TRAINING ON MULTI SECTORAL JDNA TOOL:
IAG TN with assistance from Sphere India organized one day orientation on HH Tools and FGD tools for enumerators at State Level and further enumerators given training to their filed staff at Field level. Orientation was provided by sectoral experts from Care India, Adra India and World Vision India.
C. METHODOLOGY
Two sources of data will be used: Field Data Collection and Secondary Data. The figure below outlines the tools to be used and the data expected from each technique.
Secondary data will be collected from IAG reports, State and central Government Secondary Data: collected from external reports, District administration, UN agencies, INGOs and Local NGOs. sources will provide a backdrop of reported Target Areas of Secondary Data: Government departments at State & District needs and context level
Teams of enumerators will visit each of the target districts following the sampling
strategy outlined in Section C.1 below. The teams will be made up of participating Field Data Collection: agencies member staff and will be supervised by district level team leaders. The key focused on collecting thematic data from the informant interviews will be conducted by teams leaders in the field. field through household Target Areas: District Cuddalore, Villupuram, Thiruvalur & Kancheepuram surveys , FGD Tools and key informant interviews. Means of Verification: Household questionnaire, FGD Tools & key informant interviews
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
C.1. Sampling Strategy
This assessment will purposively sample geographic areas based on the districts, blocks and villages identified as being the most affected by the Phase I JNA. Each target district will then have a randomized representative sampling. The guidance below will be provided to field teams.
C.2. Sampling Contingency Prioritization
District Level o From amongst the districts, the assessment team will cover a minimum of 3-5 worst affected blocks from most affected districts. No. of most affected Districts are 04. Block Level At the block level, the assessment will consider the following for undertaking sampling: o Selection of the 02-03 worst affected panchayat from each block and 01 village from each panchayat. o Study the damages in various sectors in both urban as well as rural areas including all vulnerable community.
Household Level o 5-10% HH will be selected from each village.
C.3. Data Entry & Analysis
All checked forms entered by local data entry staff identified by participating agencies. The data entry assistants entered data on a daily basis when delivered by the field data collection. Further, they shared compiled data with District Lead.
District lead has further shared data with Convener IAG and final compilation was done by Sphere India.
Sphere India Coordinator shared the compiled sheet of all 04 districts with report analysis and writing team.
C.4 Report Writing & Analysis Team:
Mr. Sashi Kumar from Care India, Mr. D. Yeswanth from Care India and Ms. Regina Earnest from World Vision India has taken lead for analysing & filtering the data and report writing with their teams for Food, Nutrition & Livelihood, Shelter and WASH sectors respectively. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
C.4. Preliminary Workplan
Timeline
Chenna Cuddalo Kancheepur Thiruv Vilupu Interventions i re am alur ram Planning and preparation ( finalizing, 5th translating tools) at State Level January Assessment team Meeting at District 4th 8th 7th level January 8th January January January Orientation on tools at District Level
Facilitators/teams travel to the field Done at State level only on 9th Jan Field level assessment 11th to 23th January Secondary data collection 11th to 23th January Data entry (assessment teams): 23th to 26th January Data analysis, collation, reporting 27th January to 8th February Validation meeting 10h Draft report January 12 Final report January
9. Annexures
9.1 HH Assessment Tool for Shelter, Food, Nutrition, Livelihood & WASH
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Team Information
Organization Name: ______Survey Date: / / 201_
Surveyor Name: ______Surveyor Mobile Number:
A. Geographical Information
HH Located in: Urban Rural Semi-Urban District:…. Block:…. GP:……. Village / Ward:…….
B. Household Information
1. Name of Household Head: 2. Mother‟s Name:
3. Father‟s / Husband‟s Name: 4. Proof ID with No.:
5. Are you a Singly headed Yes No; If Yes, Male or Female household? 6. Caste: …………………..
(Backward - 1; Most 7. Religion: ……………(Hindu -1; Muslim -2; Christian -3; backward - 2; Scheduled Others, Specify -4) caste[SC] - 3; Scheduled tribe[ST] - 4; Others, Specify - 5)
8. How many pregnant or # Pregnant: _____ # Lactating: ______lactating women are there in the household? (If none, ignore) 9. Are there any members No Yes (If Yes, respond below) of the family with physical or mental Physical disability # M:______# F:______disabilities? Mental disability # M:______# F:______Visually challenged / # M:______# F:______Blind 10. Monthly income of the >5000 5001 -10000 10001 -15000 household (family income) 15001 -20000 20001 to 25000 <25001 Rs..…) TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
C. SHELTER
11. How long have you lived here? <1 year 1 to 5 years >5 to 15 years > 15 years
12. Where were you staying during the floods: Same location Different location (If different, specify………………………………………)
13. Was your house damaged by the flood: Yes No 14. What type of house you are living in: Pucca Semi Pucca Traditional/ Mud Temporary/Tent 15. What is the size of your house (square ft.)? <100 101 to 200 201 to 400 401 to 800 Above 800
16. What is the type of property ownership or rights held by the household affected? Owned Rented Leased Other ……………….
17. Do you have legal papers for land? Yes No If Yes, Whose name and relationship: ………………………. If No, explain: …….
18. Is the household under threat of eviction? Yes No
19. How many families live in your #1 #2 #3 or more house
20. Damage level of the existing shelter (Take a snap of damaged building if feasible)
Structure Type Damage extent Damage level in % component
Roof Thatched /Tiles / Asbestos / 2 or 4 side fully / 30% / 7 ½ %/0% Tar sheet / Others One side or some portion
Wall Brick masonry/Hallow or 4 side fully / One 25% / 6 ¼ %/0% solid block/ mud / Thatches TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
/others side or some portion
Roof Wood ( Palm/ casuarinas/ 2 or 4 side fully / 25% / 12 ½ %/0% paneling eucalyptus) / bamboo / Steel One side or some / others portion
Wall Brick masonry /Hallow or 4 side fully / One 20% / 10 %/0% paneling solid block / mud / Thatches side or some portion /others
Total
Type of Fully - If Total above 40% is fully damage damage
Partially - Between 40% to 10% is partially damaged
No damage- Less than 10% is no damaged
21. Have the members of the household Yes No begun to repair their house? 22. What shelter assistance do you need Repair/ Rebuild A new house
23. What do you think you can contribute Kind / Materials Labour Cash 24. What are the main problems the Materials / tools for repair are not available household faces to repair of rebuild their house. Materials / tools for repair are not accessible (not enough money)
Rank up to the top 3; 1st, 2nd, 3rd Skilled / labour for repair not available
Skilled / labour for repair not accessible (not enough money)
Issues of land grievances exist
Other______25. Whether your house got selected for IAY Green House Thaane any of the shelter assistance program None TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Others (specify…………………….)
26. Whether cash assistance received No Yes (mention Rs……. and how it was specifically for shelter for 2015 utilised………………………………………. floods? 27. Any other shelter related issues Specify……………………………………………. (electrical, plumbing, drainage, etc.)
C. FOOD and NUTRITION
28. Duration of food stock availability in the household
On average, how Status Priority need Remark long will food expressed by the stocks last in the Availability √ household households
A. Grain (Wheat less than 1 week and rice) 1-2 weeks
3-4 weeks
More than 1 month
B. Pulses and less than 1 week legumes 1-2 weeks
3-4 weeks
More than 1 month
C. Oils and fats less than 1 week
1-2 weeks
3-4 weeks
More than 1 month TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
D. Vegetable and less than 1 week fruits 1-2 weeks
3-4 weeks
More than 1 month
29. What is the age of the youngest child (in months): ______?
30. If the child is aged less than 2 years proceed with the following questions, if not skip to the Question no 42
31. Do you breastfeed your youngest child (question relevant if child is less than 2 years of age)? Yes / No
32. If the child is less than 6 months, how many times did you breastfeed the child? …(No.)
33. Has the frequency changes post disaster? Decreased / Increased / No change
34. Do you have safe and private spaces for child feeding? Yes /No
35. Do you have children aged above 5 years and attending school? Yes / No
36. Is your child availing mid-day meal in school? Yes / No
37. Is there any threat of disease outbreak such as Diarrhea, Cholera and any epidemic?
38. Is there any Primary Health Centre (PHC) or dispensary in the village?
If not in village, how far is it from here………………………………………….. 39. Does any Asha worker or ANM visit regularly in the village?
If yes, what are the health support you are getting from them……………………….. 40. Are the health camps being organized here in the community area? Yes / No
41. If yes, when was the last time the health camp was conducted?
42. Household Affordability
42.1 Changes in price of food Status (√) Which product Remark that people are eating since TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16 the crisis began, on average:
A. Price increased
B. Price remained same
C. Price decreased
D. Don‟t Know
42.2 Changes in the total Status (√) Which product Remark amount of food that people are eating since the crisis began, on average
a) Amount consumed has increased b) Amount consumed is the same c) Amount consumed has decreased d) DNK (Don‟t Know)
42.3 Changes in income of Status (√) the people since the crisis to what began, on average: extent?
A. Increased
B. Same
C. Decreased
D. Don‟t Know
43. Is there a PDS shop in the village and is it operational with food stocks
Available Unavailable Functional Dysfunctional TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
44. Are markets functioning in your locality?
Fully Partly Not functioning Inf. Unavailable
D. Livelihood
45. Details of household members
No Name of the Sex Age Nature of Educati Primary Secondary Total Income / household 1 2 relationshi onal occupation5 occupation week (Rs) member p3 status4 Afte r After Floo Before Floo Before After Before d Flood d Flood Flood Flood
1
2
3
4
1 Male-1; Female-2 2 Specify the number of years completed 3 Husband-1; Wife-2; Daughter-3; Son-4; Daughter-in-law-5; Son-in-law-6; Mother-7; Father-8; Mother- in-law-
9; Father-in-law-10; Grandson / daughter-11; others – 12 4 Illiterate-1; Primary-2; Middle-3; Secondary-4; Higher secondary-5; Graduate-6; Post-graduate-7; Technical/vocational education-8; Others-9 (Mention only the completed educational status)
5 Agriculture-1; Agricultural labour-2; Livestock-3; Fishing-4; Non-agricultural labour-5; Self Employed – 6; Small and Medium Enterprise -7; Employee formal sector - 8; unemployed – 7; Others – Specify.
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
5
6
7
8
Income source 46. What are your main BEFORE NOW sources of household Farming Farming income? Livestock Livestock Fishing Fishing Business Business Small trade Small trade Forest dependent Forest dependent Private service Private service Govt. service Govt. service Day labourer Day labourer Fully dependent (no income) Fully dependent (no income) Agricultural labour Agricultural labour Van/rickshaw puller Van/rickshaw puller Other (specify) Other (specify) 47. What is your monthly BEFORE NOW expenditure? In Rs. Basic HH necessities (food) Health Children education Fire wood/fuel TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Cloths Transportation Loan repayment Fodder Others (specify)
48. Resources – Land Land Use Area ( Acres) Extend of Type of Type of crops Production Loss in Rs. Type damage (in damage* affected Own Leased acres) Wetland Dry land Orchard
[1- Flooding, 2- Crops Inundated; 3. Land accumulated with debris; 4. Sand sedimentation; 5. crops are uprooted; 6. Incidence of pest and diseases; 7. Bund / Fence damaged]
49. Resources – Livestock: Cow Bullock Buffaloes Calf Goat / Pig Poultry Value of livestock sheep lost (Rs) No. of livestock lost
50. Other assets No Asset type Specify the type of asset Value lost in Rs. TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
1 Agriculture implements [tractor, disc plough, sprayers, etc] 2 Irrigation equipment‟s [pump set, drip, pipeline, etc.]
3 Vehicles [cycles, two wheelers, four wheeler, etc] Small business (petty shop, street vendors, fast food, stationary shops, mechanic, tailoring, Grocery, etc.] 4 Livelihood assets [Rickshaw, van, auto, push cart, plumbing materials, Fish pond]
51. Impact of flood on household: 1. Has any household member migrated for labor after the flood: Yes / No 2. If YES, how many household members (specify numbers) ………………………….. 3. Where has the family member migrated?...... 4. What is / are the reason(s) for migration a. b. c. 5. Has any household member been disabled by the flood? Yes / No 6. What are the fears/ concerns for relocation if you have to relocate to other places? ……………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………….
7. What are the issues regarding separation of individuals from livelihoods? ……………………………………………………………………………………… ………
52. Financial Resources TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
No. Access to Credit Pattern of Savings Source Amount (Rs.) Rate of Purpose Source Amount Amount interest of (Rs.) increased / (%) borrowing decreased / same
53. Insurance services (Include Human, Crop and Livestock services, assets) No Type of Yes / No Who is covered Sum insured in Status of claim , if any insurance Rs. 1 Life 2 Accident 3 Crop insurance 4 Livestock 5 Livelihood asset
54. Access to Government Social Protection Schemes, if applicable – Advocacy inputs TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
NREGA Old Age / Widow / Person with Disability (PWD) pension
No of Willing Job No of pension Beneficiaries Willing for pension for Job HH Contact No Card Certificate Holder without Certificate Card Certificate
Y/N Y/N Old Age (>60 yrs), W/ OA/ Name In case to Widow, PWD PWD connect or collect further information
55 Way forward Plan for livelihood
A. When do you Already restarted expect to restart Within one month your main previous livelihood activity? Within three months In more than three months I don‟t know Plan for alternative livelihood option (specify) B. What are your main Agricultural land under debris constraints to Agricultural land still under water restart your main livelihood activity? Too much pressure on daily labor market
Fish pond damaged by storm Livelihood assets damaged by storm
Livelihood assets has been sold to buy food
Other (specify) TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
C. What plans you Selling of household assets or fix assets have to cope with current loss of Will migrate outside for work livelihood? Alternative livelihood
borrow loan with high interest
other (specify)
56. Do you want to acquire new skills for work in near future? Yes/No 57. What kind of skills you want to adopt? Specify the reason also. ………………………………………………………………………………………………
58. Do you want to shift to or add new other livelihood activity? Yes/No
59. If yes, which livelihood activity & Why? ………………………………………………………………………………………………
WASH
60. Where did the members of your [a] Toilet, [b] Open field, [c] Nearest water body, household defecate before the [d] Roadside [e] Other floods? 61. Was your toilet damaged by the Yes No floods? Note: if answer is yes, ask next question
62. where do the members of your [a] Toilet, [b] Open field, [c] Nearest water body, household defecate now? [d] Roadside [e] Other Note: Enumerator have to do direct observation
63. Have your household members Yes No begun to rehabilitate sanitation facilities? TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
64. What are the main problems the Materials/tools for repair are not available household faces to repair of rebuild their toilet? Materials/tools for repair are not accessible (not enough money)
Rank up to the top 3; 1st, 2nd, 3rd Skilled/labour for repair not available
Skilled/labour for repair not accessible (not enough money)
There are potential grievances on land issues
Other
65. Do woman and adolescent girls have enough privacy to use toilet? Yes No
66. Do Woman and adolescent girls have enough privacy for bathing? Yes No 67. Where from you collect Before Floods After Floods drinking water? Tube wells Tube wells
Dug wells Dug wells
Pond Sand Filter Pond Sand Filter
Rain Water Harvesting Rain Water Harvesting
Pipe water system Pipe water system
Ponds/River/Canals Ponds/River/Canals
If others ( Explain) If others ( Explain)
68. Whose responsibility is to collect A. Before Floods: Male or Female or Both the water: B. After Floods : Male or Female or Both
69. What do you use for hand washing? NOTE: Enumerator have to observe if Soap Ash None soap available anywhere in the house ( nearer to toilet, water point , kitchen etc) TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
70. Have you notice any particular Diarrhoea Skin Disease disease since recent floods? Stomach pain Others
71. Do you purify / treat the drinking Yes / No water before consumption? [
72. If yes, then how? a] Boiling [b] using alum [c] Chlorine Tablets (eg. Halogen) [d] Filter [e] Other [specify]
73. What are the menstrual hygiene a. Use sanitary napkin practices of women? b. Use cloths
74. Do ANM workers provide A. Yes sanitary napkins to woman group B. No in houses?
8.2 FGD Checklist
Discussion with Community
District: Block: .
DEMOGRAPHY
1. Social composition 2. Major Occupations of different social groups 3. Population and no. of households in the village
IMPACT of Flood 4. Explore with the group, how RECENT FLOOD has impacted local: a. Geography b. Population c. Infrastructure – Road, Post Office, Bank, Telephone
d. Assets – Land, Boat & Net, Livestock, Tools / Implements / Machinery, Vehicles (check is any of these assets was insured and if yes, how and whether they received the claim) TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
e. Production – Agriculture (inclusive of Plantations), Livestock, Fisheries, Kitchen garden, Forestry, etc. (check is any of these resources or the produce was insured and if yes, how and whether they received the claim)
f. Services – Tourism, Transport, Shops, Artisan-based livelihoods, Hotels, etc.
g. Income – in relation to various occupational groups
h. Labour Market (separately for agri- and non-agricultural labour) – Availability of labour force, availability of labour opportunities, Wage rate, Migration for labour
i. Savings and Financial Market – Savings, access to credit facilities, both Formal (co-operatives, commercial banks, and other financial institutions) and Informal (neighbours, relatives, moneylenders, merchants)
j. Assistance from Government & NGOs
k. Problems faced by the community - Specific Issues related to women & children
l. Protection Issues- Women & Children
m. Community‟s coping capacity
Shelter – Discussion points
1. Description of the area: Coastal Flood plain Others 2. What is the level of water stagnation in feet surrounding your house during this flood? 3. Where did the community take immediate Shelter post flood? 4. Are they still in the relief camps? 5. Were there any damages to Shelter? What were the major damages? Is there completely damaged shelter in the village? (Collect the number) 6. What are the different needs in a shelter for a family? (Eg. structure, roofing toilet etc?) 7. Expected Shelter Model: In the event of any housing loan proposal what would be extend of exposure and when will the community would be able to repay? 8. Ability to contribute? What type of contribution would be possible by the community? 9. Total population in need of shelter in the operational areas? 10. Obstacle in accessing shelter supplies? If yes, what were those? 11. WATSAN needs and concerns of women and girls considered Planning? Please specify TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
12. Do you have land for any new shelter construction? Will the family members permit for new shelter construction? 13. Where is the preferred shelter location do you like to construct new in the same location or willing to relocate to different place why? 14. What are the expected risks in shelter construction how will you overcome for successful completion of shelter? 15. What is the size of housing land for each house? 16. How many houses were created without patta, when it was created, weather they have electricity and water service?
Livelihood: Discussion points:
I. Agriculture and Agriculture labourers
Situational assessment
o Agricultural land (how many acres – land suitable for agriculture - before and after RECENT FLOOD) o Crops / what grows usually – what is growing after RECENT FLOOD (if any) o Do they own any agricultural implements or machinery – do they use it to earn any income? How much? o How many people do farming regularly, how many work as agriculture labourers, what are they doing currently (own agriculture, own agriculture-labour, only agricultural labour) o What is the condition of the land they own / cultivate? o How much agricultural land do they own? o Is their land / the land they cultivate still submerged? o What do they plan to do with their land if they can‟t use it again for agriculture? o What other things did they do apart from agriculture? o Have they received trainings from any agency – where have they received – have they used the training for anything? o Do they use their own seeds? o After the harvest do they store the produce? For how long do they store it? Where do they store it? o Whom do they sell it to? o Does the buyer come to them directly or they have to go to a market or a trader and sell it? o Have they been selling to this buyer every year, or the persons keep changing over time? o Do they process the agricultural produce? o How and where do they sell the produce after processing (if they sell any) o Where do they store it until it is sold? o How do they decide the price in which to sell the produce? o Is there any bargaining on price? o How much did they sell the produce for last year? TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Rehabilitation and Recovery o What kinds of damages to life, land and soil, agricultural implements, water resources, etc. require repair? What are the person powers, financial resources, and technical inputs required to repair that damage? Are those available? From where can those be sourced?
Imparting Resilience o What is the most vulnerable aspect of agriculture / agri-labor as an occupation? How can those vulnerabilities be addressed?
o What are the social security schemes and entitlements that farmers / agri-labor are accessing / can access? With what benefits?
o What is the status of savings – amount, regularity, institution, and of financial inclusion of farming / agri-labor households? How can those be improved?
Mapping Institutions: Understand the present and potential roles of key institutions in rehabilitation, recovery and resilience of agriculture-based livelihoods: o SHGs, Cooperatives, Federations, other CBOs etc. o NGOs o Formal finance/credit, insurance o Government departments esp. (i) Agriculture and Co-operation, (ii) Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, (iii) Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, and (iv) Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Departments o Market – demand & supply, shifts in patterns o Any other institutions – traditional or formal
Livestock o How many animals / birds – what animals / birds did they have before RECENT FLOOD? o Has RECENT FLOOD changed the situation? o How many do they have now? o What purpose do animals serve for the family? o Do they sell any of it to the markets? o Is there space for animals in the nearby area to graze or feed? o After the RECENT FLOOD - do they still have animals - how will they replace these animals o Has it affected their food situation at home
Fisheries Situational assessment o Coastline (distance from the village/shelter) o Types of catch, any change in this over a period of time o Volume of catch, ways and means to increase the volume TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
o Price for each variety; preference for any particular variety o Fishing infrastructure and tools - boats, nets, hooks, etc. o Landing centres and other infrastructure, drying, cold storage etc. o Market facilities o Fees/charges for using various facilities and infrastructure o How do they transport the fish from the catch site to the market? o Local market for fish (or where is the catch sold) o Who are the buyers of these products? o Where is the fish sent by the buyers, local/inter-island/mainland/export market? o How many people involved in fishing (catch, transportation, storing, processing to marketing: any activity related to fishing) o How much do they earn from fishing? o What apart from fishing were they doing before RECENT FLOOD o How much do they earn from these other activities? o Anything other than fish that people collect form the sea o Do they use these products in their daily food? Do they sell it? Partly sold or completely sold o Are they sold directly after they are harvested from the sea or are they stored after they are harvested and before they are sold o Do you know what these products are used for? Rehabilitation and Recovery o What kinds of damages to life, water quality and resources, fishing gear, etc. require repair? What are the person power, financial resources, and technical inputs required to repair that damage? Are those available? From where can those be sourced?
Imparting Resilience o What is the most vulnerable aspect of fisheries as an occupation? How can those vulnerabilities be addressed? o What are the alternative livelihoods that fishing households can pursue? What are the financial resources and technical inputs required to achieve that shift and from where can those be sourced? o What are the social security schemes and entitlements that fisher folks are accessing / can access? With what benefits? o What is the status of savings – amount, regularity, institution, and of financial inclusion of fishing households? How can that be improved?
Mapping Institutions: Understand the present and potential roles of key institutions in rehabilitation, recovery and resilience of fishery-linked livelihoods: o SHGs, Cooperatives, Federations, other CBOs etc. o NGOs o Formal finance/credit, insurance o Government departments esp. (i) Agriculture and Co-operation, (ii) Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, (iii) Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, and (iv) Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Departments o Market – demand & supply, shifts in patterns o Any other institutions – traditional or formal TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Non-Timber Forest Produce o What type of non-timber produce do you get from the forest and/or common lands? o Why do you collect these (own use, market, etc.) o Who collects these produce (self, family, etc.) o Do you process, store these produce, if so what technique and how they got to know about it? o Where do they store it, for how long? o If it rains continuously what happens to the produce, how do they keep the produce dry and safe from infection? o How and where do you sell these? Does somebody come and buy it from you? Is it the same person every time? o How is the price at which you finally sell the produce fixed? o Do you employ labor in this activity? o How much income do you earn annually / seasonally from this? o Is there any change after RECENT FLOOD?
Artisans/ Craftsmen (carpenter, blacksmith, masonry, boats men, transport, shopkeeper, etc.) o What was the occupation you are /were involved in? o Is it a traditional occupation? o Is it a seasonal/regular means of employment/source of income? o Have you received any training for this – if so, from where? o Do you own the tools, equipment, vehicles needed to practise the trade? o From where do they get the required raw materials (wood, metal, commodities, etc.)? o Who are involved in the trade and in what manner (self, family, relatives)? o Do you also employ outside labor; if so in what part of the trade and at what terms? o Can you repair your tools and equipment; if not who does it? o How much were you earning from this (in terms of unit price and average monthly income o Where and how do you market the produce? o What other livelihood activities are you / your household involved in? o Is there any change in your / your household‟s livelihood engagement before and after RECENT FLOOD?
Plantation o Arecanut, Pan, Coconut, Banana, Coffee – what are the plantations available in the area? o How much of it has suffered damages due to RECENT FLOOD and what is the nature of damage? o How many people were involved (owned) with plantations? o How many people worked on the plantations? o What is the average production before and after RECENT FLOOD – what measures can be taken to increase production? o How are they / you rebuilding the plantations? o Where did they / you market the produce? TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
o How did they / you market it – directly/did somebody come and collect the produce from them / you? o What happens to the produce after it is harvested or collected? o What kind of processing is done of the produce and where is the unit where the produce is processed? o Who owns and who sells the processed produce? To whom? o What happened to the processing activity and unit after the RECENT FLOOD? o After that what happens – who sells the processed material o How much does a family usually earn annually / seasonally from these different produces – raw and processed?
Homestead/home gardens/ kitchen garden o Do the households here usually have home gardens? o Every individual family has a garden/ or do groups of families share a home garden? o What do they grow in it? o Who takes care of these home gardens? o What do they do with the produce – completely consume it themselves, sell it, share it with other people? o If they sell it where do they sell, how much do they earn usually from this? o If they don‟t have home gardens, from where do they meet the need for vegetables? o How regularly are vegetables available for purchase / barter? o Is vegetable a daily part of the food they take or is it occasional? o What difficulties do they face in getting vegetables? Has the difficulty increased or decreased post-RECENT FLOOD?
Mapping Institutions: Understand the present and potential roles of key institutions in rehabilitation, recovery and resilience of the other livelihoods: o SHGs, Cooperatives, Federations, other CBOs etc. o NGOs o Formal finance/credit, insurance o Government departments esp. (i) Agriculture and Co-operation, (ii) Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, (iii) Environment, Forests, Science and Technology, and (iv) Panchayati Raj and Rural Development Departments o Market – demand & supply, shifts in patterns o Any other institutions – traditional or formal
WASH Water
1. What are the current primary water sources? Do all groups access all sources?
2. Is there sufficient quantity of water (all purposes) throughout the year? Which are the lean periods? How much water is available per person per day currently (only for consumption and cooking)? (ask women how many pots/vessels of water they fill for household and drinking use and then calculate using average HH size) TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
3. How far are water collection points from where people live?
4. What are the other uses for the water source (bathing, bathing livestock, washing clothes, waste disposal, defecation near the source)?
5. What and where are possible alternative sources?
6. Do households feel that the water they consume is safe and of good quality?
C.4.1.1.1
7. Sanitation
C.4.1.1.2
C.4.1.1.3 Excreta disposal
8. What are the current beliefs and traditions concerning excreta disposal especially regarding women‟s habits and attitude towards child excreta? What are the practices adopted for menstrual hygiene?(to be asked with a group of women)
9. What are the existing kinds of toilet facilities used by the community? (flush, Are these sufficient and are operational?
10. If the toilets are operational, what are the barriers of the community in using the toilets? Do all groups have equitable access to these facilities?
11. Are current defecation areas close to water sources?
12. Are both men and women prepared to use communal toilets or family toilets?
Vector-borne disease
13. What are the vector borne disease risks and how serious are they?(i.e. Any obvious problem of flies, mosquitoes, rodents, cockroaches, fleas, lice or bedbugs?) 14. If vector borne risks high do people have access to individual protection?
15. How does the community deal with these vectors usually?
16. Is there any evidence of vector breeding sites – stagnant water/ uncovered pit toilets/water containers etc.
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
C.4.1.1.4 Solid waste disposal
17. How do people dispose of household waste? Where? 18. What type and quantity of solid waste is produced in each household? Are households able to dispose of it within their homes?
C.4.1.1.5
C.4.1.1.6 Drainage
19. Type of drainage existing in the community 20. Is there a drainage problem? (flooding shelters and toilets, vector breeding sites, polluted water contaminating living areas or water supplies)
Education
Are any of your children having any of the following problems: 1. Difficulty sleeping 2. Nightmares 3. Afraid of rain/ wind 4. Trouble leaving parent‟s constant company 5. Any emotional changes that are of concern? How far is the closest primary school? 1. In this village 2. Neighbouring village 3. Very far
How far is the closest Middle/ secondary school? 1. In this village 2. Neighbouring village 3. Very far
How do your children spend their time during the day? Children between the ages of 5-11 1. Play 2. School 3. Studies 4. Friends 5. Helping at household chores/ Errands 6. Others
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
How do your children spend their time during the day? Children between the ages of 12-17 1. Play 2. School 3. Studies 4. Friends 5. Helping at household chores/ Errands 6. Actively engaged in livelihood activity 7. Others \
Did any of your children have to stop going to school to contribute to family income by working?
8.3 Key Informant Information:
Key Informant Interview
Government Departments-
HEALTH, Agriculture, Livestock, Women & Child Welfare, Disaster management Department, PWD, DRDA, Chennai Corporation etc.
Damages/Loss-
Govt. Plan/ Schemes-
Challenges-
Suggestions-
8.4 JDNA Teams Details Name of Contact District Agencies Person Detail Email Id
Kanchipuram Care India Sashi Kumar 9600339071 [email protected] UNICEF Xavier Thomas 7093167463 [email protected]
REAL Chariatble S. Lawrence 9710394002 [email protected] Trust Prem kumar 9894666025
ESAF Siby Antony 9003099508 [email protected]
Thiruvalur ADRA India S. Manickam 9003263585 [email protected] TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
REAL Chariatble S. Lawrence
Trust 9710394002 [email protected]
ESAF Siby Antony 9003099508 [email protected]
World vision Balaji S. 9840846690 [email protected]
Chennai World vision Arockiaraj 9940488157 [email protected]
World vision Kunal Shah 8754594257 [email protected] REAL Chariatble S. Lawrence
Trust 9710394002 [email protected]
IAG Convener Antony 9750365723 [email protected] Cuddalore REAL CREED/ CARE India Karunai BLESS/ OXFAM
ROAD
KV
SASY WASH BWDA SANGAM Life Help SPEED
IAG Convener Chinnapan 9443047406 [email protected] CECODE, Block Vikrravandi Villupuram ACT Kalvi Kendra SASY CECOWOR PMD
SAMSSS
Good Will
RCT VCDS Shathinilayam DE GREAT PDC
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
8.5 Report Writing Team:
Contact Chennai Contact Sectors District Level person Level person Shelter Care India Sashi WVI Balaji WASH WVI Regina WVI Regina Food, Nutrition & Livelihood Care India D Yeswanth WVI Arockiaraj Health WVI Rahul Mathew Validation & review IAG Tamilnadu Reports Compilation Sphere India
8.6 Assessment Areas District Wise:
Based on governemnt reports, published secondary data and damages as observed, shared by the field organisation – four severly flood affected districts namely Cuddalore, Kanchipuram, Thiruvallur and Villupuram were selected for the study. For the assessment, Multi stage random sampling was followed in selection of blocks, villages and individual households. From each district the most affected blocks were selected from which randomly based on the extent of damage 3-4 villages / habitation was selected for the study. Of the total population living in the selected village / habitation about 10 percent of the households were selected for individual data collection. To ensure representation from different sections of the community and also to capture information on different aspects (Shelter, WASH, Livelihood) it was decided to collect information from households comprising 70 % dalit; tribal community and remaining 30 % from non-dalit households and non- marginalised labourers. District Cuddalore
Block Panchayat Villages Total no. Sample HH NGOs of HHs (8-10 %) (70% Dalits & 30% Non Dalits) Parangipet Manjakuli Methukuppam 181 14 KV Silambimangalam Athumedu 48 5 KV Periyakaramedu Periyakaramedu 120 10 SASY Kumaratchi Thirunaraiyur Veeranatham 200 20 CREED Nanchallur Nanjalur 251 21 CREED Melavanniyur Melavanniyur 150 15 Sangam Bhuvnagiri Adivarayanallur Adivarayanallur Colony 200 20 ROAD Kollakudi Kolaludi 220 22 Bless Thalakulam Maruthur 200 15 Karunai TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Kurinjipadi Athinarayanpuram Athinarayanapuram 300 25 BLESS Sirupalaiyur Sirupalaiyur Nagar 157 15 WASH Kalkunam Kalkunam Nagar 350 35 SPEED Theerthanagini Potakaraimedu 58 6 Lifehelp Cuddalore Sundrorpalayam Bimaroa 150 10 SANGAM Ward 9 Anurthathiyar Nagar 128 10 ROAD Vellapakkam Vellupakkam 400 30 BWDA kattumanarkovil T.P Irudhaya puram 158 15 REAL Melaradhampur Melaradhampur 150 15 REAL Maniyam Adoor Maniyam Adoor 150 15 REAL 6 Blocks 19 Panchayat 19 villages 322 HH
District Villupuram:
Sample HH (8-10 %) Total no. Block Panchayat Villages (70% Dalits NGOs of HHs & 30% Non Dalits) Royanallur Royanallur 175 15 VCDS Marakanam SAMSSS & Marakanam Marakannam 250 25 PDC Vannipear Vannipear 98 10 KK RCT, ACT, Anawari Anawari 320 30 SAMSSS SASY, DE T.V. Nallur Anatur Anatur 170 17 Great S. nilayam, Iruvelpattu Iruvelpattu 230 20 PMD, De Great CECOWOR, Kanikapuram Kanikapuram 250 25 PMD CECOWOR, Gingee Anjancheri Anjancheri 220 20 CECODE M G R CECOWOR, Nagar MGR Nagar 450 40 KK, SAMSSS Shathinilayam, Ward No. 30 Uralkaraimedu 80 8 SAMSSS SASY, Good Villupuram town Ward No. 40 Thamaraikulam 72 7 Will Shathinilayam, Ward No. 21 Anna nagar 120 12 KK, ACT 4 12 12 2435 229
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
District Kancheepuram:
Block Panchayat Villages Total no. Sample HH NGOs going of HHs (8-10 %) to viilage (70% Dalits & 30% Non Dalits, Non marginalized laborors) Thirukalkundram Kadambadi 5 Periya Colony 19 Karaithittu 20 Vadakadambad 11 i Care India & Nallur 13 UNICEF Pattikkadu 12 Annai Sathya 15 Nagar Kuzhipanthand 5 alam Thiruporur Kovilambaka Kovilambakam m 250 15 ESAF Perumbakam Perumbakkam 75 7 ESAF Injumbakka Injumbakkam m 500 20 ESAF Thaiyoor Thaiyoor 200 15 ESAF 2 16 villages 190 3
District Thiruvalur:
Block Panchayat Villages Total no. Sample HH NGOs going to of HHs (5-10 %) viilage approx. (70% Dalits & 30% Non Dalits) Menjur Athipattu Athipattu Pudunagar 500 20 Sadayankuppan Manalipudhunagar 300 15 ESAF/ ADRA Vichur Theyambakkam 150 7 Pazhaverkadu Pazhaverkadu 500 20 Andarkuppam Napallayam 150 7 Poonnallee Nasretpettai 200 10 REAL Ambatur Padee Padee 100 5 REAL Thiruninravur Thiruninravur Thiruninravur 200 10 REAL TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
4 7 7 2100 94 2
To summarise from among the four selected districts, 13 blocks were selected. Across selected block based on extent of damage 42 village / habitation were identified to collect household information (690 households). Following table summarise the district, block and number of sample households covered under the study.
No District Block Field Partner Organisation Households Covered (No) 1 Kanchipuram Tirukalukundram CARE India 116 Sholinganallur ESAF Kurinjipadi SPEED ; Karunai Educational Social Development Trust ; LIFE HELP; WASH; BLESS 2 Cuddalore Kumaratchi CREED; SANGHAM 306 kattumanarkoil REAL Bhuvanagiri BLESS Parangipettai ROAD; SASY; Karunai Vizhigal Cuddalore town ROAD; BWDA; SANGHAM 3 Thiruvallur Minjur ADRA 21 Marakanam Village Community Development Society ; Kalvi Kendra Thiruvennainallur TSJ-Shanthi Nilayam ; ACT;PMD; SASY; 4 Villupuram De GREAT Trust 155 Gingee CECOWOR Villupuram town Kalvi Kendra; TSJ-SHANTHI NILAYAM; SAMSSS; GOODWILL Total HHs covered 598
9.5 Contacts of the Key stakeholders: Government officials of Tamilnadu Department Designation Name Contact Email Id Thiru K. Govt. of Chief
Gnanadesika 25671555 [email protected] Tamilnadu Secretary n, I.A.S., Revenue/ Principle 944500044 Relief & Secretary/ Thiru Atulya 4, 044- [email protected] Rehabilitation Commissione Mishra, IAS 28523299 department r TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Principle Commissione Secretary/ Vikram 044- [email protected] r Chennai
Commissione Kapur, IAS 25619200 v.in Corporation r 044- 28544249 Joint 044- Commissione 28528745 State r, (Disaster Tmt.R.Lilly,
Revenue Management I.A.S., 994050838 and 5 Mitigation) 944500066 6 044- Thiru.Pradee State Commissione 28525034 p Yadav, Revenue r (S.S.S), 971741838 I.A.S., 3 Social Welfare Jt. Secretary Ashish Kumar Department Deputy 94444 SDMA Commissione Kandasamy 46559 r- Works
Health & Dr J 25671875,
Family Secretary Radhakrishna Fax [email protected] Welfare n IAS :25671253
04142- 230666 04142- Revenue District Dr.S.Suresh 230651 - [email protected]; [email protected] Cuddalore collector Kumar, I.A.S 54,230555 944413900 0 044 - Revenue Tmt. 27237433, District Kancheepura R.Gajalakshm 27238478, '[email protected]'; [email protected] collector m i I.A.S Fax : 044- 27237789
(044) Thiru K. 27661600, Revenue District Veera '[email protected]'; '[email protected]'; 27662533 Tiruvallur collector Raghava Rao, '[email protected]'; '[email protected]' Fax : (044) I.A.S, 27662299 TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
04146- '[email protected]'; '[email protected]'; Revenue District Tmt M 222450(O), '[email protected]'; Viluppuram collector Lakshmi, IAS 222480(R), '[email protected]' 222470(F)
10. Photographs
Upr oot ed tree s
TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
Sedimentation and water logging in Paddy field
FGD with Women community members TAMILNADU FLOODS: JOINT DETAIL NEEDS ASSESSMENT REPORT, 2015-16
FGD with village community