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Snow Measurement Activities and Facilities in Turkey

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Snow Measurement Activities and Facilities in Turkey Snow Measurement Activities and Facilities in Turkey Arda Şorman and Aynur Şensoy Anadolu University, Dept. of Civil Eng., Eskişehir, TURKEY COST ES1404 Meeting 3-4 November 2015, Helsinki Republic of Turkey TURKEY bridges Europe and Asia continents Area: 770,000 km2 Population: 77 million Catchments in Turkey 26 catchments in Turkey ra BLACK SEA Ku 24 Ergene 13 iç H 23 r s a e 1 o r 2 ly z K A ş as M i re el k 22 it Ar F v k su h Marmara Sea De it ru 14 Ço Yeş ilırmak ek er ek 2 Sakarya Ç u as i 3 ar er 25 Porsuk ak K M P rm u S ılı n u ız z su 15 K u rlu Sa 12 K r at S k ka ız Mur 4 imav ry ılır 21 H ay a m oşa ırç ak p ak B B Tohma atm A 5 an 26 E Gediz 11 otan B p S M a e Dicle Z le n nd a iz h K. Menderes n 6 y t 7 e a a h r N 16 S ı res Ç y F de a e A en r . M şa 18 C H B u mb 20 a E s b a C u k r A y o k 10 A a l G ç a a y ç p ü r E an p 9 ö A m G a K al ö 17 k D s n u e 19 s E 8 i s MEDITERRANEAN SEA A Figure 4.1 Streamflow measuring regions in Turkey Distribution of Annual Precipitation in Turkey 200 600 2500 Topography of Turkey Mean Elevation 1140 m Mean Slope 17.3% Elevation (m) Snow in Turkey Average elevation of Turkey > 1100 m, snow is seen frequently Snow stays on ground in Eastern Anatolia Northeast Anatolia Central Anatolia COST, Helsinki, 2015 http://www.natice.noaa.gov/ 6 Data Collection in Turkey State Meteorological Service (MGM) (meteorological, snow data) State Hydraulic Works (DSI) (discharge, snow data) Universities (meteorological, snow, discharge data) Private Companies (meteorological, snow, discharge data) 7 Snow Measurements Late 1960 s by manual snow courses ~ 175 stations Early 2000 s automatic SnoTel ~ 35 stations COST, Helsinki, 2015 8 Projects Conducted NATO Science for Stability (SfS), 1999-2003 Turkish State Planning Organization (DPT), 2003-2005 Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TÜBİTAK), 2008-2016 Anadolu University Scientific Research Projects (BAP), 2007-2016 EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facilities in Hydrology (H-SAF), 2005-2017 COST Project, 2014-2018 9 Euphrates-Tigris Basins (Mesopotamia-Transboundary Rivers) Riparian countries: Turkey, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia Euphrates: 21% 90% Tigris: 14% 53% Euph.-Tigris: 71% Altınbilek (2004) Wat. Res. Dev. 10 Pilot Basin - Upper Euphrates 60–70% of the total runoff volume originate during snowmelt period…. Large dams downstream COST, Helsinki, 2015 11 Güzelyayla SnoTel (2065 m) COST, Helsinki, 2015 12 Sensors Wind Snow Depth Temp/Humid Telecom Panel Net Rad Global Rad COST, Helsinki, 2015 13 Precipitation Gauge 30 cm dia. tipping bucket COST, Helsinki, 2015 14 Snow Pillow ~ 3 m diameter COST, Helsinki, 2015 15 Güzelyayla (2065 m) Güzelyayla SnoTel Snow Depth Snow (cm) Depth DSİ, Ankara, 2015 16 Palandöken SnoTel (2610 m) COST, Helsinki, 2015 17 Palandöken SnoTel (2610 m) COST, Helsinki, 2015 18 Satellite Monitoring MODIS IMS MSG-SEVIRI DSİ, Ankara, 2015 19 Snow Covered Area DSİ, Ankara, 2015 20 Snow Water Equivalent DSİ, Ankara, 2015 21 Hydrological Modeling HBV SRM (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalans) (Snowmelt-Runoff Model ) Two different conceptual models using temperature-index method COST, Helsinki, 2015 22 3 2 BIAS (m /s) R Kalibrasyon -9.03 0.86 (2001 – 2008) Doğrulama -1.39 0.84 COST, Helsinki, 2015 23 (2009 – 2012) Satellite Forecasting SnoTel EPS (Probabilistic) Hydrologic Model Stream Gage WRF (Deterministic) Daily Forecasts COST, Helsinki, 2015 24 Erzurum (1850 m) COST, Helsinki, 2015 25 THANK YOU Dr. Arda Sorman [email protected].
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