Sztuka Plakatu Olimpijskiego Olympic Poster

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Sztuka Plakatu Olimpijskiego Olympic Poster SZTUKA PLAKATU OLIMPIJSKIEGO HISTORIA I ZNACZENIE OLYMPIC POSTER ART ITS HISTORY AND MEANING SZTUKA PLAKATU OLIMPIJSKIEGO HISTORIA I ZNACZENIE OLYMPIC POSTER ART ITS HISTORY AND MEANING SPIS TREŚCI Jury Międzynarodowego Niewinna radość z wysiłku Konkursu Plakatu Olga Cygan z okazji 100-lecia Innocent joy of an effort Polskiego Komitetu Olimpijskiego Jury of the International Poster Competition for the 100th Anniversary of the Polish Olympic Committee Razem możemy zdziałać więcej Znaczenie idei olimpijskiej – o związku sportu ze sztuką I CZĘŚĆ Karel Mišek Andrzej Kraśnicki The significance MIĘDZYNARODOWY Together we can achieve more of the Olympic ideal KoNKURS PLAKATU – on the connection between Z OKAZJI 100-LECIA sport and art POLSKIEGO KoMITETU OLIMPIJSKIEGO PART I 7 12 18 25 26 28 32 34 INTERNATIONAL POSTER COMPETITION FOR THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY Konkurs ukazał Plakat jest sztandarem OF THE POLISH Uzasadnienie różnorodność współczesnych wartości olimpijskich OLYMPIC COMMITTEE pierwszej nagrody tendencji projektowych Wywiad Kultura fizyczna plakatu Yossi Lemel i języków wizualnych Lech Majewski Max Skorwider The rationale Mateusz Machalski The physical culture for awarding The competition has shown Interview of the poster the first prize a multiplicity of design trends The poster is a medium and visual languages for proclaiming Olympic values CONTENTS Plakat olimpijski – jednostkowość w zbiorowości Aleksandra Lewandowska Plakaty na Zimowe The Olympic poster – Igrzyska Olimpijskie individuality Igrzyska a sztuka Posters for in collectiveness Visa, sztuka i sport Karol Ozonek the Olympic Winter Visa, art & sport Games and art Games II CZĘŚĆ III CZĘŚĆ POLSKA SZKOła OFICJALNE PLAKATU (OLIMPIJSKIEGO) PLAKATY OLIMPIJSKIE 46 51 PART II 55 72 73 82 PART III 86 106 POLISH (OLYMPIC) OFFICIAL POSTER SCHOOL OLYMPIC POSTERS Dni Polskie Plakat jest sztandarem Polish Days wartości olimpijskich O konkursie i wystawach Plakaty okolicznościowe Wywiad Z okazji 100-lecia Polskiego Polskiego Komitetu Plakaty na Komitetu Olimpijskiego Igrzyska Olimpijskie Lech Majewski Olimpijskiego About the competition Posters for the Games Commemorative & the exhibitions posters of of the Olympiad TH for the 100 Anniversary the Polish Olympic of the Polish Olympic Committee Committee DOROTA PROBA POLAND Sto lat! / Happy Birthday I CZĘŚĆ / PART I MIĘDZYNARodowY KoNKURS PLAKATU Z OKAZJI 100-LECIA POLSKIEGO KoMITETU OLIMPIJSKIEGO INTERNATIONAL POSTER COMPETITION FOR THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE POLISH OLYMPIC COMMITTEE ATTILA KANTOR HUNGARY 6 Współczesny duch tradycji / The Modern Spirit of Tradition RAZEM MOżemy zDziałaĆ WIĘCEJ ToGETHER WE CAN ACHIEVE MOre – ON – O ZWiązku SPORTU ZE Sztuką THE CONNECTION BETWEEN SPORT AND ART Andrzej Kraśnicki Andrzej Kraśnicki Prezes Polskiego Komitetu Olimpijskiego President of the Polish Olympic Committee Igrzyska olimpijskie zawsze dostarczały niezwykłych emocji The Olympic Games have always aroused incredible excite- i przeżyć zarówno sportowcom, jak i kibicom z całego świa- ment and provided fantastic experiences to athletes and ta. Jednak misja ruchu olimpijskiego zapoczątkowanego spectators from all over the world. However, the mission of przez twórcę nowożytnych igrzysk olimpijskich – Pierre’a de the Olympic Movement, as laid down by the father of the Coubertin – jest o wiele szersza, a wszelkie działania na styku modern Olympic Games, Pierre de Coubertin, is much broa- dziedzin sportu i sztuki stanowią jej niezwykle ważną część. der than that, and those activities where sport meets art con- Pierre de Coubertin dostrzegał, że sport jest nośnikiem stitute an exceptionally important part of it. wartości, które składają się na spójną filozofię życia i nazwał ją De Coubertin recognized that sport represented and olimpizmem, podając w ten sposób źródło samej idei igrzysk. promoted a coherent set of values comprising a consistent Dzięki swojej naturze, sport jest sposobem na upowszech- philosophy of life. He named this philosophy Olympism, nianie uniwersalnych wartości i zachowań. Przyjaźń, fair play, thereby establishing it as the founding concept of the Games. tolerancja i solidarność czy dążenie do doskonałości łączą lu- Sport is a vehicle for promoting universal values and con- dzi z całego świata bez względu na szerokość geograficzną, duct by its very nature. Friendship, fair play, tolerance, solida- kulturę bądź wyznanie. Podkreślając humanistyczne warto- rity and striving for perfection bring people from all over the ści sportu, Coubertin stworzył współczesne ramy dla staro- world together, regardless of differences in geography, cul- żytnej idei, z której wyrastają igrzyska – greckiej kalokagathii, ture or faith. By emphasizing the humanistic values of sport, będącej połączeniem piękna (kalos) i dobra (kagathos). de Coubertin created a contemporary setting for the ancient Grecy uważali związek physis z duchową naturą czło- Greek ideal of kalos kagathos (literally: beautiful + virtuous). wieka za nierozerwalny i konieczny dla harmonijnego roz- The ancient Greeks considered the link between physis woju jednostki, współcześnie zaś trudno wyobrazić sobie and spirituality inextricable and indispensable to an individ- igrzyska olimpijskie w oderwaniu od świata kultury i sztuki. ual’s harmonic development. It would therefore be difficult to Wszakże igrzyska to nie tylko współzawodnictwo sportowe, imagine the Olympic Games detached from art and culture. ale i „wizualna uczta” dla kibiców z całego świata. Dlatego sta- Indeed, the Games are not only a sports contest, but a “visual le rosnąca popularność przedsięwzięcia, jak i ponadczasowe, feast” for viewers all over the world. This explains why the humanistyczne przesłanie, przyciągają uwagę artystów i pro- ever increasing popularity of the event, and the timeless, wokują do artystycznego wysiłku, konsekwentnie umacnia- humanist message it conveys, continue to attract the atten- jąc tym samym związek sportu olimpijskiego ze sztuką. tion of artists and inspire their works, thereby consistently Wybitnym grafikiem był zresztą sam Pierre de Coubertin, strengthening the link between Olympic sport and art. który niesiony emocjami igrzysk w Sztokholmie w 1912 roku De Coubertin was an outstanding graphic artist himself. zaprojektował jeden z najbardziej znanych symboli na świecie – The spirit of the Stockholm Games in 1912 inspired him to de- pięć kolorowych, splecionych ze sobą okręgów symbolizujących sign one of the best known symbols in the world – the five inter- zjednoczenie wszystkich narodów na pięciu kontynentach. Już locking colored rings that symbolize the unity of all the na- wtedy zdawał sobie sprawę, że idea olimpijska wymaga przemy- tions of the world’s five continents. Even then, he realized that ślanej oprawy graficznej, która ułatwi każdemu identyfikowanie the Olympic ideal required a carefully thought out ideogram 7 się z jej uniwersalnym przesłaniem i zapewni – jak dziś to określa- my – zasięg globalny. Pierwszym użytym w tym celu nośnikiem stał się właśnie plakat, który narodził się niewiele wcześniej niż nowożytne igrzyska i na stałe się z nimi związał. Oczywiście, z biegiem lat ikonografia igrzysk oraz środki wyrazu niezwykle się rozwinę- ły, choć pewnie tak by się nie stało, gdyby nie zaangażowanie i wkład czołowych artystów każdej epoki, którzy nie mogąc oprzeć się pięknu olimpijskich ideałów zawsze chętnie się z nimi mierzyli, filtrując je przez właściwy dla siebie kontekst kulturowy. Podobnie działo się w Polsce, od momentu powołania Polskiego Komitetu Olimpijskiego w 1919 roku ruch olim- pijski bardzo szybko nabierał coraz większego, społecznego znaczenia. Polakom związek sztuki ze sportem od początku wydawał się naturalny i oczywisty. Przekonują o tym suk- cesy rodaków w Olimpijskich Konkursach Sztuki i Literatu- ry, będących w programie igrzysk od 1912 do 1948 roku. Łącznie zdobyliśmy w nich osiem medali olimpijskich, z któ- rych pierwszy dla Polski zdobył wybitny poeta i dziennikarz Kazimierz Wierzyński za tomik wierszy Laur olimpijski. Mia- ło to miejsce w czasie Igrzysk IX Olimpiady w Amsterdamie (1928), podczas których pierwsze olimpijskie złoto dla Polski (w rzucie dyskiem) wywalczyła Halina Konopacka. Ta zbież- ność potwierdza już wtedy istniejący, silny związek polskiego sportu ze sztuką oraz wysoki poziom obydwu. Warto pamiętać, iż również wybitni polscy olimpijczy- cy zdradzali talenty artystyczne i umiłowanie dla sztuki. Dla przykładu, wspomniana Konopacka malowała obrazy, pisa- ła wiersze i rzeźbiła, Bronisław Czech malował na szkle, Jerzy Skolimowski był autorem wielu plakatów sportowych, a Woj- ciech Zabłocki był uznanym architektem. PKOl od początku starał się umacniać więź sportu z kultu- rą poprzez organizowanie Krajowych Olimpijskich Konkursów Sztuki (1928-2004), a od 1969 do dziś przyznaje nagrodę Waw- rzyn Olimpijski, która wręczana jest twórcom z różnych dziedzin. WEI XU CHINA Przekazując ducha olimpizmu 8 Passing the Olympic Spirit that would be readily identifiable with its universal message and ensure what we would today describe as a global reach. The first medium for spreading the Olympic ideal was the poster. This came into being shortly before the modern Games and has been associated with them ever since. The iconography of the Games and the means through which it is expressed have clearly changed beyond recognition over the years. This could obviously not have happened without the contribution and commitment of the foremost artists of every era, who have found the beauty of Olympic ideals irresistible and have always been
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