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Reference List Reference List Title: The Care and Feeding of the Endocannabinoid System: Cannabis and Beyond, by Janice Newell Bissex, MS, RDN, FAND, and Bonnie Johnson, MD, RDN References: Part 1, Bonnie Johnson, MS, RDN: 1. Di Marzo V. 'Endocannabinoids' and other fatty acid derivatives with cannabimimetic properties: biochemistry and possible physiopathological relevance. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998;1392(2- 3):153-175. 2. Pertwee RG. Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years. Br J Pharmacol. 2006;147 Suppl 1:S163-S171. 3. Adams R, Hunt M, Clark JH. Structure of cannabidiol, a product isolated from the marihuana extract of Minnesota wild hemp. J Am Chem Soc. 1940;62(1):196-200. 4. Mechoulam R. Marihuana: Chemistry, Pharmacology, Metabolism and Clinical Effects. New York, NY: Academic Press; 1973. 5. Devane WA, Dysarz FA 3rd, Johnson MR, Melvin LS, Howlett AC. Determination and characterization of a cannabinoid receptor in rat brain. Mol Pharmacol. 1988;34(5):605-613. 6. Matsuda LA, Lolait SJ, Brownstein MJ, Young AC, Bonner TI. Structure of a cannabinoid receptor and functional expression of the cloned cDNA. Nature. 1990;346(6284):561-564. 7. Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, et al. Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science. 1992;258(5090):1946-1949. 8. Munro S, Thomas KL, Abu-Shaar M. Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature. 1993;365(6441):61-65. 9. Stella N, Schweitzer P, Piomelli D. A second endogenous cannabinoid that modulates long-term potentiation. Nature. 1997;388(6644):773-778. 10. Piomelli D, Giuffrida A, Calignano A, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. The endocannabinoid system as a target for therapeutic drugs. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2000;21(6):218-224. 11. Russo EB. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment- resistant conditions? Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2008;29(2):192-200. 12. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: the current state of evidence and recommendations for research. https://www.nap.edu/read/24625/chapter/1. Published 2017. 13. Glass M, Dragunow M, Faull RL. Cannabinoid receptors in the human brain: a detailed anatomical and quantitative autoradiographic study in the fetal, neonatal and adult human brain. Neuroscience. 1997;77(2):299-318. 14. Onaivi ES. Commentary: functional neuronal CB2 cannabinoid receptors in the CNS. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2011;9(1):205-208. 15. Atwood BK, Mackie K. CB2: a cannabinoid receptor with an identity crisis. Br J Pharmacol. 2010;160(3):467-479. 16. Hauser AS, Chavali S, Masuho I, et al. Pharmacogenomics of GPCR drug targets. Cell. 2018;172(1- 2):41-54.e19. 17. Bisongo T, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V. Fatty acid amide hydrolase, an enzyme with many bioactive substrates. Possible therapeutic implications. Curr Pharm Des. 2002;8(7):533-547. 18. Dinh TP, Carpenter D, Leslie FM, et al. Brain monoglyceride lipase participating in endocannabinoid inactivation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(16):10819-10824. 19. Russo EB. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency reconsidered: current research supports the theory in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel, and other treatment-resistant syndromes. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2016;1(1):154-165. 20. McPartland JM, Guy GW, Di Marzo V. Care and feeding of the endocannabinoid system: a systemic review of potential clinical interventions that upregulate the endocannabinoid system. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e89566. 21. Alvheim AR, Malde MK, Osei-Hyiaman D, et al. Dietary linoleic acid elevates endogenous 2-AG and anandamide and induces obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(10):1984-1994. 22. Fowler CJ, Janson U, Johnson RM, et al. Inhibition of anandamide hydrolysis by the enantiomers of ibuprofen, ketorolac, and flurbiprofen. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1999;362(2):191-196. 23. Högestätt ED, Jönsson BAG, Ermund A, et al. Conversion of acetaminophen to the bioactive N- acylphenolamine AM404 via fatty acid amide hydrolase-dependent arachidonic acid conjugation in the nervous system. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(36):31405-31412. 24. Rousseaux C, Thuru X, Gelot A, et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med. 2007;13(1):35-37. 25. González S, Cascio MG, Fernández-Ruiz F, Fezza F, Di Marzo V, Ramos JA. Changes in endocannabinoid contents in the brain of rats chronically exposed to nicotine, ethanol or cocaine. Brain Res. 2002;954(1):73-81. Part 2, Janice N. Bissex, MS, RDN: 1. Atakan Z. Cannabis, a complex plant: different compounds and different effects on individuals. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol. 2012;2(6):241-254. 2. Bonn-Miller MO, Loflin MJE, Thomas BF, Marcu JP, Hyke T, Vandrey R. Labeling accuracy of cannabidiol extracts sold online. JAMA. 2017;318(17):1708-1709. 3. Bonn-Miller MO, ElSohly MA, Loflin MJE, Chandra S, Vandrey R. Cannabis and cannabinoid drug development: evaluating botanical versus single molecule approaches. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2018;30(3):277-284. 4. Cannabinoids as antioxidants and neuroprotectants. National Library of Medicine website. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US6630507 5. Devitt-Lee A. CBD-drug interactions: role of cytochrome P450. Project CBD website. https://www.projectcbd.org/medicine/cbd-drug-interactions/p450. Published September 8, 2015. Accessed March 24, 2020. 6. Di Forti M, Quattrone D, Freeman TP, et al. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6(5):P427-P436. 7. Drug scheduling. Drug Enforcement Administration website. https://www.dea.gov/drug- scheduling. Accessed February 7, 2020. 8. Esposito G, Filippis DD, Cirillo C, et al. Cannabidiol in inflammatory bowel diseases: a brief overview. Phytother Res. 2013;27(5):633-636. 9. Gage SH, Hickman M, Zammit S. Association between cannabis and psychosis: epidemiologic evidence. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79(7):549-556. 10. Garey J. Marijuana and psychosis. Child Mind Institute website. https://childmind.org/article/marijuana-and-psychosis/ 11. Gupta S. Why I changed my mind on weed. CNN website. https://www.cnn.com/2013/08/08/health/gupta-changed-mind-marijuana/index.html. Updated August 8, 2013. 12. Holistic Cannabis Academy website. https://holisticcannabisacademy.com/. Accessed February 7, 2019. 13. Idris AI, Sophocleous A, Landao-Bassonga E, et al. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 protects against age-related osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation in marrow stromal cells. Cell Metab. 2009;10(2):139-147. 14. Kogan NM, Melamed E, Wasserman E, et al. Cannabidiol, a major non-psychotropic cannabis constituent enhances fracture healing and stimulates lysyl hydroxylase activity in osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res. 2015;30(10):1905-1913. 15. Kossen J. How does cannabis interact with other drugs? Leafly website. https://www.leafly.com/news/health/cannabis-cannabinoids-drug-interactions. Published March 23, 2017. 16. Lee JLC, Bertoglio LJ, Guimarães FS, Stevenson CW. Cannabidiol regulation of emotion and emotional memory processing: relevance for treating anxiety‐related and substance abuse disorders. Br J Pharmacol. 2017;174(19):3242-3256. 17. Manzanares J, Julian M, Carrascosa A. Role of the cannabinoid system in pain control and therapeutic implications for the management of acute and chronic pain episodes. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2006;4(3):239-257. 18. Marijuana. National Institute on Drug Abuse website. https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana. Updated December 2019. Accessed April 7, 2020. 19. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: the current state of evidence and recommendations for research. https://www.nap.edu/read/24625/chapter/1. Published 2017. 20. Pretzsch CM, Freyberg J, Voinescu B, et al. Effects of cannabidiol on brain excitation and inhibition systems; a randomised placebo-controlled single dose trial during magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44(8):1398-1405. 21. Ross JM, Ellingson JM, Rhee SH, et al. Investigating the causal effect of cannabis use on cognitive function with a quasi-experimental co-twin design. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2020;206;107712. 22. Russo EB. Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;163(7):1344-1364. 23. Sallaberry C, Astern L. The endocannabinoid system, our universal regulator. J Young Investig. 2018;34(6):48-55. 24. 2018 Farm Bill. United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, & Forestry website. https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/2018-farm-bill. Accessed February 7, 2020. 25. World Health Organization. Cannabidiol (CBD): critical review report. https://www.who.int/medicines/access/controlled-substances/CannabidiolCriticalReview.pdf. Published June 2018. Accessed February 27, 2020. .
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