Hydrodynamic and Salinity Simulation in the Lower Lakes, South Australia and Proposed Coastal Reservoir

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Hydrodynamic and Salinity Simulation in the Lower Lakes, South Australia and Proposed Coastal Reservoir University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection 2017+ University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2017 Hydrodynamic and Salinity Simulation in the Lower Lakes, South Australia and Proposed Coastal Reservoir Jianli Liu University of Wollongong Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1 University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Liu, Jianli, Hydrodynamic and Salinity Simulation in the Lower Lakes, South Australia and Proposed Coastal Reservoir, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, 2017. https://ro.uow.edu.au/theses1/143 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Hydrodynamic and Salinity Simulation in the Lower Lakes, South Australia and Proposed Coastal Reservoir A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy From UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by Jianli Liu (B.Sc., M.Sc.) School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences 2017 CERTIFICATION I, Jianli Liu, declare that this thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Civil, Mining&Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics Science at the University of Wollongong, and is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. The document has not been submitted for qualifications to any other academic institution. Jianli Liu 13 November 2017 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express my sincere appreciation to my supervisor Associate Professor Shuqing Yang. He is a great advisor and tremendous mentor for me. He gives me his enthusiastic support and constant encouragement to help me overcome the challenges during my PhD study. His supervision and supports are highly appreciated. I also thank my co-supervisor, Associate Professor Muttucumaru Sivakumar for his enthusiastic and unconditional help and encouragement in all aspects of this research project. His prompt response to my emails, professional supervision and rigorous thinking styles have all help train me to be a professional scholar. He has also set a great model for me in terms of research integrity. I am deeply grateful to him. Sincere appreciation is dedicated to my co-supervisor, Associate Professor Brian Jones, for his supportive guidance and great advice. His patience, calmness, and warm support to me really soften my heart and make me more confident. His availability, whenever needed with his heavy workload, is gratefully appreciated. Thanks also go to the University of Wollongong Faculty of Engineering whose efforts made the access to the relevant software used possible, as well as the DHI Group for giving permission to use the MIKE software and their support to my modelling study. I also extend my sincere gratitude to the administration staff at the University of Wollongong, Rhondalee Cambareri, Leonie McIntyre, for their support. Sincere acknowledgements are expressed to Associate Professor Ting Ren, Errol Mclean, and Keith Enever, for their constant support. I extend my great appreciation to Rohan Hudson from BMT WBM for his selfless help during my study. Special thanks to Jason Higham from Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR), Government of South Australia (SA), for his suggestions and comments on my study. I thank the officers from DEWNR for providing the bathymetry data and Water Connect, SA for providing water level and salinity data. I am also grateful to the officers from Murray Darling Basin Authority for providing relative information. I thank all of my friends who supported and accompanied me during my PhD study. I extend my great gratitude to my lovely colleagues: Dr Nadeesha Keembiye Liyana Gamage, Dr Yu ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Han and Yahong Kuang. I thank all my friends for supporting me throughout all my studies: Dr Linda Tie, Liang Zhang, Jixuan Li, Jie Zhang, Jian Li, Jun Zhang, Hui Wang, Su Huang and so on. Special thanks to Darshika Palamakumbure and Yihe Wang for their encouragement and support. Last but not least, I thank my husband Dr Tongfei Tian, my daughter Yiran Olivia Tian, my mother and father, my mother-in-law and father-in-law. In the past a year, a variety of things have happened to me. My dear grandpa who I highly respect passed away; the pregnancy with my second baby was terminated due to the baby’s health issue. My families comforted and encouraged me. It’s their understanding, unwavering support, and sacrifices to help me to complete this thesis. iii ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Water resources are irreplaceable resources for human survival and development, which is the foundation for sustainable environmental, economic and social development. Currently, global water resources are facing a huge crisis. Increasingly industrial and agricultural production and human activities consume a large amount of water. Climatic factors and geographic reasons lead to uneven space-time distribution of water resources. These issues are of great concern for policymakers and researchers. This study discusses the current existing water supply sources and proposes a coastal reservoir strategy to provide water for people by storing water from runoff, which is otherwise going to the sea, to solve water shortage crisis. Adelaide was taken as a case study. It is one of the driest state capital cities in Australia, which receives 60%-70% of its water supply in normal years and 80%-90% of its water supply in drought years from the Murray River. From 09/2001 until 2008, the Murray- Darling Basin experienced a severe rainfall deficiency, the second driest seven-year period in its recorded history. This drought aggravated the water crisis in South Australia, especially in the Adelaide area. The strategy of building a coastal reservoir in the Lower Lakes is to alleviate Adelaide water shortage. The Lower Lakes (Lake Alexandrina and Lake Albert), located about 100 km south-east of Adelaide, are a set of large, shallow, fluvial lakes at the downstream end of the Murray- Darling Basin, Australia. This research firstly investigates hydrodynamic and numerical salinity simulations in the Lower Lakes through setting up 1D and 2D models by using MIKE software. A 1D model is applied for five barrage structures while a 2D model was used to reproduce the hydrodynamic processes and salinity changes in the Lower Lakes. The time period from 08/12/2010 to 01/03/2011 (increasing inflow period) was chosen for model calibration. The time period from 01/03/2011 to 21/05/2011 (decreasing inflow period) was used for model performance assessment . The measured and simulated values (calibration process and validation process) are compared and analysed. The collinearity for water level and salinity between the measured and simulated values are separately above 94% and 83%, which indicates the model is able to predict future changes in water level and salinity for future conditions. As the Lower Lakes are shallow lakes, wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes and also affects salinity transport. The thesis uses the 2D model to simulate eight iv ABSTRACT different wind direction (from 0° to 360°) scenarios to study hydrodynamic mechanisms in the Lower Lakes and the characteristics for the transmission between Lake Alexandrina and Lake Albert. It is found that when wind direction was from the north (0°), northeast (45°), east (90°) or southeast (135°), the main flow field in Lake Alexandrina was from northeast to southwest. When wind direction came from the south (180°), southwest (225°), west (270°) and northwest (315°) a sub-circulation pattern was found along the northern shoreline of Lake Alexandrina that caused perturbation in the circulations of the lake. However, the predominant circulation was still from northeast to southwest. For flows between Lake Alexandrina and Lake Albert, when wind direction was north (0°), northeast (45°) or northwest (315°), the water transportation was oriented from Lake Alexandrina to Lake Albert. When wind direction came from the south (180°), southeast (135°) or southwest (225°), flow was dominantly from Lake Albert to Lake Alexandrina. When the wind direction was from the east (90°) or west (270°), there were back and forth flows between the two lakes. All of the above models reveal the hydrodynamic circulation rules in the Lower Lakes, which also implicates salinity transport rules for the Lower Lakes. The hydrodynamic cycles and salinity transport help to clarify the characteristics of the Lower Lakes and provides the research basis for the coastal reservoir design. Based on this study, two coastal reservoir designs are proposed. One is based on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the Lower Lakes to set a coastal reservoir in the northeast part of Lake Alexandrina.
Recommended publications
  • Coastal Pine-Oak Glacial Refugia in the Mediterranean Basin: a Biogeographic Approach Based on Charcoal Analysis and Spatial Modelling
    Article Coastal Pine-Oak Glacial Refugia in the Mediterranean Basin: A Biogeographic Approach Based on Charcoal Analysis and Spatial Modelling Gaetano Di Pasquale 1, Antonio Saracino 1 , Luciano Bosso 1,* , Danilo Russo 1 , Adriana Moroni 2, Giuliano Bonanomi 1 and Emilia Allevato 1,* 1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; [email protected] (G.D.P.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (G.B.) 2 Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Prehistory and Anthropology Research Unit, University of Siena, via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (E.A.) Received: 12 May 2020; Accepted: 10 June 2020; Published: 12 June 2020 Abstract: During the glacial episodes of the Quaternary, European forests were restricted to small favourable spots, namely refugia, acting as biodiversity reservoirs. the Iberian, Italian and Balkan peninsulas have been considered as the main glacial refugia of trees in Europe. In this study, we estimate the composition of the last glacial forest in a coastal cave of the Cilento area (SW Italy) in seven time frames, spanning from the last Pleniglacial to the Late Glacial. Charcoal analyses were performed in seven archaeological layers. Furthermore, a paleoclimate modelling (Maxent) approach was used to complement the taxonomic identification of charcoal fragments to estimate the past potential distribution of tree species in Europe. Our results showed that the mesothermophilous forest survived in this region in the core of the Mediterranean basin during the Last Glacial Period (LGP, since ~36 ka cal BP), indicating that this area played an important role as a reservoir of woodland biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Reservoir-A Technology That May Dominate Future Water Supply Shu-Qing Yang School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, Univ
    Journal of Water Resource and Hydraulic Engineering Oct. 2015, Vol. 4 Iss. 4, PP. 388-397 Coastal Reservoir-a Technology That May Dominate Future Water Supply Shu-Qing Yang School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Wollongong [email protected] Abstract-New large dam construction is a worldwide problem due to its negative impacts on the ecosystem, and as a result, it is crucial to investigate the future water supply infrastructures. After comparison with the existing solutions for water supply, such as inland reservoirs, desalination plants and wastewater reuse facilities, we conclude that coastal reservoir will be the dominant solution in the future because: a) increasing numbers of people migrate towards coastal/deltaic regions and more megacities are emerging along the coastline; consequently the water shortage on the coastline is the most severe; b) the future water deficit is huge (about 10 times the flow of the Nile river), with no solution other than the implementations of coastal reservoirs, freshwater reservoirs in the seawater to develop runoff from rivers, able to provide so much water. Now the world only uses 1/6 of total runoff, with the remaining 5/6 of runoff lost to the sea; c) all solutions for water supply have significant impacts on the environment, and only the strategy of using coastal reservoirs is sustainable, as it is without brine as a by-productor high carbon emissions. This paper discusses the supply of water to Beijing and Tianjin, the most notorious region in the world for its thirst. It is found that the water shortage problem in the region can be solved, the efficiency of South-North Water Diversion Project can be improved significantly, and carbon emission can be reduced in the region if this new solution is applied.
    [Show full text]
  • Ia Rr Onnect
    INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR COASTAL RESERVOIR RESEARCH School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, NSW 2522, Australia http://iacrr.org | [email protected] | Ph: +61-2-42213070 | Fax: +61-2-42213409 IA RR ONNECT C Volume 2 | Issue 1 | 2018 Message from the President Dear IACRR members, Colleagues and Friends, It is with great pleasure that I write this message for the IACRR Connect – Issue 2 as President of the International Association for Coastal Reservoir Prof. T G SITHARAM, (IACRR), having served with the association as Founder President, IACRR president since August, 2017. An impressive list of milestones and activities achieved during the last 3 “Coastal reservoirs will play a major months, for which I sincerely thank the management role in ensuring both drinking water committee members of IACRR, IACRR secretariat and better sanitation around the as well as the IACRR members and partners. Special area, in particular in the developing thanks to our secretariat, to Prof. Shuqing Yang of the countries. The newly approved UN University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia and Mr. Sin Poh Lim from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sustainable development goals has seen partial success, while focussing IACRR was inaugurated on the 16th of August, 2017 on water as a cross cutting axis for at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia along the side of IAHR development. ” world congress. I would like to thank Dr. B R Shetty, Chief Patron, all my Vice presidents, secretaries Lumpur, Malaysia on 13-18th August, 2017 and one and other office bearers, Mr. Kushal Shetty, Dr. in the 7th IWA-ASPIRE Conference and Exhibition, Sreevalsa and other friends for making the world 2017 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from September 11 launching event very successful and colourful.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Risk Capability Statement
    Climate Risk Capability Statement JACOBS® >Jacobs at a glance Dall as, Texas 1947 Contents Founded by Headquartered in Joseph J. Jacobs Dallas, Texas Jacobs at a glance ...........................................2 74,000 400+ 40+ $10 $7.79 About Jacobs ..................................................2 Employees Locations Countries Billion 2017 Revenues Billion 2016 Client Savings Understanding and Managing Climate Risk .....3 Why Jacobs? ...................................................4 The Need to Manage Climate Risk to Assets & Infrastructure ...............................................5 About Jacobs Climate Risk Disclosure and Reporting ...........6 Climate Risk Health Check Tool/Application.....7 > Jacobs Climate Risk Team ..............................8 Jacobs Engineering Group Inc. is one of the world’s largest Central to the Jacobs culture of building relationships and and most diverse providers of technical, professional, and developing trust is a global network of offces and specialists About ClimSystems .........................................8 construction services, including all aspects of engineering, who work together to solve the toughest design and building About Informed365 ..........................................8 architecture, and construction, operations and maintenance, problems in the world. Jacobs is literally a company that never as well as scientifc and specialty consulting. We serve a broad sleeps. The sun shines on project teams hard at work every Recent Climate Risk Projects .........................10
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Coastal Protection
    Notes for GE4211 Field Trip to Marina Barrage (2 Apr ‘18) Denitza Voutchkova 1 COASTAL PROTECTION Coastal protection is one of the priorities in dealing with climate change effects in Singapore (the other is “improving drainage”). Minimum land reclamation level in Singapore was raised from 3 to 4 m above mean sea level in 2011 to address the projected sea level raise under the 2nd Climate change study. Defense from erosion: 70-80% of Singapore’s coastline: either walls or stone embankment 30-20% is “natural”, e.g. sandy beaches and mangroves Developing appropriate coastal measures coastal engineering, wave dynamics, coastal morphology, and hydrodynamics. Figure 1 2011 distribution of seawalls (in orange) around Singapore (source: Lai et al 2015, uploaded to IVLE, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.11.006) Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has commissioned a study that will form the national framework for coastal protection measures (the Straits Times, Jan 5, 2018). The study started in 2013 and was initially planned to be completed by the end of 2017, but has been pushed back to the 2nd half of 2018. The reason for this delay was because “more time is needed to consider fresh input and to engage stakeholders, so coastal protection strategies will complement development plans” (the Straits Times, see link below). The study is undertaken by Surbana International Consultants & DHI Water and Environment. Page 1 of 6 Notes for GE4211 Field Trip to Marina Barrage (2 Apr ‘18) Denitza Voutchkova Surbana International Consultants 13500+ employees, 120+ offices, 40+ countries Few other projects (design/planning & implementation): Marina South Pier as a replacement of the historic Clifford Pier (link).
    [Show full text]
  • Reservoir Ages in Eastern Pacific Coastal and Estuarine Waters B
    [RADIOCARBON, VOL. 38, No. 3,19%, P. 573-582] RESERVOIR AGES IN EASTERN PACIFIC COASTAL AND ESTUARINE WATERS B. LYNN INGRAM Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA and JOHN R. SOUTHON Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, L-397, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, California 94551 USA ABSTRACT. We have refined marine reservoir age estimates for eastern Pacific coastal waters with radiocarbon measure- ments of mollusk shells collected prior to 1950. We have also investigated interspecific variability in 14C ages for historic and ancient shells from San Francisco Bay. INTRODUCTION Globally, ocean surface waters are depleted in radiocarbon content relative to the atmosphere b an amount equivalent to 40014C Y Y r. Regionally the oceans devia to from this value, reflecting variations in upwelling (Stuiver, Pearson and Braziunas 1986), freshwater inflow in coastal regions S iker 1980), and interhemis heric variations in atmospheric C content (Stuiver and Braziunas 1993). Knowledge of the value of the regional deviation from the ocean reservoir age (or AR) is necessary to accurately calibrate 14C ages of marine materials. Since the 1950s, determination of AR values by surface water 14( measurements has been precluded due to the artificially high 14C activity in surface waters from nuclear testing. Thus, AR values in coastal waters must be determined indirectly from 14C measurements of carbonate shells or other marine materials of known age collected prior to 1950. Previous 14C measurements of known-age mollusk shells indicate an average AR for coastal Cali- fornia of 225 ± 15 yr, for seven analyses (Berger, Taylor and Libby 1966; Robinson and Trimble 1981), corresponding 14C to a significant depletion.
    [Show full text]
  • EPA Annual Report 2008-2009
    Environment Protection Authority Annual Report 1 July 2008 to 30 June 2009 Environment Protection Authority Annual Report 2008–09 For further information please contact: Information Officer Environment Protection Authority GPO Box 2607 Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone: (08) 8204 2004 Facsimile: (08) 8124 4670 Free call (country): 1800 623 445 Website: <www.epa.sa.gov.au> Email: <[email protected]> ABN 85 393 411 003 ISSN 1322-1662 September 2009 © Environment Protection Authority This document may be reproduced in whole or part for the purpose of study or training, subject to the inclusion of an acknowledgment of the source and to it not being used for commercial purposes or sale. Reproduction for purposes other than those given above requires the prior written permission of the Environment Protection Authority. Report Title i Environment Protection Authority Annual Report 1 July 2008–31 July 2009 For further information please contact: Information Officer Environment Protection Authority GPO Box 2607 Adelaide SA 5001 Telephone: (08) 8204 2000 Facsimile: (08) 8124 4670 Free call (country): 1800 623 445 Website: <www.epa.sa.gov.au> Email: <[email protected]> ISSN 1322-1662 ISBN 978-1-921495-03-8 September 2009 Disclaimer This publication is a guide only and does not necessarily provide adequate information in relation to every situation. This publication seeks to explain your possible obligations in a helpful and accessible way. In doing so, however, some detail may not be captured. It is important, therefore, that you seek information from the EPA itself regarding your possible obligations and, where appropriate, that you seek your own legal advice.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuesday, 10 September
    Session 10.A Anthropocene: a rising and critical issue in Earth Science and Society (TUESDAY, 10 SEPTEMBER) ROOM 8 Earth Science Department Time ID Abstract title Authors The timing of key events in the human 13:30- 600 modification of rivers since the latest Martin Gibling 13:45 Pleistocene Deducing human impact on the environment 13:45- 650 via sedimentary DNA information from lake Ebuka Nwosu, Brauer Achim et al 14:00 Tiefer See NE Germany The ”bomb-peak” of the 1960’s recognized in a 14:00- 1109 thermal-spring-related “indoor”-travertine of Magdolna Virág, Andrea Mindszenty et al. 14:15 Budapest Integrated sedimentological and geochemical 14:15- 670 approach for the reconstruction of Elena Romano, Luisa Bergamin et al. 14:30 anthropogenic impact in the Augusta Harbor 14:30- Cost allocation among polluters: a legal and 785 Federico Peres, Philip Spadaro et al. 14:45 forensic analysis 14:45- 1803 Anthropogenic Beaches Systems Vincenzo Pascucci, Sergio Cappucci et al. 15:00 15:30- Massive benthic litter funnelled to deep sea by 1345 martina pierdomenico, daniele casalbore et al. 15:45 flash-flood generated hyperpycnal flows Heavy Metal Pollution of Sediments along the 15:45- 1772 Bioturbation Zone of Southern Laguna Lake, Bertrand Aldous Santillan, Decibel Eslava et al. 16:00 Philippines SKT: The 2.6 ka event and the birth of modern 16:00- 707 coastal systems (NW Sardinia, Mediterranean Stefano Andreucci, Daniele Sechi et al. 16:30 Sea) Climate variabilities and human activities in 16:30- 1074 northern Poland between 1000 B.C.E and 1500 Christin Lindemann, Florian Ott et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Coastal Reservoirs and SPP Strategy to Provide Sufficient High Qualityater W to Coastal Communities
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Research Online University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B Sciences 2015 The Use of Coastal Reservoirs and SPP Strategy to Provide Sufficient High Qualityater W to Coastal Communities Shu-qing Yang University of Wollongong, [email protected] Samuel Kelly University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers1 Part of the Engineering Commons, and the Science and Technology Studies Commons Recommended Citation Yang, Shu-qing and Kelly, Samuel, "The Use of Coastal Reservoirs and SPP Strategy to Provide Sufficient High Quality Water to Coastal Communities" (2015). Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B. 3778. https://ro.uow.edu.au/eispapers1/3778 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] The Use of Coastal Reservoirs and SPP Strategy to Provide Sufficient High Quality Water to Coastal Communities Abstract Water quality-induced water shortage is emerging as one of the main threats for the growth of the world's population and economic development, especially for coastal cities in developing nations. This paper discusses how to supply enough sufficiently clean watero t such cities using the technologies of coastal reservoirs and wetland pre-treatments, as well as employing the SPP strategy. The so-called coastal reservoir is defined as a freshwater reservoir situated in seawater which sources its water from river runoff; to improve its water quality, a wetland is used to pre-treat the runoff that is potentially polluted by domestic, agricultural and industrial contaminants.
    [Show full text]
  • Ken Jury Senior Investigative J Ournalist Marine & Aquatic Ecology
    Ken Jury Senior Investigative J ournalist Marine & Aquatic Ecology SUBMISSION TO THE S.A. MUR RAY DARLING BASIN ROYAL COMMISSION For the most, details within this Submission we re Investigated by the und ersigned over a period of 17 years, from extensive interviews , presentations, Forum’s , and from my position as Executive Producer for the documentary Mud died W aters in 2012. Generally, my work exclusively deals in matters of Marine & Aquatic Ecology . I’m closely associated wi th basin irrigators and gr owers, river councils and the s cientific community; in pa rticular with Federation University and Professor Peter Gell from St Helens, near Ballarat in Victoria. Prof Gell is internationally recognised for his introduction of diatom research into Australia, in cluding that done in South Australia’s Lower Lakes and Coorong. I also share and e xchange my findings wi th the th at of Scient ist Ian Rowan BSc Hon who, until recent weeks also lived in SA, adjacent to the Lower Lakes, the Coorong and the Murray Mouth. A sample of his research concerning volumes of salt being exhausted through the Murray Mouth is attached. I bring to your attention an attached document by Professor Gell: “Watching the tide roll away - advocacy and the obfuscation of e vidence,” Published by CSIRO Publishing on 4th March 2 018. Prof Gell in a recent discussion requested as sistance with the inclusion of his abo ve document within this Submission. The und ersigned agreed to d o s o due to this same document being an e ssential part within my Submission data to this SA Royal C ommission.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Character Description
    4 Interplay of drivers, levers, components and processes within the wetland types of the system The many types of freshwater and saline-estuarine wetlands found at this Ramsar site are described in detail with attention given to the ecological components and processes that underpin ecological character. Interplay of drivers, levers, components and processes within the wetland types of the system - Section 4 33 DEH_EcologicalCharacter_4_2006-133 33 9/11/06 2:51:49 PM ■ Interplay of drivers, levers, components McGrath Flat and processes within the wetland types Parnka Point of the system The Coorong and Lakes Ramsar site lies at the terminus Villa de Yumpa of the Murray-Darling Basin. It incorporates the freshwater bodies of Lakes Alexandrina and Albert and the more saline lagoons of the Coorong (see Figure 6). It is the only estuary within the Murray-Darling Basin and thus the Murray Mouth is the only connection between this one Stony Well million square kilometre inland basin and the sea. The Ramsar site covers an area of approximately Woods Well 140,500 ha which incorporates 23 different wetland types (according to the Ramsar Convention classification system, see Table 8), existing as a mosaic of fresh to hypersaline habitats variously interconnected across time and space. Ramsar Criterion 1 (see Table 3) seeks to recognise sites that contain ‘… a representative, rare, Policemans Point or unique example of a natural or near-natural wetland type found within the appropriate bioregion’ and the Coorong and Lakes qualify against this criterion in addition to seven of the other eight (see Section 5). To assist this description of ecological character the SALT CREEK Ramsar site has been sub-divided into six units as follows: Freshwater system units: • Lake Alexandrina • Lake Albert • Tributary wetlands (lower reaches of Finniss River Tea Tree Crossing Currency Creek and Tookayerta Creek).
    [Show full text]
  • SA River Murray Below Lock 1 Community Profile: Irrigation Region
    SA River Murray below Lock 1 community profile Irrigation region 1. The region — This regional profile covers the area of South Australia below Lock 1 on the River Murray. This includes the 210km stretch of the River Murray from Lock 1 south to Wellington, as well as the Lower Lakes. The region is famous for the Murray Mouth, Lakes Alexandrina and Albert, and the Coorong, recognised as among Australia’s most significant Ramsar listed wetlands. They are also of central significance for the life and culture of the Ngarrindjeri people. 2. The people of the region — The region below Lock 1 has a population of around 33,000.i Of these, 17,000 live in Murray Bridge, the largest town in the region. Goolwa has a population of around 7,000, Mannum 2,500, with Tailem Bend around 1,600, Meningie at 1,500 and Langhorne Creek at just over 1,000. There are a wide range of smaller communities across the region around the lakes including important Indigenous communities, for example at Raukkan (Point McLeay). 3. Major enterprises — The main employment is in agriculture, both irrigated (winegrapes, horticulture and dairy) and dryland (dairy, beef, sheep and cropping,) and in retail trade. Manufacturing is also important for food processing and wineries, with the abattoir in Murray Bridge employing 1,500 people. Tourism and boating generate considerable employment as do education and health services. Murray Bridge is a thriving centre with major growth projected in employment and housing due partly to its proximity to Adelaide. 4. Gross value of irrigated agricultural production — For 2006-07 the drought affected Gross Value of Irrigated Agricultural Production in the wider region below Lock 1 was $166 million.
    [Show full text]