Freemasonry in Gibraltar 1727

Freemasonry in

Gibraltar

1727 - present

Freemasonry in

Gibraltar

1727 - present

Compiled by

Michael Jenkyns, FCF WM (1999/2000 and 2005-2006) Acacia Lodge, No. 561 GRC, Ottawa

2 Westfield Cres., Nepean, ON K2G 0T5 CANADA Tel: 1-613-828-6433 Email: [email protected]

The Approach

I was initiated into the mysteries of Freemasonry on February 27, 1990, passed on November 10, 1990 and raised on January 22, 1991. For anyone who has joined this organization, or any organization for that matter, there is a great “unknown.” A prevalent thought is “How am I supposed to know that?,” or “Aren’t there any manuals/history books/ritual books?”

I spoke with many learned brethren and read many well-written papers and books on a variety of masonic subjects. And it always seemed to me that so much was written about the length of a poniard, or a cable-tow, whether a ring should have the points of the compasses towards, or away from, the wearer, or whether an apron should be worn inside or outside a suit jacket. And so little was written about the details of the Lodges to which Freemasons belong, and the impact which those Lodges might have had on the society within which they were found. Mind, you, this is not an easy subject to consider, research, or write about and it is made more difficult because many lodges have never taken the time to write their own history.

I have spent about fifteen years consolidating everything I can find about Freemasonry in the British army and its allies and loyalist forces. As I can locate information on Patriot forces, for example (being a Canadian and having read up on the American Revolution, followed the aftermath of the Loyalists, the War of 1812, and various Rebellions in my own country), the French (there are pointers but no accessible information) I have brought this together as well. Mind you, it is another matter altogether to contemplate how to get this out to interested people around the world.

Geographic locations like Gibraltar, Halifax and Quebec, served as assembly and staging points early in the development of the British Empire (on which the sun never set until the time of the second world war) and were soon expanded with the capture of Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Coromandel and the Cape of Good Hope, to name a few more. As Masonic lodges were formed on land it was only a matter of a few decades before military personnel found that they needed their own lodges to accompany them wherever their unit went. Thus was born the ambulatory or travelling lodge. Thus I had to learn about the British army and its development over several centuries. I was surprised to find that the Royal Artillery is an entity composed of battalions which are, in turn, composed of companies and which at one time contained artillery drivers and support services to move the guns. While RA battalions might be numbered as were companies, the latter tended to adopt the name of their commander (usually a Captain). But that had little meaning since the Royal Artillery would attach artillerymen to various infantry forces and they would train the infantrymen in the movement, set-up, loading and firing of the field artillery. Royal Artillery battalions and company- strength units tended to be assigned to major garrison points like Gibraltar, Halifax or Quebec etc.

After assembling the military lodge material I tried to review and understand research papers and books on Freemasonry as it evolved in particular geographic areas. For Gibraltar, there is an excellent website. But there is little that I could locate on the entire development of masonry there from 1724 to today—a span of 180 years.

These notes are simply a start of what may well be a lengthy process of writing about Freemasonry in Gibraltar. I ask only that anyone who reads them would provide feedback to correct outright errors or to fill in the many empty spots. Many of them are empty because I have not been able to access information. But between us all, I would hope that these notes might be completed and prove interesting, informative and beneficial for others.

I am grateful to W. Bro. Lionel Boxer for the opportunity of sharing this paper with interested masons through the medium of his website.

Michael Jenkyns, Nepean, July 27, 2006

Abbreviations and Acronyms used

In compiling this material generally standard abbreviations and acronyms have been used which have been adopted over the years. In some case, however, new ones have been “invented” to permit selected abbreviation of material.

Andalucia interchangeable name with “Gibraltar” ER(A) Registry of the Antients Grand Lodge in London ER(M) Registry of the Moderns Grand Lodge in London GR Grand Registry of a Grand Lodge (e.g. GRMich = Grand Registry of the Grand Lodge of the State of Michigan) IC Irish Constitution (refers to Warrants issued by that Grand Lodge) J.G.W. (or G.J.W.) Junior Grand Warden (or Grand Junior Warden) Local (or local) Refers to a (local) warrant issued by a provincial Grand Lodge PGLAnd Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalucia (an Antients organization) PGLLC(A) Antients Provincial Grand Lodge of Lower Canada PGLGib(A) Antients Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar PGLGib(M) Moderns Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar PGLMass(M) Moderns Provincial Grand Lodge of Massachusetts PGLMWH Provincial Grand Lodge of Montreal and William Henry (formed 1822 under the United Grand Lodge of England) PGLNE(M) Provincial Grand Lodge of New England (Moderns) PGLNS(A) Antients Provincial Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia PGLNY(A) Antients Provincial Grand Lodge of New York PGLNY(M) Moderns Provincial Grand Lodge of New York PGLQ(A) Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec (Antients) PGLQ(M) Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec (Moderns) DGLQTR District Grand Lodge of Quebec and Three Rivers (formed 1822 under the United Grand Lodge of England) PGLUC(A) Provincial Grand Lodge of Upper Canada (Antients) PGM Provincial Grand Master PGSec (or PGSecy) Provincial Grand Secretary PRMass(M) Moderns Provincial Registry, Massachusetts PRMWH Montreal and William Henry Provincial Registry PRNS(A) Antients Provincial Registry, Nova Scotia PRNY(A) Antients Provincial Registry, New York PRNY(M) Moderns Provincial Registry, New York PRQ(A) Antients Provincial Registry, Quebec PRQ(M) Moderns Provincial Registry, Quebec PRQTR Quebec and Three Rivers Provincial Registry PRUC(A) Antients Provincial Registry, Upper Canada SC Scottish Constitution (refers to Warrants issued by that Grand Lodge) S.G.W. (or G.S.W.) Senior Grand Warden (or Grand Senior Warden) UD Under Dispensation (an authority to form a new Lodge and to meet, usually under supervision, and permitting the Lodge to work some, all or none, of the degrees; the final step preceding issue of a Warrant)

Table of Contents

Gibraltar - A Short History ...... 1

Early Freemasonry at Gibraltar ...... 2

The Moderns ...... 4

The Antients in Gibraltar ...... 5

The Union of 1813 and afterwards...... 6

Irish Civilian Lodges ...... 7

Scottish Civilian Lodges ...... 7

Military Lodges - English, Irish and Scottish...... 8

Gibraltar’s resident lodges ...... 11

Concordant Bodies ...... 13

Sources...... 15 Premier and Moderns Stationary Lodges at Gibraltar ...... 17 Mother St. John Lodge, No. 24, ER(M)...... 19 Lodge of Inhabitants, No. 159 ER(M) ...... 22 Hiram’s Lodge, No. 400 ER(M)...... 23 Royal Lodge of Friendship, No. 278 ER ...... 24 Lodge of Friendship, No. 577 ER(M) ...... 25 Antients Stationary Lodges at Gibraltar ...... 27 Inhabitants Lodge, No. 153 ER...... 29 Provincial Grand Lodge, No. 220 ER(A) ...... 31 English Warranted Lodges at Gibraltar (post 1813) ...... 33 Ordnance Lodge, 715 ER ...... 35 Calpean Lodge, No. 748 ER ...... 36 Robert Freke Gould Lodge, No. 2874 ER ...... 37 Connaught Lodge, No. 2915 ER ...... 38 The Letchworth Lodge, No. 3503 ER ...... 41 United Services Lodge, No. 3813 ER ...... 42 Gibraltar Masters Lodge, No. 3825 ER ...... 43 Masonic District Grand Stewards Lodge, No. 9217 ER ...... 44 Irish Civilian Lodges warranted at Gibraltar ...... 45 Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC ...... 47 Irish Masters Lodge, No. 915 IC ...... 52 Scottish Civilian Lodges warranted at Gibraltar ...... 53 Lodge of St. Thomas, No. 576 SC ...... 55 Al Moghreb al Aksa Lodge, No. 670 SC ...... 56 Coronation Lodge, No. 934 SC...... 58 St. Bernard Lodge of Research, No. 1817 ...... 59 Royal Artillery lodges at Gibraltar ...... 61 Waterloo Lodge, No. 230 ER(A) ...... 63 Perth Lodge, No. 148 ER(A)...... 65 Gibraltar Lodge, No. 209 ER(A) ...... 68 Gibraltar Lodge No. 5, PRGibraltar(A) ...... 69 Lodge No. 68 IC ...... 71 Gibraltar Lodge, No. 187 ER(A) ...... 74 Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A) ...... 75 Ambulatory (travelling) lodges in infantry regiments based at Gibraltar ...... 77 Lodge No. 11 IC ...... 79 Lodge, No. 74 IC ...... 86 Lodge No. 244 IC ...... 94 Lodge No. 390 IC ...... 96 Lodge No. 12, PRGibraltar(A)...... 97 Lodge No. 604 IC ...... 98 Duke of Norfolk’s Lodge No. 58 SC ...... 99 Mount Calpe Lodge, No. 1126 ER ...... 100 Lodge No. 211 IC ...... 101 Lodge No. 58 ER(A) ...... 104 Lodge No. 168 IC ...... 106 Lodge No. 351 IC ...... 107 Lodge No. 156 IC ...... 109 Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC ...... 111 Lodge No. 309 IC ...... 120 Lodge No. 6 PRAndalusia(A) ...... 127 Lodge No. 9 PRAndalusia(A) ...... 130 Lodge Glittering Star, No. 322 IC ...... 131 Lodge No. 85 IC ...... 139 Lodge No. 535 IC ...... 145 Lodge, No. 5 PGLGibraltar(A) ...... 147 Meridian Lodge, No. 1045 ER...... 148 Lodge No. 61 IC ...... 149 White’s Lodge, No. 73 SC ...... 150 Officers’ Lodge No. 617 IC ...... 151 Gibraltar Lodge No. 128 IC...... 153 Lodge No. 290 IC ...... 157 Hibernia Lodge No. 42 IC ...... 159 St. Andrew Lodge, No. 310 SC...... 162 Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC ...... 163 Dominica Lodge No. 174 IC ...... 195 Lodge No. 112A ER(A)...... 198 Orange Lodge No. 94 ER(A)...... 200 Lodge No. 690 IC ...... 202 Lodge No. 420 IC ...... 204 Lodge No. 130 IC ...... 206 Lodge No. 714 IC ...... 208 Lodge No. 7 PRAndalusia(A) ...... 210 Lodge, No. 4 PRAndalusia(A)...... 211 Lodge No. 8, PRAndalusia(A)...... 212 Lodge No. 3 PRGibraltar(A) ...... 213 Lodge No. 4 PRGibraltar(A) ...... 214 Two erroneously labelled “Gibraltar” Lodges ...... 215 Gibraltar Lodge, No. 187 ER(A) ...... 217 Lodge, No. 356 ER(A) ...... 218

About the Author ...... 221 Freemasonry in Gibraltar 1

FREEMASONRY IN GIBRALTAR (1727 - present)

Gibraltar - A Short History

Gibraltar, a two-and-a-quarter-square-mile peninsula of limestone and shale is linked to the Spanish mainland by a long, half-mile wide sandy isthmus. The almost three mile long “Rock” reaches 1,398 feet at its highest point.

In classical antiquity the Rock was called Calpe and was the symbolic limit of the known world. Mount Calpe, in the north, and Mount Abyla, on the African coast were named the Pillars of Hercules and travellers did not sail beyond them. During historical times the peninsula passed from the Phoenicians to the Carthaginians (600-300 BC) and then the Romans (until 500 AD, and who called it Fretum Gaditanum) after which it fell successively to the Vandals and Visigoths. In 711 Moslem invaders crossed the straits from North Africa and attacked Spain. The Rock was heavily fortified and was named Jebel al Tariq (Hill of Tariq, after the Moorish General). The City of Gibraltar was founded in 1160 by Abdel M’umen. In the final struggle between Arabs and Christians Gibraltar was seized by the Spanish in 1462. In 1540, Khair-ad-din Barbarossa led an expedition of Barbary pirates against Gibraltar and laid waste the entire coast but did not capture the Rock which was modernized as a fortress by Charles V. Gibraltar played an important part in the long fight between the Netherlands and Spain: in 1607 the Dutch fleet forced its way into the port and destroyed a Spanish squadron and in 1621, just off Gibraltar, a Spanish fleet was victorious over a Dutch one.

During the War of the Spanish Succession (1702-13), the Duke of Marlborough decided to attack the Spanish Mediterranean fleet and capture Gibraltar to prevent a linkup between the French Mediterranean and Atlantic fleets. British forces consisting of landing parties of Marines supported by the guns of the fleet which was under the command of Admiral Sir George Rooke captured Gibraltar on July 23, 1704, after a siege of three days. An immediate counter attack by Spanish forces was not successful. Eleven Spanish sieges in the next two years were unsuccessful, as was the twelfth siege in 1705, which lasted six months. The base at Gibraltar was enhanced in 1708 with the capture of Port Mahon, Minorca1. The conquest of Gibraltar by British forces in 1704 was ratified in the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 which recognized British control of the fortress, the town and all military installations.

The strength of Gibraltar as a military fortress and facility relied historically on the various units of the Royal Artillery which maintained and fired the Rock’s many cannon, on the infantry regiments which often used Gibraltar as a staging point enroute to, or from, other scenes of action, and the Royal Navy which has always had a dominating presence there. In 1779 a land and sea siege by the Spanish did not reduce Gibraltar and the maritime blockade was broken by Admiral Rodney’s squadron in January 1780.

When the Suez Canal was opened in 1869, Gibraltar assumed great importance for Britain as the gateway to India and the Far East. During World War II, German plans for a land attack on the Rock were thwarted by Spanish neutrality. Italian seaborne attacks were ineffective. An air base was added to Gibraltar’s arsenal during World War II.

Gibraltar’s population grew to about 26,000 at its maximum—a society which remains strongly and

1 Minorca was lost to the French in May 1756 by Admiral John Byng. Although Byng was tried for treason and shot on the deck of his own flagship for the loss, the Admiralty had interpreted the French move against the islands as a bluff and had not provided Byng with more than minimal reinforcements.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 2 Freemasonry in Gibraltar closely linked to Great Britain. The government of Gibraltar is administered by a Governor who is also Commander-in-Chief of the Garrison. He is appointed by the Queen. He is assisted by a Legislative Council which includes the Governor, his appointees and seven members who are elected by British subjects meeting strict residence requirements.

Throughout its history, daily work on the Rock is performed by Spanish labourers who commute each day from the Spanish city of La Linea just to the north of the narrow Neutral Zone which marks Gibraltar’s political boundary.

In spite of the apparent healthy location of Gibraltar with no marshy areas, the population were subject to various epidemics which spread through the area from time to time, perhaps being spread by sailors and the cargoes which were carried. In August 1828 a cholera epidemic swept through the Colony and 1,667 people died. Churches, hospitals and even Lodges were forced to close for the duration. A second cholera epidemic, less virulent, occurred in 1834.

Early Freemasonry at Gibraltar

When looking at Freemasonry in Gibraltar over almost two centuries it is apparent that the small resident population could only support a few permanent Lodges and that they would receive, accept, “entertain,” many ambulatory lodges and masons normally resident in military units. Periods of growth and demise in lodges and members, per se, reflected the “temporariness” of the military passing through the colony.

The first Lodge to be warranted to work on Gibraltar is believed to have been working unofficially in (or before) 1724. Although it is entered as the second deputation received from a Lodge abroad, it may well have been the earliest as the original application had been submitted to the Duke of Richmond as Grand Master (and he held that office in 1724)2. The Lodge was not constituted until 1728 when the premier Grand Lodge issued a Deputation to form Lodge of St. John of Jerusalem at Gibraltar, a copy of which is transcribed on the following page. Warrant No. 51 was later issued. This was the second English Lodge to be warranted outside the British Isles.

As Henry Sadler notes, the request from the Lodge leading to the Grand Lodge Deputation of 1728 was not a request for permission to form a new Lodge but was a request to legalize an existing Lodge under the “new” system which had been formed in 1717. Sadler also notes that this was a very early use of a name of a Lodge which had no bearing on its location. Originally Lodges were known by their location only (such as the Lodge at the Rummer and Grapes) and then by their number and location after numbering of Warrants and Lodges became established.

Lodge of St. John of Jerusalem continued working under the authority of the Moderns’ Grand Lodge

2 According to Henry Sadler in Masonic Facts and Fictions, 1887, the first Deputation to constitute a foreign Lodge appearing the records is dated February 6, 1728/9 for a Lodge at Fort William, Bengal. St. John’s at Gibraltar is the second recorded and the third is for the Lodge in Madrid which had been founded by the Duke of Wharton in 1722. The Dispensation for this Lodge is dated February 17, 1728 and apparently no numbered Warrant was ever given to the Lodge. Sadler is following the story as portrayed by Gould in Vol. 2 of The History of Freemasonry (p 384).

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 3 following the Antients3-Moderns split of 1751 but lapsed before the Union of 1813. The second Lodge to be founded in Gibraltar was No. 128 IC in the 39th Foot, receiving its Warrant in 1742.

Transcript of Grand Lodge Deputation to form St. John’s Lodge, Gibraltar, dated March 9, 1728/9

These are therefore to Impower and authorize our wellbeloved Brother John Bailie, Thomas Wilson, and Benjamin Radenhurst to convene our Brethren at Gibralter aforesaid, and that they do in our place and stead, constitute a regular Lodge in due fform, at Gibralter aforesaid (taking especial care that they and every of them have been regularly made Masons) with like Priviledges as all other regular Lodges do enjoy, and that they be required to conform themselves to all and every the Regulations contained in the Printed Constitutions, and observe such other Rules and Instructions as shall from time to time be transmitted to them by us, or Nathaniel Blackerby, Esq., our Deputy Grand Master, or the Grand Master, or his Deputy Grand Master for the time being, and that they do with the first opportunity send to us, or our Deputy a List of the members of their Lodge, together with the Rules agreed on to be by them observed, to the end they may be entered in the Grand Lodge Book. Given under our hand and Seal of Office at London this 9th day of March 1728/9, and in the year of Masonry 5728.

By the Grand Master’s command, Nat. Blackerby, Deputy Gd. Master. J. Thornhill, ) Grand Mn. O’Connor, ) Wardens

[Source: Sadler, Masonic Facts and Fictions, p 36.]

In 1731 Captain James Cummerford4, a founder member of St. John of Jerusalem Lodge, was appointed as Provincial Grand Master of Andalucia5. The expression “Andalucia” covered Gibraltar and “adjacent places”. There is no indication of anyone else being appointed to the office until 1752 when Cummerford was replaced by Colonel J. G. Montresor, another founder of St. John of Jerusalem and also the Chief Engineer of the Fortress. Cummerford was reappointed in 1754 when Montresor embarked for America, at the time he had been promoted and was a Colonel in the infantry.

Interestingly, the second Lodge to be established at Gibraltar was “No. 128 IC held in the 39th Regiment of Foot” whose warrant had been issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on November 3, 1742. The 39th had just completed several years’ duty in Ireland and it is probably that members of the Regiment had become masons in Ireland.

3 The use of the spelling “Antients” rather than the more common “Ancients” is nothing more than the preference of the present author.

4 Cummerford (Sadler) and Commerford (Gould) appear in documents and refer to the same person.

5 This would make Gibraltar either the second or third Provincial Grand Lodge to be established—the other two being Hanover in 1730 and Russia (also) in 1731.

As Michel Brodsky6 notes, the role of English Provincial Grand Masters was made difficult for a variety of reasons including: weak administration at Grand Lodge until about 1750; a negative transition period from 1750 to 1763 which saw an overall decline in membership in Freemasonry in Europe; and a tremendous growth (and consequent competition) in Grand Lodges throughout the British Isles and Europe. In addition there were the constant ongoing series of wars between Britain and various European countries which delayed, if not prevented, communications, and also because there was a lack of written policy and even ritual by the English, Irish and Scottish Grand Lodges. It was normal practice that when a Warrant was issued to a Lodge, a copy of the Book of Constitutions was also issued. Until the advent of the Antients in 1753, only the normal first three degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellowcraft and Master Mason were worked by English Lodges.

The Moderns

Problems in England between masons who considered changes in the organization of Grand Lodge and the ritual to be detrimental and those who considered them beneficial resulted in the split of the premier Grand Lodge into two organizations. It is unclear when this schism began, but it could have existed since about 1730 and appears to have been influenced by an influx of “Irish masons.” Research indicates that the Antients’ Grand Lodge was composed of those brethren who claimed to wish to preserve, without change, the original organization and workings of Freemasonry. As the self-styled “protectors” of the “ancient landmarks” they referred to themselves as “Antient Masons.” They named the others, who sought changes, as “Moderns.”

It is not intended, here, to detail or justify the schism. But it is important to understand that the split was felt around the globe as the rivals established parallel organizations and although matters became very difficult in England from 1751 until the Union of 1813, there do not seem to have been the same difficulties elsewhere, particularly in Gibraltar (and even more-so in North America) where the masonic scene was dominated by military masons who were subject, daily, to sail off to fight a “real” enemy.

In Gibraltar, the Moderns’ Grand Lodge established a Provincial Grand Lodge in 1731. Although St. John of Jerusalem Lodge held fast to its allegiance to the premier (now Modern) Grand Lodge, it was not until 1762, that the first “new” Lodge (Inhabitants Lodge) was established under a Moderns Warrant (No. 285). It was followed in 1781 by Lodge of Friendship (No. 577/486), Calpean Lodge (No. 556) and Hiram’s Lodge (No. 460). These five Lodges were “civilian,” based permanently on Gibraltar and represented the maximum extent of the Moderns on Gibraltar.

The arrival of an Antients’ Lodge in the Royal Artillery in 1772 (Lodge No. 148 in the 2nd Battalion RA) saw the beginning of a period of difficulties with the Moderns’ Lodges attempting to deny the new arrivals the right to join the procession on St. John’s day, December 1773. Interestingly the plight of No. 148 was seen by four Irish military Lodges who supported No. 148's right to join the procession. The situation was reported in due time to Dublin.

The end for the Moderns Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar occurred about 1785/6 when the members of the Provincial Grand Lodge applied to the Antients for a Provincial Warrant. The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER notes: “In a communication addressed by the Grand Secretary of the Moderns to

6 English Freemasonry in Europe 1717-1919, by Michel Brodsky, Prestonian Lecture for 1994, as published in The Collected Prestonian Lectures 1988-1996, QC Correspondence Circle Ltd., London, 1997, ISBN 0- 907655-34-3.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 5 the Grand Master, dated 20th of March 1786 he states ‘that the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalucia, which had been under the government of the Moderns for upwards of twenty years, had offered for a Warrant under the Ancients,’ also that ‘the said Grand Lodge consisted of none under the degree of an ensign and who had refused to act longer under the authority of the Moderns (even) though the Duke of Cumberland is said to be their Grand Master’.” The (new) Provincial Grand Lodge was Warranted by the Antients as No. 220 and the new Provincial Grand Master was HRH Prince Edward Duke of Kent. He arrived in Gibraltar during 1790 and left with the 7th Foot on June 23, 1791, onboard the Ulysses and Resistance for Quebec (where he would quickly become the Antients’ Provincial Grand Master of Lower Canada).

This hasty departure from Gibraltar encouraged four of the five Moderns’ Lodges (St. John of Jerusalem/Mother St. John, No. 24 ER(M) did not participate) to assemble and produce a provisional Patent authorizing Bro. Sweetland to be Acting Provincial Grand Master under the authority of the absent The Duke of Kent. This action was confirmed by the Antients’ Grand Lodge of England. The effect of this action in the early 1790’s on the Moderns’ was negligible at best: all five Moderns’ Lodges had gone into darkness soon after 1800.

A similar situation had transpired in British North America where New France had become British with the loss of Louisbourg (summer 1758), Quebec (September 1759) and Montreal (fall 1760) and the removal of all French forces. In November 1759, the representatives of six military lodges (four holding Irish Warrants, one holding a dispensation from an Irish lodge and one warranted by the Moderns Provincial Grand Lodge of Massachusetts) which travelled in infantry regiments, formed themselves into a “Grand Lodge.” A letter detailing the events was carried to London by a Royal Navy Gunner (Thomas Dunckerly (1724-95) a natural son of George III) and eventually the new provincial organization would receive the recognition and approbation of the Moderns Grand Master. During the 1770's and 1780's close relations between Antients and Moderns lodges would prevail although the Moderns’ Lodges would slowly close. In 1791, decided steps were taken to secure a persona as Provincial Grand Master—the Duke of Kent.

The Antients in Gibraltar

The first Antients’ Lodge in Gibraltar was warranted in 1756 as “No. 58 in the 14th Regiment of Foot7” and it was joined, in 1772, by the peripatetic Perth Lodge No. 148 ER(A) held in the 2nd Battalion RA and, in 1777, by the stationary Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A). This last named, whose membership was limited to officers and artificers in HM Ordnance at Gibraltar, would expire in 1807.

Warrant No. 220 was issued by the Antients’ Grand Lodge bearing date January 25, 1786, to hold a Provincial Grand Lodge at Gibraltar. The action taken was a response to an appeal from three Antients’ Lodges at Gibraltar—one quasi-civilian (stationary) and two military (ambulatory). The three Lodges were: Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A) (formed 1777), Perth Lodge, No. 148 ER(A) in the 2nd Battalion, RA (formed 1767) and Waterloo Lodge, No. 230 ER(A), held in the 1st Battalion, RA (formed 1785). Because of the refusal of the five Moderns’ Lodges to accept non-Moderns’ as equals, the new Provincial Grand Lodge took under its authority the many travelling Lodges which arrived at the garrison with their regiments and which numbered 11 in 1792. In acting in this manner, many of the transient masons accepted Provincial offices—in fact, the first Antients’ Provincial Grand Master was a Bro. John Ross, an Irish Mason. On

7 This is where we have one of those “curious” circumstances about which we have no real answer. John Lane notes in Masonic Records 1717-1894 (p 78) the issue of Warrant No. 58 by the Antients’ Grand Lodge and dated December 1, 1756 for an unspecified Lodge at Gibraltar which “Lapsed very soon afterwards.” He shows a date of January 17, 1759 for the 14th Foot at St. Augustine, Florida..

January 26, 1790, HRH Prince Edward, The Duke of Kent, was appointed as Antients’ Provincial Grand Master of Gibraltar, holding this office until 1800, even though he embarked for Quebec on June 23, 1791.

The record keeping of the Antients Provincial Grand Lodge can at best be described as useless at this point in time. By 1804 there were at least nine military Lodges holding local Warrants according to The History of Freemasonry on Gibraltar. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1886 (3rd Edition), notes the issue of six local Warrants for Gibraltar—No. 2 (1802); No. 4 (1777); No. 5 (1802); No. 5 (1811); No. 9 (1811) and No. 11 (1811). Nos. 2, 4 and 5 were issued to Lodges in the Royal Artillery. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894, includes PART IV, containing information (such as it was available to him) about Lodges which were warranted abroad by English Provincial Grand Lodges but not registered with the Grand Lodge in London. The following list refers to local (or Provincial) warrants issued by the Antients Provincial Grand Lodge at Gibraltar under the authority of Warrant No. 220 dated January 25, 1786 and for which no definitive information about the Lodges is available: No. 2 Provincial in the Royal Artillery; No. 3 Provincial in the 100th Regiment of Foot; No. 4 Provincial in the 108th Regiment of Foot; No. 5 Provincial in the Royal Artillery; No. 6 Provincial in the 28th Regiment of Foot; No. 7 Provincial in the 70th Regiment of Foot; No. 8 Provincial in the 90th Regiment of Foot and No. 9 Provincial in the 28th Regiment of Foot. The local or Provincial warrants would be issued partly to confer legitimacy on the temporary (military) lodges which put themselves under the “protection” of the Province while in temporary status8. It never implied that the temporary Lodge had rescinded its original authority. Often these provincial warrants were issued to confirm that the temporary lodge was recognized locally—a particular need when close to England where the Antient-Modern split was carried to extremes and where visitation was prohibited. The further away from London the easier the visitation rights.

The Union of 1813 and afterwards

With the union of the Moderns’ and Antients’ Grand Lodges in 1813, new Warrants were issued to Lodges starting in 1814. At the time many Lodges around the world went into darkness, although there are a number of excellent examples where Warrants for issued for Lodges which were defunct. In fact the entire process of determining which English lodges were working and which were defunct would not be completed until the third (and final) renumbering of 1863.

The English Provincial Grand Lodge continued to work in Gibraltar. With the change in the organization of Grand Lodge, Provincial Grand Lodges located in the British Isles retained the title of Provinces while those located outside England were retitled as District Grand Lodges9. The “old” Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar was reformed as the District Grand Lodge of Gibraltar under Warrant No. 3825. Originally restricted to Installed Masters of the English Constitution it was expanded to include Installed Masters of any recognized jurisdiction.

Following the Union of the Moderns and Antients in 1813, pressure was apparently laid on Irish

8 Efforts were often made by the English Provincial Grand Lodges to charge “dues” to the temporary Lodges as a means of raising funds, primarily for charitable works. The Grand Lodge of ireland was frequently writing its ambulatory lodges that no fees or dues were to be paid in this manner as that Grand Lodge did not charge equivalent fees on English lodges sojourning in Ireland.

9 In the case of Lower Canada (present-day Quebec) the new United Grand Lodge had split the original Province into two districts in about 1822—the District of Montreal and William Henry in the west and Quebec and Three Rivers in the east. Each was headed by a Provincial Grand Master.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 7 military Lodges in Gibraltar to give up their Irish Warrants and accept English ones. While it is not clear, the reasoning behind this was likely that with one English Grand Lodge it was logical to assume that Lodges in British Army regiments would revert to “one” Grand Lodge. The History of Freemasonry on Gibraltar notes that “. . . the pressure . . . disturbed (the) harmonious working. The records of the next dozen years are full of protests coming from Irish Lodges abroad10 and being passed from Dublin to London.” The Grand Lodge of Ireland, on June 9, 1815, wrote to Lodge No. 309 IC, held in the 26th (Cameronians) Regiment of Foot to advise in the strongest terms that the Lodge was not required to obtain authority from the Provincial Grand Lodge for permission to work on Gibraltar, nor to pay dues to it, but that the Lodge should certainly follow local laws and regulations. The period of discontent appears to have ended amicably although it took several decades to do so. (Here again we have a parallel with Upper Canada where Duke of Leinster Lodge, No. 283 IC, of Kingston (formed 1819, warranted February 1, 1821) was coerced by the Grand Masonic Convention of 1817 to surrender its Irish charter and take an English dispensation pending the arrival of a new Provincial Grand Master. The Lodge complained to Dublin and eventually a duplicate warrant was issued in 1829 and the affair brought before the Duke of Sussex but no action was taken by London.)

It was not until 1876 that any Grand Master of the three principal Grand Lodges visited Gibraltar. In that year the Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England, HRH The Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward VII), visited the Rock and laid the foundation stone of the old markets with full masonic honours. By the end of the century there were six civilian (i.e. non-ambulatory, military) lodges working at Gibraltar—three English (Royal Lodge of Friendship No. 278 ER (originally Calpean 556 ER(M)); Ordnance Lodge (originally No. 202 ER(A)) and now Inhabitants No. 153 ER; and the Provincial Grand Lodge); one Irish (Calpe No. 325 IC) and two Scottish (Lodge No. 576 and Al Moghreb al Aksa No. 670).

During the twentieth century Gibraltar would provide a home for five more English Lodges: Robert Freke Gould No. 2874 ER; Connaught No. 2915 ER; The Letchworth No. 3503 ER; United Services No. 3813 ER; and Gibraltar Masters No. 3825 ER all of which are still working.

Irish Civilian Lodges

By the end of 19th century there was one Irish “civilian” Lodge (i.e. non-ambulatory, military) at Gibraltar. Since its formation in 1826 it has operated under three names—Gibraltar Lodge, Rock Lodge and Lodge Calpe—albeit under one Warrant, No. 325. Calpe Lodge is still working and is the oldest Lodge on the Rock. It was joined, in 1992, by Irish Masters Lodge, No. 915 IC.

Scottish Civilian Lodges

By the end of the 19th century there were two Scottish “civilian” Lodges (i.e. non-ambulatory, military) working at Gibraltar—Lodge No. 576 (formed in 1876) and Al-Moghreb al Aksa Lodge, No. 670. This last named Lodge was originally issued with a dispensation and a warrant (No. 18) by the (Canadian) Grand Lodge of Manitoba A.F. & A.M., which like the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario, had one experience on the international scene. Both are still working.

10 The same situation arose in present-day Ontario with Duke of Leinster’s Lodge, No. 283 IC, at Kingston. On January 23, 1826, the Lodge surrendered its Warrant “under duress” and then appealed to Dublin. Dublin appealed to London unsuccessfully and a duplicate Warrant was issued on July 24, 1829.

Military Lodges - English, Irish and Scottish

Gibraltar was an extremely important garrison for Great Britain and for many years the military presence on “the Rock” has been very great. The Royal Artillery presence has been constant throughout Gibraltar’s history and a number of RA Lodges have worked on Gibraltar. In addition, a succession of regiments have spent varying amounts of time on the Rock both for its defence and also for staging throughout the Mediterranean area on other assignments reaching around the Globe. Many of the Royal Artillery and infantry regiments had masonic Lodges attached to them which worked on Gibraltar. It is interesting to note the numbers of Irish, Scottish and English Lodges which worked in Gibraltar:

Numbers of Infantry and RA Lodges which worked on Gibraltar

44 Lodges in Infantry Regts 7 Lodges in the RA

Two Lodges are working; both None of these are working are civilian and stationary

Premier/Moderns Nil Nil

Antients 3 [#58; 94; 112] 6 [#148; 209; 187; 345 (#5 PRGib); 230; 202]

United Grand Lodge 2 [#1045; 1126] Nil

Irish 26 [#11; 42; 61; 63; 73; 74; 85; 1 [#68] 128; 130; 156; 168; 174; 211; 227; 244; 290; 309; 322; 351; 390; 420; 535; 604; 617; 690; 714]

Scottish 3 [#58; 73; 239] Nil

Local 10 [#3; 3; 4; 4; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9; 12] Nil

These fifty-one lodges were “housed” in the following regiments:

(a) Infantry

1st (Royal) Regiment Lodge No. 11 IC (at Gibraltar 1770's) Defunct

1st (Royal) Regiment Lodge No. 74 IC (at Gibraltar 1790's) Defunct

2nd (Queen’s Royal) Lodge No. 244 IC (at Gibraltar 1770's) Defunct Lodge No. 390 IC (at Gibraltar 1770's) Defunct

4th (King’s Own) Lodge No. 12 PRGibraltar(A) Defunct

11th Foot Lodge No. 604 IC (worked on Gibraltar 1787) Defunct

12th (Duke of Norfolk’s) Duke of Norfolk Lodge No. 58 SC/320 ER (worked at Gibraltar 1763) Defunct

12th (Duke of Norfolk’s) Mount Calpe Lodge No. 1126/824 ER (formed at Gibraltar 1860) Defunct

14th Foot Lodge No. 211 IC Defunct

14th Foot Lodge No. 58 ER(A) (formed at Gibraltar 1756) Defunct

18th Foot Lodge No. 168 IC Defunct

18th Foot Lodge No. 351 IC Defunct

19th (Green Howards) Lodge No. 156 IC/3 PRGibraltar(A) Defunct

XXth Foot Lodge No. 63 IC (formed at Gibraltar 1736) Defunct

26th Foot Lodge No. 309 IC/261 IC Defunct

28th (North Gloucestershire) Lodge No. 6 PRGibraltar(A) Defunct

28th (North Gloucestershire) Lodge No. 9 PRAndalucia(A) Defunct

29th (The Worcestershire Reg) Lodge 322 IC Current

30th Foot Lodge No. 85 IC Defunct

30th Foot Lodge No. 535 IC Defunct

31st Foot Lodge No. 5 PRGibraltar(A) Defunct

31st Foot Lodge No. 1045 ER/743 ER Defunct

32nd Foot Lodge No. 61 IC Defunct

32nd Foot Whites Lodge, No. 73 SC Defunct

32nd Foot Officer’s Lodge No. 617 IC Defunct

39th Foot Gibraltar Lodge No. 128 IC (formed at Gibraltar 1741/2) Defunct

39th Foot Lodge No. 290 IC (formed at Gibraltar 1758) Defunct

42nd Foot Hibernia Lodge No. 42 IC Defunct

42nd Foot St. Andrew Lodge, No. 239/310/315/232/243/239 SC Defunct

46th Foot Lodge of Social and Military Virtues No. 227 IC Current

Duke of Cornwall’s LI (46th) Dominica Lodge No. 174 IC

50th Foot Lodge No. 112 ER(A)/113 IC Defunct

51st Foot Lodge No. 690 IC Defunct

51st Foot Orange Lodge No. 94 ER(A)/94 IC Defunct

56th (Pompadours) Lodge No. 420 IC Defunct

64th (2nd Staffordshire) Lodge No. 130 IC Defunct

68th Foot Lodge No. 714 IC (formed at Gibraltar 1790) Defunct

70th (Surrey) Lodge No. 7 PRGibraltar(A) Defunct

82nd Foot Lodge No. 4 PRAndalucia(A) Defunct

90th Foot Lodge No. 8 PRAndalucia(A) Defunct

100th Foot Lodge No. 3 PRGibraltar(A) Defunct

108th Foot Lodge No. 4 PRGibraltar(A) Defunct

(b) Royal Artillery

1st Battalion RA Waterloo Lodge, No. 230 ER(A)/No. 288 ER (formed at Gibraltar 1785) Defunct

2nd Battalion RA Perth Lodge, No. 148 ER(A), now St. John’s No. 115 ER (civil) (worked at Gibraltar 1771-90) Defunct

4th Battalion RA Gibraltar Lodge No. 209 ER(A) (formed at Gibraltar 1779 and remained there) Defunct

4th Battalion RA Gibraltar Lodge No. 5 PRGibraltar/345 ER(A)/443 ER (formed at Gibraltar 1805 and remained there) Defunct

7th Battalion RA Lodge No. 68 IC (at Gibraltar about 1825) Defunct

9th Battalion RA Lodge No. 187 ER(A)/No. 228 ER (worked at Gibraltar 1812-22) Defunct

Ordnance Department Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A) (formed at Gibraltar 1777 and remained there) Defunct

In keeping with the attitude prevalent in most military Lodges, upon arrival at Gibraltar, most would register with the local authority—in this case the Antients’ Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar (aka Andalucia)—and some would receive a Local Warrant. In cases where there was any disagreement of authority the mother Grand Lodge would usually instruct its military Lodges to act under the authority of the Provincial Grand Lodge—as happened in 1792/3 when the Grand Lodge of Ireland instructed Lodge No. 617 (in the 32nd Foot) to conform to the Provincial Grand Lodge’s laws and regulations.

The number of military lodges on Gibraltar would vary at any one time: the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, notes that by 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military Lodges in Gibraltar: one Scottish11, six Irish12, 3 Antients13 and one local (in the Company of Artificers). Robert F. Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1886, notes a further three as having shortly before left the garrison, and the Warrant No. 61 IC which had been copied and left behind for the remaining civilian members. The current review notes that there were at least 13 Irish, 1 Scottish and three Antient, military Lodges by 1800, which had passed through and worked in Gibraltar, although this still probably understates the actual number due to the loss of Lodge material, minute books, correspondence files, and other records. The precise number is not important—it is certainly clear that Gibraltar was truly an “Antients” place, where Irish, Scottish and Antients masons worked the regular three degrees, plus the Royal Arch, Knight Templar and Mark degrees, under the authority of their Lodge Warrants.

Gibraltar’s resident lodges

So, one outstanding question is “how many Gibraltar lodges have there been?” This question is not focussed on lodges which have existed and worked on Gibraltar at some time in their life (as the transitory military ones have done), but rather, refers to lodges which have spent their entire existence on the Rock.

The current tracking shows that nineteen lodges have been formed and worked on Gibraltar. Six have closed. Thirteen lodges provide a permanent (and occasionally a temporary) home for Freemasons. These lodges are:

Calpe Lodge No. 325 IC (formed 1826)

Lodge of St. John No. 115 (formed 1767 in 2nd Battalion RA)

Inhabitants Lodge No. 153 ER (originally Ordnance No. 202 ER(A) formed in 1777)

(English) Provincial Grand Lodge No. 276 ER (originally Antients’ PGL, formed 1786)

Royal Lodge of Friendship No. 278 ER (originally Calpean No. 556 ER(M) formed in 1788)

Lodge of St. Thomas No. 576 SC (formed 1876)

11 White’s Lodge, No. 73 SC, in the 32nd Foot (Warrant issued November 25, 1754 and erased 1809).

12 These were: Lodge No. 11 IC, in the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot (Warrant issued November 7, 1732 and surrendered April 1847); Lodge No. 604 IC, in the 11th Regiment of Foot (Warrant issued June 6, 1782 and cancelled July 15, 1815); Lodge No. 168 IC, in the 18th Regiment of Foot (Warrant issued September 2, 1747 and erased November 5, 1801); Lodge No. 227 IC, in the 46th Regiment of Foot; Lodge No. 690 IC, in the 51st (2nd Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment of Foot (Warrant issued September 4, 1788 and cancelled in December 1858); and Lodge No. 714 IC, in the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot (Warrant issued April 1, 1790 and cancelled October 7, 1813).

13 These were Lodge No. 112 ER(A) in the 2nd Battalion 50th Regiment of Foot (Warrant issued April 21, 1763 and erased in 1813; an Irish Warrant, No. 113 IC, had been issued to the same Lodge on April 21, 1763 when the Regiment arrived in Ireland. It was not cancelled until July 6, 1815); Perth Lodge, No. 148 ER(A), in the 2nd Battalion of Royal Artillery (Warrant issued September 5, 1767, replaced with Warrant No. 181 ER in 1814 which became a civilian Lodge at Gibraltar in 1821) and Garrison Lodge for which a number is not stated.

Al Moghreb al Aksa Lodge No. 670 (originally No. 18 GR Manitoba, formed 1881)

Robert Freke Gould Lodge No. 2874 ER (formed 1901)

Connaught Lodge No. 2915 ER (formed 1902)

The Letchworth Lodge No. 3503 ER (formed 1911)

United Services Lodge No. 3813 ER (formed 1917)

Gibraltar Masters’ Lodge No. 3825 ER (formed 1917)

Irish Masters’ Lodge No. 915 IC(formed 1992)

Issuance and cancellation/termination of Warrants for Gibraltar Lodges (Note: Figure in square brackets denotes known termination)

TOTAL PREMIER MODERN ANTIENT U. G. L. IRISH SCOTS

1725-1749 1 1

1750-1775 2 1 1

1776-1800 5 [1] 3 [1] 2

1801-1825 2 [3] [1] [2] 2

1826-1850 1 [1] [1] 1

1851-1875 [1] [1]

1876-1900 2 1

1901-1925 5 5

1926-1950

1950-PRESENT 1 1

TOTAL 19 [6] 1 [1] 4 [3] 3 7 [2]

In addition, three are so new (from an outsider’s perspective) and no information has been collected on them, including: St. Bernard Lodge of Research, No. 1817 SC; Coronation No. 934 SC; and Masonic District Grand Stewards Lodge, No. 9217 ER.

Concordant Bodies

There is a large quantity of evidence from surviving lodge documents, reports and certificates to indicate that military lodges practiced a wide range and variety of masonic degrees and orders. Many came out of Ireland and many came out of Europe (particularly France and Prussia) during the latter half of the eighteenth century.

The earliest written references to the Royal Arch come out of Ireland in 1743 and there are references to Knights Templary from the same date. Early certificates date from this period. History indicates that while Antients and Irish lodges practiced a variety of degrees, the Moderns decried the habit and prohibited the working of degrees beyond the three established ones. As late as the 1850's the Grand Lodge of Ireland took care to explain to lodges that the Grand Lodge warrant was the only one issued and that lodges were authorized to work any masonic degree thereunder.

Certainly the ritual of the various concordant bodies were carried to Gibraltar and have contributed to the present establishment of:

C five Royal Arch Chapters, namely St. John 115 ER, Prince of Wales 153 ER, Calpean 278 ER, Calpe 325 IC and St. Thomas 168 SC;

C three Mark Lodges, namely Gibraltar Mark Lodge 43 EC, Mediterranean Mark Lodge 278 EC and Hammerton Mark Lodge 516 EC and a District Grand Mark Lodge;

C Cockburn Lodge of Royal Ark Mariners 43 EC (held under authority of the Grand Mark Lodge)

C Calpe Preceptory and Priory of Knights Templars 60 EC;

C Royal Europa Chapter pf Rose Croix 14 ER;

C Gibraltar Conclave of the Oder of the Secret Monitor 369 ER;

C St. Thomas Cryptic Council 168 SC;

C Calpe Council of Knight Masons 88 IC; and

C Provincial Grand Lodge of the Royal order of Scotland SC.

Sources

Brodsky, Michel; English Freemasonry in Europe 1717-1919; 1994 Prestonian Lecture; The Collected Prestonian Lectures 1988-1996, QC Correspondence Circle Ltd., London, 1997, ISBN 0-907655-34-3.

Calpe Lodge; The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC; held on the Lodge website: along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

Cerza, Alphonse; The American War of Independence and Freemasonry; as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

Cochrane, Keith; (CD-ROM) Update (2002) of Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records; available in CD-ROM version only from R. W. Bro. Cochrane, Belfast, June 2002.

Crossle, Philip; Irish Masonic Records; limited manuscript publication in the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973.

Douglas, William; Freemasonry in Manitoba—1864-1925; published by the Research Committee of The Grand Lodge of Manitoba, A.F. & A.M., Winnipeg, 1925.

Emmett, Robert; Freemasonry in Manitoba 1925-1980 Part II; published by the Research and Education Committee of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba, A.F. & A.M., Winnipeg, 1975.

Gould, Robert Freke; The History of Freemasonry, 3 volumes; 3rd Edition; Thomas C. Jack, 45 Ludgate Hill, London, 1886.

Graham, John H.; Outlines of the History of Freemasonry in the Province of Quebec; John Lovell & Son, Montreal; 1892.

Grand Lodge of Scotland; Listing of Military Lodges Chartered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland; 1995.

Harris, R. V.; History of St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 1 GRNS Halifax, NS; Wm. Macnab & Son, Halifax, 1920.

Harris, R. V.; The Story of Lodge “Glittering Star” No. 322 (Irish) (1759-1966) and The Beginning of Knight Templary in Canada; Paper No. 86 of the Canadian Masonic Research Association; as published by The Heritage Lodge, No. 730 GRC, 1986.

Harris, R. V.; The Irish Civilian Lodges of Canada 1820-1888; February 20, 1959, Canadian Masonic Research Association, Volume 2 Paper 48, as published by The Heritage Lodge, No. 730 GRC, 1986.

Harris, R. V., Milborne, A. J. B. and Case, Col. James R.; Freemasonry at the Two Sieges of Louisbourg: 1745 and 1758; May 13, 1958; Vol. 2, paper 46, Canadian Masonic Research Association, printed in 1986.

Kyte Sr., Elinor; British Regulars in Montreal: An Imperial Garrison 1832-1854, McGill-Queen’s University Press, Montreal, 1981, ISBN 0-7735-0372-2.

Lane, John; Masonic Records 1717-1894; 2nd Edition; London, 1895.

Lepper, John Heron and Crossle, Philip; History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. 1; published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC IC, Dublin, 1923.

Lepper, John Heron; “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, as printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1957.

Masonic Holdings; Whence Come We? Freemasonry in Ontario 1764 - 1980, published by Masonic Holdings, Hamilton, 1980.

Milborne, A. J. B.; The Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec 1759-1792 Parts I and II; articles as printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1956.

Nevison, Harry M.; History of the Lodge of Antiquity, Montreal; printed 1963, printer unknown.

Parkinson, R. E.; History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. 2; published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC IC, Dublin, 1923.

Parkinson, R. E.; Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions for the Years 1949-1957, printed 1959, Dublin.

Pick, Fred L. and Knight, Norman, The Pocket History of Freemasonry, Revised by Frederick Smyth, 8th Edition, published by Muller (London, Sydney, Aukland, Johannesburg), 1991.

Reddyhoff, James; Freemasonry in the Royal Artillery; AQC, Volume 116, 2003.

Robertson, John Ross; History of Freemasonry in Canada; 2 Volumes; The Hunter, Rose Co. Ltd., Toronto, 1899.

Rogers, Norman, Lancashire Military Lodges, June 24, 1963, as printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, No. 2076 ER, London, 1963.

Sadler, Henry; Masonic Facts and Fictions; published by Diprose & Bateman, Sheffield Street, Lincoln’s Inn, London, 1887.

Sheppard, W. Bro. Ray, Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, September 2002, notes on Lodges in the XXth Foot.

Sheppard, W. Bro. Ray; “My Hero”, Segt.-Major William Shepherd; September 1992; private printing.

Singer, Herbert T. and Lang, Ossian; New York Freemasonry: A Bicentennial History 1781-1981; published by the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted masons of the State of New York; 1981; LCC H2537.N75S55.

Smith, Pemberton; Early Canadian Freemasonry 1759-1869; Quality Press, Montreal; 1939.

Smyth, Bro. Frederick, The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Prestonian Lecture for 1990 as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, No. 2076 ER, London, 1990.

Thomas, Captain William, Freemasonry in the British Army, article published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997.

Websites of the United Grand Lodge of England, Grand Lodge of Ireland and Grand Lodge of Scotland

(a) Premier and Moderns Stationary Lodges at Gibraltar

Mother St. John Lodge, No. 24, ER(M), Gibraltar 1792?-1813 Mother St. John Lodge, No. 25, ER(M), Gibraltar 1785-1792 St. John of Jerusalem Lodge, 25 ER(M), Gibraltar 1780-1785 St. John of Jerusalem Lodge, 28 ER(M), Gibraltar 1770-1780 St. John of Jerusalem Lodge, 30 ER(M), Gibraltar 1768-1770 St. John of Jerusalem (Gibraltar) Lodge, 30 ER(M), Gibraltar 1755-1768 St. John of Jerusalem (Gibraltar) Lodge, 51 ER, Gibraltar 1729-1753 St. John of Jerusalem (Gibraltar) Lodge, no number, Gibraltar 1728-1729 Gibraltar Lodge, (time immemorial), Gibraltar 1724?-1728

This Lodge may have been working from as early as 1724 or 172714 although the premier Grand Lodge did not issue an authority for its formation until March 9, 1728/9. It is entered as the second deputation received from a Lodge abroad in the records, but it may well have been the earliest as the original application (see below) appears to have been submitted to the Duke of Richmond as Grand Master and he held that office in 172415. This makes Gibraltar (or St. John of Jerusalem) Lodge the second Lodge in history to receive a warrant from the premier Grand Lodge for a Lodge located outside Great Britain—Lodge of the Three Fleur de Luces at Madrid having been the first. Irish Masons from various Regiments serving on the Rock during the siege of 1727 were some of the earliest members of this new Lodge.

Whereas application was made to our Right Worshipfull Brother His Grace the Most Noble Charles Lenox Duke of Richmond, late Grand Master by our Brother John Bailie, Master and Thomas Wilson, and Benjamin Radenhurst, Wardens of a Lodge of St. John’s at Gibralter, for and on the behalfe of several of our Brethren Commissioned and non-commissioned Officers and others; representing: That as they have nothing more at heart than their duty to God, our King and Country, and to his Grace as Grand Master, They desire that they may be constituted a regular Lodge in due form. These are therefore to Impower and authorize our well-beloved Brother John Bailie, Thomas Wilson, and Benjamin Radenhurst to convene our Brethren at Gibralter aforesaid, and that they do in our place and stead, constitute a regular Lodge in due fform, at Gibralter aforesaid (taking especial care that they and every of them have been regularly made Masons) with like Priviledges as all other regular Lodges do enjoy, and that they be required to conform themselves to all and every the Regulations contained in the Printed Constitutions, and observe such other Rules and Instructions as shall from time to time be transmitted to them by us, or Nathaniel Blackerby, Esq., our Deputy Grand Master, or the Grand Master, or his Deputy Grand Master for the time being, and that they do with the first opportunity send to us, or our Deputy a List of the members of their Lodge, together with the Rules agreed on to be by them observed, to the end they may be entered in the Grand Lodge Book. Given under our hand and Seal of Office at London this 9th day of March 1728/9, and in the year of Masonry 5728. By the Grand Master’s command, Nat. Blackerby, Deputy Gd. Master. J. Thornhill, ) Grand Mn. O’Connor, ) Wardens

[Source: Sadler, Masonic Facts and Fictions, p. 36.]

14 John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894 notes that “Gibraltar Lodge” is referred to in Grand Lodge minutes for May 10, 1727.

15 According to Henry Sadler in Masonic Facts and Fictions, 1887, the first Deputation to constitute a foreign Lodge appearing the records is dated February 6, 1728/9 for a Lodge at Fort William, Bengal. St. John’s at Gibraltar is the second recorded and the third is for the Lodge in Madrid which had been founded by the Duke of Wharton in 1722.

As Henry Sadler notes in Masonic Facts and Fictions, the request from the Lodge leading to the Grand Lodge deputation of 1728 was not a request for permission to form a new Lodge but was a request to legalize an existing Lodge under the “new” system which had been formed in 1717. Sadler also notes that this was a very early use of a name of a Lodge16 which had no bearing on its location. Originally Lodges were known by their location only (such as the Lodge at the Rummer and Grapes) and then by their number and location after numbering of Warrants and Lodges became established. The beginning of the Lodge and its early intake of new members, as well as its appreciation to Grand Lodge for the deputation and consequent consecration is evidenced in the following letter. Regrettably Henry Sadler does not include the list of members which was attached. The Lodge letter does, however, indicate a change in the name from “St. John” to “St. John of Jerusalem”. The entry in the Grand Lodge records reads “A Letter from the Lodge of St. John of Jerusalem lately Constituted at Gibralter by authority from the present Grand Master was read, and ordered to be entered, viz:—

Most Noble and Right Honorable Grand Master My Lord We the Master and Wardens of the Lodge of St. John of Jerusalem, established by your Lordship’s Letters of Consecration, dated the seventh day of March, 1728/9, in this His Majesty’s Garrison of Gibralter, do for ourselves and Fellow Masons, beg Leave to return our most humble Thanks for the Honour your Lordship hath been pleased to do us, in impowering us to hold a Lodge in as due and ample manner as hath been hereto practised by our Brethren; In pursuance of which we did on the fifth Instant, hold our first Lodge, and as our Number was then but small: We admitted six Brothers, whose names are distinguished in the List of the Members of the Lodge, which together with the Orders thereof, We now transmitt to you. And we further beg Leave to assure your Lordship that we shall in every respect conform to what you have prescribed to us, and shall keep an exact account of our Proceedings in order to lay them before your Lordship or our Grand Master for the time being when it shall be necessary or by you required. And so We humbly Salute your Lordship, the Right Worshipful the Deputy Grand Master and Warden, and the rest of our Brethren, and in the name of our Lodge We remain with great Respect, My Lord Your Lordship’s most humble and most Obedient Servants and Brethren, John Baylie, Master Josias Wilson ) Benjn. Rodenhurst ) Wardens From our Lodge at Gibralter, the 19th day of October, 1729

[Source: Sadler, Masonic Facts and Fictions, p. 38.]

In 1731 Captain James Cummerford, a founder member of St. John of Jerusalem Lodge, was appointed as Provincial Grand Master of Andalucia17. In 1752 Cummerford was replaced by Colonel J. G.

16 Sadler, p. 113, accepts Robert Freke Gould’s explanation that the use of the name “St. John” denoted an unattached Lodge or Brother at this time (1720's) which would seem to fit with the possibility that the Lodge was not seeking permission to exist, but, rather seeking a recognition of the new established Grand Lodge. Sadler also cites Bazot’s Manual of Freemasonry (Paris, 1811) which makes the case that the “St. John” referred to was not St. John the Baptist or St. John the Evangelist, but rather, St. John the Almoner, “to whom Encampments of Knights Templars are dedicated.”

17 This would make Gibraltar either the second or third Provincial Grand Lodge to be established—the other two being Hanover in 1730 and Russia (also) in 1731.

Montresor, another founder of St. John of Jerusalem and also the Chief Engineer of the Fortress. Cummerford was reappointed in 1754 when Montresor embarked for America, at the time he had been promoted and was a Colonel. When the split of 1751 occurred in the premier Grand Lodge and resulted in the formation of the Antients’ and Moderns’ Grand Lodges, St. John of Jerusalem Lodge retained its allegiance to the Moderns Grand Lodge. At about this time the Lodge became known as “Mother Lodge of St. John” or “Mother Lodge” and received Warrant No. 24. The authority of the Moderns’ Grand Lodge all but disappeared from Gibraltar by 1791 when the Moderns’ Provincial Grand Master, HRH Duke of Kent, departed for Quebec (where he would become the Antients’ Provincial Grand Master). On his departure, four of the five Moderns’ Lodges on the Rock assembled and produced a Provisional Patent for Bro. Sweetland as Acting Moderns’ Provincial Grand Master, citing the authority of the then absent Duke of Kent. The action was confirmed by the Moderns’ Grand Lodge. Mother St. John Lodge did not participate in the action which had little impact anyway as all the Moderns’ Lodges had gone into darkness soon after 1800. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894, Second Edition, provides the following entry for the Lodge on page 52: “Gibraltar Lodge. St. John’s Lodge, 1768. Mother Lodge of St. John, 1785. The Rock, Gibraltar, (Malaga), Spain 1728. Lodge at Gibraltar is referred to in G. L. Min. 10 May 1727. Deputation to constitute 9 March 1728/9. (G. L. Warrant) Nov. 1728 No. 51B18. 9 March, 1729 No. 51. No. 51 1740. No. 30, 1755. No. 28, 1760. No. 25, 1780. No. 25 1781. No. 241792. Warrants of Confirmation, 12 Mar. 1785 and 22 Nov. 1786. Last payment 1800. Lapsed before the Union 1813.” In 1831 the name “St. John” was adopted by Perth Lodge No. 181 (originally No. 148 ER(A) in the Artillery which had become civilian and stationary about 1826. This Lodge still works as St. John’s Lodge, No. 115 ER.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Facts and Fictions, by Henry Sadler, P.M. and P.Z., Published by Diprose & Bateman, Sheffield Street, Lincoln’s Inn, 1887. (2) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895.]

18 The “B” is Lane’s manner of indicating that there were (at least) two warrants carrying the same number. Usually this would indicate two different Lodges with the number at different times, although in this case it is the same Lodge.

Lodge of Inhabitants, No. 159 ER(M), Gibraltar 1792-1800? Lodge of Inhabitants, No. 186 ER(M), Gibraltar 1781-1792 Lodge of Inhabitants, No. 185 ER(M), Gibraltar 1780-1781 Lodge of Inhabitants, No. 231 ER(M), Gibraltar 1770-1780 Lodge of Inhabitants, No. 285 ER(M), Gibraltar 1762-1770

Warrant No. 285 was issued by the Moderns’ Grand Lodge for the Lodge of Inhabitants on Gibraltar. This was a stationary civilian Lodge (although it probably took in military personnel) and continued its existence until sometime after 1800. When the split of 1751 occurred in the premier Grand Lodge between Antients and Moderns, Lodge of Inhabitants retained its allegiance to the Moderns Grand Lodge and received Warrant No. 159. Although the authority of the Moderns’ Grand Lodge had all but disappeared by 1791, four of the five Lodges assembled and produced a Provisional Patent for Bro. Sweetland as Acting Moderns’ Provincial Grand Master, citing the authority of the then absent Provincial Grand Master, HRH Prince Edward, The Duke of Kent. Lodge of Inhabitants was one of the four lodges. The action was confirmed by the Moderns’ Grand Lodge. Mother St. John Lodge did not participate in the action which had little impact anyway as all the Moderns’ Lodges had gone into darkness soon after 1800. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894 lists the Lodge on page 128 as follows: “Lodge of Inhabitants, Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1762. (GL Warrant) 12 July 1762 No. 285 ER(M). Renumbered as 231 in 1770, 185 in 1780, 186 in 1781 and 159 in 1792. No payment after 1800. Erased in 1813.” It is probable that the Lodge was defunct by 1800 at the latest. In 1807 Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A), took over the lapsed name of Lodge of Inhabitants and is still working as No. 153 ER, Gibraltar.

Hiram’s Lodge, No. 400 ER(M), Gibraltar 1792-1813 Hiram’s Lodge, No. 460 ER(M), Gibraltar 1786-1792

Warrant No. 460 was issued by the Moderns Grand Lodge on November 22, 1786 to hold Hiram’s Lodge on Gibraltar. This was a stationary civilian Lodge (although it probably took in military personnel). Although the authority of the Moderns’ Grand Lodge had all but disappeared by 1790, four of the five Lodges assembled and produced a Provisional Patent for Bro. Sweetland as Acting Provincial Grand Master of the Moderns Grand Lodge, citing the authority of the then absent Provincial Grand Master, HRH Prince Edward, The Duke of Kent. Hiram’s Lodge was one of the four lodges. The action was confirmed by the Moderns’ Grand Lodge. Mother St. John Lodge did not participate in the action which had little impact anyway as all the Moderns’ Lodges had gone into darkness soon after 1800. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894, p 213, describes the Lodge as: “Hiram’s Lodge. Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1786. (G. L. Warrant) 22 Nov. 1796. No 490. 1792 renumbered as No. 400. Erased in 1813.

Royal Lodge of Friendship, No. 278 ER 1903-present Lodge of Friendship, 278 ER, Gibraltar 1863-1903 Lodge of Friendship, 345 ER, Gibraltar 1832-1863 Lodge of Friendship, 465 ER, Gibraltar 1814-1832 Lodge of Friendship, No. 556 ER(M), Gibraltar 1803-1814 Calpean Lodge, No. 556 ER(M), Gibraltar 1789-1803 Calpean Lodge, UD ER(M), Gibraltar 1788-1789

There is little regarding the origins and working of this Lodge in The History of Freemasonry in Gibraltar. Calpean Lodge is listed in the Moderns’ Register as having been meeting since 1788 under dispensation. It was constituted in 1789 as No. 556. Although the authority of the Moderns Grand Lodge in Gibraltar had all but disappeared by 1790, four of the five Lodges assembled and produced a Provisional Patent for Bro. Sweetland as Acting Moderns’ Provincial Grand Master, citing the authority of the then absent Provincial Grand Master, HRH Prince Edward, The Duke of Kent. Calpean Lodge was one of the four lodges. The action was confirmed by the Moderns’ Grand Lodge. Mother St. John Lodge did not participate in the action which had little impact anyway as all the Moderns’ Lodges had gone into darkness after 1800. In 1803 Calpean Lodge adopted the lapsed name of “Lodge of Friendship”. [Note: The History gives both 1803 and 1815 as the year in which the Lodge adopted the name “Friendship” and it is more likely it occurred after 1813 when the original Lodge of Friendship was erased from the roll.] With the Union of the Moderns’ and Antients’ Grand Lodges in 1813, new Warrants were issued in 1814 and the Lodge was confirmed as Lodge of Friendship, No. 465, Gibraltar. Shortly after receiving the new Warrant it was lost and a Warrant of Confirmation was issued by United Grand Lodge in 1817. This Warrant, too, became lost and a second Warrant of Confirmation was issued in 1825 and is the Warrant under which the Lodge continues to work. This Lodge is the only recognized survivor of the Moderns at Gibraltar and continues to hold the original manuscript book of 1789 By-Laws and a list of members up to 1806. The Bylaws contain prohibitive clauses regarding intercourse with Antients’ masons. At that time the old original Lodge would hold a festival on September 9 to commemorate the “sinking of the junk ships” during the great siege. The Lodge also possesses the Minutes, manuscript By-Laws and list of members of the original Lodge of Friendship, No. 577/486 ER(M)—see next Lodge entry. Royal Friendship Lodge also holds the Minute book of Durham Faithful Lodge, No. 446 ER, which was held in the 68th (Durham Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot. The History notes that the Lodge tended to draw its members from the English on Gibraltar, one of its members being HRH The Duke of Connaught who, as Grand Master in 1903, granted the use of the prefix “Royal” with the Lodge name. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894, p 213, describes the Lodge as: “No. 278 (1894.) Calpean Lodge, 1789. Lodge of Friendship 1815. Gibraltar (Malaga) Spain 1788. “Have met by Dispensation as a Lodge since 1 Dec. 1788.” (G. L. Warrant) 15 Dec. 1789 No. 556. 1792 No. 465. 1814 No. 520 (ER). 1832 No. 345. 1863 No. 278. Warrants of Confirmation in 1817 and 8 Dec. 1825. Centenary Warrant, 2 May 1892. Met at Freemasons’ Hall, Glynn’s Buildings, Gibraltar, 1860; Horse Barracks Lane, Gibraltar 1874; Masonic Hall, Alameida, Gibraltar, 1886.”

Lodge of Friendship, No. 486 ER(M), Gibraltar 1791-1813 Lodge of Friendship, No. 577 ER(M), Gibraltar 1781-1791

The Lodge of Friendship was constituted by Lodge of Inhabitants in 1791 under authority from the Moderns’ Grand Lodge and under its own Warrant No. 486 ER(M). Warrant No. 577 was issued from London bearing the date of April 13, 1791. The warrant was renumbered as 486 in 1792. Lodge of Friendship was a signatory of the Provisional Patent for Bro. Sweetland as Provincial Grand Master. Although the authority of the Moderns Grand Lodge had all but disappeared by 1790, four of the five Lodges assembled and produced a Provisional Patent for Bro. Sweetland as Acting Moderns’ Provincial Grand Master, citing the authority of the then absent Provincial Grand Master, HRH Prince Edward, The Duke of Kent. Lodge of Friendship was one of the four lodges. The action was confirmed by the Moderns Grand Lodge. Mother St. John Lodge did not participate in the action which had little impact anyway as all the Moderns’ Lodges had gone into darkness soon after 1800. Many of the members of the Lodge at the time of closing joined Calpean Lodge. Royal Lodge of Friendship, which inherited the lapsed name of “Friendship” now possesses the Minutes, manuscript By-Laws and list of members of the original Lodge of Friendship, No. 577/486 ER(M). The membership roll shows that the members were most seafaring people or Brethren connected with the sea through business (Italians, Genoese, Sardinians, Sicilians, French, Spanish and Portuguese). The By- Laws are written in English and Italian. Many of the members were “captain of privateer” and “merchant”, one was “equilibrista”19 and several were Spanish and Portuguese priests (even though the Inquisition was still going on). John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894, p 225, describes the Lodge as: Lodge of Friendship. Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain, 1791. (G. L. Warrant) 13 April 1791 No. 577. 1792 No. 486. Last payment 1800. Erased in 1813.”

19 A Spanish word for “tight rope walker”.

(b) Antients Stationary Lodges at Gibraltar

Inhabitants Lodge, No. 153 ER (original), Gibraltar 1885-present Inhabitants Lodge, No. 153 ER (Warrant of Confirmation) 1877-present Inhabitants Lodge, No. 153 ER, Gibraltar 1863-1877 Inhabitants Lodge, No. 178 ER, Gibraltar 1832-1863 Inhabitants Lodge, No. 251 ER, Gibraltar 1814-1832 Inhabitants Lodge, No. 202 ER(A), in HM Ordnance at Gibraltar 1804-1814 REF: E159 Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A), in HM Ordnance at Gibraltar 1777-1804

The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar20 notes “In 1777 another Ancients Lodge was warranted as the Ordnance Lodge No. 202, Admission to which was restricted to officers and artificers in HM Ordnance establishment. When the original Lodge of Inhabitants lapsed in 1807, No. 202 took over the name of Inhabitants and still works with us as No. 153.” It is an interesting note that a Lodge Certificate was issued on January 23, 1810 to Bro. Geo. Fairfowl of the Lodge in which he is described as a “Regular geometric Master Mason of the Ancient Craft.” United Grand Lodge issued Warrant No. 715 on October 6, 1819, for Ordnance Lodge, to be held in HM Ordnance at Gibraltar. The Warrant was surrendered to United Grand Lodge in 1826. The first WM of Mount Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC (the first civilian Irish Lodge on Gibraltar whose Warrant was issued on September 7, 1826) was W. Bro. Daniel Durham, who had been initiated into Lodge No. 309 IC in the 26th (The Cameronians) and had been released locally (i.e. at Gibraltar) from military service in about 1822. The SW (Bro. Isaac Thompson); JW (Bro. Alexander Imbrie); Secretary (Bro. John Pratt) and one Charter Member, Bro. Robert Moravia; were from Lodge No. 68 IC, held in the 2nd Company, 7th Battalion of Royal Irish Artillery and which was one of the sponsoring Lodges for No. 325. The SD (Bro. Charles Causton) and one other Charter Member, Bro. John Wheatley, were members of Lodge No. 130 IC in the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot. The members from the Royal Artillery had also been released from service on Gibraltar and their unit had left. In addition, the Treasurer (Bro. Francisco Semonetti); JD (Bro. Joseph Baggetto) and Tyler (Bro. Giacomo Celicia) and Charter Member W. Bro. Thomas Varnor; were members of Lodge No. 715 ER, in the Gibraltar Ordinance Department, which had surrendered its Warrant in 1826. By 1857 the Lodge had been dormant for several years and it was resurrected by the actions of officers of the 31st Regiment of Foot, particularly Bro. Lieutenant Robert Freke Gould (he was 21 years old at the time and had been a mason for two years). By 1858, Gould had re-established the Lodge with himself as Master and Bros. Irwin and Schreiber as Wardens. These officers also helped in the establishment of Meridian Lodge, No. 1045 ER, Gibraltar. The History of Freemasonry on Gibraltar notes that in 1877 the Lodge was forced to apply to United Grand Lodge for a Warrant of Confirmation as the original Warrant which had been surrendered to Grand Lodge, had become lost. At the same time the Lodge applied for recognition of the Centennial of the Lodge which was also approved as was a Centennial jewel. In 1885 the original Warrant was found and returned to the Lodge by United Grand Lodge and the Warrant of Confirmation was surrendered. Because of the historical interest in the various signatures on the Warrant of Confirmation it was returned to the Lodge and carries a footnote to this effect on the bottom lefthand corner—thus making the Lodge probably the only one working under two warrants at the same time. In 1901 the Inhabitants Lodge founded Robert Freke Gould Lodge, which received Warrant No. 2874 from the United Grand Lodge of England. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, page 148, reads: “Inhabitants’ Lodge. Named in 1804. In His Majesty’s Ordnance, in the Garrison of Gibraltar, (Malaga), Spain 1777. (G. L. Warrant) 18 Nov. 1777 No. 202. 1814 No. 251. 1832 No. 178. 1863 No. 153. A Stationary, and not a Military Lodge. G. L. Reg. Meeting at: Crown and Anchor, Gibraltar, 1815. Glyn’s Buildings, Gibraltar, 1860. Three Anchors

20 The History is held on website

Coffee House, Main Street, Gibraltar, 1863. 6 Engineers’ Lane, Gibraltar, 1866. Garrison Library, Gibraltar, 1869. 19 Bell Lane, Gibraltar, 1874. 32 Engineers’ Lane, Gibraltar, 1876. Masonic Hall, Armstrong Buildings, Gibraltar, 1877. Had a Warrant of Confirmation, 10 July 1877, the original warrant having been lost , but it has since been recovered. Centenary Warrant (Special Jewel) 1 Oct. 1862. Cancelled in 1877. Centenary Warrant 18 Nov. 1877.” In reporting the entry in the Grand Lodge Register, Lane is flagging that this was not an ambulatory military Lodge and allowing for the interpretation that it was a stationary Lodge for military personnel of the Ordnance Department on the Rock, a not insubstantial establishment.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (2) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) W. Bro. Ray Sheppard 1994 listing of military Lodges. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.]

(English) Provincial Grand Lodge, No. 276 ER, Gibraltar 1813-???? Antients’ Provincial Grand Lodge, No. 220 ER(A), Gibraltar 1786-1813

On January 25, 1786, the Antients Grand Master signed Warrant No. 220, establishing the Provincial Grand Lodge at Gibraltar. This would be the second use of the number “220" due to an error in the Grand Secretary’s office, he having used it for a Lodge at Lichfield in error and had been required to issue a new warrant there numbered “224" and to use “220" for Gibraltar. The action taken was a response to an appeal from three Antients’ Lodges at Gibraltar—one quasi- civilian (stationary) and two military (ambulatory). The three Lodges were: Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A) (formed 1777), Perth Lodge, No. 148 ER(A) in the 2nd Battalion, RA (formed 1767) and Waterloo Lodge, No. 230 ER(A), held in the 1st Battalion, RA (formed 1785). Because of the refusal of the five Moderns’ Lodges to accept non-Moderns’ as equals, the new Provincial Grand Lodge took under its authority the many travelling Lodges which arrived at the garrison with their regiments. In acting in this manner, many of the transient masons accepted Provincial offices—in fact, the first Antients’ Provincial Grand Master was a Bro. Ross, an Irish Mason (refer to Grand Lodge of ireland records, 1789, letter signed by Bro. John Ross complaining about the ill conduct of members of Lodge No. 244 IC). HRH Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, was appointed as Provincial Grand Master in January 1790 and he held the office for the remaining existence of the Antients’ Provincial Grand Lodge on Gibraltar (i.e. 1813) even though he left in 1791 for Quebec. Early masonic record-keeping around the world was often incomplete—or documents were lost and destroyed in the frequent fighting between nation states. In a great many cases the records are incomplete. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894, includes PART IV, containing information (such as it was available to him) about Lodges which were warranted abroad by English Provincial Grand Lodges but not registered with the Grand Lodge in London. The following list refers to local (or Provincial) warrants issued by the Antients Provincial Grand Lodge at Gibraltar under the authority of Warrant No. 220 dated January 25, 1786 and for which no definitive information about the Lodges is available:

No. 2 Provincial in the Royal Artillery

No. 3 Provincial in the 100th Regiment of Foot

No. 4 Provincial in the 108th Regiment of Foot

No. 5 Provincial in the Royal Artillery

No. 6 Provincial in the 28th Regiment of Foot

No. 7 Provincial in the 70th Regiment of Foot

No. 8 Provincial in the 90th Regiment of Foot

No. 9 Provincial in the 28th Regiment of Foot

The above eight warrants were issued but it is not clear to which Lodges they applied. It was tradition for Grand Lodges and Provincial Grand Lodges to reuse numbers. Given the frequent movement of military units and lodges into and out of Gibraltar these numbers were frequently interchanged. The above listing is believed to be additional to the listing of local warrants on pages 9, 10, 11 of this presentation.

With the union of the Antient’s and Moderns’ Grand Lodges in 1813 the Provincial Grand Lodge was issued with a new warrant as No. 276 ER.

Ordnance Lodge, 715 ER, Gibraltar 1819-1826

United Grand Lodge issued Warrant No. 715, dated October 6, 1819, for a new Lodge at Gibraltar, to be named “Ordnance Lodge”, using the lapsed name of the original Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A), which had been issued in 1777. This Lodge would be short-lived and surrendered its Warrant in 1826. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, page 251, reads: “Ordnance Lodge. In Garrison, Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1819. (G. L. Warrant) 6 Oct. 1819 No. 715. Warrant surrendered in 1826.”

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895.]

Calpean Lodge, No. 482 ER, Gibraltar 1832-1863? Calpean Lodge, No. 748 ER, Gibraltar 1822-1832

United Grand Lodge issued 748 dated November 9, 1822, for a new Lodge at Gibraltar, to be named “Calpean” using the original name “Calpean Lodge” which had been in use from 1788 to 1803 (see p 20). Although the warrant was renumbered as 482 in 1832 the Lodge may have lapsed about this time and was erased from the Grand Lodge roll in 1862. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, page 254, reads: “Calpean Lodge. Named in 1824. Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1822. (G. L. Warrant) 9 Nov. 1822 No. 748. 1832 No. 482. Erased 4 June 1862.”

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895.]

Robert Freke Gould Lodge, No. 2874 ER, Gibraltar 1901-present

In 1901 the Inhabitants Lodge, No. 153 ER, Gibraltar founded Robert Freke Gould Lodge, which received Warrant No. 2874 from the United Grand Lodge of England. The Lodge was named in honour of R. W. Bro. Lieutenant Robert Freke Gould of the 31st Foot accepted the honour of the First Immediate Past Master of the Lodge at its formation and the Founder Master was W. Bro. W, H, Hoare. No further information is presently known about the Lodge.

[Sources: (1) Calpe Lodge; The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC; held on the Lodge website: along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.]

Connaught Lodge, No. 2915 ER, Gibraltar 1902-present

In 1902 Connaught Lodge was founded at Gibraltar and received Warrant No. 2915 from the United Grand Lodge of England. It was constituted as a Lodge for Officers, Warrant Officers and civil officials of relative rank in the navy or army. It was named after the Grand Master of United Grand Lodge, HRH The Duke of Connaught, who agreed to be registered as the first Immediate Past Master of the Lodge. No further information is presently known about the Lodge.

[Sources: (1) Calpe Lodge; The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC; held on the Lodge website: along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.]

HRH The Duke of Connaught

(1850-1942)

(Photo: Photographer or Artist/NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF CANADA/PA-29978)

Arthur William Patrick Albert, 1st Duke of Connaught and Strathearn was born at Buckingham Palace on May 1, 1850, the third son of Queen Victoria. He was educated privately and then attended the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He spent a year with the 1st Battalion of the Rifle Brigade in Montreal where he turned out for a Fenian raid in 1870. After a military career which took him to Egypt, India, Ireland and South Africa he was made a Field Marshal in 1902. The Duke of Connaught was appointed as Governor General of Canada from 1911 to 1916. As nominal commander-in-chief of the Canadian militia he took his role very seriously and his insistence on being consulted about the details of war administration created considerable tension between him and the Minister of Militia, Sam Hughes and stretched his constitutional position and the patience of the Prime Minister, Robert L. Borden, to the limit. The Duke of Connaught returned to England in 1916. He died at Bagshot Park, Surrey, on January 16, 1942. Both the Duke of Connaught and his elder brother, HRH the Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII) were dedicated Masons.

Masonic Career

In 1870 the Duke of Zetland gave up the Grand Mastership of the United Grand Lodge of England and was succeeded by the Marquess of Ripon (then Earl de Grey and Ripon). Ripon’s successor in 1874 was the Prince of Wales. In 1876 the Duke of Connaught became Senior Grand Warden, and in 1886 the Duke was made Provincial Grand Master for Sussex (the first time such an office had been held by a member of the Royal family). When the Prince of Wales ascended the Throne in 1901 as King Edward VII he resigned as Grand Master and became Protector of the Craft. He was succeeded by his brother, the Duke of Connaught, who reigned as Grand Master for 38 years (the second longest recorded period, the longest sitting Grand Master being the Duke of Leinster in Ireland, who was Grand Master for 61 years. The Duke of Connaught’s reign as Grand Master saw the greatest success and prosperity of the Craft in the United Kingdom and around the world. Some of the key events included: the creation of “London Grand Rank” in 1908; the 1917 Bicentenary of Grand Lodge and the 1919 Masonic Peace Celebrations; the construction and opening of the Royal Masonic Hospital in 1920 which has gone through several extensions and upgrades; the Masonic Peace Memorial of 1933 (the name given to the new Masonic Hall at Great Queen Street). For health reasons the Duke of Connaught resigned as Grand Master in 1939 and was succeeded by HRH George, Duke of Kent.

Knights Templary

The Convent-General of the 1870's, designed to embrace the Knight Templar Orders in England, Scotland and Ireland, but leaving domestic control to each, came into being with the Prince of Wales as Sovereign. Scotland did not join, having problems to deal with first. The English Grand Conclave of Knights Templars changed its name to National Great Priory and, when the Convent-General ceased to exist in 1895, again amended its style and title to Great Priory of England and Wales and resumed complete independence. The Duke of Connaught was Grand Master of the Orders in England from 1907 to 1939 and, concurrently, Grand Master of the Orders in Ireland from 1878 to his death in 1942. During his tenure as Governor General of Canada, the Duke of Connaught was granted the rank of Past Supreme Grand Master of the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada in 1914 in recognition of continuous support for the Masonic Order in general, and in recognition of his involvement in, and support for Knights Templary in particular.

[Sources: (1) The Sovereign Great Priory of Canada of the United Orders of Malta and of the Temple 1855- 2002, The Supreme Grand Masters, published 2003 by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises, ISBN 0-9732736-0-7. (2) Photo: Photographer or Artist/NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF CANADA/PA-29978.]

The Letchworth Lodge, No. 3503 ER, Gibraltar 1911-present

In 1911 Royal Lodge of Friendship (see p 20) founded The Letchworth Lodge at Gibraltar for officers serving in the two (now three) Services. The new Lodge received Warrant No. 3503 from the United Grand Lodge of England. It was named after R. W. Bro. Letchworth who was Grand Secretary of United Grand Lodge for many years until his death in 1910. No further information is presently known about the Lodge.

[Sources: (1) Calpe Lodge; The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC; held on the Lodge website: along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.]

United Services Lodge, No. 3813 ER, Gibraltar 1917-present

In October 1917 a new Lodge for officers in the Services was Constituted at Gibraltar. United Services Lodge received Warrant No. 3813 from the United Grand Lodge. Membership in the Lodge is restricted to past and present members of the Armed Forces. No further information is presently known about the Lodge.

[Sources: (1) Calpe Lodge; The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC; held on the Lodge website: along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.]

Gibraltar Masters Lodge, No. 3825 ER, Gibraltar 1917-present

In December 1917 the Gibraltar Masters Lodge was formed under Warrant No. 3825 issued by the United Grand Lodge of England. It was originally restricted to Installed Masters of the English Constitution but was later widened to admit any Installed Master from a recognized jurisdiction. It was formed with the object of “promoting intercourse between Installed Masters belonging to Lodges located in Gibraltar, to provide a means of responsible discussion on all points relating to masonic working, policy and conduct in the District and to assist Lodges.” The Lodge is still working. No further information is presently known about the Lodge.

[Sources: (1) Calpe Lodge; The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC; held on the Lodge website: along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.]

Masonic District Grand Stewards Lodge, No. 9217 ER, Gibraltar ????-present

The Lodge appears in the Gibraltar Masonic website as belonging to the District Grand Lodge EC. No further information is available.

(d) Irish Civilian Lodges warranted at Gibraltar

Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar 1863-present Rock Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar 1844-1863 RA Chapter, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar 1836-???? Gibraltar Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar 1826-1844

In 1826, with the sponsorship of Lodge No. 68 IC (held in the 2nd Company, 7th Battalion, Royal Artillery), Lodge No. 42 IC (held in the 42nd (Black Watch) Regiment), and Lodge No. 130 IC (held in the 1st Battalion, North Staffordshire (ex 64th) Regiment of Foot)21, a number of Irish Masons residing at Gibraltar petitioned the Grand Lodge of Ireland for authority to form a civilian Lodge. The Petitioners specifically asked for a Warrant containing the number “5” as they were in possession of a set of regalia engraved with that number. It is believed to have been used by a Lodge held in the 2nd Company, 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery, which had operated under a Local Warrant, No. 5, in the period 1805/6-1821 (No. 345 ER(A) 1809-1814 and No. 443 ER 1814-1827) and whose English Warrant had been erased in 1827. Warrant No. 32522 IC was authorized by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on September 18, 1826 as per the following letter:

Dublin 18th September 1826

Dear Sir & Bro.

I duly received your Memorial for a Permanent Warrant to be held in Gibraltar, which has been granted by our Grand Lodge, it shall be prepared, and ready to forward by first opportunity. I have also received in same account from Lodge No. 68, an Order for Seven pounds 7/9d. being the amount of the Warrant, and their information, that the schooner Vigilent Capn. Tooles, is on passage here, and by whose return, hope to transmit Warrant gear - Should Lodge 68 not have sailed before this reaches, please inform them, that I have got their letter, but defer writing until they write me from England agreeable to their directions. The Warrant for Gibraltar will be No. 325, being the earliest open with a five in it.

I beg to add that I feel pleasure at this renewal of our correspondence.

Sir & Bro Your obedient Servant (signed) W. F. Graham D.G.Sect.

The Lodge history makes it clear that the formation of this civilian Lodge was necessary due to imminent departure of Lodges 68 IC and 130 IC, whose parent Regiments were being transferred back to England, and the need of an Irish Lodge to provide a masonic home for Irish Masons remaining on the Rock. The first WM of Lodge No. 325 IC was W. Bro. Daniel Durham, who had been initiated into Lodge No. 309 IC in the 26th (The Cameronians) and had been released locally (i.e. at Gibraltar) from military service in about 1822. The SW (Bro. Isaac Thompson); JW (Bro. Alexander Imbrie); Secretary (Bro. John Pratt) and one Charter Member, Bro. Robert Moravia; were from Lodge No. 68 IC. The SD (Bro. Charles Causton) and one other Charter Member, Bro. John Wheatley, were members of Lodge No. 130 IC. The members from the Royal Artillery had also been released from service on Gibraltar and their unit had left.

21 Other records indicate that the Lodge was held in the 2nd Battalion.

22 The number “325" was first used by the Grand Lodge of Ireland for a Warrant on May 3, 1759 to hold Cappoquin Lodge, in County Waterford. The Lodge removed to Mallow, County Cork on February 3, 1803. The Warrant was cancelled by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on July 7, 1825.

In addition, the Treasurer (Bro. Francisco Semonetti); JD (Bro. Joseph Baggetto) and Tyler (Bro. Giacomo Celicia) and Charter Member W. Bro. Thomas Varnor; were members of Lodge No. 715 ER, in the Gibraltar Ordinance Department, which had surrendered its Warrant in 1826. Lodge No. 325 IC was Consecrated on January 23, 1827 at the Freemason’s Tavern by the Masters and officers of Lodges No. 42 (Hibernia Lodge, No. 42 IC, held in the 42nd Foot) and 130 under authority from Grand Lodge. By 1832 only the Charter WM was alive of the Founding Members and two cholera epidemics (1828 and 1834) resulted in a decline in membership. Growth was rapid and by April 1836, the Lodge wrote to Grand Lodge requesting a Warrant for Royal Arch Chapter, which was approved in September 1836. However, life in the Chapter was not made easy and the new Lodge/Chapter complained to Grand Lodge about the unmasonic behaviour of Sergeant Rafferty of the 52nd Foot, who was WM of Lodge No. 244 IC and (as reported by Chapter No. 325 IC) also First Principal of a Chapter in Gibraltar23. There is no indication in the Lodge History of the action taken by Grand Lodge although Lodge No. 244 IC was known to have been working in Dublin as late as 1844, and its Warrant was surrendered in 1845. The death of the Lodge Tyler, on August 27, 1840, provoked the first recorded conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and Freemasons on Gibraltar. The first Papal Bull against the Craft, published in 1738, appears to have never been promulgated in Gibraltar and the newly arrived RC Bishop of Gibraltar refused to permit the burial of a Catholic who had become a Freemason. The Tyler was buried with appropriate Masonic honours under the direction of the Rev. Dr. Burrow of the Anglican Church of the Hold Trinity (who was also the English Provincial Grand Master of Gibraltar). The overall situation was eventually resolved to the satisfaction of everyone by the removal of the RC Bishop. In 1844 the Lodge name was changed to “Rock Lodge” in recognition of its location on the Rock of Gibraltar. Calpe Lodge has assisted in the formation of a number of new Lodges in and around the area. In 1851 Rock Lodge petitioned for, and obtained, a Warrant for the erection of an Irish Lodge in Malta where many non-resident service members were stationed and in November 1851, Leinster Lodge, No. 387 IC was Consecrated. In 1858 some of the military brethren of Rock Lodge took part in the resuscitation of Lodge No. 178 ER (now Inhabitants Lodge, No. 153 ER) using the old original Warrant. Apparently this was done without any approval of any masonic authority and Rock Lodge wrote to Grand Lodge explaining the situation and that the Lodge, per se, did not actively condone the action. No reply appears on the Lodge files according to the Lodge History. In early 1863 Calpe Lodge submitted a Petition to Grand Lodge for authority to form a new Lodge at Cadiz although no approval appears to have been granted. In 1907 the WM and officers assisted in the revival of Dominica Lodge, No. 174 IC (held in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry - ex 46th Foot). In July 1862 Rock Lodge sought approval from Grand Lodge to work “in different languages when occasion may require”. The languages in question were Spanish, French, Italian and Portuguese. Approval was quickly given (and remains in force today) and the Lodge grew significantly; a much quicker and favourable response than that which occurred when St. John, No. 115 ER obtained its limited authority from United Grand Lodge for the minutes only to be kept in Spanish. In spite of this authority the first degree to be given in that language was worked on November 12 1870 and the earliest Minutes written in Spanish date from 1873. In 1863 the Lodge applied to the Grand Lodge of Ireland for permission to use the lapsed name of “Calpe Lodge” which had earlier existed at Gibraltar as No. 556 ER(M) from 1788 to 1803. Calpe Lodge assisted in a number of public events with a distinct masonic orientation. Th Lodge participated in the laying of the cornerstone of the New Market at Waterport in 1876, attended by the Grand Master of England, HRH The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII).

23 Originally Warrant No. 370 IC had been issued on August 6, 1761 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland to hold a Lodge in the 52nd Foot. After many vicissitudes during the American Revolution and through India, the Warrant was cancelled by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1825, but the Lodge kept working. On May 3, 1832, Warrant No. 244 IC was issued by Grand Lodge “. . . . to three old members of 370 in lieu of latter Warrant.” Warrant 244 IC shows the names of WM - Thomas Rafferty and Wardens - James Reed and Peter Alleyz.

On instructions from Grand Lodge, dated November 2, 1877, a Resolution of Grand Lodge was read prohibiting masonic intercourse with the Grand Orient of France over the latter’s removal of the requirement for a belief in a supreme being. The first Lodge of Instruction was worked on July 11, 1910. It has since been named as “Robert’s Lodge” and is run in conjunction with Calpe Lodge. The History is replete with benevolence activities of Calpe Lodge throughout its existence. It is noted that several English District Grand Masters reported in their own records that brethren in distressed circumstances regardless of their masonic affiliation received better support from Irish Masons on the Rock than from any other jurisdiction. The pace of support of the distressed has been constantly set by Calpe Lodge. Calpe Lodge members served in two World Wars and special funds were collected and set aside to assist brethren and widows who were in need of assistance. In 1940 special permission was given to remit the dues of serving brethren and dues were remitted for those not on service but who suffered financial difficulties during the period of conflict. Although Calpe Lodge did not celebrate its centennial (according to its minutes) the members celebrated its sesquicentennial by entertaining the Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland during a visit to the Rock in September 1976. In January 1992 a Centenary Certificate was prepared for the Lodge by Grand Lodge. Calpe Lodge is still working and meets in the Lodge Rooms at the Gibraltar Institute, 47a Prince Edward’s Road.

Worshipful masters of Calpe Lodge, No. (* = charter members) (year* = elections/installations every six months)

1827* D. Durham 1827* D. Durham 1828* D. Durham 1828* J. Thompson 1829* J. Thompson 1829* J. McKeane 1830 J. Thompson 1831 J. Thompson 1832 J. Thompson 1833 R. Hill 1834 R. Hill 1835 A. C. Hemson 1836 A. C. Hemson 1837 G. Bolton 1838 A. C. Hemson 1839 E. Greshon 1840 J. Gilbertson 1841 W. Murphy 1842 E. Hill 1843 M. Vonberg 1844 J. Ellison 1845 B. McGinn 1846 B. McGinn 1847 B. McGinn 1848 T. Beal 1849 B. McGinn 1850 B. McGinn 1851 J. Foster 1852 B. McGinn 1853 B. McGinn 1854 B. McGinn 1855 B. McGinn 1856 B. McGinn 1857 B. McGinn 1858 J. S. Smith 1859 J. S. Smith 1860 T. Lake 1861 J. West 1862 J. Romero 1863 J. Romero 1864* J. Walsh 1865* P. McCormick 1865* H. Paisley 1866* G. Laider 1866* C. Molinary 1867* J. Johnstone 1867* C. Molinary 1868* W. Osmond 1868* C. Molinary 1869* C. Molinary 1869* H. B. Thyne 1870 J. Descalzo 1871* J. Holliday 1871* P. De La Vega 1872* J. Descalzo 1872* J. Messias 1873 J. F. Franceri 1874 J. Holliday 1875 J. F. Franceri 1876* W. Leslie 1876* J. F. Franceri 1877 A. Ross 1878 R. Jackson 1879 A. P. Crawley 1880 A. Ross 1881 W. Bell 1882 R. Jackson 1883 P. Lyons 1884 N. A. Bassadone 1885 W. Morley 1886 J. Radford 1887 J. F. Courier 1888 F. G. Hendley 1889 F. G. Hendley 1890 J. Descalzo 1891 J. Descalzo 1892 E. J. Legget 1893 J. Tough 1894 A. M. Hall 1895 A. M. Hall 1896 W. T. Pike 1897 J. Walsh 1898 J. Descalzo 1899 W. D. Browne 1900 J. Descalzo 1901 W. Braund 1902 W. Braund 1903 S. Roberts 1904 C. Bartholomew 1905 C. Bartholomew 1906 P. R. Chapman 1907 H. S. Smith

1907 H. S. Smith 1908 A. Smith 1909 J. Carrigher 1910 G. Villiers 1911 F. Lawrence 1912 F. Lawrence 1913 F. Lawrence 1914 F. Delebeque 1915 E. T. Davies 1916 J. H. Barton 1917 F. G. Graham 1918 J. Littlewood 1919 J. H. Barton 1920 C. Bartholomew 1921 T. E. Lakely 1922 W. Browne 1923 F. G. Batten 1924 J. H. Weir 1925 G. Sheridan 1926 E. Santos 1927 J. H. Weir 1928 F. Tabb 1929 H. E. Horton 1930 P. Lowe 1931 W. J. Shergold 1932 W. J. Shergold 1933 S. W. Taylor 1934 C. L. Santos 1935 R. W. Lee 1936 M. C. Nuza 1937 H. A. Selby 1938 R. E. G. Cross 1939 T. W. Mason 1940 J. W. V. Cumming 1941 W. Whetten 1942 J. E. Deale 1943 H. Rowan 1944 N. N. Cumming 1945 G. Holloway 1946 T. H. Russel 1947 S. Cane 1948 J. M. Alcantara 1949 J. Ellis 1950 H. Melrose 1951 T. H. Russel 1952 F. H. Risso 1953 J. M. Vella 1954 J. M. Vella 1955 A. Fenick 1956 J. A. Desoiza 1957 J. A. Desoiza 1958 A. J. Milan 1959 A. J. Milan 1960 J. E. Lara 1961 J. E. Lara 1962 J. Ellul 1963 A. A. Ferrer 1964 A. A. Ferrer 1965 J. Lagares 1966 J. P. Winspear 1967 A. A. Ferrer 1968 E. Gallardo 1969 S. Valarino 1970 M. Gracia 1971 M. Gracia 1972 J. Ellis 1973 M. Hanglin 1974 H. J. Neale 1975 F. Olivares 1976 J. Laguea 1977 G. A. Dalli 1978 E. J. Hammond 1979 D. Bear 1980 A. J. Gordon 1981 J. J. Finlayson 1982 W. Francis 1983 W. Francis 1984 J. J. Garro 1985 E. Gaduzo 1986 J. J. Rodriguez 1987 J. Chiara 1988 C. Carter 1989 A. Enriles 1990 J. Bugeja 1991 J. L. Cruz 1992 J. C. Noguera 1993 H. Vassallo 1994 E. Gaduzo 1995 M. Olivera 1996 L. Chichon 1997 E. Sanchez 1998 G. Laguea 1999 R. H. Dickson 2000 M. Hanglin 2001 C. Noguera 2002 G. Mauro 2003 A. Posso

Irish Masters Lodge, No. 915 IC, Gibraltar 1992-present

Irish Masters Lodge was only the second Irish Lodge to be formed on Gibraltar. It was formed on March 17, 1992 St. Patrick’s Day) and issued with Warrant No. 91524 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, being Constituted by a team from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Down, acting on behalf of Grand Lodge. Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar provided the majority of founders (charter members) of the Lodge. The Lodge is still working and meets in the Lodge Rooms at the Gibraltar Institute, 47a Prince Edward’s Road.

24 The number “915" was first used on May 6, 1802, for a Warrant to hold a Lodge at Ballynure, Ballyclare, Co. Antrim. The warrant was returned to Grand Lodge on February 3, 1825, in exchange for lower numbered warrant No. 177.

(e) Scottish Civilian Lodges warranted at Gibraltar

Lodge of St. Thomas, No. 576 SC, Gibraltar 1876-present

The Grand Lodge of Scotland issued Warrant No. 576 in 1876 for a civilian Lodge to be held at Gibraltar under the name Lodge of St. Thomas. No details are currently known.

[Sources:

Al Moghreb al Aksa Lodge, No. 670 SC, Gibraltar 1882-present Al Moghreb al Aksa Lodge, No. 1825, GRM, Tangier, Morocco 1882-1890 Al Moghreb al Aksa Lodge, No. 18, GRM, Gibraltar 1881-1882 Al Moghreb al Aksa Lodge26, UD, GRM, Gibraltar 1881-1881

At the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba (Canada), held in February 1881, a petition was read from a number of brethren, requesting dispensation to open a regular Lodge at Gibraltar which would be removed to Morocco. A covering letter was attached to the petition recommending the dispensation and signed by R. W. Bro. Robert Stewart Patterson, the first Master of Prince Rupert’s Lodge, No. 1, GRM. It is not clear that a dispensation was issued although Grand Lodge issued Warrant No. 1627 to Al Moghreb al Aska Lodge on July 28, 1881. Shortly afterwards a copy of the May Communication of the Grand Lodge of Scotland was received by the Grand Lodge of Manitoba which indicated that Scotland considered the action to be an infringement upon the jurisdictional rights of the Grand Lodges of England, Ireland and Scotland, and instructed the Scottish Lodge at Gibraltar (Lodge No. 576 SC, formed 1876) to withhold masonic intercourse with the Manitoba Lodge. A similar protest was received from United Grand Lodge in August 1881. R. W. Bro. Patterson was cabled and instructed not to constitute the Lodge or that if it had been so constituted, to suspend the Warrant until the Lodge had removed to Morocco, in keeping with the intent of the original petition. R. W. Bro. Patterson was instructed to return the Warrant if the Lodge did not move out of Gibraltar. In the meantime R. W. Bro. Patterson had constituted the Lodge and had convened “an occasional” Grand Lodge at which he constituted a Territorial Grand Lodge. In July 1882 an order was issued by the Grand Lodge of Manitoba demanding the return of all documents, including the Lodge Warrant. No reply or action appears to have been taken by R. W. Bro. Patterson and Grand Lodge had the order inserted into The Freemason (a magazine published in London). The Master and Wardens of Al Moghreb al Aska Lodge responded to Grand Lodge and pointed out that they had been “seduced” by R. W. Bro. Patterson and had no desire to create problems. They also advised that by this time the Lodge was domiciled in Tangier. At the Annual Communication of 1883, the Grand Lodge of Manitoba confirmed the Warrant in Tangier. R. W. Bro. Patterson appealed the actions of Grand Lodge but was not successful. The Charter of Al Moghreb al Aska Lodge, No. 16, GRM, Tangier, Morocco, was suspended at the 1890 Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba, “for failure to submit returns to Grand Lodge”. The last report of the Lodge, received in 1888, showed that they had 26 members. The Lodge removed back to Gibraltar in 1882 or 1883 and applied to the Grand Lodge of Scotland for a Warrant, receiving No. 670, dated 1882. As this now gave Gibraltar two Scottish Lodges in residence, the Grand Lodge of Scotland authorized them to form a Scottish District Grand Lodge. The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar notes a fraternal visit by members of Al Moghreb Al Aksa Lodge. The history of the Lodge after this time is unknown.

[Sources: (1) Freemasonry in Manitoba—1864-1925, by William Douglas, P.G.M. Manitoba, Published by the Research Committee of The Grand Lodge of Manitoba, A.F. & A.M., Winnipeg, 1925. (2) Freemasonry

25 There is some discrepancy in the records. Freemasonry in Manitoba 1864-1925 shows the warrant issued as Number 16. Freemasonry in Manitoba 1925-1974 Part II shows the Warrant as No. 18.

26 Various records show the Lodge name as Al-Moghreb Al-Aksa and Al-Moghreb Al-Aska. Lacking a copy of the Warrant the precise spelling is unclear.

27 The Grand Lodge of Manitoba used the number “16" twice for overlapping periods—the number being carried by Kinistino Lodge, No. 16, GRM, Prince Albert, Saskatchewan from 1883 to 1906.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 57 in Manitoba 1925-1980 Part II, by Robert Emmett, P.G.M., Published by the Research and Education Committee of the Grand Lodge of Manitoba, A.F. & A.M., Winnipeg, 1975.]

Coronation Lodge, No. 934 SC, Gibraltar 1953?-present

The Lodge appears in the Gibraltar Masonic website as belonging to the District Grand Lodge SC. No further information is available.

St. Bernard Lodge of Research, No. 1817 SC, Gibraltar ????-present

The Lodge appears in the Gibraltar Masonic website as belonging to the District Grand Lodge SC. No further information is available.

(f) Royal Artillery lodges at Gibraltar (Lodges are listed in order of the Battalion - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th)

REF: E135 Waterloo Lodge, No. 288 ER, in the 1st Battalion, Royal Artillery 1814-1826 REF: E135 Waterloo Lodge, No. 230 ER(A), in the 1st Battalion, Royal Artillery 1785-1814

Warrant No. 230 was issued on June 25, 1785, by the Antients Grand Lodge to twenty-two Masons to hold Waterloo Lodge in the 1st Battalion of Royal Artillery when the Battalion was at Gibraltar. This would appear to be the first time that a newly formed Lodge on Gibraltar was issued with an Antients’ Warrant, as the Provincial Grand Lodge prior to 1786 had been “Modern” and had only recently “converted” to the Antients28. James W. Reddyhoff notes that during 1785, there were four companies of the 1st Battalion, RA, at Gibraltar: Captains J. Wright, T. Brady, S. P. Adye and T. Blomefield, the last named company being assigned to Jamaica in September 1785. The other three companies embarked on the transport General Elliot in June 1786 and arrived in Halifax in August and amongst these companies was the warrant and paraphernalia of Waterloo Lodge. Captain Adye’s Company stayed in Halifax, that of captain Brady went on to St. John’s, Newfoundland and that of Captain Wright went on to Saint John, New Brunswick. The three companies stayed on station until August 1789 when they returned to Woolwich. During this period in Canada, the Lodge membership was split with 16 being stationed in Halifax and six in St. John. Problems developed in St. John which led to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia refusing to recognize the authority of Waterloo Lodge. This occurred during the 1785-9 period when the six members met in St. John and, at one meeting, initiated a civilian candidate which Hiram Lodge “claimed as its property”. While there were occasions when military lodges initiated civilians, it was usually because there was no civilian lodge close-by. Indications are, however, that harmonious relations were eventually re- established. The 1st Battalion was assembled in full at Woolwich in 1792 and Waterloo Lodge was noted as being there. The outbreak of war with France in 1783 saw the companies assigned to various locations but Waterloo Lodge remained at Woolwich. With the unification of the Antients and Moderns Grand Lodges in 1813, new Warrants were issued in 1814 and Waterloo Lodge received No. 288 ER. While it is unclear how amalgamations were accomplished during the 1820's, Lodge No. 13 ER, in the Royal Artillery at Woolwich, united on December 1, 1826 with two Royal Artillery Lodges—Waterloo Lodge No. 288 ER (which had been issued on June 25, 1785 as No. 230 ER(A)) in the Royal Artillery at Gibraltar29) and Royal Marine Lodge No. 418 ER (issued as No. 328 ER(A) on November 23, 1810 to meet in Woolwich)—to become Union Waterloo Lodge. The Lodge met as a civilian Lodge in Woolwich up to 1889 when it removed to Plumstead, Kent, and is now meeting at Dartford Masonic Hall. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894 includes an entry for the Waterloo Lodge on page 161 as follows” First Battalion Royal Artillery, Gibraltar (Malaga) Spain 1785. (G. L. Warrant) 25 June 1785 No. 230 ER(A). 1814 No. 288. Was at New Brunswick, North America 1789. (At) Ordnance Arms, Beresford Square, Woolwich, London 1792. New Barracks Tavern, Woolwich Common, Woolwich, London 1794. Red Lion, Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, London 1802. Shakespeare’s Coffee House, Powis Street, Woolwich, London 1808. Edinburgh House, Samuel Street, Woolwich, London 1809. Barracks Tavern, Woolwich Common, Woolwich, London 1810. Red Lion, Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, London 1814. Royal Oak, Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, London 1815. General Abercrombie, Artillery Place, Woolwich, London 1819. Red Lion, Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, London 1821. United with No. 13 [No. 86 (A) of 6 March 1761], 1 December 1826. A second and separate entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1896, page 39, is very extensive

28 History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar .

29 This Lodge is reported by Reddyhoff to have been in New Brunswick in 1789 and then settled at Woolwich in 1792.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 64 Freemasonry in Gibraltar and is cited here in extenso. “Union Waterloo Lodge, Named in 1826. Royal Artillery, Salutation, Beresford Square, Woolwich, London 1761. (G. L. Warrant) 6 March 1761 No. 86 and 4 June 1788 No. 7. No. 86 (A) purchased No. 7 (A) for £5 5s. 0d., 4 June 1788. W.M. of No. 86 stated to G. L. that understanding the Warrant of No. 7 was dormant, they would give £5 5s. 0d. Agreed to in G. L. Min. 4 June 1788. (As No. 7) At Royal Mortar, Beresford Sq., Woolwich, London 1792. At Salutation Tavern, Woolwich, London 1792. At Prince of Wales Tavern, Woolwich, London 1792. At Salutation Tavern, Woolwich, London 1804. At Star and Garter, Powis Street, Woolwich, London 1806. At Royal Oak, Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, London 1807. At Lord Whitworth Tavern, Woolwich, London 1813. At Ordnance Arms, Beresford Sq., Woolwich, London 1814. At Shakespeare Tavern, Powis Street, Woolwich, London 1818. At Fortune of War, Thomas Street, Woolwich, London 1819. At Red Lion, Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, London 1822. At Barracks Tavern, Woolwich Common, Woolwich, London 1825. United with No. 288 and No. 418 [No. 230 (A) of 25 June 1785, and No. 328 (A) of 23 Nov. 1810), 1 December 1826. At George IV Tavern, Rectory Place, Woolwich, London 1830. At Red Lion, Mulgrave Place, Woolwich, London 1831. At King’s Arms Tavern, Frances St., Woolwich, London 1837. At Queen’s Arms Tavern, Barrage Road, Woolwich, London 1839. At King’s Arms Tavern, Frances St., Woolwich, London 1856. At Freemasons’ Tavern, Dock Yard, Woolwich, London 1858. At. Masonic Hall, William Street, Woolwich, London 1862. At Freemasons’ Hall, Mount Pleasant, Plumstead, Kent 1889.”

[Sources: (1)Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (2) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) W. Bro. Ray Sheppard 1994 listing of military Lodges. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) Freemasonry in the Royal Artillery, by Bro. James W. Reddyhoff, AQC, Volume 116, 2003.]

St. John’s Lodge, No. 115 ER, (civil, stationary) Gibraltar 1863-present St. John’s Lodge, No. 132 ER, (civil, stationary) Gibraltar 1832-18 St. John’s Lodge, No. 181 ER, (civil, stationary) Gibraltar 1826-1832 REF: E136 St. John’s Lodge, No. 181 ER, in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery 1821/2-1826 REF: E136 Perth Lodge, No. 181 ER, in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery 1813-1821/2 REF: E136 Perth Lodge, No. 148 ER(A), in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery, various locations including Gibraltar 1767-1813

Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1887, notes the issue of Warrant No. 148 by the Antients Grand Lodge on September 5, 1767, to Perth Lodge in the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Artillery. The Warrant was signed by the Duke of Athol as Grand Master and Laurence Dermott, as Grand Secretary. The History of Calpe Lodge, No 325 ER, held on website notes that the Lodge had been constituted when the 2nd Battalion RA was at Perth, Scotland, which likely accounts for the name adopted. According to James H. Reddyhoff, the Lodge was held in Captain John Dovers’ Company RA. The Company had mustered at Woolwich on April 1, 1767 and arrived at Perth, Scotland, in May. It remained there until July 1, 1771, when it marched to Woolwich. On August 7, 1771, Captain Dover transferred to a Company of Invalids and George Graves was promoted Captain of the Company. Captain Graves’ Company left for Gibraltar in March 1772 and arrived in April via Mahon, a port on the Balearic Islands. The Company had taken Perth Lodge with them to Gibraltar. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his May 1994 publication Masonic Lodges held in the 28th Regt. Gloucestershire Old Braggs notes that the difficulties between Antients’ and Moderns’ Masons in England were carried to Gibraltar. On St. John’s Day, December 1772, members of the two Moderns’ Lodges30 wished to exclude Perth Lodge No. 148 ER(A), from taking part in the customary procession, but Lodge No. 148 was supported by four Irish Lodges31 to attend the procession. In addition to this, Sheppard writes that at this time there was, on the Governor’s staff, a naval Captain called Murray. He was able to verify that the signature on the Warrant was that of his Uncle, the Duke of Athol, and that both the Warrant and Lodge must regarded as authentic. The Irish Lodges wrote in May 1773 to the Grand Lodge of Ireland justifying their action, and, apparently, received a reply endorsing it. The minutes of the Antients Grand Lodge of December 15, 1773 note: “Heard a letter from 148 at Gibraltar setting forth that a set of people who had their authority from the Moderns Grand Lodge thought it proper to dispute the legality of the said warrant No. 148. That in the said garrison there was held Lodges 11, 244, 290, 359, 420 and 466 on the registry of Ireland and 58 on the registry of Scotland”. For his support in “proving the authenticity of the Warrant”, Captain Murray RN was voted a gold medal by the Antient Grand Lodge on June 4, 1777. The Moderns’ military Lodges, considering Perth Lodge to be irregular, wrote to the Master of Inhabitants Lodge at Gibraltar, noting that: “As to the pretended Lodge held in the detacht. of the Artillery, under an authority from Mr. Dermott, and who call themselves Ancients your Lodge acted with the utmost propriety in objecting to their being reced in any manner as regular Masons. Their pretense to the appelation (sic) of Ancient Masons, is too ridiculous to merit an ansr. They are never acknowledged as Masons in our Lodges, nor can they be admitted into a Lodge of ours without being remade & paying the full fees of initiation. I am therefore to intreat (sic) that all possible means may be taken to suppress this pretended, this

30 These were Lodge of St. John of Jerusalem (originally No. 51 ER, dating from 1751 and which had remained under the authority of the Moderns’ Grand Lodge) and which was known as Mother St. John and Lodge of Inhabitants, No. 285 ER(M) (dating from 1761).

31 These were: Lodge No. 11 IC, in the 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot; No. 244 IC, in the 2nd (Queen’s Royal) Regiment of Foot; No. 290 IC, in the 39th Regiment of Foot; and No. 466 IC, in the 58th Regiment of Foot.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 66 Freemasonry in Gibraltar spurious Lodge of Free Masons.” During 1779 the Lodge was open and working when the Spanish began an attack, since referred to in history records as the “Great Siege.” The Lodge was called to refreshment and the members went off to man the artillery. The Spanish armies did not abandon the siege until 1783 at which time the Lodge members reassembled and the Lodge was called from refreshment to labour. The Lodge had been “called off” for 3½ years. Records indicate that post-Lodge refreshments consisted on bread, cheese and beer. In 1790 detachments of the 2nd Battalion were assigned to Port Royal (Jamaica) and Jamaica, but Perth Lodge remained in Gibraltar with the active brethren. The members of the Lodge who arrived in Jamaica took advantage of meeting with Waterloo Lodge, No 230 ER(A), held in the 1st Battalion, while applying to London for their own Warrant. Although the Lodge was originally a exclusively military Lodge, in 1807 the first civilian member, John Nicholls, was initiated into the Lodge. He is described as “an inhabitant of Gibraltar”. Following the unification of Antients and Moderns Grand Lodges in 1813, new Warrants were issued in 1814, and Perth Lodge received No. 181 ER. There are no references in records to the Lodge requesting or being issued with a local Warrant. In 1821/2 the Lodge adopted the name “St. John’s”. It continued to initiate civilians and by 1826, when the Regiment was preparing to leave Gibraltar and return to Britain a decision was made to close the Lodge as it had been and to (re)constitute it on Gibraltar as a civilian Lodge. Thus the civilian and (very few remaining) military members petitioned Grand Lodge for a Warrant of Confirmation as a civilian Lodge32. This was granted on December 2, 1826, and the original Warrant and records of the military Lodge were returned to Grand Lodge where they currently reside. At this time (1826) English was not spoken fluently by many of the civilians living and working on Gibraltar and difficulties were experienced in working the Ritual. Following a Petition, Grand Lodge permitted the use of Spanish for the business portions of meeting in 1831, an authority which remained in effect until withdrawn in 1944, although this authority was reinstated in 1956. Thus the original Minutes of Perth Lodge for the period 1767 to 1826, which were deposited with Grand Lodge, are written in English. From 1831 to 1944 the Minutes are written in Spanish, and from 1944 to 1956 they are in English and in Spanish since 1956. With the renumberings of English Lodges in 1832 and 1863, St. John’s Lodge became No. 132 ER and then No. 115 ER. Since its location on Gibraltar the Lodge has worked in the Cloister Buildings, Irish Town, Tuckey’s Lane, Horse Barrack Lane, Parliament Lane, at Armstrong Buildings, at Prince of Wales Recreation Club, at Beanland and Malin, Main Street, and at the Assembly Rooms. The Lodge is still working as St. John’s Lodge, No. 115 ER and received its bicentenary Warrant in 1976 from United Grand Lodge. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, page 124, reads as follows: “St. John’s Lodge. Named in 1831. 2nd Battalion Royal Artillery, Perth, Perthshire, Scotland 1767 (G. L. Warrant) 5 Sept. 1767 No. 148 ER(A). 1814 No. 181 ER. Warrant of Confirmation 2 December 1826. 1832 No. 132 ER. 1864 No. 115 ER. Centenary Warrant, 6 Feb. 1874. In Royal Artillery, Gibraltar (Malaga) Spain 1773. (At) Tuckey’s Lane, Gibraltar 1878. At Horse Barracks Lane, Gibraltar 1881. Masonic Hall, Alameida, Gibraltar 1886.” Lane indicates that the Lodge was still working at the time of publication (1894). Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, notes on page 33 that the Lodge “. . . became stationary in Gibraltar after only six years and has long been known as St. John’s, now No. 115”.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895. (2) History of Freemasonry,

32 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 67 by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (4). web site at along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar. (4) Freemasonry in the Royal Artillery, by Bro. James W. Reddyhoff, AQC, Volume 116, 2003.]

REF: E139 Gibraltar Lodge, No. 209 ER(A), in the 4th Battalion of Royal Artillery, at Gibraltar 1779- 1801

Warrant No. 209 was originally issued on February 16, 1779, by the Antients Grand Lodge, to hold a Lodge in the 4th Battalion of the Royal Artillery, located at Gibraltar. There are no records regarding the Lodge after 1779. The Lodge was closed by 1801. The Lodge name “Gibraltar” was used by Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1887, page 401 and should be used with care as a number of Lodges located on “The Rock” were referred to as “Gibraltar Lodge”. This appellation is more an indication of the location of the Lodge rather than a formal name. Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, for example, was variously referred to as “Gibraltar Lodge” (1826-1844), “Rock Lodge” (1844-1863) and Calpe Lodge (from 1863 onwards, a name which has been officially recognized by the Grand Lodge of Ireland). Records indicate that the Antients Grand Lodge issued a new Warrant No. 209 in 1803 to hold a Lodge in the King’s Own Stafford (Militia) Regiment; being returned in 1814 following the unification of the Antients and Moderns Grand Lodges. This second reissue can be found in the entry for this Militia Lodge. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 for Warrant No. 209A ER(A), page 151, reads as follows: “4th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1779. (G. L. Warrant) 16 Feb. 1779 No. 209A. No records after 1779. Grand Lodge records indicate that in 1813 a new Warrant No. 209 was issued to a new civilian lodge, “Etonian Lodge of St. John,” at Windsor, Berkshire.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895. (2) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (4). web site at along with a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.]

REF: E140 Gibraltar Lodge No. 443 ER, in the 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery, at Gibraltar 1814-1827 REF: E140 Gibraltar Lodge No. 345 ER(A), in the 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery, at Gibraltar 1809-1814 REF: E140 Gibraltar Lodge No. 5, PRGibraltar(A), in the 4th Battalion, Royal Artillery, at Gibraltar 1805/6?-1821

Warrant No. 325 IC was issued on September 7, 1826 to Calpe Lodge, Gibraltar33 (the first civilian Irish Lodge at Gibraltar and which is still working). The Calpe Lodge History notes that “The Petitioners for the Warrant had specifically asked for a number with a five in it as they possessed a set of regalia carved with that number. This regalia may well have belonged to the Lodge No. 2 Company 4th Battalion Royal Artillery which had obtained a local Warrant No. 5 from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia some time after its arrival and had left Gibraltar in 1821.” During its sojourn in Gibraltar the Freemasons of the 4th Battalion Royal Artillery petitioned to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar for authority to form a Lodge. A local Warrant, No. 5, was issued in either 1805 or 1806 (although there is no conclusive evidence and Reddyhoff accepts a date of issue as late as 1808). The Lodge or the Provincial Grand Lodge (it is unclear which) appears to have forwarded papers to register the Lodge with London and Warrant No. 345 was issued on November 6, 1809 by the Antients Grand Lodge—as the RA Company and Lodge would have been in Canterbury by this time, the Lodge may have applied directly to London to replace its Gibraltar Warrant with a Grand Lodge Warrant). The authority in both cases was to hold a Lodge in the 4th Battalion, then at Gibraltar. The loss of whatever minutes, letters and documents of the Lodge prevents any knowledge of the Lodge’s activities while at Gibraltar. By 1810 the 4th Battalion had returned to England and was at Canterbury in 1810, and at Sandwich, Sandgate and Portsmouth in 1812 when it was assigned to Portugal. The Lodge appears to have met at these places. Reddyhoff notes that the only company of the 4th Battalion known to have followed those movements was that of Captain George Skyring, who had been promoted to command the company on the promotion of its previous Captain, H. Framingham, to Major. Captain Skyring’s Company was held in reserve (without guns) in the march from Lisbon to Salamanca (October 1808) and the retreat to Corunna (January 1809), from where it returned to Canterbury. In July 1811, Captain Skyring took command of Captain William Morrison’s company in the 8th Battalion RA and Captain Morrison took Skyring’s company (including the Lodge, apparently). Morrison’s company removed to Sandgate (July 1811 to February 1812), Portsmouth (March to September 1812) and Lisbon at the end of 1812. The company participated in Wellington’s advance across Spain, fought at Vittoria (June 1813) and San Sebastian (August 1813), where it received six new 18-pounder guns. It embarked from Bordeaux in July 1814 and returned to Dover. Following the unification of the Antients and Moderns Grand Lodges in 1813, the Lodge was issued with a new Warrant as No. 443 ER. It is not clear when the Lodge ceased working, but the Warrant was erased by United Grand Lodge in 1827. Reddyhoff notes that the memoirs of Benjamin Miller, a member of the company who was also a member of Lodge No. 345, have survived. He describes his entrance into Masonry: “In April 1798, I entered the Freemasons’ Society, and in June was raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason: in 1799 I was made Royal Arch Super-Excellent Mason. In 1804 I was initiated and dubbed a Knight of that Noble, Holy, Glorious, and Universal Order of Knight Templars, also the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Mark mason and Knight of Malta.” The memoirs do not make it clear in which Lodge he received all these degrees. A return of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar for December 1806 shows him as “Benjamin Miller, Soldier.” Reddyhoff notes that Miller was promoted to Bombardier on October 8, 1804, to Corporal on February 1, 1809 and Sergeant on October 1, 1811. When Warrant No. 345 was issued in 1809 he is shown as “First Junior Warden.” Miller had apparently been in a detachment of Captain Framingham’s company

33 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 70 Freemasonry in Gibraltar in Egypt in 1801 and returned to Gibraltar in 1802, remaining with company until his promotion to Sergeant when he was directed home to recruit men for the company. The Lodge name “Gibraltar” was used by Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1887, page 401 and should be used with care as a number of Lodges located on “The Rock” were referred to as “Gibraltar Lodge.” This appellation is more an indication of the location of the Lodge rather than a formal name. Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, for example, was variously referred to as “Gibraltar Lodge” (1826-1844), “Rock Lodge” (1844-1863) and Calpe Lodge (from 1863 onwards, a name which has been officially recognized by the Grand Lodge of Ireland). The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 for Warrant No. 345 ER(A), page 204, reads as follows: “No. 5 Gibraltar. Fourth Battalion, Royal Artillery, Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1809. (G. L. Warrant) 6 Nov. 1809 No. 345. 1814 No. 443 ER. At Canterbury, Kent 1810. At Sandwich, Kent 1812. At Sandgate, Kent, 1812. At King’s Head, St. Mary’s Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire 1812. Fourth Battalion, Royal Artillery, 1814. “No. 5 Gib. Sailed for Portugal 1812. G.L. Reg. Erased in 1827.”

REF: I131 Lodge No. 68 IC, in the 2nd Company, 7th Battalion, Royal Irish Artillery, various locations 1813-1834

R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that the first use of the number “68” for a Warrant by the Grand Lodge of Ireland was issued in either March or June 1737, for an unspecified Lodge. The Warrant was erased on November 5, 1801, but Cochrane notes that the Warrant came into the hands of Alexander Seton who attempted to reissue it improperly and the number was included in a Grand Lodge list of cancelled Warrants dated November 5, 1801. Although there is no information given, it would appear that Warrant No. 68 was, in fact, issued by Seton, but that it was cancelled by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 180734. A new Warrant No. 68 was issued on January 7, 1813, by the Grand Lodge of Ireland to hold a lodge in the 7th Battalion, Royal Irish Artillery. Both V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, and V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, in his paper Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, note that the Warrant was issued to Freemasons in the Seventh Battalion, Royal Artillery. In actuality the Warrant still exists in the archives of the Grand Lodge of Ireland and shows that it was issued to Robert Sharpe, Samuel McCracken and John Hopper, for the purposes of holding a Lodge in “the Seventh Battalion of the Royal Artillery Capt. Wilson’s Camp.” Cochrane notes that Grand Lodge records indicate that Lodge No. 68 IC was working in Island Bridge, Dublin, in 1816.

Seal of Lodge No. 68 IC in the 7th Battalion, RA

In the Calpe Lodge History (Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar)35, it is recorded that in 1825/26, Lodge No. 68 IC, along with Lodge No. 42 IC (held in the 42nd (Black Watch) Regiment of Foot) and Lodge No. 130 IC (held in the 1st Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment) sponsored the petition for a Warrant for Gibraltar Lodge36 (the first civilian and stationary Irish Lodge on Gibraltar, issued Warrant No. 325 IC, and

34 Although Crossle doesn’t speculate in his Records, it is probable that the first use of the number “68” for an Irish Warrant was in the period February 1736/7 to June 1737. Crossle lists No. 63 as being first issued on January 12, 1736/7 to hold a Lodge in the XXth Foot; No. 64 was issued February 1, 1736/7 for an unspecified Lodge; Nos. 65, 66, 67, 68 and 69 are blank; but No. 70 is listed as having been first issued on June 8, 1737 to hold a Lodge at Gort, Co. Galway. The loss of the Register predating 1760 prevents any firm knowledge of when these numbers were first used and where the Lodges were located.

35 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

36 The first contact with the Grand Lodge of Ireland recommending this civilian Lodge at Gibraltar was contained in a letter from Lodge No. 68 IC dated May 2, 1826 in which the Lodge recommended their civilian members “. . . to the Grand Lodge of Ireland for an Inhabitants Warrant . . .”. The actual name on the new Warrant was Gibraltar Lodge. The Establishment of Warrant Number 325 (I.C.) In Gibraltar, by W. Bro. Vincent James

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 72 Freemasonry in Gibraltar still working). The Calpe Lodge History notes that the particular Artillery Unit was the 2nd Company 7th Battalion of Royal Artillery, missing the correct title of Royal Irish Artillery. The first WM of Lodge No. 325 IC (the first civilian Irish Lodge on Gibraltar whose Warrant was issued on September 7, 1826) was W. Bro. Daniel Durham, who had been initiated into Lodge No. 309 IC in the 26th (The Cameronians) and had been released locally (i.e. at Gibraltar) from military service in about 1822. The SW (Bro. Isaac Thompson); JW (Bro. Alexander Imbrie); Secretary (Bro. John Pratt) and one Charter Member, Bro. Robert Moravia; were from Lodge No. 68 IC, held in the 2nd Company, 7th Battalion of Royal Irish Artillery and which was one of the sponsoring Lodges for No. 325. The SD (Bro. Charles Causton) and one other Charter Member, Bro. John Wheatley, were members of Lodge No. 130 IC in the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot. These members from the Royal Artillery had also been released from service on Gibraltar and their unit had left. In addition, the Treasurer (Bro. Francisco Semonetti); JD (Bro. Joseph Baggetto) and Tyler (Bro. Giacomo Celicia) and Charter Member W. Bro. Thomas Varnor; were members of Lodge No. 715 ER, in the Gibraltar Ordinance Department, which had surrendered its Warrant in 1826. Warrant No. 68 IC was returned to Grand Lodge in 1834 (and filed). This Warrant is not included in the listing on page 401 of Robert Freke Gould’s History of Freemasonry, 1887. Crossle also lists a third Warrant bearing the number “68”, issued in 1835 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland to hold a Lodge at Youghall, Co. Cork, no date is shown when it was struck off the rolls of Grand Lodge. Cochrane lists this issue on January 15, 1835 and notes that the Lodge is “Current” in 2001. In April 2002 the Grand Lodge of Ireland was contacted to determine whether Warrant No. 68 for the 7th Battalion, Royal Irish Artillery was held in the Archives. A copy has been graciously provided and a transcript appears on the following page.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (5) The Poor Common Soldier, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by Bro. John Heron Lepper, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (6) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London.]

Power, p. 32, as published in the Transactions 1996 - 1998 (Volume XXIV, 2000), The Lodge of Research, No. CC (I.C.), Ireland.

Transcript of Warrant No. 68 IC issued to the Seventh Battalion, RA

SEAL By the Right Worshipful and Right Honorable Richard, SEAL Earl of Donoughmore, Grand Master of all the Lodges SEAL of FREE MASONS in the Kingdom of IRELAND, the SEAL Right Worshipful and Honorable A. H. Hutchinson, SEAL Deputy Grand Master; Worshipful and Right Honorable SEAL John, Lord Baron Hutchinson, K. B. and Somerset, SEAL Earl of Belmore, Grand Wardens.

Donoughmore WHEREAS our Trusty and Well-beloved BROTHERS Robert Sharpe, Samuel Grand Master McCracken & John Hopper have besought Us, that We would be pleased to erect a LODGE of FREEMASONS in the Seventh Battalion of the Royal Artillery Capt. Wilson’s Company of such persons who by their knowledge and skill in MASONRY, may contribute to the well-being and advancement thereof. WE, therefore, duly weighing the premises, and having nothing more at heart than the prosperity and true advancement of MASONRY, and reposing special Trust and Confidence in our trusty and well-beloved Brothers, the said Robert Sharpe, Samuel McCracken & John Hopper of whose abilities and knowledge in Masonry we are satisfied: do by these Presents of Our certain knowledge and mere motion, nominate, create, authorize and constitute the said Robert Sharpe, Samuel McCracken & John Hopper to be Master and Wardens of a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, to be held by them and their Successors, lawfully admitted in said Lodge, for Ever. And, We hereby give and grant unto the said Robert Sharpe, Samuel McCracken & John Hopper and their Successors, full Power and lawful Authority from time to time, to proceed to election of a new Master and Wardens, to make such Laws, Rules and No. 68 Orders as they from time to time shall think proper and convenient for the well-being Revived and ordering of said Lodge; reserving to ourselves and our Successors, Grand Masters or Grand Wardens of IRELAND, the sole Right of deciding all differences which shall be brought by appeal before Us, and our Successors, Grand Masters or Grand Wardens of IRELAND.

In Witness whereof we have hereunto set our Hands and Seal of Office, This Seventh Day of January in the Year of our Lord God 1813 and in the Year of Masonry 5813

ENTERED BY ME,

William Graham GS

[Source: Grand Lodge of Ireland]

The copy measures about 12 inches square and has only a simple decorative border.

REF: E143 Gibraltar Lodge, No. 228 ER, in the 9th Battalion, Royal Artillery, at Gibraltar 1814-1822 REF: E143 Gibraltar Lodge, No. 187 ER(A), in the 9th Battalion, Royal Artillery, at Gibraltar 1812-1814

A new Warrant No. 18737 was issued (the Grand Lodge Register says “revived”) on May 25, 1812, by the Antients Grand Lodge, to hold a Lodge in the 9th Battalion of Royal Artillery, which was then serving in the Gibraltar Garrison. James W. Reddyhoff notes that there are references to the Lodge meeting at Canterbury and Sandgate in 1812 and Hythe in 1813. Following the unification of the Antients and Moderns Grand Lodges in 1813, new Warrants were issued in 1814, and the Lodge received No. 228 ER. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his 1984 listing of Military Warrants notes that no payments were made to United Grand Lodge after 1814. It is unclear when the Lodge ceased working, but the Warrant was erased in 1822. Although Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1887, shows only one Warrant, No. 187 ER(A) as being issued, he notes the Lodge existing throughout the 1812-1822 period. He shows the Lodge as “Gibraltar Lodge”, the name adopted here, although this may just have been to illustrate that the Lodge worked in Gibraltar. Two Warrants are referred to in the Appendix in Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms. A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, one having been issued by the Antients in 1812 and one by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1823. Irish records do not show any Irish Warrant being issued to the 9th Battalion. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 for Warrant No. 187B ER(A), page 140, reads as follows: “9th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1812. (G. L. Warrant) 25 May 1812 No. 187B. Revived at Gibraltar. G. L. Reg. 1814 No. 228 ER. At Canterbury, Kent 1812. At Sandgate, Kent 1812. At Hythe, Kent 1813. No payments after 1814. Erased in 1822.” Reddyhoff also notes that any connection of a Lodge in the 9th Battalion with Gibraltar is totally incorrect. No company of the 9th Battalion had been in Gibraltar since the Battalion had been formed at Woolwich on June 1, 1806. Only one company, that of Captain Alexander Munro, had been at both Canterbury and Sandgate in 1812 and it was there after returning from the Walcheren expedition in 1809. In June 1813 the company had removed to Shorncliffe and then to Portsmouth in March 1814 where it embarked on transports for New Orleans. Reddyhoff notes that Sandgate, Shorncliffe and Hythe are contiguous and the move to America in 1814 could explain why there were no further payments to Grand Lodge. As he says: “How Grand Lodge arrived at the Gibraltar connection is a mystery.”

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895. (2) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (4) Freemasonry in the Royal Artillery, by Bro. James W. Reddyhoff, AQC, Volume 116, 2003.]

37 The Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec issued Warrant No. 9 (local) to hold a Lodge in the 1st Battalion, Royal Artillery, when it was in the garrison at Quebec. The Battalion and its Lodge returned to England and applied to the Antients Grand Lodge which issued the first Warrant bearing the number “187" on April 28, 1774. The Warrant lapsed by 1777.

REF: E159 Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A), in HM Ordnance at Gibraltar 1777-1813?

The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar38 notes “In 1777 another Ancients Lodge was warranted as the Ordnance Lodge No. 202, Admission to which was restricted to officers and artificers in HM Ordnance establishment. When the original Lodge of Inhabitants lapsed in 180739, No. 202 took over the name of Inhabitants and still works with us as No. 153.” The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, page 148, reads: “Inhabitants’ Lodge. Named in 1804. In His Majesty’s Ordnance, in the Garrison of Gibraltar, (Malaga), Spain 1777. (G. L. Warrant) 18 Nov. 1777 No. 202. 1814 No. 251. 1832 No. 178. 1863 No. 153. A Stationary, and not a Military Lodge. G. L. Reg. Meeting at: Crown and Anchor, Gibraltar, 1815. Glyn’s Buildings, Gibraltar, 1860. Three Anchors Coffee House, Main Street, Gibraltar, 1863. 6 Engineers’ Lane, Gibraltar, 1866. Garrison Library, Gibraltar, 1869. 19 Bell Lane, Gibraltar, 1874. 32 Engineers’ Lane, Gibraltar, 1876. Masonic Hall, Armstrong Buildings, Gibraltar, 1877. Had a Warrant of Confirmation, 10 July 1877, the original warrant having been lost , but it has since been recovered. Centenary Warrant (Special Jewel) 1 Oct. 1862. Cancelled in 1877. Centenary Warrant 18 Nov. 1877.” In reporting the entry in the Grand Lodge Register, Lane is flagging that this was not an ambulatory military Lodge and allowing for the interpretation that it was a stationary Lodge for military personnel of the Ordnance Department on the Rock, a not insubstantial establishment.

38 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

39 John Lane lists this on page 128 as “Lodge of Inhabitants” which received Warrant No. 285 ER(M) dated July 12, 1762. It was subsequently renumbered as 231 in 1770, 185 in 1780, 186 in 1781 and 159 in 1792. Lane says “No payments after 1800. Erased in 1813.”

(g) Ambulatory (travelling) lodges in infantry regiments based at Gibraltar (Lodges are listed in order of the Regiment - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th)

REF: I1 Lodge No. 11 IC, 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot 1808-1847 REF: I1 Lodge No. 11 IC, 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot 1732-1801 (reactivated in 1808) [now The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment)]

V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that there is no record in the Register of the Grand Lodge of Ireland of the use of the number “11” for a Warrant prior to 1732, but Smith40, in his Pocket Companion, lists Warrant No. 11 as having been issued to Brethren a Bray, Co. Wicklow, prior to 1735. This information is also reflected in the CD-ROM Update of Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, by R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, issued in June 2000 and Fall 2001. A new Warrant No. 11 was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland and signed on November 7, 1732 (the first Travelling or Military Warrant ever issued by any Grand Lodge41) to “our Trusty and Well-beloved Brothers, Mr. James Murray, Mr. Patrick Howard and Mr. Patrick Reid42”, to be held in the “First Battalion Royal” (1st Regiment of Foot Guards, then serving in Ireland). The Warrant was signed by “the Right Worshipful, and Right Honourable Lord Viscount Nettirvill43, Grand Master of all the Lodges of Freemasons in the Kingdom of Ireland, the Right Honourable the Lord Viscount Kingsland44, Deputy Grand Master, the Worshipful James Brenan, M.D. and Robert Nugent, Esqrs; Grand Wardens”. V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, in his paper Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, notes that “Smith’s List, in his “Pocket Companion” of 1735 includes, as well as No. 11 in the Royal Scots, four other Military Warrants . . . .”, indicating that even at this date the Lodge was known45. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, indicates that the Warrant was originally issued without a number: the number “11” being later shown in the Register. The copy of the Warrant shows clearly the “No. 11” in the upper left hand corner and, given the vagaries of communications in those days, it is likely that the Warrant was printed as a “Blank” and the number written on it at the time it was signed, not afterwards, but this is not clear. During its first 50 years of existence the Regiment, and Lodge No. 11, saw much active service. The 1st Battalion (and the Lodge) were made prisoners of war at Alost in 1745, after an unsuccessful attempt to

40 The reference to Smith applies to William Smith, the compiler of the “Pocket Companion for Free- Masons” who published on an irregular basis. He is well known apparently for almost as much incorrect information regarding the Fraternity as there is that is correct.

41 The first Scottish travelling Warrant was issued in 1747 (to The Duke of Norfolk’s Lodge in the 12th Regiment of Foot) and the first “English” Warrant was issued in 1755.

42 Early Warrants named as grantees only the first WM and two Wardens. Today, in Ontario, the Warrant usually names all the Charter members of the Lodge. As Cochrane notes “(The Names) would lead us to assume one Scot and two Irish men, but it would be futile to speculate where any of them was made a Mason.”

43 According to Cochrane, Lord Nettirvill was the head of a “great Catholic house which has since become extinct”. The same update shows the spelling as “Netterfield” but as a copy of the original Warrant is included with the Notes on Lodge No. 11 IC the spelling was clearly “Nettirvill”.

44 It is interesting to note that on the Warrant itself (a copy of which is held by the author) the spelling “Kingsland” appears in the printed text and the affixed signature on the left margin is spelled as “Kinsland”. Lord Kingsland was the head of a “great Catholic house which has since become extinct”.

45 Parkinson refers only to two other Military Warrants: No. 23 in Colonel Hamilton’s Regiment (27th Foot) which was issued sometime in 1733; and No. 35 in Major-General Price’s Regiment (28th (Bragg’s) Foot) which was issued between April and November 1734.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 80 Freemasonry in Gibraltar relieve Ghent, and was carried off to France before being exchanged later in the same year. This gave the Lodge members an opportunity to visit with French Freemasons who were guarding them. This situation would be reversed in 1780 when the 1st Battalion was based in England and engaged in guarding French prisoners of war. Cochrane’s Update notes indicate that it was this contact with European Freemasons which brought it into contact with the Rite of Strict Observance and the early degrees of the Knights Templar. Irish records46 indicate that by 1797, although the Lodge possessed only the Warrant No. 11, it seems to have had a Royal Arch Chapter numbered as “No. 5” as well as an Encampment of Knights Templar and Knights of Malta. The Companions also appear to have worked the additional degrees of Harodim (or Heredom) and Sovereign Prince Mason (or Rose Croix). According to the History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925, a Certificate from Lodge No. 11, dated February 1, 1762, is the third oldest of known certificates issued to members of a Lodge and which refers to three degrees and which also uses the expression “. . . ye Sublime degree of a master mason . . .” (page 234). Other early certificates listed include those dated September 6, 1756 (Lodge House in Lodge Alley, Philadelphia, No. 2) and June 2, 1761 (Lodge No. 195 in the Royal Highland Regiment—the 42nd Foot, now part of The Black Watch). It is unclear whether Lodge No. 11 IC operated in Canada and America during the 1750’s and 1760’s when the 1st and 2nd Battalions were operating there and it is not referred to in documents of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec (Moderns), Provincial Grand Lodge of Lower Canada (Antients) or the Provincial Grand Lodge of Upper Canada (Antients). Lodge No. 11 IC was in Gibraltar with the 1st Battalion and, when trouble between Antients’ and Moderns’ Masons on Gibraltar became acute in 1772, were forced by circumstances to side with the Antients. On St. John’s Day, December 1772, the various Moderns’ Lodges wished to exclude Lodge No. 148 ER(A)47 from taking part in the customary procession, but Lodge No. 148 was supported by four Irish Lodges48 to attend the procession. The Irish Lodges wrote in May 1773 to the Grand Lodge of Ireland justifying their action, and, apparently, received a reply endorsing it. The Regiment was assigned to Jamaica by 1790, and took the Lodge along with it. The brethren in the Royal Train of Artillery, located at Port Royal, Jamaica, received help from Lodge No. 11 IC. Members of the Royal Train of Artillery were initiated into Lodge No. 11 IC, which then supported their Petition for a Warrant. Warrant No. 262 was issued on August 28, 1790, by the Antients Grand Lodge to hold a Lodge in the Royal Train of Artillery, in garrison at Port Royal, Jamaica. Lodge No. 11 IC, was given authority to open a Grand Lodge49 and install the Master and Wardens of the new Lodge, which was done on May 24, 1791, at Port Royal. [Lodge No. 262 ER(A) ceased working in 1810.] On March 7, 1793, six Lodges met in Jamaica to form a Grand Lodge for the purpose of forming civilian Lodge No. 257 ER(A) and installing the Master and Wardens. The six Lodges were: Royal Artillery Lodge, No. 262 ER(A); Lodge No. 11 IC; Lodge No. 299 IC, in the 10th Regiment of Foot; Lodges No. 637 IC, and 661 IC, both of which were held in the 13th Regiment of Foot; and Lodge No. 3, PRJamaica (Scottish). Sometime after this even the Regiment was assigned to the Mediterranean as Grand Lodge

46 Cochrane notes that the only evidence for these degrees are a few letters preserved in the Grand Lodge of Ireland which refer to their being worked in Lodge No. 11.

47 This is now St. John’s Lodge, No. 115 ER.

48 These were: Lodge No. 11 IC, in the 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot; No. 244 IC, in the 2nd (Queen’s Royal) Regiment of Foot; No. 290 IC, in the 39th Regiment of Foot; and No. 466 IC, in the 58th Regiment of Foot.

49 The Installing Officers of Lodge No. 11 IC were: W. Bro. William Richards; Bro. Alex. Tullough; Bro. Alex. McGregor and Bro. Alex Rea, all of whom were noted as being Master Masons and Past Masters of Lodge No. 11 IC.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 81 records indicate that the Lodge fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 179350. While serving again in the Caribbean from 1803 to 1808, the 1st Battalion was decimated and the membership of the Lodge was reduced to one member. As new replacements for the Regiment were assigned, those who were Masons were recruited by the Lodge and, in 1808, when there were 40 working members, the Lodge was reactivated. The 1st Battalion, accompanied by its Lodge, was assigned to garrison duty in Quebec City and was serving there from 180851 onwards when The Royal Thistle Lodge, No. 222 SC was Warranted by the Grand Lodge of Scotland to be held in the 4th Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, which had also been assigned to Quebec City, in 1815. During the period that Lodge No. 11 IC met in North America (i.e. until about 1817/20), it worked the Royal Arch, Knight Templar and Knight of Malta degrees under the authority of its Lodge Warrant (see Certificates on pages 34 and 35). On February 27, 1836, the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Ireland, granted Warrant No. 11 to nine Royal Arch Companions to hold a “Royal Arch Chapter to be attached to Lodge No. 11 in the 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Foot”. Copies of a Royal Arch Certificate dated January 1819 and a Knight Templar Certificate dated June 8, 1819 are included on the following pages. When the 1st Battalion was assigned to Gibraltar in 1839 both Lodge No. 11 and Chapter No. 11 were unable to continue working and the Warrants was returned to a few surviving members of its Depot Companies at Templemore, Ireland. The Lodge and the Chapter were built up again and remained with the Depot Companies and never again joined the 1st Battalion abroad. Irish Grand Lodge records note: “Warrant given up April 1847 by order of Col. Maunsell52” following passage in the British Parliament of the Unlawful Societies Act which prohibited so-called “secret societies”, including Freemasonry53. By the time of its demise the Chapter had about 20 members in total. Although the Chapter Warrant was given up, it was not struck off the rolls until May 19, 1858. Cochrane notes that at the time of closure of the Lodge, 352 Brethren had been admitted into it. Although at first maintained almost exclusively by the NCO’s of the Regiment, by the close of the 18th Century it had a fair proportion of officers. It was also, over time, not reserved exclusively for brethren within the Regiment and the membership lists include officers and other ranks of other regiments, as well as civilians. As the Lodge was likely to move and leave behind the members who did not belong to the 1st Foot, the Certificate “system” was established to provide “bona fides” for them. These certificates were normally issued by the Lodge itself, not the Grand Lodge, due to the problems of communications and a non-existent

50 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85 IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 IC (1791-1821). This situation parallelled the successful (second) attack on Louisbourg (on Cape Breton Island, off Nova Scotia) in June/July 1758 and that on Quebec in September 1759.

51 Cochrane says “In 1814 the 1st and 4th Battalions . . . were stationed at Quebec . . . .” but Regimental records indicate the 1st Battalion was there as early as 1808.

52 Colonel Robert Christopher Maunsell (or Mansell), K. H. as District Quarter Master General in Limerick.

53 From 1793-8 Ireland had been disturbed with the growth of so-called “secret societies” and the “insurrection” was put down in 1798 within a few weeks of its breaking out. An Act of Parliament of July 12, 1799 was passed “For the more effectual suppression of societies established for seditious and treasonable purposes, and for preventing treasonable and seditious practices.” Thus all societies whose members were required to take an oath not authorised by law, were suppressed. Societies “held under the Denomination of Lodges of Freemasons” were expressly exempted from the Act. By 1842 the agitation for Home Rule for Ireland led to further attempts at armed rebellion and the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland called upon the military for the rigorous enforcement of the 1799 Act without regard to the exemption previously applied. The Commander-in-Chief in Ireland, Lieutenant-General Sir Edward Blakeney was ordered to take action and instructed his subordinates accordingly, including Colonel Robert Christopher Maunsell.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 82 Freemasonry in Gibraltar postal service. Bro. John Bowers (PM, Lodge No. 571 IC), commenting on Bro. John Heron Lepper’s paper The Poor Common Soldier, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925 makes the following comment on Col. Maunsell’s actions. “I once talked to a man who served under Col. Maunsell; from him I learnt that John Maunsell forced the Lodge of “Holy St. John” No. 11 IC, to give up their Warrant, because of pressure from General Blakeney. General Blakeney was at one time Colonel of the Royal Regiment of Foot, but at which period, before 1847 or after, I cannot at this moment say. Blakeney’s picture hangs in the Officer’s Mess of the 2nd Bn. at Colchester. He was a member of the Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, but I am unable to say if he was a Freemason”. Crossle notes that the name of the Lodge was “Holy St. John” although he does not indicate when this name was adopted and it is not mentioned on the Warrant. He also notes that the Warrant was returned to Grand Lodge in 1813, although this does not agree with other evidence. V. W. Bro. Crossle notes that the Warrant (or perhaps the number “11” only) was used for the issue of a Warrant to hold a Lodge at Bray, Co. Wicklow, although no date of (re)issue or surrender is mentioned. Crossle notes that the number 11 was used for a new Warrant issued on March 13, 1863, to hold a Lodge at Bray, Co. Wicklow. This Lodge was removed to 9 Castle Street, Dublin in 1988 and was still working as of 1995 and had thirty-three subscribing members and three honorary members. In Cochrane’s Update the Lodge is shown as “Current” as of 2000. A copy of Warrant No. 11 IC issued to the 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Foot, is included on the following page. As this copy of the Warrant was obtained from existing research material a photocopy was not requested from the Grand Lodge of Ireland although the original should be there, having been surrendered to Grand Lodge.

Warrant No. 11 IC, in the “First Battalion Royal”, November 7, 1732

[Source: Grand Lodge of Ireland.]

Royal Arch Certificate issued by RAM Chapter held under authority of Warrant No. 11 I.C.

[Source: W. Bro. Ray Sheppard.]

Royal Arch Certificate issued by RAM Chapter held under authority of Warrant No. 11 I.C.

[Source: W. Bro. Ray Sheppard.]

REF: E7 Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 316 ER, in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1863-1949 REF: E7 Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 396 ER, in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1832-1863 REF: E7 Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. VII, PRCoromandel/Madras, in the Second Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1820-???? REF: E7 Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 593 ER, in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1813-1832 REF: E7 Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 574 ER(M), in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1808-1814 REF: E7 Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 574 ER(M), in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1798-1804 REF: E7 Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. IX, PRCoromandel, in the Second Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards 1798-1820 REF: I2 Lodge, No. 74 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, various locations 1759-1817 REF: I2 Lodge, No. 74 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, Albany 1760-1765 (civilian Lodge) REF: I2 Lodge, No. 74 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, Albany 1758-1759 (military Lodge) REF: I2 Lodge, No. 74 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, various locations 1737-1758 [now The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment)]

Warrant No. 74 was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on October 26, 1737, to hold a Lodge in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards. This Warrant was signed by Marcus, Viscount (afterwards Earl) Tyrone, Grand Master, and the first officers of the Lodge were James Nelson, Master; Thomas Brew, SW; and Thomas Swingler, JW. According to Reginald V. Harris, the records of Grand Lodge show no further registrations until 1783. The 2nd Battalion, accompanied by its Lodge, fought in the siege at Louisbourg in 1758. At the siege there were six other regiments with Lodges attached to them: 15th Foot with Lodge No. 245 IC (1754-1801); 17th Foot with Lodge No. 136 IC (1748-1801); 28th Foot with Lodge No. 35 (1734-1801); 35th Foot with Lodge No. 205 IC (1749-1790); 47th Foot with Lodge No. 192 IC (1748-1823); and the 48th Foot with Lodge No. 218 IC (1750-1858). In August 1758 the 2nd Battalion and its Lodge was moved to Albany, New York where it remained for one year. During this year the Lodge established a Masonic Library (the first known instance of an Army Lodge forming a “Study Circle”54) and also initiated some local civilians. When the 2nd Battalion was assigned to the attack on Montreal in September 1760 (and was present at the capitulation of that city) an endorsed copy of the Lodge Warrant55 dated April 11, 1759 was left behind and which certified that Bros. Richard Cartwright, Henry Bostwick (or Bestwick) and William Ferguson, civilian members living in Albany, “. . . had been installed as Assistant Master and Wardens of our Lodge allowing them to set [sic] and act during our absence, or until they, by our assistance can procure a separate Warrant for themselves from the

54 According to R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his article Irish Warrants in Scottish Regiments, in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, notes that “some of the volumes . . . are preserved in the library of the Albany Female Academy”.

55 Harris notes that the Warrant was endorsed by John Stedman, Secretary; Anias Sutherland, Master; Charles Calder, SW; and Thomas Parker, JW.

Grand Lodge in Ireland” [quote by Reginald V. Harris from History of Freemasonry in New York by Ossian lang, p. 41 and McClenachan, Vol 1, p. 153 and R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane’s CD-ROM Update (Fall 2003) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, manuscript published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1973]. The Lodge at Albany never did request a Warrant from Ireland and continued working as No. 74 IC until February 21, 1765, when it was granted a Charter as “Union Lodge No. 1 (Colonial) by George Harison (who had been appointed the Provincial Grand Master of New York in 175356). The Charter was confirmed by Sir John Johnson on July 30, 1773. After a lengthy period of isolated existence following the Revolution, Union Lodge surrendered its colonial Warrant which has on it the statement “I was the last Master of this Lodge. C. C. Yates.” This civilian Lodge received a Warrant from the Grand Lodge of the State of New York, on January 6, 1807, as Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 3 PRNY, Albany after having (re)-elected C. C. Yates as its first Master on December 16, 1806. Mount Vernon Lodge, No. 3, continues to operate under this name and number. One of the most distinguished members of Union Lodge, No. 1 was Morgan Lewis57 After leaving Albany the 2nd Battalion took part in the siege of Ticonderoga in July 1759 and formed part of the garrison at Crown Point from August to November 1759. While the 2nd Battalion was at Crown Point, Abraham Savage, who had been authorised in 1758 by Jeremy Gridley, the Provincial Grand Master of North America, to “congregate all Free and Accepted Masons, in the Expedition against Canada into one or more Lodges”, admitted into Masonry at Crown Point “twelve officers of the First Foot in the Lodge he had established there, and of which he was then the Master”. Records of the day were either not written or written and later destroyed in the fighting and the uncertain lifestyle of the period. It does not appear at all irregular that Savage would form a Lodge and initiate members of the 2nd Battalion even while their own Lodge, No. 74 IC, was in existence. The 2nd Battalion was one of the units involved in the attack and capture of Montreal in September 1760 and remained there for almost two years. There is no evidence that Lodge No. 74 IC worked in the city and certainly does not appear in any surviving records of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec which had been formed on November 28, 1759. In spite of the lack of evidence it is probable that the Lodge did, in fact, meet although given the wartime situation, it was not likely on a regular basis. Cochrane notes that a Duplicate Warrant was issued to the Lodge in 1783 (Source: GL Letter Book, 1875, p. 705) and that the Lodge was noted as meeting at Gibraltar as early as 1790 and that it was the senior of eleven Military Lodges working there. He also says that the 2nd Battalion served in the 1794 campaign which captured Corsica and that every one of the Regiments involved in the campaign held, in one battalion or another, had an Irish Lodge attached to it: 1/First with Lodge No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 2/First with Lodge No. 74 IC (1737-1807); 11th Foot with Lodge No. 604 (1782-1815); 25th Foot with Lodge No. 92 IC (1749-01815); 30th Foot with Lodge No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Foot with Lodge No. 113 IC (1763- 1815); 51st Foot with Lodge No. 94 IC (1763-1815) and Lodge No. 690 IC (1788-1801); and the 69th Foot with Lodge No. 174 IC (1791-1821). Between 1796 and 1802, the 2nd Battalion of the 1st Foot was on more or less continuous service in Elba, Gibraltar, Portugal, Ireland, England, Holland, Spain, Malta, Asia Minor and Egypt and often not “at home” at any one time for longer than 5 months and on a foreign station for no longer than 9 months—and it is not surprising that reports to Grand Lodge were infrequently (if ever) written and sent to Ireland. Reginald V. Harris notes that “the original warrant is now in the Archives of the Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia” after having been supposedly cancelled in 1801 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, although it is not

56 The appointment was made by the Grand Lodge of England - also called the Moderns.

57 Morgan Lewis was the son of Francis Lewis, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Morgan was Initiated in Union Lodge No. 1 (Colonial) in 1776. He was Colonel and Chief of Staff to General Horatio Gates, Commander of the Army in Canada, and later appointed as Quarter-Master-General for the Northern Department. He escorted George Washington on his inauguration as President of the United States and became Governor and State Senator of New York. He retired from the Army with the rank of Major-General. In 1830, 76 year-old Morgan Lewis was elected Grand Master of Masons in New York. He died in 1844.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 88 Freemasonry in Gibraltar clear if the copy in Nova Scotia is the actual original Warrant No. 74 IC. Cochrane’s Update notes that the entry, which was made in Volume I of the Irish Grand Lodge Register as “Cancelled by order of Grand Lodge, July 1801” was made in error and never corrected in that Volume. The Grand Secretary presented to Grand Lodge a list of Lodges in arrears on August 7, 1817, which included “No. 74 - 2nd Battn. Royals” and this seems to indicate that the Lodge and Warrant had not been really cancelled in 1801. If it had been cancelled it would hardly have been reported 16 years later as being in arrears! Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1887, indicates that the Warrant of No. 74 IC, was confirmed by Grand Lodge in 1767 (an incorrect date for both the military lodge or the civilian one) and a position not apparently reflected by Grand Lodge records. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, notes that “In 1798 it (the 2nd Battalion’s Lodge) seems to have left its perfectly good Irish warrant somewhere in Europe and, arriving in Madras, sought an English one from the Provincial Grand Master of the Coast of Coromandel”. Cochrane notes that the members of Lodge No. 74 IC likely worked the “higher” degrees of Royal Arch, Knights Templar, Harodim (or Heredom) and Sovereign Prince Mason (or Rose Croix) under the authority of the Lodge Warrant although this is not conclusively proven because of the lack of Lodge records and documents. Certainly the Lodge applied in 1833 to Grand Lodge for authority to work the Royal Arch degree and were required to apply for a separate Warrant which they did. A Warrant to form a Royal Arch Chapter, dated August 6, 1834, and issued by the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of England, was received and continued in active work until 1868 when it was forced to close due to the death of so many of its members. The Warrant was not struck off the English rolls until 1892. Crossle says that the date of 1737 may be problematic for the first issue of Warrant No. 74 as “. . . . the Pocket Companion shows only 37 Lodges as existing in 1735.” He also indicates that the Warrant may have been surrendered in “1801 or 1817 or 1838” and that in 1848 either the Warrant or the number “74” was (re)issued for a Lodge in Down. It is more likely that the number was reused if the original Warrant No. 74 IC rests in the archives in Halifax as reported by Harris. Crossle also notes a reference to T. R. Henderson’s Freemasonry in the Royal Scots (no publisher or date of publication is quoted). Cochrane’s Update notes at one point that “No. 74” is “in a list of erased lodges, 1801” and also that it “Became No. IX, Coast of Coromandel: 574, E.C. 1 September 1808.” John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894 notes that Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord, No. 9, Coast of Coromandel and No. 574A58 ER(M), whose Warrant was issued in 1798 from Madras when the Regiment was in Wallajahbad (Chingleput), was suspended for unmasonic conduct in 1804. He gives no indication of the actual reasons, nor the length of the suspension. His next entry is No. IX Coromandel in 1808. The Lodge claimed to have lost its Warrant in 1807 at Hilsea Barracks, Portsmouth owing to “the sudden order the Regiment got to quit England” (perhaps this is the copy which survives in Nova Scotia). Immediately boarding transports which left harbour on April 18, 1807, the Regiment arrived at Prince of Wales’s Island, Penang in September 1807; sailed in October and arrived at Madras in December and was sent onwards to Wallahjabad, which they reached on December 24, 1807. Cochrane notes that “No trace of the Warrant has since been discovered.” Thus the Lodge arrived in a strange country to which no Lodge attached to the 1st Foot had served before, but this in no way held them back. In early 1808 the Lodge members met and applied to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Coromandel which recorded the request as being made by “Master Masons, privates in His Majesty’s Regiment of Royals at Wallahjabad”. Lt. Col. A. Stuart (who commanded the Battalion from 1802 to 1811) and Lt. Col. H. Conran (who would commend the Battalion from 1811 to 1812), both Master Masons, approved of the Petition. Part of the letter, dated March 31, 1808 and signed by Captain G. Parsons says: “. . . there is a Warrant in the Battalion, but it was unfortunately left in Europe owing to the sudden order the Regiment got to quit that quarter of the globe.”

58 This is another use of a suffix “A” added by Lane to the actual Warrant number to show that the same Warrant continued unabated for “two Lodges”.

As a consequence the Provincial Grand Lodge of Coromandel issued Warrant No. IX (Local) for Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge in 1808 and registered the Lodge with London, receiving Warrant No. 57459 ER(M) - the Warrant being granted as a moveable or ambulatory one. Although precise and clear proof is lacking the Grand Lodge of Ireland recognizes No. IX Coromandel as the successor Warrant to No. 74 IC, although United Grand Lodge does not accept the linkage directly. As the two commanding officers in the period 1802-12 were members of Lodge No. 74 IC, and as they approved the request for a Warrant from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Coromandel, this would seem to be the best proof that No. 74 IC and No. IX Coromandel were issued to the same Lodge. Thus it is that these Warrants are shown as being issued for the same Lodge. Shortly after the issue of the Moderns Warrant, the Lodge was suspended for unspecified unmasonic conduct. In 1808 the original suspended Warrant No. 574 ER(M), was reinstated. [Note: it is possible that Warrant No. IX (Coromandel) was suspended as early as 1804 because it was reissued in 1805 for Lodge of Philanthropists in the 94th Regiment of Foot (The Connaught Rangers) and as already noted, record keeping amongst the Grand Lodges was oftentimes incorrect.] In 1809 the 33rd Regiment of Foot, then at Hyderabad, was put on notice for posting back to England. A number of its officers and men agreed to remain behind and volunteered for other duties. Members of Lodge Unity and Friendship, No. VII, PRMadras and No. 90 ER(A) in the 33rd Foot, realizing that the local Warrant would no longer be valid a authority once the Regiment and Lodge had left India, wrote to the Antients Grand Lodge on June 12, 1809, advising of their original loss of Warrant No. 90 ER(A) in Europe in 1793 [Note: the Lodge had already written on this matter on January 20, 1798 and had not received Grand Lodge’s reply, nor the Renewal Warrant], working under authority of local Warrant No. VII while in India, again requested a Replacement Warrant for No. 90 ER(A). The 33rd Foot was not shipped out immediately and in December 1809 the Lodge members agreed that the Lodge Room would be transferred to Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. IX, PRMadras in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot Guards. Minutes of Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord dated April 7, 1812 note: “Walked in procession from Brother Brodie’s house to new Lodge rooms, accompanied by Band & Drums of the Corps. The Worshipful Master (Brother Hugh Brodie) read the Undermentioned PETITIONS from the Brethren who Volunteered from the 33rd Regiment to our Corps. Bro. Benn. Bell60 (No. 7 Local), Bro. Benny Hulmes (No. 7 Local), Bro. Charles O’Haram (No. 7 Local), Bro. John Broadbent61 (No. 7 Local), Bro. William Copwell (No. 7 Local), Bro. Hugh Clarke (No. 7 Local) and Bro. William Fenton (No. 213 SC62).” With the Union of the Ancients’ and Moderns’ Grand Lodges, new Warrants were issued and Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord became No. 593 on December 27, 1813 (see Transcript of 1910) at which time it was also working under No. VII Coromandel/Madras. During the subsequent renumbering of Lodges in 1832 and 1863, it became No. 396 (when the Lodge was based, with the Battalion, in Athlone, Ireland). During its 23 years in India the Lodge applied for, and received Warrants to work the Royal Arch and Knight Templar degrees. When leaving Madras, in 1831, these Warrants were surrendered to the Provincial Grand Master of Madras. On the Battalion’s arrival in Glasgow in 1832, the Lodge immediately wrote to United Grand Lodge requesting a Warrant and after some correspondence a Warrant of Confirmation of No. 396

59 Again, Lane notes the Warrant as “574B” although it was the same Warrant as had been issued almost ten years earlier.

60 Bro. Bell took the J. W.’s chair at once, was elected S. W. in December 1812, and became W. M. in 1817.

61 Bro. Broadbent was WM in 1819 and JW in 1821.

62 This would be Orange Lodge, No. 213 SC, held in the fourth 51st Regiment of Foot, raised in 1755/56 as Napier’s Yorkshire Regiment and now part of The Light Infantry Regiment, The Light Division. The 51st had been assigned to India and Ceylon in the period 1798-1807 when it was reassigned to the troops fighting in the Peninsula campaign. Presumably Bro. William Fenton had transferred to the 1st when the 51st left India.

ER, dated August 2, 1833, was issued to the Lodge. The 1st Regiment was subsequently assigned to the garrison at Montreal. Returns from Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord, No. 396 ER, at Montreal indicate that on July 4, 1839, Bombadiers William Shepherd63 and Lewis Short, and Sergeant Bartholemew H. Shehan, were initiated into the Lodge. All three were passed on August 1, 1839 and raised on September 5, 1839. Shepherd would subsequently follow a long masonic career during which he would meet Brother George Morgan64 (both of them later affiliating with Lodge No. 262 ER, in the 85th Regiment of Foot), and Brother William Watson65 (already a member of Lodge No. 262 ER). These three masons would form the nucleus of the membership of The Social Friendship Lodge, No. 729 ER, in the 89th Regiment. In 1846/47 some of the members of this Lodge, living in Montreal, signed as Petitioners to the Grand Lodge of Scotland for a Warrant for Elgin Lodge, No. 348 SC, Montreal. General John Corson Smith, an honorary member of the Lodge, served with Federal Forces during the American Civil War, in charge of a camp of Confederate prisoners. Gould lists Warrant No. 396 ER, in his listing entitled “Existing British Field Lodges, 1886”, showing that the Lodge was working at that time. With the renumbering of Lodges in 1863 by United Grand Lodge, Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge received a new Warrant as No. 316 ER. [Note: Warrant No. 396 ER was reissued in 1863 to hold Royal Standard Lodge in the Royal Artillery at Halifax.] On November 4, 1910 the Lodge was authorized to adopt a Centennial Warrant. This interesting

63 W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his publication “My Hero”, Segt.-Major William Shepherd, September 1992, notes that William Shepherd was born at Woolwich on September 22, 1819 where his father, William (a member of the Royal Artillery), had returned after the end of fighting in the Peninsula in 1814. The son, William, joined the Royal Horse Artillery on July 18, 1833, and was posted on March 1, 1835, as a gunner in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery. He was promoted to Bombardier on April 5, 1837. On April 27, 1838, Bombardier William Shepherd sailed to Canada with his Battalion. He spent over 14 years in Montreal and two years in Kingston, and was successively promoted to Corporal (October 5, 1842), Sergeant (April 1, 1846), Colour Sergeant (March 16, 1849), and Staff/Sergeant Major (September 22, 1855). He left for England on October 1, 1854 and provided training for artillery personnel during the expansion to fight the Crimean War. He was retired on September 21, 1858 after 21 years’ service, in possession of four good conduct badges and a Long Service medal. Immediately after leaving the Royal Artillery he was recruited as a 1st Class Pay-clerk in the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. He was promoted to Paymaster R. A. in May 1861 with a posting to Sheerness on the Isle of Sheppey (then a naval base with a dockyard, and a Royal Artillery garrison for defence). He was made Hon. Major on May 14, 1876 and went on half pay on March 13, 1878. He died at Cardiff on January 31, 1895, aged 75 years. His masonic career began in Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 296 ER, in the 1st Regiment of Foot, at Montreal, where he was initiated on July 4, 1839, passed on August 1, 1839 and raised on September 5, 1839. He was an affiliated member of Lodge No. 262 ER, in The King’s Shropshire Light Infantry (89th); a founder member of the Lodge of Social Friendship, No. 729 IC, in the 89th Foot and of Lodge of Integrity, No. 771 ER, in the 14th (The Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment of Foot. On May 10, 1847 he received the 1834 renewal Warrant and Lodge regalia of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, in the 46th Regiment which was without sufficient members to continue working. With the approval of the Grand Lodge of Ireland he assumed the Mastership and established a permanent semi-military Lodge which is still operating presently as Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRQ, Montreal. After returning to Woolwich in 1854 he affiliated with Union-Waterloo Lodge, No. 13 ER; and with his posting to Sheerness he joined Adam’s Lodge, No. 184 ER (originally No. 207 ER(A) from 1778 and presently No. 158 ER). In 1865 W. Bro. William Sheppard became a member and second Master of De Shurland Lodge, No. 1089 ER, Sheerness. In addition to his love of the Craft, W. Bro. Ray Shepherd notes that “it is known that he (W. Bro. William Shepherd) joined the Royal Arch, Mark, and I am sure the K. T. Degrees”.

64 George Morgan was born in Donaghmore, near Carrickmacross in County Monagan, Ireland, on December 3, 1812 and had also joined the Royal Artillery and was assigned to the 2nd Battalion. He was initiated into Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord, No. 396, ER, on April 4, 1839. George Morgan affiliated with Lodge No. 262, ER, in the 85th Regiment of Foot, on December 8, 1840, at the same time as William Shepherd.

65 William Watson was a Sergeant in the 89th Foot and had already become a member of Lodge No. 262, ER, in the Regiment, when it was working in Montreal.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 91 authority, measuring about 18 inches by 14 inches cannot be effectively copied due to its age and condition, but it is legible, and is transcribed below.

Warrant to Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord (1910) authorizing the wearing of a Centennial Jewel

Arthur GM SEAL To the Worshipful Master, Wardens, other Officers and Members SEAL of Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord, No. 316, 2nd Battalion, 1st Royal SEAL Scots Regiment, and all others whom it may concern. Greeting Whereas it appears by the Records of the Grand Lodge that in the year 1808 a Lodge was working in connection with the 1st. Royal Regiment (now the 2nd Battalion, 1st Royal Scots Regiment) which Lodge was that numbered 574, and named Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord on the Register of the Grand Lodge of England And Whereas in consequence of Union of the two Grand Lodges on the 27th day of December 1813 the said Lodge became No. 593 on the said Register - And Whereas in consequence of the general alterations in the numbers of Lodge in the years 1832 and 1863 the said Lodge became and now stands on the Register as No. 316 attached to the 2nd Battalion, 1st Royal Scots Regiment under ------the Title or Denomination of ------Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord And Whereas the Brethren composing the said Lodge are desirous now that it has completed the CENTENARY of its existence to be permitted to wear a Jewel commemorative of such event and have prayed our sanction for that purpose Now know Ye That we having taken the subject into our consideration have acceded to their request and in virtue of our prerogative Do hereby give and grant to all and each of the subscribing members of the said Lodge being Master Masons permission to wear in all our Masonic Meetings suspended to the left breast by a Sky Blue Ribbon not exceeding one inch and a half in breadth a JEWEL or MEDAL of the pattern or device that we have already approved as a CENTENARY JEWEL. But such Jewel is to worn66 only by those Brethren who are bona- fide subscribing Members of the said Lodge and for so long only as they shall pay their regular stipulated Subscription to the funds thereof and be duly returned as such to the Grand Lodge of England. Given at London the 4th Day of November A.L. 5910 A.D. 1910 By Command of the Most Worshipful Grand Master, His Royal Highness The Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, K.G., &cccc., & ., & ., & . E. Letchworth

[Source: W. Bro. Ray Sheppard.]

By 1919, when the Royal Scots returned to Scotland from Germany, there were only three members of the Lodge serving with the 2nd Battalion. A Brother John Bowers, who had been a member of the Lodge and had taken retirement, rallied together many of the members of the Lodge who had left the Regiment after the War, and brought it up to a high standard. The Regiment returned to Ireland and then back to England in 1922, but which time the membership had again fallen and Bro. Bowers again assisted in resuscitating the Lodge. The Regiment was then assigned to a variety of foreign postings - Egypt, northern China, Quetta and Lahore (in Pakistan). Although regular meetings had been held, difficulties mounted and the last minutes of the Lodge are dated November 27, 1935, from Lahore. On removing to Hong Kong in January 1938 the Warrant and Lodge regalia were left behind in the Masonic Hall in Lahore. In 1940 another member of the Lodge, Bro. A. N. Christie, a retired member of the Battalion and at that time a member of the Shanghai Police Force, made arrangements for the safekeeping of the Lodge property in Lahore and its

66 The word “be” is missing in the original document from the expression “. . . . to be worn . . .”.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 92 Freemasonry in Gibraltar eventual return to the Regimental Depot in Scotland on the cessation of hostilities. Because the 2nd Battalion had, by this time, been disbanded as a military unit, Bro. Christie was prevented from reactivating the Lodge under its original ambulatory Warrant and Warrant No. 316 ER, became one of the last two English Travelling Warrants to be surrendered in 1949 (the other was that of the Lodge of Social Friendship, No. 497 ER, issued to the Royal Irish Fusiliers). A new Warrant was issued on September 7, 1949, authorizing the Lodge to meet as a stationary Lodge in London, bearing the same name and number. This Lodge was associated with the London Section of The Royal Scots’ Regimental Association, so that all Royal Scots, past and present, residing in, or in reach of, the London area, might benefit from the Lodge’s existence. Thus Lodge of Unity Peace and Concord, No. 316 ER, London continues to flourish, perhaps its civilian highlight occurred in 1955 when the Lodge became a Patron of the Royal Masonic Hospital. An enquiry was made in 1998 to the Grand Lodge of Ireland requesting a copy of Warrant No. 74. Grand Lodge replied that “. . . No. 74 IC . . . appears in a list of erased Lodges produced by Grand Lodge in 1801, but the Lodge seems to have taken up Warrant No. 574, of the English Constitution, in 1808, also known as No. IX Coast of Coromandel, a local number. This information is also from Crossle’s list of Lodges. According to a letter in the Grand Lodge letter book for 1875 answering a query about Lodge 74, a duplicate warrant was issued in 1783, but there is no reference to where this information comes from. The earliest entries in the Grand Lodge Membership Registers for L. 74 date to 1783 but no mention is made of a duplicate warrant. It is possible that the lodge was revived at that time.” A request to the United Grand Lodge of England to obtain a copy of the English Warrants, as well as those of Coromandel, should the originals reside in the Archives has not received a reply to date. If copies can be obtained they will be added to this history. Crossle and Cochrane show that the number “74” was used by the Grand Lodge of Ireland three more times: for a Warrant dated June 24, 1817, issued to hold a Lodge in Whitehouse, Newtownabbey, Co. Antrim (in exchange for its higher numbered Warrant “1013”) and which was cancelled in 1838; for a Warrant dated November 11, 1844, to hold a Lodge at Holywood, Co. Down which was sent in to Grand Lodge in 1850, restored in 1855 and suspended in 1859; and then used for a fourth (and last) time for a Warrant, dated June 8, 1891, to hold Israel Lodge, Arthur Square, Belfast, which was returned to Grand Lodge in November 1988. John Lane in his Masonic Records 1717-1894, provides two entries on page 256 (one below the other) for the Lodge as follows. First: “Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord, No. 9, Coast of Coromandel. Madras (Chingleput), Madras, India. 1798. 1798 (G.L. Warrant) 574A. Suspended for unmasonic conduct, 1804.” His entry reads: “Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord. First Royal Regiment, Wallajahbad (Chingleput), Madras, India 1808. 1808 (G.L. Warrant) 574B. 1814 593. 1832 396. 1863 316. Warrant of Confirmation, 1833. Called “Royal Scots Regiment”, from 1871. At. Fort St. George, Madras (Chingleput), Madras, 1809. At Hyderabad (Hyderabad, Deccan), Madras, 1810. At Trichinopoly (Trichinopoly), Madras, 1812. At. Bangalore (Mysore Native State), Madras, 1814. At Secunderabad (Hyderabad, Deccan), Madras, 1814. At Hyderabad (Hyderabad, Deccan), Madras, 1817. At Arcot (North Arcot), Madras, 1819. At Wallajahbad (Chingleput), Madras, 1819. Left Madras District about 1824. At Island of Malta, 1855. At Ootacamund (Coimbatore), Madras, 1893. At Wellington (Neilgherry Hills), Madras, 1893.”

A Bicentennial History 1781-1981, by Herbert Singer and Ossian Lang, The Grand Lodge F. & A. M. of the State of New York, 1981. (9) “My Hero”, Segt.-Major William Shepherd, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, September 1992. (10) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895. (11) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 3rd Foot.]

REF: I4 Lodge, unknown number, PRMadras(Antients), in the 2nd (Queen’s Royal) Regiment of Foot 1779-???? REF: I4 Lodge No. 244 IC, in the 2nd (Queen’s Royal) Regiment of Foot 1754-1825 [now The Queen’s Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 244 on April 5, 1754, to hold a Lodge in the 2nd (Queen’s Own) Regiment of Foot. It is not clear where and when the Lodge worked during the period that the Regiment was in England, the Isle of Man, or the American colonies. Between 1757 and April 25, 1799, 69 members were registered with the Grand Lodge of Ireland. Lodge No. 244 IC was in Gibraltar with the Regiment and, when trouble between Antients’ and Moderns’ Masons on Gibraltar became acute in 1772, were forced by circumstances to side with the Antients. On St. John’s Day, December 1772, the various Moderns’ Lodges wished to exclude Perth Lodge No. 148 ER(A) in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery67, from taking part in the customary procession, but No. 148 was supported by four Irish Lodges68 to attend the procession. The Irish Lodges wrote in May 1773 to the Grand Lodge of Ireland justifying their action, and, apparently, received a reply endorsing it. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that Lodge 244 IC appears in the Grand Lodge Register and is marked “in Gibraltar” as of November 21, 1772. Lodge No. 244 IC appears to have applied to the Antients’ Provincial Grand Lodge of Madras in 1779, and there are indications that it was recognized by this body although no known Provincial Warrant appears to have been issued. This is an area which is most unclear both from Grand Lodge documents and also the work of Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At- Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his 1984 listing of Lodges and Warrants notes that Lodge No. 244 IC may have held an unnumbered Warrant issued by the “Athol” Provincial Grand Committee of Madras on April 17, 1799. Given the usual action by military Lodges to join local Provincial Grand Lodges (regardless whether they were ‘Antient’ or ‘Modern’) this unnumbered Madras (local) Warrant is listed as being held by Lodge No. 244 IC. John Lane, in his Masonic records 1717- 1894 provides no assistance in the matter. His entry (p. 466) reads: “First Battalion, Second Regiment, Madras, Madras. 17 April 1779. Athol Prov. G. Committee.” By 1789, the members of the Lodge once again got into trouble with local masonic authorities (in the form of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia - also known as Gibraltar (Antients)), and the minutes of the Grand Lodge of Ireland note “Read a letter from Bro. John Ross Prov. G. M. of Andalusia stating the ill conduct of sundry Brethren of No. 244 and the consequent Censure laid on them by the G. L. there held. Ordered the thanks of this Lodge to Bro. Ross for his care & attention to the Ancient Craft”. The History of Freemasonry on Gibraltar69 notes that Bro. Ross was an Irish Mason who was “the first PG Master of Andalucia under the Ancient Warrant. During 1794 the Lodge was probably not working as the Regiment was serving as Marines with Lord Howe’s fleet and were present when Howe won his famous victory over the French at Brest and which is referred to in various histories as “The Glorious First of June”. Grand Lodge records indicate that a duplicate Warrant was issued on July 6, 1809, to Edw.

67 Now St. John’s Lodge, No. 115 ER, Gibraltar and still working.

68 These were: Lodge No. 11 IC, in the 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot; No. 244 IC, in the 2nd (Queen’s Royal) Regiment of Foot; No. 290 IC, in the 39th Regiment of Foot; and No. 466 IC, in the 58th Regiment of Foot.

69 Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar website .

Redmond, Thos. Lister and John Close, the “original being destroyed at sea by the enemy70”. Grand Lodge minutes of December 6, 1810, contain a listing of 32 Prisoners-of-War, held in France, including some from Lodge No. 244 (source: History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, 1925, p. 302). Warrant No. 244 was returned to the Grand Lodge of Ireland on February 23, 1825, “the Regt. going to India, the Lodge was broke up”. A total of 158 Brethren had been registered with Grand Lodge according to Cochrane’s notes. There is no indication when the Madras Warrant (if one had been issued) was surrendered or erased. Both Crossle and Cochrane note that the number “244” was also issued on a Warrant dated May 10, 1832, to hold a Lodge in the 52nd (Oxfordshire Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot, being surrendered to Grand Lodge on March 3, 1845. The number “244” was again used on a Warrant dated August 9, 1872, for Headfort Lodge in Kells, Co. Meath. This Lodge was removed to Oldcastle, Co. Meath on November 21, 1962 and to Trim, Co. Meath on November 17, 1965. It is shown as “Current”. An enquiry to the Grand Lodge of Ireland as to the current disposition of Warrant No. 244 IC elicited the following reply (December 2, 1998): “According to Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, (Dublin 1973), the original warrant No. 244, issued to the 2nd Foot in 1754 was “destroyed at sea by the Enemy” and a duplicate warrant was issued on the 6th July 1809. The earliest surviving warrant with the number 244 is the one issued in 1832 to the 52nd Foot, which was sent in in 1845.” A copy of this issue is included in the notes on the 52nd Regiment of Foot.

70 Bro. Frederick Smyth that the loss occurred when the transport sank off the Dutch coast in 1809.

REF: I5 Lodge No. 390 IC, in the 2nd (Queen’s Royal) Regiment of Foot 1762-1815 [now The Queen’s Royal Regiment (West Surrey)]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 390 on December 2, 1762 to seventeen brethren in the 2nd (Queen’s Own) Regiment of Foot. Sergeant John Juell was listed in the Grand Lodge Register as Master and Sergeants John Maxwell and Chris Daniell as Wardens. There are no reports or notes regarding the Lodge in the records of Grand Lodge after 1762. A further five brethren - four Sergeants and one Corporal - are listed in the Grand Lodge Register. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update of Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973 notes that “It was quite common in the eighteenth century for an Army Lodge to be lost sight of soon after its establishment. Thus this Lodge . . . is not heard of after (1762).” He notes that in the second series Vol. 3 of the Grand Lodge Register there is no entry for Warrant No. 390. The Warrant was cancelled on April 6, 1815. In a response to an enquiry regarding this Warrant, Grand Lodge replied on December 2, 1998 that the cancellation “. . . (suggests) that there had been no contact between Grand Lodge and (the Lodge) for some time . . . .” No copy of Warrant No. 390 exists in Grand Lodge archives. According to V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, the Grand Lodge of Ireland reissued the number “390” on a new Warrant dated October 27, 1905, to South Carolina Lodge in the West India Regiment. This Regiment was disbanded in 1926 and Warrant No. 390 IC was surrendered to Grand Lodge in 1927, being subsequently reissued for South Carolina Lodge (civilian) in Jamaica which is listed as “Current” in 2001.

REF: E11 Lodge No. 12, PRGibraltar(A), in the 2nd Battalion, 4th (King’s Own) Regiment of Foot, Gibraltar 1811-???? [now part of the King’s Own Royal Border Regiment]

W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 4th Foot, September 2002, lists the issue of “Local Warrant No. 12. 2nd Battalion 4th Foot. Circa 1811. By the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia (Gibraltar). Antient.” This Warrant does not appear in the work of John Lane, Philip Crossle, Keith Cochrane, R. E. Parkinson or Robert F. Gould. The Warrant may well have been issued to one of the Irish Lodges in the 4th Foot when the Regiment (and Lodge) was in the garrison at Gibraltar, but this is not clear and the listing has been kept separate. Of the six Lodges in the 4th Foot, two can be discounted as they would not have left Ireland: Lodge 986 in the Garrison Battalion (1810-15) and Lodge 988 IC in the Veteran Battalion (1808-1815). Three Lodges may have worked in Gibraltar: United Lodge No. 147 SC (1769-1809), Select Lodge No. 522 IC (1785-1823) and Lodge No. 91 IC (1857-76) at differing times when the Regiment may have passed through but there is no conclusive evidence as to which one.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895. (2) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (3) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (4) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (5) The Poor Common Soldier, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by Bro. John Heron Lepper, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (6) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (8) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 4th Foot.]

REF: I22 Lodge No. 604 IC, in the 11th Regiment of Foot 1782-1815 [now part of The Devonshire and Dorset Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 604 on June 6, 1782, to the men of the 11th Regiment of Foot. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that three members of the Lodge were registered: “Thos. Webber, Jas. Ferguson and Edwd. Wishall”, probably as Master, SW and JW. By 1794 five other members were registered with Grand Lodge: “Michael Carrigan 19 Jan. 1786; Jas. Ganby 21 Nov. 1793; and Jno. White, Wm. Scott and Alex. Parkam 21 Feb. 1794.” W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 11th Foot, writes that the Lodge was at Gibraltar as early as 1787. In the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, contained on the website of the Gibraltar Provincial Grand Lodge, it is noted that “In 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military or travelling Lodges in Gibraltar . . . six Irish (of which one was in the) 11th Regiment . . . .”. There is no further information regarding the length of time the Regiment and its Lodge worked on Gibraltar. Cochrane’s notes from Grand Lodge records show that Lodge No. 714 IC (in the 68th (Durham) Regiment was working in Gibraltar in 1792, with five other Irish Lodges—Nos. 11 (1st (Royal) Foot); 168 (18th (Royal Irish) Foot); 227 (46th Foot); 604 (11th (North Devonshire) Foot); and 690 (51st Foot). Grand Lodge records indicate that the Lodge fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 179371, but there are no further returns to Grand Lodge records after 1794. One of the members of the Lodge, William Brown, was relieved by the Antients’ Grand Stewards Lodge in 1796, although no reason is cited in the records. The Warrant was cancelled on July 15, 1815. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1973, notes lists the issue of Warrant No. 604 to the 11th Foot with the notation that “Gould shows the Regimental Lodge in existence until 1794 only, but not cancelled until 1815”. He also lists a second use of the number “604” on an undated Warrant for a Lodge at Durban, South Africa. Cochrane notes that the date of issue was June 10, 1926 and that the Warrant was returned to the Grand Lodge of Ireland on August 21, 2000. Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes Warrant No. 604 in his list on page 38. In a response to an enquiry regarding this Warrant, the Grand Lodge of Ireland replied on June 30, 1999 that there is no copy of Warrant No. 604 in the Archives and that it is likely that the Warrant was destroyed at the time it was returned to Grand Lodge or that it had never been returned.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, limited publication in manuscript form by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (5) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (6) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 11th Foot.]

71 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85, IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 IC (1791-1821).

REF: E24 Lodge, No. 320 ER, in the 12th (East Suffolk) Regiment 1860-???? REF: S3 Duke of Norfolk’s Lodge No. 58 SC, in the 12th (Duke of Norfolk's) Regiment of Foot 1747- 1806 REF: S3 Possible Immemorial Right Lodge, no number, in the 12th Regiment of Foot 1685-1747 [now part of The Royal Anglian Regiment]

The Lodge for the 12th Regiment of Foot (Duke of Norfolk’s) could have been established as early as 1685 when the Regiment was formed. A reference to this date was reported to have been contained in its petition to the Grand Lodge of Scotland for a Warrant (although that Grand Lodge indicates that there is no evidence to support an existence prior to 1747). The Lodge was warranted as Duke of Norfolk’s Lodge, No. 58, in the 12th (Duke of Norfolk’s) Regiment of Foot by the Grand Lodge of Scotland on August 5, 1747 and became the first active military warrant issued by that Grand Lodge (and the second travelling Warrant to be issued by any Grand Lodge). [Note: This issue is referred to as the first active Scottish military Lodge as there had been two earlier Scottish Warrants, authorized in 1743 for the 55th and 44th Regiments, but there is no indication that the Warrants were actually issued of that the Lodges ever worked.] A Grand Lodge listing of Military Lodges indicates that the Lodge was known in England (1747), Holland (1748), Minorca (1749) England (1752), Minden (1759), Edinburgh (1762) and Gibraltar (1763). W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 12th Foot, indicates that the Lodge worked at Gibraltar during the Great Siege of 1778-80 when the Regiment was based in the garrison. The Lodge was erased from the Rolls of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1809. Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes the Warrant in his list on page 38. Brother Captain William Thomas, in his Freemasonry in the British Army, published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997, includes this issue with the notation that the name of the Lodge was “The Duke of Norfolk’s Mason Lodge” and that the commanding officer of the Regiment at the time was Lieutenant-General Henry Skelton. A Lodge (possibly the same one although this is unclear and the members would have been very old) obtained a new Warrant, No. 320 ER, from United Grand Lodge in 1860. Bro. Frederick Smyth treats these two Lodges as separate entities while Scottish information implies that they were one and the same but went for 54 years without a replacement Warrant for the original one after its cancellation. It is not clear when the Lodge ceased working nor when the Warrant was erased. This listing is problematic as John Lane does not carry it in his 1895 edition, nor does Gould and it is not included in Sheppard’s listing. It is possible that this is an incorrect entry for the following Calpe Lodge, No. 1126 ER which was formed in 1860.

[Sources: (1) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronatii Lodge. (2) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) Military Lodges Chartered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, listing prepared by the Grand Lodge of Scotland and updated as of 1995. (5) Lodges Chartered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, by W. Bro. George S. Draffen, published in limited copies in 1950 by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. (6) Freemasonry in the British Army, by W. Bro. Captain William Thomas, published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 12th Foot.]

REF: E25 Mount Calpe Lodge, No. 824 ER, in the 12th (Duke of Norfolk’s) Regiment of Foot 1863- 1890 REF: E25 Mount Calpe Lodge, No. 1126 ER, in the 12th (Duke of Norfolk’s) Regiment of Foot 1860- 1863 [now part of The Royal Anglian Regiment]

United Grand Lodge issued Warrant No. 1126 on June 25, 1860, to Mount Calpe Lodge in the 12th (Duke of Norfolk’s) Regiment of Foot. With the renumbering of Warrants in 1863 by United Grand Lodge, Mount Calpe Lodge received a new Warrant as No. 824 ER. Robert Freke Gould lists only Warrant No. 824 ER, in his listing entitled “Existing British Field Lodges, 1886”, showing that the Lodge was “current” at that time. Some records show the Lodge name as “Carpe” and not “Calpe” but the latter is the correct spelling as the Lodge was formed when the Regiment was based at Gibraltar and “Calpe” is the named given to the “Rock”. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 12th Foot, indicates that the Lodge made no returns to United Grand Lodge after 1863. United Grand Lodge records indicate that the Warrant was erased in 1890. It is not clear whether this Warrant is referred to by Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At- Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, in his list on page 38. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 (p. 320) reads: “Mount Calpe Lodge. 2nd Battalion, Twelfth Regiment of Foot 1860. (G.L. Warrant) 25 June 1860. Cons. 30 July 1860. No. 1126 ER. No. 824 ER, 1863. Constituted at Tilbury’s Royal Hotel, Aldershot, Hampshire, was subsequently designated 2nd Battalion Suffolk Regiment. Made no returns after 1863. Erased 5 August 1890.” No further history of the Lodge is known.

REF: I25 Lodge No. 211 IC, in Col. Herbert’s Regiment of Foot 1750-1815 [now part of The Prince of Wales’s Own Regiment of Yorkshire]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 211 on August 2, 1750, to the men of Herbert’s Regiment (later the 14th Regiment of Foot). R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that according to The Grand Lodge Register 6 brethren were registered on August 2, 1750 and a further 13 on November 12, 1761. Cochrane also notes that the Lodge was “Noted as working in Boston in October 1768”. Following the assignment of the 14th Regiment to Halifax in June 1766, the two regimental lodges (211 IC and 58 ER(A)), fraternized with the three local lodges (Lodge No. 1 PRNS(A), held at Pontac’s; Lodge No. 2 PRNS(A), held at the Rowe Barge; and Lodge No. 3 PRNS(A)) as well as lodges in the 29th Foot (No. 311 IC) and 59th Foot (No. 243 IC and No. 5 PRNS(A), and possibly No. 500 IC whose date of issue is unclear and which may have been working at this time). It is possible that the Royal Arch degree was worked in Halifax as early as 1750 (by Lodge No. 192 IC, in the 47th (Lascelle’s) Foot) and there is a reference by one Frederick Sterling, to his having received it in 1760. But Harris72 points out that “In the period 1765-68, there was much activity in the Royal Arch degree due principally to the presence here of the military lodges in the 14th, 29th, 59th and 64th Regiments73. A considerable number of civilian brethren in Halifax received the degree in these military lodges, including John George Pyke, later Grand Master of Masons.”. Harris (et al) also cite the recorded working of the Royal Arch and Knight Templar in Boston from 1768 onwards as providing an irresistible inference that these two degrees would have been worked in Halifax from 1765-68 by the same lodges. With the general disturbances in New England, the 14th Regiment was despatched to Boston. Its arrival there brought the number of military lodges up to five (No. 106 SC in the 64th; No. 211 IC and No 58 ER(A) in the 14th Foot; No. 322 IC in the 29th Foot; and No. 243 IC in the 59th Foot). The members of St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 82 (SC), Boston, (a civilian lodge) desiring a Provincial Grand Lodge under the authority of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, drew together representatives of No. 82 SC; Lodge No. 106 SC (64th Foot); Lodge No. 58, ER(A) (14th Foot); and Lodge No. 322 IC (29th Foot); and petitioned the Grand Lodge of Scotland for the appointment of Dr. Joseph Warren as Provincial Grand Master and of Capt. Jeremiah French and Capt. Ponsonby Molesworth (the latter two being members of Lodge No. 322 IC), as Grand Wardens. The signers of the Petition on behalf of Lodge No. 322 IC, were James Brown, Master; Charles Chambers, SW; and Jas. Smith, JW. A commission was granted in May 1769, naming Dr. Joseph Warren as Provincial Grand Master of Massachusetts (Scotland) and he was duly installed at a meeting of the Massachusetts Grand Lodge in Boston on December 27, 1769. Also attending the installation were the Master and Wardens of Lodge No. 322 IC and No. 58 ER(A). At the meetings of the Provincial Grand Lodge held on January 12 and March 2, 1770, the Master and Wardens of Lodge No. 322 IC recorded their attendance. With regard to Knight Templary, Harris notes that “The most interesting and significant fact, however, in connection with the sojourn of (military) lodges in Boston is the record in the minutes of St. Andrew’s Royal Arch Lodge of August 28th, 1769, when it is recorded that William Davis, P.M. of Lodge No. 58 ER(A) in the 14th Regiment received the four degrees of Excellent, Super-Excellent, Royal Arch and

72 The Story of Lodge “Glittering Star” No. 322 (Irish) (1759-1966) and The Beginning of Knight Templary in Canada, by Reginald V. Harris, PSGM (Can.), Paper No. 86 in the Canadian Masonic Research Association, 1986.

73 These were: in the 14th Regiment, Lodges No. 211 IC and No. 58 ER(A); in the 29th Regiment, Lodge Glittering Star, No. 322 IC; in the 59th Regiment, Lodge No. 243 IC; and in the 64th Regiment, Lodge No. 106 SC.

Knight Templar, these being “the four steps of a Royal Arch Mason”74. At this meeting there were present three brethren of Lodge No. 322 in the 29th, two others of Lodge No. 58 in the 14th Regiment, also three others, members of St. Andrew’s Lodge and Chapter, Boston, undoubtedly already in possession of these degrees. These minutes are the first record of the conferring of the Knight Templar degree in North America. Sir Charles A. Cameron, CB expresses the opinion that Lodge No. 222 “was by far the most likely source of these degrees (A.Q.C. XIII p. 156)”. [As an aside, the earliest written indications of the existence of Knight Templarism as a Masonic degree is dated March 24, 1765. This is the date shown in “The Rules of the High Knights Templars of Ireland” for Sir Edward Gilmore who is shown in the list of “Members Names of the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland”. This document was actually printed with the date of 1788. Source: The History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland. Vol. I, 1925.] Cochrane notes that Warrant No. 211 IC was “Cancelled, July 6, 1815 for neglect of duty.” V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1973, lists Warrant No. 211 to the 14th Foot with the notation that “Gould says Regimental Lodge in existence until 1761, but the Warrant not cancelled until 1815”. He also lists the use of number “211” for two more Warrants - October 31, 1850 for St. mark’s Middlesex Lodge” at Port Stanley, Canada West (surrendered 1858 on the Lodge joining the new Grand Lodge of Canada) and an undated Warrant for a Lodge in Magherafelt, Co. Londonderry. Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes this Warrant in his list on page 39. Cochrane also lists three further issues of Warrants bearing the number “211” by the Grand Lodge of Ireland:

• on June 4, 1818, to hold a Lodge at Dromara, Co. Down, cancelled on November 6, 1845 “for non- payment of dues”;

• on October 31, 1850, to hold Middlesex Lodge at Port Stanley, Elgin County, Upper Canada (nine miles south of the City of St. Thomas), returned June 21, 1858, when the Lodge joined the new Grand Lodge of Canada as St. Mark’s Lodge, No. 53 GRC (now No. 94 GRC); and

• on April 12, 1866, to hold a Lodge in Magherafelt, Co. Londonderry, which is shown as “Current”.

The Grand Lodge of Ireland was contacted in 1999 regarding the availability of a copy of Warrant No. 211. Their reply dated August 13, 1999 showed that no copy of the Warrant was returned to Grand Lodge and no copy exists in Grand Lodge archives.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, limited publication in manuscript form by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (5) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (6) History of the

74 It is interesting to note the variation with the working of the various degrees in Ontario today. The “Excellent” degree is embodied in the Most Excellent Master degree (the second) in the three degree progression to the Royal Arch. The Super Excellent Master is part of the Royal and Select (i.e. Cryptic) Masters of Ontario. The Royal Arch degree comprises the Mark Master Mason, Most Excellent Master and Holy Royal Arch. The Knight Templar consists of three Orders - Illustrious Order of the Red Cross, the Order of Malta, and The Order of the Temple.

Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (7) The Story of Lodge “Glittering Star” No. 322 (Irish) (1759-1966) and The Beginning of Knight Templary in Canada, by Reginald V. Harris, PSGM (Can.), Paper No. 86 in the Canadian Masonic Research Association, 1986. (8) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 14th Foot.]

REF: E28 Lodge No. 58 ER(A), in the 14th Regiment of Foot, Halifax 1759-1813 [now part of The Prince of Wales’s Own Regiment of Yorkshire]

The Antients Grand Lodge issued Warrant No. 58 on January 7, 1759, to hold a lodge in the 14th Regiment of Foot (this being the second Lodge in the Regiment) when the Regiment was stationed in the garrison at Gibraltar. This was the first Lodge to be formed on Gibraltar under an authority from the Antients’ Grand Lodge. Following the assignment of the 14th Regiment to Halifax in June 1766, the two regimental lodges (211 IC and 58 ER(A)), fraternized with the three local lodges (Lodge No. 1 PRNS(A), held at Pontac’s; Lodge No. 2 PRNS(A), held at the Rowe Barge; and Lodge No. 3 PRNS(A)) as well as lodges in the 29th Foot (No. 311 IC) and 59th Foot (No. 243 IC and No. 5 PRNS(A), and possibly No. 500 IC whose date of issue is unclear and which may have been working at this time). It is possible that the Royal Arch degree was worked in Halifax as early as 1750 (by Lodge No. 192 IC in the 47th (Lascelle’s) Foot) and there is a reference by one Frederick Sterling, to his having received it in 1760. But Harris75 points out that “In the period 1765-68, there was much activity in the Royal Arch degree due principally to the presence here of the military lodges in the 14th, 29th, 59th and 64th Regiments76. A considerable number of civilian brethren in Halifax received the degree in these military lodges, including John George Pyke, later Grand Master of Masons.”. Harris (et al) also cite the recorded working of the Royal Arch and Knight Templar in Boston from 1768 onwards as providing an irresistible inference that these two degrees would have been worked in Halifax from 1765-68 by the same lodges. With the general disturbances in New England, the 14th Regiment was despatched to Boston. Its arrival there brought the number of military lodges up to five (No. 106 SC in the 64th; No. 211 IC and No 58 ER(A) in the 14th Foot; No. 322 IC in the 29th Foot; and No. 243 IC in the 59th Foot). The members of St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 82 SC, Boston, (a civilian lodge) desiring a Provincial Grand Lodge under the authority of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, drew together representatives of No. 82 SC; Lodge No. 106 SC (64th Foot); Lodge No. 58 ER(A) (14th Foot); and Lodge No. 322 IC (29th Foot); and petitioned the Grand Lodge of Scotland for the appointment of Dr. Joseph Warren as Provincial Grand Master and of Capt. Jeremiah French and Capt. Ponsonby Molesworth (the latter two being members of Lodge No. 322 IC), as Grand Wardens. The signers of the Petition on behalf of Lodge No. 322 IC were James Brown, Master; Charles Chambers, SW; and Jas. Smith, JW. A commission was granted in May 1769, naming Dr. Joseph Warren as Provincial Grand Master of Massachusetts (Scotland) and he was duly installed at a meeting of the Massachusetts Grand Lodge in Boston on December 27, 1769. Also attending the installation were the Master and Wardens of Lodge No. 322 IC and No. 58 ER(A). At the meetings of the Provincial Grand Lodge held on January 12 and March 2, 1770, the Master and Wardens of Lodge No. 322 IC recorded their attendance. With regard to Knight Templary, Harris notes that “The most interesting and significant fact, however, in connection with the sojourn of (military) lodges in Boston is the record in the minutes of St. Andrew’s Royal Arch Lodge of August 28th, 1769, when it is recorded that William Davis, P.M. of Lodge No. 58 ER(A) in the 14th Regiment received the four degrees of Excellent, Super-Excellent, Royal Arch and

75 The Story of Lodge "Glittering Star" No. 322 (Irish) (1759-1966) and The Beginning of Knight Templary in Canada, by Reginald V. Harris, PSGM (Can.), Paper No. 86 in the Canadian Masonic Research Association, 1986.

76 These were: in the 14th Regiment, Lodges No. 211 IC and No. 58 ER(A); in the 29th Regiment, Lodge Glittering Star, No. 322 IC; in the 59th Regiment, Lodge No. 243 IC; and in the 64th Regiment, Lodge No. 106 SC.

Knight Templar, these being “the four steps of a Royal Arch Mason”77. At this meeting there were present three brethren of Lodge No. 322 in the 29th, two others of Lodge No. 58 in the 14th Regiment, also three others, members of St. Andrew’s Lodge and Chapter, Boston, undoubtedly already in possession of these degrees. These minutes are the first record of the conferring of the Knight Templar degree in North America. Sir Charles A. Cameron, CB expresses the opinion that Lodge No. 222 “was by far the most likely source of these degrees (A.Q.C. XIII p. 156)”. [As an aside, the earliest written indications of the existence of Knight Templar as a Masonic degree is dated March 24, 1765. This is the date shown in “The Rules of the High Knights Templars of Ireland” for Sir Edward Gilmore who is shown in the list of “Members Names of the Early Grand Encampment of Ireland”. This document was actually printed with the date of 1788. Source: The History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland. Vol. I, 1925.] Following the assignment of the 14th Regiment to Halifax in June 1766, the two regimental lodges (211 IC and 58 ER(A)), fraternized with the three local lodges (Lodge No. 1, PRNS(A), held at Pontac’s; Lodge No. 2 PRNS(A), held at the Rowe Barge; and Lodge No. 3, PRNS(A)) as well as lodges in the 29th Foot (Glittering Star, No. 311 IC) and 59th Foot (243 IC and No. 5 PRNS(A), and possibly No. 500 IC whose date of issue is unclear and which may have been working at this time). The history of the Lodge is unknown after the American Revolution. John Lane’s listing notes: “6 March 1776, ‘Ordered a renewal of warrant of No. 58 to 14th Reg’t of Foot, whenever they should require it, at present at St. Augustine’s (Florida)’. Warrant was renewed 20 March 1777. This number appears in the Ahiman Rezons of 1804, 1807 and 1813 but the Lodge had ceased to exist.” The Warrant was cancelled in 1813. Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes this Warrant in his list on page 39. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1896 (p. 78) reads: “Fourteenth Regiment of Foot 1759. 17 Jan. 1759. (G.L. Warrant) No. 58B78. Was at St. Augustine’s, Florida, U.S. of America, in 1776. 6 March 1776, ‘Ordered a renewal of Warrant of No. 58 to 14th Regiment of Foot, whenever they should require it, at present at St. Augustine’s.’ G. L. Min. Warrant was renewed 20 March 1777. This number appears in the Ahiman Rezons of 1804, 1807 and 1813, but the Lodge had ceased to exist.”

[Sources: (1) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (2) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Story of Lodge "Glittering Star" No. 322 (Irish) (1759-1966) and The Beginning of Knight Templary in Canada, by Reginald V. Harris, PSGM (Can.), Paper No. 86 in the Canadian Masonic Research Association, 1986. (5) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (6) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 14th Foot.]

77 It is interesting to note the variation with the working of the various degrees in Ontario today. The “Excellent” degree is embodied in the Most Excellent Master degree (the second) in the three degree progression to the Royal Arch. The Super Excellent Master is part of the Royal and Select (i.e. Cryptic) Masters of Ontario. The Royal Arch degree comprises the Mark Master Mason, Most Excellent Master and Holy Royal Arch. The Knight Templar consists of three Orders - Illustrious Order of the Red Cross, the Order of Malta, and The Order of the Temple.

78 Lane is distinguishing between two issues of Warrants bearing the same number “58" issued by the Antients. No. 58A had been issued on December 1, 1756 to hold at Gibraltar (Malaga) which, he says, “Lapsed very soon afterwards.” Obviously this was reported to the Grand Lodge as a new Warrant with the reused number was issued in 1759 to the 14th Foot.

REF: I31 Lodge No. 168 IC, in The Royal Regiment of Ireland (restyled the 18th Regiment of Foot in 1751) 1747-1801 [part of The Royal Irish Regiment - disbanded 1922]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 168 on September 2, 1747, to the men of The Royal Regiment of Ireland (which would be restyled as the 18th Regiment of Foot in 1751). R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that the Warrant was issued to “Colonel Folliott’s Regiment of Foot” although Military records show that the designation was “The Royal Regiment of Ireland”. Cochrane also notes that the Grand Lodge Register shows no names were registered when the Warrant was requested. It is possible that Lodge No. 168 IC met and worked in Boston, Massachusetts and Halifax, Nova Scotia, when the 18th Foot was based assigned to those cities (1775 and 1776) but this is not clear and the absence of Lodge Minute Books or other source documents makes it impossible to say for certainty. In the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, contained on the website of the Gibraltar Provincial Grand Lodge, it is noted that “In 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military or travelling Lodges in Gibraltar, one Irish in the 18th Regiment . . . .”. There is no further information regarding the length of time the Regiment and its Lodge worked on Gibraltar. This reference is somewhat problematic as there were two Irish Lodges in the 18th Foot at this time—the other being No. 351 (Warrant issued August 7, 1760, cancelled July 2, 1818) and it is not clear to which Lodge the reference was made. Cochrane notes from Grand Lodge records that Lodge No. 714 IC (in the 68th (Durham) Regiment was working in Gibraltar in 1792, with five other Irish Lodges—Nos. 11 (1st (Royal) Foot); 168 (18th (Royal Irish) Foot); 227 (46th Foot); 604 (11th (North Devonshire) Foot); and 690 (51st Foot). Warrant No. 168 IC was erased from the Rolls of the Grand Lodge of Ireland on November 5, 1801. Crossle notes that the number “168” was used for an Warrant (no date shown) for Ionic Lodge in Ballymacarett, Co. Down. Cochrane notes that the first reissue of a Warrant with the number “168” was on January 7, 1813, to form a Lodge in Derrygorey, Emyvale, Co. Monaghan, which was cancelled on September 7, 1843. He notes that a further reissue with the number “168” was made on July 18, 1845, to hold a Lodge at Balleywatermoy, Ballymena, Co. Antrim, the Warrant being suspended and sent in on June 30, 1856. Cochrane then lists the final issue of Warrant No. 168 on June 7, 1895, to form “Ionic Lodge” at Ballymacarett, Belfast (the Crossle reference) and that the Lodge is listed as “Current”. Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes this Warrant in his list on page 39. An enquiry was made in September 1999 to the Grand Lodge of Ireland to determine whether a copy of Warrant No. 168 was available in the Archives, and for a copy of it if it was there. The reply noted that no copy or original was in their files.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Philip Crossle, P.G.S.D., published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by John Heron Lepper, in his paper printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (4) The American War of Independence and Freemasonry, by Bro. Alphonse Cerza, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (6) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as reprinted in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions for the Years 1949-1957, printed 1959, Dublin. (7) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (8) History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, Lodge website . (9) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 18th Foot.]

REF: E34 Royal Egypt Lodge, No. 18 PRJamaica(A), in the 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot 1810- ???? REF: I32 Lodge No. 351 IC, in the 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot 1760-1818 [part of The Royal Irish Regiment - disbanded 1922]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 351 on August 7, 1760, to the men of the 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that seven brethren were registered on August 7, 1760, including “Sergt. Wm. Watson, Master; Joseph Webber and John Milford, Wardens”. A further 46 brethren were registered up to June 23, 1784. Cochrane notes that “About 1769 Royal Arch Lodge, No. 3, Philadelphia, was in close communication with this Lodge in the 18th Regiment79, and the two bodies were in the habit of lending their Royal Arch furniture to one another. [Note: it is likely that Royal Arch Lodge, No. 3, was a local Lodge and it would have been normal for Lodges to share their equipment and furniture during the American Revolution when it was likely impossible to obtain new or replacement furniture.] W. Bro. Sheppard notes that on August 30, 1794, Brother Joseph Gough of Lodge No. 351 IC, joined Lodge No. 218 IC, held in the 48th Foot. In the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, contained on the website of the Gibraltar Provincial Grand Lodge, it is noted that “In 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military or travelling Lodges in Gibraltar, one Irish in the 18th Regiment . . . .”. There is no further information regarding the length of time the Regiment and its Lodge worked on Gibraltar. This reference is somewhat problematic as there were two Irish Lodges in the 18th Foot at this time—the other being No. 168 (Warrant issued September 2, 1747, erased November 5, 1801) and it is not clear to which Lodge this reference is made. On March 26, 1793, the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia (aka Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar) suspended Lodge No. 351 for 12 months because it had not paid its rent and account to that Provincial Grand Lodge. Warrant No. 351 IC was cancelled on July 2, 1818. Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes this Warrant in his list on page 39. Crossle notes that the number “351” was used in 1825 for a Warrant for a Lodge in Monaghan. Cochrane lists the date of issue as May 5, 1825 and notes that the Lodge is still “Current”. An enquiry was made in September 1999 to the Grand Lodge of Ireland to determine whether a copy of Warrant No. 351 was available in the Archives, and for a copy of it if it was there. The reply noted that no copy or original was in their files. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, shows a local Warrant No. 18 being issued by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Jamaica (Antients) to a Lodge in the 18th Foot (list of Lodges in the 18th Foot, p. 401). No further information about this Warrant is known. Although there were two Battalions in the 18th Foot and both served in the West Indies, this Warrant was likely a local issue to Lodge No. 351 as Lodge No. 168 IC had expired and its Warrant had been cancelled by 1801. Another reinforcing fact is that, as a one Battalion Regiment, the 18th Foot had fought at Alexandria and Cairo in 1801, and the selection of Lodge name would have perpetuated the success of the Regiment there. Smyth does not include this Warrant in his list on page 39. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, (p. 484) reads: “Royal Egyptian Lodge. No. 18, Provincial. Military Encampment, Upcamp (St. Andrew’s) Surrey. (Prov. Warrant) 1810. Prov. G. L. Jamaica.”

79 Although Cochrane’s notes say “18th Regiment” this is a typographical error and should read “17th Regiment”.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Philip Crossle, P.G.S.D., published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by John Heron Lepper, in his paper printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (4) The American War of Independence and Freemasonry, by Bro. Alphonse Cerza, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (6) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as reprinted in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions for the Years 1949-1957, printed 1959, Dublin. (7) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (8) History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, Lodge website . (9) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (10) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 18th Foot.]

REF: E36 Lodge No. 3 PRGibraltar, in the 19th Regiment of Foot 1762/71?-1771? REF: I33 Lodge No. 156 IC, in The Green Howards (restyled as the 19th Regiment of Foot in 1751) 1747-1779/80 [now The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales’s Own Yorkshire Regiment)]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 156 on either March 4 or May 7, 1747, to the men of The Green Howards (which was restyled as the 19th Regiment of Foot in 1751). While there is no record of the Lodge in the Register of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, the minutes of Lodge No. 19 IC, Youghal, show that Lodge No. 156 IC in the 19th Regiment of Foot was quartered at Kinsale in November 1780. When the Regiment was assigned to Gibraltar the Lodge accompanied it and obtained a local Warrant as No. 3, from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia at Gibraltar. At about the same time (W. Bro. Ray Sheppard says July 1779) the Lodge surrendered Warrant No. 156 IC to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Munster who in turn transferred it to a new civilian Lodge at Kinsale, Co. Cork with effect from July 1779. The issue of the Gibraltar Warrant would appear to have occurred in the period 1762 to 1771 when the 19th Foot was stationed in Gibraltar. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that “Records indicate that the Royal Arch and Knight Templar Degrees were worked as early as 1776. On 7 February 1778 the Lodge was assisted by Bro. Amyas Griffiths in the working of the Royal Arch Degree and from that date there are regular references to both these degrees.” Although it is not clear when No. 3 PRGibraltar was surrendered, it would likely have occurred about 1771 or 1772 when the 19th Foot was returned to England until its assignment to the southern American colonies during the Revolution. The local number “3” was assigned to a Warrant in 1803, to hold a Lodge in the 100th (The Prince of Wales Royal Canadians) Regiment of Foot. Bro. Frederick Smyth’s The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes the date of the issue of No. 156 IC in his list on page 39 but does not include the local Gibraltar Warrant. There is no entry for the Gibraltar Warrant in john Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894. Crossle notes that the number “156” was used for three additional Irish Warrants while Cochrane qualifies these with more accurate dates for issue or cancellation:

• in 1779 for a Lodge at Kinsale, Co. Cork (surrendered or struck off in 1834). Cochrane notes this issue as dated March 15, 1779, made by the Provincial Deputy Grand Master of Munster (probably Seton), and that the name of the Lodge was “Select Aholiab Boyne”. He notes that the Lodge appears to have moved to different towns as the Lodge seal was changed to show Kinsale and Bandon. The Warrant was suspended on July 6, 1848.;

• in 1848 when it was exchanged for the higher numbered Warrant No. 528 which had been issued on October 5, 1775 for a Lodge at Kinsale, Co. Cork (no date of surrender or cancellation shown). Cochrane does not indicate this issue as being made; and

• (no date shown) for Golden Pillar Lodge in Belfast (also with no date of surrender or cancellation shown). Cochrane lists June 7, 1894 as the date for this new Warrant bearing the number “156” for Golden Pillar Lodge, Beechpark Hall, Oldpark Road, Belfast, and lists the Warrant as “Current” in 2002.

In response to an enquiry to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1999 to obtain a copy of Warrant No. 156 the reply noted that no copy of the Warrant could be found in the archives.

Masonic Records, 1973. (3) “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by John Heron Lepper, in his paper printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (4) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (5) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as reprinted in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions for the Years 1949- 1957, printed 1959, Dublin. (6) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (7) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 19th Foot.]

REF: I34 Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC, in the 1st Battalion, XXth Regiment of Foot, various locations 1759?-1869 REF: I34 Lodge 63 IC, in the 1st Battalion, XXth Regiment of Foot, various locations 1737-1869 [now part of The Royal Regiment of Fusiliers]

The Lodge for the XXth Regiment was warranted as No. 63 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on January 12, 1736/7, when the Regiment was in garrison duty at Gibraltar. The Founder Master is believed to have been the Hon. Edward Cornwallis and that Major James Wolfe80 was “made a Mason” in the Lodge (History of St. Andrew’s Lodge, Halifax, NS, by R. V. Harris, 1920, page 14). The Warrant became lost at some point during the following decade as a Warrant of Confirmation was granted on December 20, 1748 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland to: “1. Lord George Sackville81, as Master; 2. Lt.-Col. Edward Cornwallis82, Senior Warden; and 3. Capt. Milburne83, Junior Warden”. The Lodge adopted the name “Minden” sometime after the Battle of August 1, 1759, when the XXth Regiment, in brigade with the 25th and 51st Regiments, fought valiantly but was badly mauled. The Lodge accompanied the Regiment throughout all of its trials and tribulations and, during its frequent moves. It is not surprising (nor is it uncommon among Lodges of the

80 There has never been any documentary evidence brought to light to prove the Wolfe was a Mason, although there has always been a belief that he probably was one. He was Brigadier-General in the second siege and capture of Louisbourg (1758) and commander of the forces which attacked and captured Quebec (1759). Wolfe joined the Army in 1741 and by 1749 he succeeded Hon. Edward Cornwallis as Lieutenant-Colonel of the XXth Foot. Although there is no record of his initiation, it has always been believed that he was initiated into Lodge No. 63 IC (which had been established on January 12, 1737) during the tenure of Lord George Sackville as Master of the Lodge. In 1756 the XXth was augmented with a 2nd Battalion which became the 67th Foot in 1758 with Wolfe as Colonel.

81 Lord George Sackville was Colonel of the 20th Foot from 1746 to 1749, and he transferred in April 1757 to the 2nd Dragoon Guards as Colonel of the Regiment. He was Grand Master of Ireland in 1751.

82 Edward Cornwallis was born at 14 Leicester Square, London on March 5, 1711, the sixth son of Charles, fourth Baron Cornwallis and Lady Charlotte Butler (daughter of Richard Earl of Arran and grand-daughter of James Butler, first Duke of Ormond, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland during the reigns of Charles I and II). Edward Cornwallis was the uncle of Lord Cornwallis who surrendered to American forces at Yorktown. Edward Cornwallis was gazetted an Ensign in the 47th Foot on May 4, 1731 and Lieutenant in 1734. In 1737 he was promoted to Captain and transferred to the XXth Regiment of Foot where he was promoted to Major (1744) and Lieutenant- Colonel (1745) from which he resigned due to ill health in 1746. He was replaced by Major James Wolfe. In 1748, Cornwallis was named as Captain-General and the first Governor of Nova Scotia, arriving at Chebucto harbour in the sloop Sphinx (some records show he arrived in HMS Beaufort) on June 21, 1749 (old style; July 2, 1749 new style) with 1,149 settlers and settler-families. Chebucto was selected as the site of Halifax (named after Lord Halifax, Governor of the Board of Trade and Plantations and Secretary of State for the Home Colonies) and the capital was transferred there from Annapolis Royal. In October 1753 Cornwallis was appointed as Lt.-Col. of the 24th Foot and served with the Regiment on Minorca until the island was lost to Spanish forces and Cornwallis was “disgraced” by being promoted to Major-General on February 12, 1757; served in Ireland; promoted Lt.-General on October 27, 1760 and made Colonel of the 24th Foot. In 1762 he was appointed Governor and Commander-in- Chief of Gibraltar, which he held until his death on January 14, 1776. Cornwallis is masonically important for having helped establish Lodge 63 IC, in the XXth Foot at Gibraltar in 1737; First Lodge at Halifax, No. 1, PRNS(A) in 1750 of which he was named first Master in a Warrant from Henry Price dated December 24, 1740; and Lodge No. 426 ER(M) in the Cornwallis Regiment (24th Foot) at Gibraltar in 1768. He was named as SW of Lodge No. 63 IC, in the XXth Foot, in the renewal Warrant issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on December 20, 1748. After returning to Gibraltar as Governor, he was the Founder Master of Lodge No. 426 ER(M), in the 24th Regiment. In addition to being an Irish Mason he was an active member of the Moderns.

83 An active member of the Moderns’ Grand Lodge and grantee of one of its Warrants.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 112 Freemasonry in Gibraltar time) that returns to the Grand Lodge of Ireland either were not prepared or were lost in transit; by 1801 the Grand Lodge of Ireland considered the Lodge defunct as no returns for the preceding 40 years had been received and included No. 63 IC in the list of erased Warrants for that year. R. W. Keith Cochrane, in his CD- ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes the cancellation due to “. . . . nothing having been heard of it (Lodge No. 63 IC) in Dublin since 1786.” In spite of this, information was clearly reaching the Lodge as the twenty-six resolutions issued by the Grand Secretary, William Dickey, and dated July 6, 1772, are appended to a copy of the Lodge By-Laws. The XXth Regiment and Lodge No. 63 IC were posted to the Thirteen Colonies in 1775 and it is possible that the Lodge worked there. On October 12, 1777 the British Forces at Saratoga were surrendered to the Americans under the command of General Gates, and the XXth Foot was amongst the Regiments made prisoners of war until 1783 when they were released and returned to Britain. The loss of the Minute Book in India (during the Mutiny) prevents any clear picture of the working of the Lodge during and after its captivity in America. Cochrane does note, however, that “A Lodge of Freemasons was worked by certain Brunswick brethren, with their Irish brethren under this Warrant, while interned as prisoners of war at Charlotteville, Virginia, during the year 1780.” He also cites CC Transactions Vol. 10 for “details of the doings of the Lodge during this period of captivity”. Interestingly enough some additional information on this matter has been provided by Brother Captain William Thomas, in his article Freemasonry in the British Army, published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997. Captain Thomas cites research by Carl Kaempe, of Brunswick: “Under the Brunswick and Hessian officers lodging in the barracks at Charlotteville, were some Freemasons. In the barracks-encampment was an English Military Lodge, known as Irish Lodge No. 63 of the 20th English Regiment of the Line. With this Lodge such officers as were Masons affiliated, and a number of other officers were entered, passed and raised by it. Among the Brunswick officers was Ensign Johann Heinrich Carl von Bernewitz, one of the most prominent soldiers of the period, who was also initiated by the English Lodge No. 63, and became later (1806-1809) W. Master of Lodge ‘Carl Zur Gekroeenten Saeule’ (Charles of the Crowned Pillar) in Brunswick.. In the Archives of this Lodge are kept manuscripts written by von Bernewitz from which it is learned that the officers erected a part lodge, a deputation lodge of the English Lodge, and worked by themselves. The manuscripts open with a ‘List of the Brethren Freemasons with the German troops in barracks at Charlotteville, Albemarle County, dated February 13th, 1780.’ In this list are given the names of nine officers (eight Brunswick and one Hessian) who had been made Masons in Germany . . . and a further thirteen names of German officers . . . admitted and also passed and raised in part from January to August, 1780, inclusive, by Lodge No. 63. The XXth, accompanied by Lodge No. 63 IC was in Halifax from June 1789 to June 1792, when it was assigned to Santo Domingo and Jamaica. There is no surviving documentation to show that the Lodge was working but there is no reason not to believe so. Halifax had been a key military installation and there is evidence that most regiments with Lodges during their time in Halifax, met and worked the various degrees. By 1796 the XXth arrived in Plymouth and mustered only 6 officers and 70 NCO’s, Drummers and Privates. Such loss of manpower probably hit the Lodge very hard. The Lodge did survive. Cochrane notes that “The oldest record of the Meeting of the Lodge, and at which it mustered 18 members, is dated at Victoriosa, Malta, 29th March 1802. They met ‘. . . for the purpose of installation . . . . Bro. Charles Whitton was . . . installed Worshipful Master’.” The movement of the XXth Regiment, however, and its severe loss of manpower through deaths in action, interfered with the working of the Lodge until it returned to Ireland in late 1811. At that time the Lodge made contact with Grand Lodge who granted a renewal of the Warrant “free of charge”on February 28, 1812. But even this was short-lived as the XXth sailed for Corunna on October 14, 1812 and did not return to Ireland until July 1814, when “regular” meetings of the Lodge were again started. In December 1818 the Regiment sailed for St. Helena to take over the guard duty of Napoleon Bonaparte. Cochrane notes that appended to the minutes of the Lodge meeting of December 7, 1818 is the note “This was the last night the Body met [in Ireland] before it embarked for the island of St. Helena, in the beginning of 1819. [Signed] H. Hollinsworth.” The Lodge appears to have become dormant between 1819 and 1824 and its next recorded meeting was on August 19, 1824, at Cannanore, when it was resuscitated by four members. The situation was

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 113 explained by the WM, Bro. H. Hollinsworth to Grand Lodge, and by the end of 1824 membership stood at 27 brethren. By March 1825 the Regiment and Lodge were at Poonah and Lodge meetings were restarted. Cochrane notes that “On the 24th October this year [1825], the Minden Lodge assisted in laying the foundation stone of a Temple to Masonry, at which Bro. Lieut. Gen. Sir Charles Colville, Commander in Chief, assisted as Grand Master.” Indications are that the Lodge made a significant contribution to this edifice, as well as to the Masonic Orphan Asylum in Dublin. Further movement of the XXth Foot allowed the Lodge to meet sporadically in Tabreez and Colabah, Persia, and the major problem appears to have been the location of a suitable facility in which the reported 60 members could meet and work degrees, including the Royal Arch84 (there is a surviving Royal Arch Medal, in the Grand Lodge Library, which was presented to Bro. Henry Clinton “for his unwearied zeal in the cause of the Craft.” On January 5, 1831 the Regiment arrived in Belgium and the Lodge met on January 19; membership would continue to be a problem when members were transferred away from the Regiment, a gold square being presented to a Bro. Taylor on his departure for England. Given the hectic pace of military life and the frequency of movements, it would not be surprising to see some “corners being cut”. In 1828 the Lodge was fined one guinea by the Grand Lodge of Ireland for having admitted a member under age, following a complaint by United Grand Lodge. The Lodge protested innocence and was let off with a warning “to be more particular in the observance of the Constitutions in future”. The effect of military life is reflected by Cochrane’s notes on the Lodge - indicating that 159 members were registered during its twenty years in India, but the loss of 402 members of the Regiment to other assignments, retirements or death, reduced the Lodge membership to 20 by the time the XXth returned to England in May 1837. Only one member of the Lodge who had belonged to it before departure from England in 1812 was still in the XXth Foot and a member of Lodge No. 63 IC, when it returned to England. The Lodge worked the Royal Arch under its original Craft Warrant until October 1838, when a separate Warrant was issued by the Supreme Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Ireland. Between 1838 and 1844 the Lodge was again dormant and records show only two meetings, one of which was held on May 24, 1838 to present Bro. Assistant Surgeon with a gold Past Master’s medal. Cochrane indicates that the duties of rebuilding the Regiment and the lack of any suitable meeting place were major impediments to Lodge meetings. Lodge No. 63 IC resumed meetings in 1844 in St. George’s, Bermuda, under the Mastership of Bro. Captain South. One of the first activities of the Lodge was to update and print a new set of By-Laws and to acquire a Library for the Lodge. During this time a number of members of the Royal Sappers and Miners, based on the Island, were initiated into Minden Lodge. In 1936 a Keystone was found in Calcutta (now in the Museum in the District Grand Lodge of Bengal) measuring 13¼” high, 11f” across top, 7” wide across bottom, and 3e” deep. On the obverse are the usual letters and concentric circles, and in the centre a VOSL on which are a square and compasses and the words “MARK CHART”. On the reverse is “MINDEN LODGE”, beneath it is the number 63, surmounted by a crown and wreath, underneath this is XX Regt. This “Ross Keystone” was made in Bermuda in 1845 by a Bro. Ross of the Royal Sappers and Miners, who was a member of the Lodge. In addition to the Keystone, fifteen books of the Lodge are in the Museum in Bengal, including a Bible, published in Edinburgh in 1813, Oliver on Freemasonry, vol. ii, 1846, and thirteen volumes of the Freemason’s Quarterly Review, 1834-45, all of which remain from the Bermuda sojourn. The Lodge was stationed at Kingston, Upper Canada, with the Regiment, from 1847 to 1853-54 and meetings were reinstituted and regularized. On July 28, 1848, Minden Lodge celebrated its Centenary with a church service at St. George’s Church, Kingston and a dinner at “Mr. Bamford’s Hotel”. A special Medal was struck to record the event. During this period a number of members of the Lodge paid fraternal visits

84 Sheppard notes that “This Lodge worked the Royal Arch under its original Craft Warrant until October 1838, when a separate Warrant was issued by the Supreme Grand R. A. Chapter of Ireland.”

• May 14, 1850 - W. Bro. J. South and Bro. A. Turner;

• November 11, 1850 - W. Bro. South and Bros. Levy, Oliver, Sayers, Griggs, Matheson, Waring, Higgins and Robertson;

• December 18, 1850 - W. Bro. South and Bros. Levy, Robinson, Griggs, Shaddock, Harris, Kilburn, Waring, Oliver, Sayers, Maycock, A. J. Cuninghame, W. D. Radcliffe and Turner (the last four named are listed in the Register as only “XXth Regiment” and could have been members of either No. 63 IC, or other Lodges);

• December 27, 1850 - W. Bro. Cunningham, W.M. (no initials and could have been the Bro. A. J. Cuninghame previously listed as a visitor), W. Bro. South, Bros. Oliver, Radcliffe (with the “e”), Crespigny, Turner, Bury, McNeill, Wetherall, Rogers, Ward, Kinnear, McDougall, Alexander, Maycock, Lindsay. W. Bro. Black advises that the Lodge records intimate that the 19th and 23rd Regiments had departed Montreal around this time which accords with the Regimental histories;

• February 11, 1851 - W. Bros. Cunningham and South, Bros. Bury, Radcliffe, Dawson, Maycock, Clarke, Levy, Matheson, Shaddock, Crawford, Ussher, Platt, Sterling, Robertson, Geraghty, Parkin, Waring and Bilham;

• March 11, 1851 - W. Bro. Oliver South;

• November 11, 1851 - W. Bro. South;

• December 27, 1851 - W. Bros. Oliver and South, Bros. W. P. Radcliffe, SW, and W. N. McNeill and D. Bilham;

• January 15, 1852 - W. Bro. F. Oliver and Bro. W. Fane Keane;

• February 10, 1852 - no visitors from Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC, but the Lodge Minutes note that “. . . communications were read from Minden Lodge No. 63 and Zetland Lodge No. 73186 conveying the usual congratulations of the Brethren along with lists of the officers of those Lodges for the current year . . . .”

• March 9, 1852 - Bros. Farmer and D. Bethune;

• December 14, 1852 - W. Bro. Oliver, Bros. Leet and Voss;

• December 27, 1852 - W. Bros. Oliver and South;

• February 8, 1853 - Bros. Bury and Leet;

85 Information supplied by W. Bro. Alan Black, PJGD, PM St. George’s Lodge, No. 374 ER, Montreal, in December 2001.

86 Zetland Lodge commenced life under the name “The Canning Lodge”, No. 11 PRMWH, on December 27, 1828, changing its name to “Zetland” in 1844. It went through a series of renumberings depending on the authority under which it worked - No. 11, PRMWH; No. 731 ER; No. 5, PRMWH; No. 15 GRC; No. 21 GRC; No. 7 GRQ; No. 12 GRQ and is, now, Zetland Lodge, No. 13 GRQ, Montreal.

• March 2, 1853 - Bros. Adams, Voss and Leet;

• March 8, 1853 - Bros. Adams, Voss and Leet;

• March 29, 1853 - W. Bro. South and Bro. Leet;

• April 5, 1853 - no visitors from Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC, but the Lodge Minutes note that “The WM read a communication from Bro. Oliver, PM, Minden Lodge, requesting the acceptance by the Lodge of two Masonic songs with chorus, and a Masonic Anthem. VWPM Bethune moved, seconded by Bro. Harris, that the thanks of the Lodge be conveyed by the Secy. to Bro. Oliver for his acceptable gift.”

• April 12, 1853 - no visitors from Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC, but the Lodge Minutes note that “The WM intimated that he had received from the WM of the Minden Lodge a communication intimating that a Lodge of MMMs would be held on the 16th inst., when any of the Brethren of St. Paul’s Lodge would have an opportunity of taking that degree.”

• April 21, 1853 - no visitors from Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC, but the Lodge Minutes note that “The WM had received a communication from the Secy. of the Minden Lodge informing him that the Lodge of Most Excellent Masters attached to the Minden Lodge would assemble on Monday evening next, instead of Saturday.”

• March 14, 1854 - Bros. Keane, Adams and Voss;

• March 22, 1854 - Bros. Keane, Adams and Voss; and

• April 19, 1854 - no visitors from Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC, but the Lodge Minutes note that “. . . Bros. Voss and Clarke elected joining members of St. Paul’s Lodge.”

In addition to the foregoing members of Minden Lodge who visited St. Paul’s Lodge, the Register of Visitors of St. Paul’s RA Chapter, No. 374 ER, Montreal, reflect the following visitors from the RA Chapter attached to Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC:

• May 15, 1851 - M. Ex. Companion Oliver and Companions Maycock, Sayers, Levy, Lee, Robins, Griggs and Waring;

• April 15, 1852 - M. Ex. Companion Bilham and Companions Grain and Keane; and

• February 11, 1853 - M. Ex. Companions Oliver, South and Bilham (all listed as PZ’s) and Companions Keane, Bury, Levy, Shaddock, Kilburn and Powell.

Problems between Ancient Frontenac Chapter, No. 431 ER, and Minden Lodge arose in 1848 when the latter, following usual Irish Masonic practice, accepted civilians into its linked Chapter. Ancient Frontenac’s letter of August 4, 1848 was replied to by Minden Chapter on August 8, 1848. The issue was put to the Grand Lodge of Ireland by Minden Lodge, but no action seems to have been taken. During this period the Lodge and Chapter, both, maintained a relationship with St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 374 ER, Montreal. The XXth Regiment of Foot, accompanied by Minden Lodge, departed in 1853 for India and eventually the Lodge was settled in Ireland and became civilian. The two letters came to light in the archives of the Grand Lodge of Ireland and were sent by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, Librarian of the Grand Lodge, under cover of a letter dated July 11, 1934, to the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario. They resided in the archives until they were copied

Letter from Ancient Frontenac Royal Arch Chapter to Minden Lodge and Chapter

August 4, 1848 Dear Sir and Brother,

Grounded on a special report of the Board of General Purposes of this Chapter.

As the first principal thereof I deem it my duty to enter on behalf of said Chapter a “protest” against the conferring upon Brethren Civilians, residents of this City, any of the higher degrees of Masonry usually given under Chapter Warrants attached to the Minden; a Military Lodge in H.M. XX Regt. Foot stationed here.

In consider the conferring (of) those degrees upon Brethren Civilians, in a Military Chapter when there is a Chapter (Civilian) working in this City, without first notifying such last named Chapter “at least” a great departure from Masonic courtesy.

I further consider that such conduct is a serious transgression of the strict masonic rules of the Constitution, and that until further informed by competent authority it will be my bounden duty not to acknowledge as companions and Brethren (Civilians) so exalted. I shall also take immediate steps to notify the Chapters in Canada of the conduct of the Chapter attached to the Minden Lodge in the matter. I shall also communicate the name of those brethren (Civilians) so having received the Degrees that proper action may be taken thereon.

Further I have felt it my duty to reprimand those companions of this Chapter who were present when the “Mark Degree” was conferred on certain Brethren (Civilians).

I beg to remain, Dear Sir and brother,

Fraternally yours,

(Signed) Thos. J. Angel Ancient Frontenac Royal Arch Chapter Kingston C.W.

To Bro. F. Oliver W.M. Minden Lodge & 1st Principal of the Chapter thereof attached.

[Source: Freemasonry at Kingston, Upper Canada, 1781-1850, by John E. Taylor, p. 20.]

Rebuttal from Minden Lodge/Chapter

Minden Chapter Room 8th August 1848 To Bro. T. J. Angel Dear Sir and Brother,

Had your communication of the 4th instant been couched in terms more consonant with a Masonic spirit of charity towards those whom you may have considered as erring Brethren, we should have been most willing to

have discussed the subject in dispute with you, and if convinced that we had acted contrary to the usages of Masonry we would cheerfully have made any reparation in our power, but the style of your letter betrays such a spirit of unkindness as bars all discussion, and more especially as we cannot recognize your right to censure. What we have done will be fully stated in our communication to the Grand Lodge; by its award we will stand or fall, and of the results whatever it may be we will not fail to acquaint you - in the meantime - for the reasons already set forth we decline all further correspondence of the subject.

I beg to remain, Dear Sir and brother,

Fraternally yours,

(Signed) F. Oliver W.M. Lodge No. 63, 1st Principal of the R.A.C. attached to Minden Lodge.

[Source: Freemasonry at Kingston, Upper Canada, 1781-1850, by John E. Taylor, p. 21.]

In 1853 the XXth and Minden Lodge were again transferred to India. During the period 1748-1851, 193 members were registered with Grand Lodge but the Lodge was subsequently sadly decimated during the Indian Mutiny. Bro. Frederick Smyth notes that “. . . the Mutiny . . . in 1857 accounted for the disappearance of the (Warrant) . . . .”. A last registration was made in 1852 from India. Smyth notes on page 226 that the Warrant disappeared in 1857, during the Indian Mutiny. Grand Lodge heard nothing of the Lodge until 1868 when it reported to Grand Lodge that the Lodge Warrant, jewels and regalia were lost in India, and Grand Lodge marked the Lodge as “not working” in the Register for 1869. Although being reduced in numbers (at one time to four members), the Lodge continued working and regained its strength, contributing to the expansion of Freemasonry in India. Minden Lodge, No. 464 ER, Calcutta, formed in 1920, adopted the name “Minden” in honour of the Regiment and its original travelling Lodge. The Lodge was eventually located in Ireland and became stationary. Cochrane does not close out the notes on Minden Lodge, No. 63 IC, with any indication of the eventual fate of the Lodge or its members. He does note that a new Warrant No. 63 was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on June 8, 1891, for Harmony Lodge, Magazine Street, Londonderry, Co. Londonderry, and that the Lodge is “Current”. A copy of Warrant No. 63 was requested from the Grand Lodge of Ireland in October 1999 and the response advised that “Warrant No. 63 in the 20th Foot was lost in India during the 1860’s.” A history of the Lodge, or running commentary on some of its activities has been found and a photocopy of some of the pages has been provided by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard. This commentary appears to be in a journal or book form and the pages are numbered, pages 50 to 53 inclusive being available, and are reproduced below:

- page 50 -

. . . . which were delivered at its meeting on the Symbols of Masonry. A series of lectures on Man was also delivered in the Lodge by Bro. Asst. Surgeon Moffatt. Bro. Capt. Taylor was, on his departure for England, presented with a gold square. On 21st December 1836 the regiment encamped at Vingoria, previous to embarkation for England, and remained in camp a month. Hearing of this detention Ensign A. G. Shaw, 22nd Native Infantry, took a long and difficult journey to Vingoria and petitioned the brethren of the Lodge for advancement in Masonry, his request being at once complied with. During its stay in India the Lodge had enrolled 150 members under its banner, but of these only 20

set sail for England:- the cause of this was that many of the Regiment (not less than 402) had volunteered for services with other corps and many of the members of the Lodge belonged to regiments of the Native Army or held permanent appointments in India.

- page 51 -

The following are the details of the number of initiates: Of H. M. service:- 1 Lieutenant- Colonel , 10 Captains, 12 Lieutenants, 1 Surgeon, 3 Assistant Surgeons, 72 non-commissioned officers, 1 Private. Of H. E. I. C. service:- 1 Judge, 12 others of the civil service, 2 Chaplains, 9 Lieutenants, 2 Assistant Surgeons, 1 Ensign, 27 non-commissioned officers. Of those who had left England as members of the Lodge only one returned to his native land. Up to 9th October 1828 the “Superior Degrees” had been conferred under the old warrant of the Lodge but on that date a charter was obtained from the Grand Chapter of Ireland for the working of the Royal Arch Degree. Several widows and orphans of deceased brethren were entirely supported by the Lodge, and grants of considerable sums were frequently made to the Masonic Orphan Asylum at Dublin.

In 1841 the Regiment, and the Lodge with it, were sent to Bermuda, and afterwards to various places in Nova Scotia and Canada. Whilst at Kingston the Lodge

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celebrated its Centenary, and on 28th July 1848, a medal was struck for each member, bearing the names of the Master and Wardens, on one side, to whom the Warrant had been originally granted, and also the names of the members in 1848. On St. John’s Day the Minden Lodge, accompanied by the brethren of two other military lodges, went to church in procession, and afterwards sat down, in full Masonic costume, to a banquet. A stirring speech was delivered by Capt. South, who was that day installed as Master of the Lodge for the sixth time, in the course of which he said:- “I consider the Centenary of a Military Warrant, more particularly interesting than that of a civil one, which reposes quietly in the archives of a resident lodge. This precious relic has followed the fortunes of the Regiment through every clime. Thrice has it crossed the Atlantic to the shores of this important continent. It has been the sanction under which men have been made Masons in Europe, Asia, Africa and America, and has laid bare to them a conception of the beauties and excellencies of our Order. It has been everywhere with the Regiment, sharing in all its dangers and having for one hundred years braved the battle and the breeze, it stands there unscathed, except for the hands of time, an interesting record of the Fidelity, Fidelity, Fidelity of Masons.”

The 20th Regiment returned to India after 1850, and was there throughout the troublous times of the Mutiny, but the Lodge does not seem to have resumed work. In March 1865 the Provincial Grand Secretary of Bengal issued a circular letter making announcements as to the Warrant and property of the “Minden” Lodge, which were said to have been taken down to Calcutta by a brother who shortly after became insane, and was sent to England. The missing articles were supposed to have been left in Calcutta, but could not be traced. No returns were made to the Grand Lodge of Ireland after 1852, and enquiries failing to elicit any information . . . . [the notes end at this point]

Masonic Records, 1973. (3) “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by John Heron Lepper, in his paper printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (4) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (5) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as reprinted in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions for the Years 1949- 1957, printed 1959, Dublin. (6) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (7) History of St. Andrew’s Lodge, Halifax, NS, by R. V. Harris, 1920. (8) Freemasonry in the British Army, by Brother Captain William Thomas, published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997.(9) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the XXth Foot.]

REF: I42 Cameronians Lodge No. 26 IC, in the 26th (The Cameronians) Regiment of Foot 1823- 1914/22 REF: I42 Lodge No. 309 IC, in the 26th (The Cameronians) Regiment of Foot 1758-1823

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 309 on December 7, 1758, to the men of the 26th (The Cameronians) Regiment of Foot. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that the Grand Lodge Register shows three brethren registered at the time the Warrant was issued - Colin Gillies, Rob. Rea and Tho. Dacan - and that there was “No indication as to Master or Wardens”. It is probable, though, that the first named was Master, the second was SW and the third was JW. The 26th Foot was assigned to both Lower Canada and Upper Canada at various times. In 1788-90 the Regiment was at Quebec, Chambly, Isle Aux Noix and Montreal; 1791-92 at Niagara; and 1796-1800 at Quebec and Montreal. It is believed that Lodge 309 IC was working during these periods whenever sufficient members of the Lodge could be assembled. There is regrettably no reference to the Lodge in the surviving minutes and documents of the Provincial Grand Lodges of either Lower Canada or Upper Canada. A duplicate Warrant was issued in 1804 (Cochrane says “revived 1804”) at which time the Grand Lodge register shows 46 brethren registered. Cochrane notes that seven brethren were registered on April 27, 1805, the first three being Alex. Storror; Edw. Bills and Hu. Craig but with no indication of Master or Wardens. Sixty-four brethren were registered up to September 14, 1806. Lodge No. 309 IC worked on Gibraltar during the time that the Regiment was assigned to the garrison 1811-1822. Grand Lodge minutes dated December 1, 1814, note: “Read a report from Lodge 309 stating their having excluded Alexr. McMillan of said Lodge for desertion - Confirmed”. It is not clear whether this action occurred in Gibraltar, enroute or in England before departure.

Upon arrival at Gibraltar the Lodge apparently requested permission from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia to work and as a consequence they were required to pay dues to the Provincial Grand Lodge. This was reported to the Grand Lodge of Ireland who took umbrage at this situation - occurring as it did in the period after the Union of the Antients’ and Moderns’ Grand Lodges, when the United Grand Lodge of England was pressuring many of the Irish military Lodges to change their allegiance to England. On June 9, 1815 the Grand Secretary wrote to Lodge 309 IC as follows:

“I observe by yours that 309 made a report to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalucia, and took permission to set the Lodge to work, and they have exacted dues from your Lodge. In the first instance 309 had not the slightest reason or cause to report themselves, serving as they do under an independent authority nor should 309 take directions from or pay any dues to any such Provincial Grand Lodge which the Grand Lodges of England and of Scotland would not have either demanded or received and which our Grand Lodge have never demanded or received from any English when in Ireland. The necessary friendly and brotherly communication with the Provincial Grand Lodge we should be willing to pay with every respect to the authority of its local laws and regulations but certainly not any farther. Your own Grand Lodge does not take dues from military Lodges except when at home and it would be great hardship to submit to pay to an assumed authority what you are not bound to do to your legitimate one. I am sir and Bro. Your most obedient W. Graham. D. Grand Secretary.”

A copy of this letter to Lodge No. 309 IC was forwarded to the Grand Lodge of England by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalucia with the following letter dated June 14, 1815:

“I am directed by the R.W. Provincial Grand Master of Andalucia to forward you a copy of a letter received from the Grand Lodge of Ireland, (addressed to Lodge No. 309) held in the 26th Regiment of Foot and that it is the opinion of the R.W. Provincial Grand Lodge assembled that the above letter is couched in language highly unbecoming the O.B. of Freemasonry and tending very much to lead astray the Craft, we have therefore to request you will inform us, as the Provincial Grand Lodge was established by your sanction, whether a Lodge, civil or military working under the Grand Lodge either of England, Ireland or Scotland, during its residence in this garrison is not to attend the duties of the R.W. Provincial Grand Lodge and pay into its chests the same as all other Lodges under the sanction of this Province. I also wish to inform you that the other Lodges held under the same circumstances as No. 309, have never withheld their contributions, and we are very much surprised to see so respectable a body as No. 309 withhold theirs, as it must throw stigma on the Craft and render it difficult for the other Lodges of the garrison to combine with such Brotherly love and affection as they would otherwise do if that Lodge were not to withhold the above quarterly charitable contributions. I am etc. Thos. Clarkson. Secretary. P.G.L. Andalucia.”

Cochrane notes that Irish Grand Lodge records indicate that a further 182 brethren were registered up to February 17, 1823 and that Warrant No. 309 IC was returned on June 24, 182387, in exchange for Warrant No. 26, which was a reused number “26” by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, the original Lodge bearing this Warrant having apparently ceased to work88. This exchange enabled the Lodge to carry a Warrant with the same number as that assigned to the Regiment, a practice often attempted by ambulatory Lodges, but rarely successful. Cochrane says Warrant No. 26 was issued to “Lieut. John Brooks; Capt. Wm. Wacher & Lieut. Fras. Shearman (of Lodge 738) in the 26th Foot . . . 6 December 1810.” W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 26th Foot, indicates that this was Lodge for the Officers of the Regiment. The first WM of Lodge No. 325 IC (the first civilian Irish Lodge on Gibraltar89 whose Warrant was issued on September 7, 1826) was W. Bro. Daniel Durham, who had been initiated into Lodge No. 309 IC in the 26th (The Cameronians) and had been released locally (i.e. at Gibraltar) from military service in about 1822. The SW (Bro. Isaac Thompson); JW (Bro. Alexander Imbrie); Secretary (Bro. John Pratt) and one Charter Member, Bro. Robert Moravia; were from Lodge No. 68 IC, held in the 2nd Company, 7th Battalion of Royal Irish Artillery and which was one of the sponsoring Lodges for No. 325. The SD (Bro. Charles Causton) and one other Charter Member, Bro. John Wheatley, were members of Lodge No. 130 IC in the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot. The members from the Royal Artillery had also been released from service on Gibraltar and their unit had left. In addition, the Treasurer (Bro. Francisco Semonetti); JD (Bro. Joseph Baggetto) and Tyler (Bro. Giacomo Celicia) and Charter Member W. Bro. Thomas Varnor; were members of Lodge No. 715 ER, in the Gibraltar Ordinance Department, which had surrendered its Warrant in 1826. A truly wide-ranging group of Military Masons! Cochrane notes that Warrant No. 26 was returned to Grand Lodge on June 24, 1823 (when the

87 It is interesting that in one place in his notes, Cochrane shows Warrant No. 26 as being issued on December 6, 1810 to Lieutenant John Brooks, Captain William Wacher and Lieutenant Fraser Shearman of the 26th Foot. The Lodge is then called “The Cameronian”.Later he cites the date as June 24, 1823 in exchange for No. 309.

88 Bro. Laurence Dermott, one time Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Ireland and an accomplished Mason who supported the working of a large variety of Masonic degrees and orders, and who was Grand Secretary of the Antients Grand Lodge of England, had been Installed as Master of the Lodge on June 24, 1746.

89 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 122 Freemasonry in Gibraltar membership had fallen to two officers - Sheppard) and that it was “Reissued again to brethren in the 26th Foot . . . 24 June, 1823 in lieu of 309.” He states that the Warrant had been issued to Lieutenant John Brooks, Captain William Wacher and Lieutenant Fraser Shearman (all, apparently, members of Lodge 738 IC, held in the 23rd (Royal Welch Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot and warranted on June 9, 1808 but closed and the Warrant cancelled on July 5, 1821). Sheppard notes that at this time the Lodge adopted the name “Cameronians”. Cochrane writes that during 1834 the 26th Regiment and Lodge No. 26 were based at Meerut. Masons at Delhi applied to the Lodge for an “Irish Constitution” but were refused because Lodge No. 26 had already granted a Dispensation to meet to another Lodge and had not yet received approval from the Grand Lodge of Ireland for that act90; Cochrane gives no indication of the result of the request of the Delhi Masons. During the period December 19, 1836 to December 5, 1838, Cameronian Lodge exchanged Lodge visits with Lodge Humility with Fortitude Lodge, while that Lodge’s Regiment was also stationed in India. By 1838 the Regiment and Lodge were at Calcutta and a “Masonic Ball was given by Lodge No. 26.” Cochrane also cites that by 1844 the Regiment and Lodge were in the garrison at Edinburgh and the Lodge “being a visiting Stranger Lodge, under the rule of a Sister Grand Lodge, was placed near the Grand Lodge of Scotland.” Cochrane notes that the first entry for the Lodge in Volume 5 of the Grand Lodge Registers shows “No. 26, 26th Regiment of Foot. Registrations commence with a William Durgan registered 12 April, 1852 and he together with six others registered on different dates up to 12 July, 1854 are bracketed together with the following note: ‘Duplicate issued by order of Grand Lodge Feb. 1855.’ All these brethren were granted certificates on 19 October, 1854. A total of 72 brethren registered up to 19 September, 1859, every brother having recorded the date on which his certificate was issued.” Cochrane also notes a total of 174 brethren were registered up to October 17, 1899 and that usually the dates of degrees and the issue of Certificates is shown. On July 27, 1854, Lodge No. 26 IC, in the 26th (The Cameronians) Regiment of Foot, convened an Emergency Meeting, to install the Master and Officers of Independent Lodge, No. 237 IC, Quebec, Canada East. The then current Master, W. Bro. Booth opened the Lodge and W. Bro. Sergeant William Shepherd91

90 In the “early days” of military Lodges, such as at Louisbourg in June 1758 or Quebec in September 1759, it was quite acceptable for one Lodge to issue a Dispensation Warrant to masons (in another Regiment or military unit, or even civilians) to meet as a Lodge and to recommend the issue of a Warrant by the Grand Lodge of the sponsoring Lodge. By the 1830’s this action had become less acceptable to Grand Lodges and it is not surprising that Lodge No. 26 would have waited for their earlier action to be approved by Grand Lodge before embarking on the sponsorship of another Lodge, particularly when these Lodges were not in formal military units.

91 W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his publication “My Hero”, Segt.-Major William Shepherd, September 1992, notes that William Shepherd was born at Woolwich on September 22, 1819 where his father, William (a member of the Royal Artillery), had returned after the end of fighting in the Peninsula in 1814. The son, William, joined the Royal Horse Artillery on July 18, 1833, and was posted on March 1, 1835, as a gunner in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery. He was promoted to Bombardier on April 5, 1837. On April 27, 1838, Bombardier William Shepherd sailed to Canada with his Battalion. He spent over 14 years in Montreal and two years in Kingston, and was successively promoted to Corporal (October 5, 1842), Sergeant (April 1, 1846), Colour Sergeant (March 16, 1849), and Staff- Sergeant Major (September 22, 1855). He left for England on October 1, 1854 and provided training for artillery personnel during the expansion to fight the Crimean War. He was retired on September 21, 1858 after 21 years’ service, in possession of four good conduct badges and a Long Service medal. Immediately after leaving the Royal Artillery he was recruited as a 1st Class Pay-clerk in the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. He was promoted to Paymaster R. A. in May 1861 with a posting to Sheerness on the Isle of Sheppey (then a naval base with a dockyard, and a Royal Artillery garrison for defence). He was made Hon. Major on May 14, 1876 and went on half pay on March 13, 1878. He died at Cardiff on January 31, 1895, aged 75 years. His masonic career began in Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 296, ER, in the 1st Regiment of Foot, at Montreal, where he was initiated on July 4, 1839, passed on August 1, 1839 and raised on September 5, 1839. He was an affiliated member of Lodge No. 262, ER, in The King’s Shropshire Light Infantry (89th); a founder member of the Lodge of Social Friendship, No. 729, IC, in the 89th Foot and of Lodge of Integrity, No. 771, ER, in the 14th (The Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment of

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 123 was then seated as Installing Master. Cochrane notes that by April 1879 attendances were at a low level and meetings were sparse and rarely recorded in minutes. In fact he reports a break in the minutes between the last recorded on November 5, 1888 and 1909, although the Lodge revised its By-Laws in 1898 and sent a copy from Lucknow to the Grand Lodge for approval. By letter dated September 8, 1989, the Grand Secretary approved the new By- Laws. The Lodge met for the last time in 1914 although the Warrant was not returned to Grand Lodge until March 1922. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, lists “26th Ft., Cameronian (Lodge), 26, I., 1758” on page 405, in a listing entitled “Existing British Field Lodges, 1886”, which does not agree with Grand Lodge records as No. 309 IC had been issued originally and No. 26 IC was the then current Warrant. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, notes that a third Irish Warrant was issued in 1810 but provides no details. Irish records reflect the issue of only Nos. 309 and 26. Both Crossle and Cochrane note that the number “309" was used three times for Warrants by the Grand Lodge of Ireland after its original issue to the 26th Foot, including:

• Crossle lists an undated issue of 309 for a Lodge at Newtownwards, Co. Down (no date of being struck off the rolls is shown). Cochrane shows this issue as dated February 3, 1825 to hold Lodge in Ballyclare, Co. Antrim in exchange for their higher numbered Warrant “915”, and that “309” was then exchanged on October 6, 1825 for Warrant No. 177;

• Crossle lists an issue of 309 in 1835, for a Lodge at Newtownbreda, Co. Down (no date of being struck off the rolls is shown). Cochrane lists this issue as occurring on October 18, 1827 for the Lodge at Newtownbreda, Belfast, being sent in to Grand Lodge on October 29, 1858; and

• Crossle lists an undated issue of 309 for Ureka Lodge at Tubbermore, Co. Londonderry. Cochrane shows this issue on December 4, 1902, for Ureka Lodge, Tubbermore, Magherafelt, Co. Londonderry, and that as of 2000 the Lodge was “Current”.

Crossle also notes that the reuse of the number “26” for the 26th Foot was the third (Cochrane says second) in a series of six Warrants carrying this number which included. There are some major variations in reporting on the various issues of “No. 26" by both these researchers:

• Crossle lists the original issue of Warrant No. 26 in 1746 to hold a Lodge in Dublin. No date of cancellation is shown. Cochrane shows the issue as December 4, 1733 to hold a Lodge at Lestrand, Co. Sligo, and that Lawrence Dermott92 was Initiated and subsequently passed the Chair (i.e. was

Foot. On May 10, 1847 he received the 1834 renewal Warrant and Lodge regalia of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227, IC, in the 46th Regiment which was without sufficient members to continue working. With the approval of the Grand Lodge of Ireland he assumed the Mastership and established a permanent semi-military Lodge which is still operating presently as Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1, GRQ, Montreal. After returning to Woolwich in 1854 he affiliated with Union-Waterloo Lodge, No. 13, ER; and with his posting to Sheerness he joined Adam’s Lodge, No. 184, ER (originally No. 207, ER(A) from 1778 and presently No. 158, ER). In 1865 W. Bro. William Sheppard became a member and second Master of De Shurland Lodge, No. 1089, ER, Sheerness. In addition to his love of the Craft, W. Bro. Ray Shepherd notes that “it is known that he (W. Bro. William Shepherd) joined the Royal Arch, Mark, and I am sure the K. T. Degrees”.

92 Lawrence (or Laurence) Dermott was born in Ireland circa 1720. He was the first Grand Secretary and later Deputy Grand Master of the Antients Grand Lodge, which he helped establish in London in 1751. In 1756 Dermott published the Book of Constitutions of his Grand Lodge under the title of Ahiman Rezon, or a help to all

installed as Master of the Lodge) on June 24, 1746, although there “is no record of the Installation in Spratt”, this issue of No. 26 was erased by Grand Lodge on November 5, 1801;

• Crossle lists an issue of December 6, 1810, when “No. 26” was issued to hold a Lodge in London, England. No date of cancellation is shown. Cochrane does not show this listing although he notes that the Lodge “originally domiciled in Co. Sligo, migrated to Dublin, and later to London;

• Cochrane lists No. 26 issued December 6, 1810 in exchange for No. 309, in the 26th Foot. Surrendered to Grand Lodge in 1922;

• Crossle lists “No. 26” issued to hold a Lodge at Cork in 1831. Warrant surrendered in 1835 when the Lodge amalgamated with Lodge No. 1. Cochrane does not list this issue;

• Crossle lists “No. 26” issued to hold a Lodge at Ennis, Co. Clare in 1882. No date of cancellation is shown. Cochrane does not list this issue; and

• 1923. “No. 26” issued for St. Jude’s Lodge, Rosetta, Co. Down. Cochrane lists this issue as March 3, 1923, and that as of 2000, the Lodge is “Current”

In 1999, the Grand Lodge of Ireland was requested to determine the status of Warrants No. 309 and 26, as issued to the 26th Foot, with a view to obtaining copies should the originals still be in the archives. No copy of 309 is available. Grand Lodge was able to locate Warrant No. 26 and have provided a copy with the comment that “(it) is in bad condition and (has not) reproduced well”. Although the photocopy of the Warrant indicates that it is in a very deteriorated condition, it follows a similar format to that used for the reissue of Warrant No. 33 in the 21st Foot:

• the overall size is about 12” wide and 17” long;

• although there is much damage across the top it is possible to distinguish the title “GRAND LODGE OF IRELAND” arched over a cloud, a woman and two children. The all-seeing eye which is normally shining or focussed on the woman and children is not apparent due to the missing fragments across the top;

• across the bottom from left to right are a pilgrim with a cross and cup; and altar with a pillow on

that are or would be Free and Accepted Masons, containing the quintessence of all that has been published on the subject of Freemasonry. Several editions were published, the last, in 1813, being edited by the then Deputy Grand Master of the Antients, Thomas Harper, under the title The Constitutions of Freemasonry, or Ahiman Rezon. He was Initiated, Passed and Raised in Lodge No. 26 IC, at Lestrand, Co. Sligo (warranted December 4, 1733) although no date is clear. Dermott was installed as Master of Lodge No. 26 on June 24, 1746, by Charles Byrne, Sen. when Lodge No. 26 IC was meeting at the home of Thomas Allen, in Dublin. Although the Lodge was originally domiciled in Co. Sligo, it was moved to Dublin and later to London, perhaps as Dermott moved. Accusations that Dermott created the Royal Arch degree by “dismembering” the then Third degree is disproved as the Royal Arch was worked in London as early as 1744 and Dermott received the degree in 1746. Dermott was challenged in 1757 to prove his standing in Freemasonry and apparently produced a manuscript certificate signed by “Edwd. Spratt, G. S.”, under the seal of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. The Certificate reads “Bro. Charles Byrne, Master of No. 2 [EC], proved that Bro. Laur: Dermott, having faithfully served the Offices of Senr. and Junr. Deacon, Junr. and Senr. Wardens and Secretary, was by him regularly installed Master of the good Lodge No. 26 in the Kingdom of Ireland, upon the 24th day of June, 1746, and that all these Transactions were prior to Mr. Dermott’s coming to England.” [Sources: R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973; Albert G. Mackey, Encyclopaedia of Freemasonry, Masonic History Company, New York, 1924.]

which are a Volume of the Sacred Law, surmounted by a square and compasses arranged in the position of the Master Mason degree; and, partly obliterated in the right corner is a ruin with a female personage supporting a large anchor; and

• although only the left and bottom border is visible it is of an intertwined clover pattern with an Irish Harp in the right hand corner.

This format is the standard type used by the Grand Lodge of Ireland at this time in its history.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (5) The Poor Common Soldier, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by Bro. John Heron Lepper, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (6) Outlines of the History of Freemasonry in the Province of Quebec, by John H. Graham, 1892. (7) Early Canadian Freemasonry 1759-1869, by Pemberton Smith, P.M., O.R., 1939. (8) History of Freemasonry, R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (9) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (10) John Ross Robertson, The History of Freemasonry in Canada, 1899. (11) Historical overview of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar at www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325/fullhistory, which is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar. (12) “My Hero”, Segt.-Major William Shepherd, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, September 1992. (13) The Master- Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (14) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 IC, September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 26th Foot.]

Transcript of Warrant No. 26 IC issued to the 26th Regiment of Foot

Grand LODGE OF IRELAND

Leinster G.M. No. 26

By the Most Worshipful His Grace Augustus Fredk, Duke of Leinster GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful John ------(undecipherable) DEPUTY GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful Rt Honble John Lord Hutchinson Senior Grand Warden The Right Worshipful Most Noble Howe, Marquis of Sligo Junior Grand Warden And other the Right Worshipful Officers & Members of the GRAND LODGE of IRELAND in Open Grand Lodge Assembled

WHEREAS our trusty and Well beloved Brethren John (undecipherable), --- (undecipherable) and --- (undecipherable) have Besought us that we would be pleased to Erect a Lodge of Free Masons in His Majesty’s ------(undecipherable) of such persons who by their knowledge in Masonry may contribute to the true advancement thereof. We therefore having nothing more at heart than the Prosperity of Masonry and reposing special confidence in our said trusty and well beloved Brethren Do by these Presents constitute and appoint them the said John (undecipherable), --- (undecipherable) and --- (undecipherable) to be Master and Wardens of a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons to be holden in His Majesty’s Twenty-Sixth Regiment of Foot aforesaid by them and their Successors lawfully Admitted in said Lodge forever And We do hereby grant unto them and their Successors full Power and Authority to proceed from time to time to the Election of a new Master and Wardens in said Lodge Provided always that they said John (undecipherable), --- (undecipherable) and --- (undecipherable) and their Successors Do and Shall at all times hereafter pay implicit observance to and act and conduct the affairs of same in strict conformity to the now existing Laws of Masonry and to such other Laws and Regulations for the Government of the Craft as shall at any time hereafter be issued by the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ireland or in default thereof then and in such case reserving unto the said Right Worshipful Grand Lodge the full power and Authority of annulling and cancelling these Presents or otherwise proceeding in the premises as to them shall seem meet -

IN WITNESS whereof We have hereunto set our Hands and Seal of Office at Dublin the Metropolis of Ireland this twentyfourth day of June in the Year of our Lord God 1823 three Entered by me and of Masonry 5823 three (Signature undecipherable)

The condition of the photocopy of the Warrant from Grand Lodge leaves various parts of the Warrant unclear. Whether this is because of the condition of the original Warrant or the photocopier is unknown.

REF: I49 Lodge No. 260 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot 1809-1815 REF: I49 Lodge No. 985 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot 1808-1809 REF: I49 Lodge No. 260 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot 1807-1808 REF: E44 Lodge No. 6 PRAndalusia(A), in the 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot 1796- 1807? [now part of the Gloucestershire Regiment]

The Antients’ Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia, authorized the working of Lodge No. 6, PRAndalusia, probably in 1796, to be held in the 28th Regiment of Foot. This Warrant was issued under the authority of Provincial Grand Warrant, No. 220 ER(A), which had been issued on January 25, 1786 for the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia. Lodge No. 6 PRAndalusia was never registered on the books of the Grand Lodge of England (Antients) and no English Warrant was ever issued. [Source: C. Martin McGibbon, ASCA, Grand Secretary, The Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.] W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 28th Foot, indicates that this was an “N.C.O.’s Lodge”. The date of issue of Warrant No. 6 has been deduced by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard as “around 1804” in his May 1994 publication Masonic Lodges held in the 28th Regt. Gloucestershire Old Braggs. There is no date of issue shown in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 (the issue is referred to briefly on page 465 but with no clear date of issue). Warrant No. 8, PRAndalusia was issued to the 90th Regiment on December 14, 1796, and No. 4, PRAndalusia was issued to the 108th between May 17, 1794 and mid 1796 (when the 108th was re-raised and then disbanded). Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1887, shows “Nos. 6 and 9 Gibraltar, 1804” as a single entry when they were, apparently, two separate Warrants for two separate Lodges. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, p. 465, reads: “No. 6 Provincial. In the 28th Regiment of Foot. Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar (Ancients), No. 220, Warranted 25 January, 1786. [See page 156].” The entry on page 156 refers to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes with respect to the “inner history” of the Lodge that it took No. 6 of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalucia in 1786. Following its time at Gibraltar the 28th Regiment was assigned to the forces gathering under Lt. General Sir Ralph Abercromby93, landed at Aboukir Bay on March 8, 1801 under the command of Sir John Moore94, and drove French forces from the landing ground. On returning to the battles in Europe, the Lodge applied to the Grand Lodge of Ireland, for a Warrant. The request was apparently received by Alexander Seton, still the Grand Secretary, and he issued a new Warrant No. 260 IC in October 180795 ; Cochrane lists

93 Sheppard notes that Sir Ralph Abercromby had been initiated into Canongate Kilwinning Lodge (SC) in 1753.

94 Sheppard notes that Sir John Moore was a Freemason, who had been initiated into St. John’s Lodge, Halifax, when he was serving as a Captain in the 82nd Regiment. Although Sheppard does not make clear precisely which Lodge this is, it was probably No. 1 AYM, Halifax, which had been warranted prior to 1780 by the Moderns’ Provincial Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia, and then became St. John’s Lodge, No. 211 ER(A) in Halifax (1780-1814), becoming No. 265 ER, with a new Warrant issued following unification of the Antients and Moderns and which is still working as St. John’s Lodge, No. 2 GRNS, Halifax.

95 Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, shows that No. 260 IC was originally issued in the period February 23-August 2, 1755, probably to a civilian lodge; there is no record in the Irish Register. Warrant No. 260 IC was erased from the records about 1801, and appears to have come into the possession of Alexander Seton around 1807. This information is also reflected in R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane’s CD-ROM Update (June 2000) of Crossle’s Records.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 128 Freemasonry in Gibraltar the date as April 6, 1809 while Sheppard lists it as October 1807. Bro. Richard Reynolds, an Honorary Member of the Lodge, Past Master of Lodge No. 510 IC in the 1st Battalion, 28th Regiment of Foot, Quartermaster of the 1st Battalion, was the Installing Master for the new Lodge. In the returns to Grand Lodge the principal officers are shown as WM, Sergeant William Pass, SW, Sergeant Anty. Donney and JW, Sergeant Murdock McLeod (these Sergeants are noted in military records as having been in the 1st Battalion and transferred to the 2nd Battalion when it was formed96). By this time the Lodge must have realized that their Seton Warrant had a questionable value in Ireland and with the Regiment’s return they requested that the Warrant be regularized. [Note: Gould does not refer to this issuance of a “Munster Warrant”.] Cochrane notes that the Minutes of the Grand Lodge of Ireland for September 1, 1808 show the issue of a “Duplicate Warrant No. 985" for the men in the 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot. However, the members of the Lodge wrote Grand Lodge probably requesting that as the error was not theirs, that their original, and lower numbered Warrant, No. 260 IC be returned to them in lieu of No. 985. Grand Lodge agreed, withheld Warrant No. 985 in Dublin and (re)issued Warrant No. 260 to the 2nd Battalion, 28th Foot, on April 6, 1809. Cochrane’s notes regarding Warrant No. 260 show that the same three brethren: Sergeant William Pass, Sergeant Anty. Donney and Sergeant Murdock McLeod were registered with Grand Lodge but with no indication as to Master or Wardens. It is probable that Pass was the WM, Donney was SW and McLeod was JW. The history of the Lodge is not known in great detail. The 2nd Battalion fought throughout the Peninsula and French campaigns but are no indications whether Lodge 260 IC worked during this time. On returning to England the 2nd Battalion was placed in garrison at Brixham, pending disbandment. A Certificate dated February 9, 1814, signed by Sergeant John Ferguson, was issued to Bro. Thomas Griffith (as noted in other cases of “Certificates” this was likely a “Certificate of Standing” issued when the member left the Lodge). Returns to Grand Lodge dated August 10, 1814, list a further thirty-three names of members. Grand Lodge records note: “Warrant sold in Plymouth & Cancelled by order Grand Lodge 1st July 1815”. Cochrane shows July 6, 1815 as the date of cancellation. In Cochrane’s later notes on Australia Social Lodge, No. 260 IC, he comments that Lodge No. 260 IC in the 28th Foot was known as “Lodge Fore and Aft”97. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes the local Warrant in his list on page 40 but shows an incorrect year of issue of 1786. Warrant No. 260 IC continued to have a varied existence after 1815. Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, shows the reissue of No. 260 IC, on January 6, 1820, although Grand Lodge Minutes for July 4, 1822, refer to its issue for a Lodge in Sydney, NSW, Australia98. The Warrant was withdrawn on March 16, 1843 and restored on May 7, 1846. The Warrant was removed from the Printed Report in 1885, and the Sydney lodge received Warrant No. 0, from the new Grand Lodge of New South Wales. On September 3, 1888, the Lodge received a new Warrant as No. 1, GRNSW. Cochrane gives the listing of No. 260 IC for “Australian Social Lodge”, January 6, 1820. Crossle notes that Warrant No. 260 IC was again issued, on October 7, 1898, to Redhall Lodge, Ballycarry, Co. Antrim, Ireland. Cochrane notes the Lodge as “Current”. An enquiry was made to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1999 to obtain copies of Warrants No. 260 and 985 issued to the 28th Foot. The reply indicated that no originals or copies of either Warrant could be found in the archives.

96 W. Bro. Ray Sheppard lists the Warrant as being issued to the 2nd Battalion.

97 If this name is true, it would appear to be a local appellation which is not reflected in official records of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. It presumably refers to the Regiment’s headgear which has the Regimental number shown on the front and back to celebrate its action against French cavalry attacking it from the front and rear simultaneously at the siege against Alexandria (March 21, 1801) and the Regiment divided itself into two halves placed back to back to fight off the attack from both sides.

98 Cochrane notes under No. Lodge 260 IC, that the eight founder members of the Lodge were civilians who had been initiated into Lodge No. 218 IC, held in the 48th Foot.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Lodges held in the 28th Regt. Gloucestershire - Old Braggs, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, private publication, May 1994. (2) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Philip Crossle, P.G.S.D., published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (5) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (6) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by John Heron Lepper, in his paper printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (8) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (9) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 IC, September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 28th Foot.]

REF: E45 Lodge No. 9 PRAndalusia(A), in the 28th Regiment of Foot at Gibraltar 1804-???? [now part of the Gloucestershire Regiment]

In 1804 the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia (Antients), authorized the working of Lodge No. 9, Provincial (Antients) in the 28th Regiment of Foot, under the authority of its own Warrant, No. 220 ER(A), which had been issued on January 25, 1786. The Lodge was never registered on the books of the Grand Lodge of England (Antients) and no English Warrant was ever issued. The final disposition of the Warrant is unknown. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry shows “Nos. 6 and 9 Gibraltar, 1804” as a single entry when they were, apparently, two separate Warrants for two separate Lodges. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, page 465, is extremely brief and reads: “No. 9, Provincial. In the 28th Regiment of Foot. Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar (Ancients), No. 220, Warranted 25 January, 1786. [See page 156].” The second reference (p. 156) is the equally brief entry for the Warrant of the Provincial Grand Lodge.” Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, does not include this Warrant in his listing on page 40.

[Sources: (1) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (2) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (3) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 IC, September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 28th Foot.]

REF: I50 Lodge Glittering Star, No. 322 IC, in the 29th (The Worcestershire Regiment) Regiment of Foot, various locations 1870-present REF: I50 Lodge No. 322 IC, in the 29th Regiment of Foot, Halifax 1759-???? [now part of The Worcestershire and Sherwood Foresters Regiment (29th/45th Foot)]

Warrant No. 322 was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on May 3, 1759 to hold a Lodge in the 29th Regiment of Foot, which was then quartered at Kilkenny, Ireland. The Warrant was issued to George Macartney as Master, and Alexander Wilson and Joseph Alcock as Wardens and six other founding brethren. On February 10, 1761, four new members joined the Lodge; a further 17 by the end of 1761, thirteen in 1762 and two in 1763. Grand Lodge records indicate a total membership of 118 brethren by March 10, 1800. The Lodge was working in Halifax between 1765 and 1768 when the 29th Foot was based there. Following the assignment of the 14th Regiment to Halifax in June 1766, the two regimental lodges (211 IC and 58 ER(A)), fraternized with the three local lodges (Lodge No. 1 PRNS(A), held at Pontac’s; Lodge No. 2 PRNS(A), held at the Rowe Barge; and Lodge No. 3 PRNS(A)) as well as lodges in the 29th Foot (No. 322 IC) and 59th Foot (No. 243 IC and No. 5 PRNS(A), and possibly No. 500 IC whose date of issue is unclear and which may have been working at this time). It is possible that the Royal Arch degree was worked in Halifax as early as 1750 (by Lodge No. 192 IC in the 47th (Lascelle’s) Foot) and there is a reference by one Frederick Sterling, to his having received it in 1760. But Harris99 points out that “In the period 1765-68, there was much activity in the Royal Arch degree due principally to the presence here of the military lodges in the 14th, 29th, 59th and 64th Regiments100. A considerable number of civilian brethren in Halifax received the degree in these military lodges, including John George Pyke, later Grand Master of Masons.”. Harris (et al) also cite the recorded working of the Royal Arch and Knight Templar in Boston from 1768 onwards as providing an irresistible inference that these two degrees would have been worked in Halifax from 1765-68 by the same lodges. Philip Crossle has, in fact, stated that the brethren of Lodge Glittering Star were responsible for the introduction of “Templar Masonry” in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and in Boston, in 1765. With the general disturbances in New England, the 29th Regiment was despatched to Boston in 1768. Its arrival there brought the number of military lodges up to five (No. 106 in the 64th; No. 211 IC and No 58 ER(A) in the 14th Foot; No. 322 IC in the 29th Foot; and No. 243 IC in the 59th Foot). The members of St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 82 (SC), Boston, (a civilian lodge) desiring a Provincial Grand Lodge under the authority of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, drew together representatives of No. 82 SC; Lodge No. 106 SC (64th Foot); Lodge No. 58 ER(A) (14th Foot); and Lodge No. 322 IC (29th Foot); and petitioned the Grand Lodge of Scotland for the appointment of Dr. Joseph Warren as Provincial Grand Master and of Capt. Jeremiah French101 and Capt. Ponsonby Molesworth (the latter two being officers of the 29th Foot and members of Lodge No. 322, IC), as Senior and Junior Grand Wardens respectively. The signers of the Petition on behalf of Lodge No. 322 IC were James Brown, Master; Charles Chambers, SW; and Jas. Smith,

99 The Story of Lodge “Glittering Star” No. 322 (Irish) (1759-1966) and The Beginning of Knight Templary in Canada, by Reginald V. Harris, PSGM (Can.), Paper No. 86 in the Canadian Masonic Research Association, 1986.

100 These were: in the 14th Regiment, Lodges No. 211 IC and No. 58 ER(A); in the 29th Regiment, Lodge Glittering Star, No. 322 IC; in the 59th Regiment, Lodge No. 243 IC; and in the 64th Regiment, Lodge No. 106 SC.

101 History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925, notes on page 189 that Captain Jeremiah French later became Lieutenant-Colonel of the 29th Foot. His brother-in-law, Major Holt Waring of the 4th Regiment of Horse (later the 3rd Dragoon Guards and now part of The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards (Caribiniers and Greys)) was an active Mason and Grand Lodge officer, having served as Junior Grand Warden (1761), Senior Grand Warden (1762), Grand Treasurer (1762-1790) and Deputy Grand Master (1765 and 1766) of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. It also stated quite categorically that captain French was one of the members of Lodge 322 IC who attended the August 18, 1769 meeting in Boston.

JW. A commission was granted in May 1769, naming Dr. Joseph Warren102 as Provincial Grand Master of Massachusetts (Scotland) with jurisdiction over Antient Masons in Boston, New England and within 100 miles. He was duly installed at a meeting of the Massachusetts Grand Lodge in Boston on December 30, 1768, at Masons Hall, Green Dragon Tavern, Boston (see Grand Lodge of Ireland, Vol. 2, p. 327; 1 Mass. P. 226). Also attending the installation were the Master and Wardens of Lodge No. 322 IC and Lodge No. 58 ER(A). At the meetings of the Provincial Grand Lodge held on January 12 and March 2, 1770, the Master and Wardens of Lodge No. 322 IC recorded their attendance. [Note: On April 26, 1959, the Bicentenary Installation Ceremony of Lodge Glittering Star, a solid silver 24” gauge was presented to the Lodge by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts.] With regard to Knight Templary, Harris notes that “The most interesting and significant fact, however, in connection with the sojourn of (military) lodges in Boston is the record in the minutes of St. Andrew’s Royal Arch Lodge of August 28th, 1769, when it is recorded that William Davis, P.M. of Lodge No. 58 in the 14th Regiment received the four degrees of Excellent, Super-Excellent, Royal Arch and Knight Templar, these being “the four steps of a Royal Arch Mason”103. At this meeting there were present three brethren of Lodge No. 322 in the 29th, two others of Lodge No. 58 in the 14th Regiment, also three others, members of St. Andrew’s Lodge and Chapter, Boston, undoubtedly already in possession of these degrees. These minutes are the first record of the conferring of the Knight Templar degree in North America. Sir Charles A. Cameron, C.B. expresses the opinion that Lodge No. 222 “was by far the most likely source of these degrees (A.Q.C. XIII p. 156)”. The Lodge must have generally had little time to meet and R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD- ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that between 1763 and 1774 no new members were registered with Grand Lodge, and that on March 8, 1774, the next “batch” of 14 were Initiated. Initiations were not sustained at it was not until April 14, 1792, that the next “batch” of 12 members were initiated. Was the Lodge working in Quebec and Lower Canada during this period? It is unclear but possible as the 29th Regiment was in the garrison at Montreal in 1785 and at Niagara in 1786-87. There is no reference to Lodge No. 222 IC in the documents and minutes of the Provincial Grand Lodges of Lower Canada or Upper Canada. What is significant, however, regardless of the actual working of the Lodge is that Colonel Christopher Carleton of the 29th Foot was elected as Provincial Grand Master of the Moderns Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec in 1786. Regrettably he died later the same year. But the Royal Arch was worked up to at least 1802, according to Cochrane’s notes, “under the authority of a Charter of the Lodge of St. Andrew’s SC.” The 29th Regiment was absent from North America from 1787 until 1802 having been in the garrison on Guernsey. From 1802-7 the Regiment returned to Halifax, and Lodge No. 322, IC regularly worked the craft degrees as well as the Royal Arch degree. Minutes for 1805 and 1806 reveal several interesting items: (1) the Tyler was not a full-time Officer but was filled each meeting night by a regular member of the Lodge; (2) after working a degree, a Brother would give a lecture on the degree itself, which was referred to as having the degree “passed” by the brother delivering the lecture; (3) the Lodge was “Inspected” by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia who gave its approval to the Lodge, its business and its records; and (4) Jewels for the Past Master, Tyler and Steward were approved and purchased for the first time in 1806. In one piece of surviving correspondence, Sgt. George Buckley of the Lodge wrote to the Antients Grand Secretary, noting that he had been raised in Lodge No. 322 IC in Halifax, in 1806, “in the Antient

102 Dr. Joseph Warren was killed at Bunker Hill in 1775.

103 It is interesting to note the variation with the working of the various degrees in Ontario today. The “Excellent” degree is embodied in the Most Excellent Master degree (the second) in the three degree progression to the Royal Arch. The Super Excellent Master is part of the Royal and Select (i.e. Cryptic) Masters of Ontario. The Royal Arch degree comprises the Mark Master Mason, Most Excellent Master and Holy Royal Arch. The Knight Templar consists of three Orders - Illustrious Order of the Red Cross, the Order of Malta, and The Order of the Temple.

Establishment” but that as he had been returned to England and assigned to recruiting duties he had not received his certificate104. During this time Bro. Stott was Master of the Lodge, having replaced Bro. Robinson. The minutes for 1807 refer to the “rejection” (i.e. suspension for the evening) of Bro. Sgt. Walton. The last meeting at Halifax is shown as June 8, 1807. Lodge Glittering Star may have worked on Gibraltar during the assignment of the Regiment to the garrison there in 1808, engaged on “secret service”, although Cochrane reports that there are no records of meetings of the Lodge from the last meeting in Halifax until June 23, 1812. Three meetings were held in 1813 in Windsor. By 1822 the Regiment was in Dublin and Lodge 322 IC was recorded as meeting in the Richmond Barracks. A meeting on May 7, 1828, held at Port Louis, Mauritius, and written in the Minute Book, is the last one until 1855 when the then WM presented the Lodge with a replacement Volume of the Sacred Law, the previous one having fallen apart and been “buried in the River Ganges in 1853.” This event occurred when the 29th Foot was at Dinapore, India enroute to Burma. By 1831 a total membership of 190 is reflected in Grand Lodge records. The Lodge was dormant from 1831 until 1859. [Note: (1) Grand Lodge records indicate that no returns were received after 1835, although a duplicate Warrant was issued on November 13, 1854; (2) Robert Freke Gould in his History of Freemasonry, notes that the Warrant was returned in 1820 and renewed in 1854. Crossle notes that the date of the re-issued Warrant was November 13, 1854 Cochrane notes that the Renewal Warrant of November 13, 1854, was issued to “Bro. Colonel George Congreve of Lodge No. 596 (E.C.); Bro. Captain Hugh G. Colville, Lodge No. 609 (E.C.) and Bro. Captain Augustus A. Dick of the Scottish Constitution.” Elsewhere Cochrane shows Captain Dick as belonging to No. 1 SC. He also notes that seven other brethren were registered but identifies only Bro. Henry Evans Quinn of Lodge No. 201105. Cochrane explains that it is probable that the Lodge Chest containing the Warrant and other Lodge paraphernalia was discovered by Captain H. G. Colville of the Regiment at Dinapore. Colville apparently wrote to the District Provincial Grand Master of the N. W. Provinces, India (under the English Constitution), and sought his advice for (re)establishing Lodge No. 322 IC. The original letter is no longer in existence, but a Petition was forwarded to the Grand Lodge of Ireland containing the

104 The letter reads as follows: “Rochdale, March 29th, 1810. Worshipful Brother, I hope you will the goodness to excuse the liberty I have taken in addressing your Worship on the occasion, but being raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason in 1806, at Halifax, Nova Scotia, British North America by Worshipful Brother John Robertson, Master of No. 322 in the Antient Establishment, held in the 29th Regiment of Foot, immediately on our return to England I was ordered on the Recruiting Service, and have never obtained my Certificate, should you deem this application worthy of Notice, I should be much obliged to you for Remitting my Certificate to me at this place, as the Regt. Has been and is yet abroad, in Portugal and Spain and I have no opportunity of applying to it for obtaining the same. I remain your obedient, Humble Servant & Brother. George Buckley Sergeant 29th Regiment. N.B. Private Edward Golding, is belonging the said Lodge, and is situated in the same manner as I am, never having his certificate, is at this time with me and has been ever since we came from a foreign station, would be much obliged for the Remittance of his at the same time, and inform us by Letter or otherwise of the amount of the Fees, and shall be remitted by return post. Records of Lodge Glittering Star indicate that the WM referred to was John Robertson, Sergeant Major, 29th Regiment, WM 1805; SW June and December 1805. He died of wounds after the battle of Albuhera, 16th May 1811. The writer of the letter (to the wrong Grand Lodge) was George Buckley, born at Ashton under Lyme. He served 16 years 322 days, held the rank of Sergeant for 11 years 320 days before being discharged at York Depot in 1814, he was wounded on the right thigh, in Holland on 27th August, 1799. When discharged he was about 36 years old and 6’½” tall, dark hair, hazel eyes, pale complexion, and by way of a trade, a Weaver. He was raised, as stated in the letter on June 2, 1805. Private Edward Golding was born in Liverpool and enlisted at the age of 24 years for unlimited service on December 31, 1793. He was raised to Sergeant in the Regiment, a rank he held for over five years, before being discharged, “Old and Worn OUT”. Total service, 22 years, 354 days. [Source: 1996 historical handout of Lodge Glittering Star]

105 Warrant No. 201 was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on April 3, 1846 to hold a Lodge at Nenagh, Co. Tipperary. The Lodge is still working in 2000 although in 1946 it had been moved to Limerick, Co. Limerick.

DPGM’s positive reply, along with a letter containing the permission of the 29th’s Commanding Officer, Lt.- Col. G. Congreve, and a full report on the circumstances surrounding the Chest and contents and its discovery. Thus it was that two English Masons and one Scottish Mason resurrected an Irish Lodge. By late 1853 the 29th Foot was at Thayetmyo, Burma, about 275 miles north-west of Rangoon on the Irrawaddy River. Cochrane’s summary indicates that Lodge meetings during this period were held in officers’ houses in Rangoon but from November 1853 onwards the Lodge met in the local Library at Thayetuke even though the Warrant had not been received. He later states that the establishment meeting for the Lodge was held on April 4, 1855, in the house of Bro. Ross, Brigade Major at Thayetmyo. In 1856 Lodge No. 322 supported the establishment of a new Lodge (probably civilian although the minutes do not make this clear) and on April 25, 1856, Lodge No. 322 installed and invested the WM (Captain Cooper) and officers of the new “Lodge Astrea”, No. 972 ER. The meeting of November 5, 1856 was supposed to be the last to be held in the Far East as the 29th Foot was to be replaced by the 53rd Foot; the 29th being assigned to Fort William (via Rangoon and Calcutta). The move did not occur and meetings continued at Thayetuke for another nine months, there was, however, a delay in the Installation of the new WM, Bro. Middleton until January 13, 1858. The Minutes for February 4, 1857, record that the SW, Bro. Middleton, presented a dagger for the Inner Guard and a regulation sword for the Tyler. Cochrane notes that although 35 members joined the Lodge in 1855 and 1856, twelve had resigned from the Lodge within two years - it is likely that these resignations were from Lodge members who resigned (or were retired) from the 29th Foot at the time it was ordered to Fort William. There appears to have been a three-year hiatus for the Lodge. In 1859 the Lodge was again “revived”, this time under the name “Glittering Star”. Crossle notes that “11th September, 1878, . . . for the first time, they (the minutes) are headed ‘Glittering Star Lodge 322’.” Difficulties in resuscitating the Lodge continued. Cochrane records that: “In the year 1864 the 29th Foot was quartered at Newry and on the 6th October, our Lodge [No. 18 IC106] was visited by Bros. Wm. (possibly William) Scott and Fredk. (possibly Frederick) Middleton, who “expressed their intention of resuscitating” the Regimental Lodge No. 322, when “it was resolved that any assistance that they may require will be afforded by No. XVIII.” The meeting of Lodge No. 322 IC on October 19, 1864, is interesting for several reasons: (1) only five Brethren attended; (2) of the five, one was from Lodge No. 369 ER, one from No. 215 IC, and three from No. 124 SC (that is, none were from Lodge No. 322); (3) with the permission of the Commanding Officer and help from Lodge No. 18 IC, they met “for the election of officers or any other business.” A further meeting on November 2, 1864 saw the election of officers for the ensuing six months, of which only one, Bro. Captain Keebone (elected as SD), was a member of Lodge No. 322 IC. According to Cochrane, Bro. Keebone was not in attendance at the Installation Meeting held on December 27, 1864. On the 5th January, 1865, “a letter was read from Bro. Grace, 29th Regiment, Secretary to Military Lodge, No. 322, in which the members of that Lodge expressed their thanks to Lodge XVIII for their kindness in assisting to re-open that Lodge and particularly to Past Master Bro. J. F. Erskine, for his readiness in affording assistance at all times.” Bro. Middleton, here referred to, afterwards became Major-General Sir Frederick D. Middleton KCMG, C.B.”107 By September 1865 the Lodge was meeting in Malta where the 29th Foot had been posted. The last meeting on Malta was held on March 9, 1867. On July 2, 1867, the 29th Foot and its Lodge embarked on board HMS Tamer for conveyance to Canada.

106 Warrant No. 18 (or XVIII) was dated May 4, 1809 and was issued to hold “Nelson Lodge” in Newry, Co. Down. It is still current on the register of the Grand Lodge of Ireland.

107 It is not clear when Frederick (Fred) Middleton joined the army. In early 1858 he was a Captain in the 29th Foot and took part in the relief of Lucknow during the Indian Mutiny. It was here that he first met and fought beside Gunner Thomas Bland Strange of the Royal Artillery. Strange would eventually become the senior Artillery Officer in the Canadian Army and Middleton would become the General Commanding Canadian Militia. During the Northwest Rebellion, both would again collaborate on the activities of the military forces sent west to quell Louis Riel and restore “law and order”.

The Regiment and Lodge Glittering Star served in Canada from 1867 at Montreal, Kingston, Hamilton and London, later in Toronto and finally in Halifax, from which it embarked in October 1868 for Jamaica. Cochrane mentions only three meetings at this time in Canada: at Hamilton (May 5, 1868 when a Third Degree and Installation took place) and at Point Levis, opposite the Quebec Citadel (September 8, 1869 for election of officers and October 16, 1869 where degrees were worked and Installation took place). The 29th departed Quebec on October 28, 1869 on HMS Tamer for Jamaica but were forced to transfer to HMS Orontes at Halifax to complete the journey. The first meeting in Jamaica was held at Newcastle on May 7, 1870, when the Lodge membership is recorded as 18. A Letter from Grand Lodge dated September 17, 1870 was received with the first ever Past Master’s Certificate received by the Lodge, for W. Bro. Bray. On November 29, 1870 the 29th sailed for Barbados and Glittering Star held its next meeting on December 27, 1870 on that Island, when Officers were elected. Installation occurred on January 11, 1871 when the total membership was recorded as 21 with 14 members abroad “on detached duty”. The last meeting on Barbados was held on July 6, 1871, after which the 29th returned to Ireland. The next series of meetings of the Lodge (August 1871 until June 1874) were held at Templemore; June 1874 to June 1875 in Dublin, Ireland. On November 17, 1875, the Lodge met at St. Peter’s, Jersey; and two meetings in 1876 in the Chatham area. The construction of new regimental barracks at Norton (near Worcester) promised to provide some stability for both the Regiment and the Lodge. The opportunity to be more relaxed in their meetings, without having to be constantly on the move, enabled the Secretary of the Lodge to begin using the Lodge name “Glittering Star Lodge 322” from September 11, 1878, onwards. Early in 1879 the 29th Foot moved to Dover where four Lodge meetings were held; thence to Portsmouth where officers and men embarked on board HMS Serapis for India. The next Lodge meeting, on April 7, 1880, was at Mhow. Meetings here indicate that candidates were often given three degrees at one meeting and that there was examination of the preceding degree before the next would be conferred. The first point was that working all degrees at once was not uncommon, particularly for military Lodges which were subject to movement; and the second point, of testing the candidate, was a common routine for English and Scottish Lodges rather than Irish ones, and it is likely that Glittering Star was working a hybrid of degrees. For the next nine years the Lodge worked in a variety of locations in India and attendance at meetings appears to have been about twenty members. The meeting of June 21, 1890 saw the balloting for membership of Sergeant Carleton of the 29th Foot; W. Bro. Carleton died in 1950 and is remembered in the “Carleton Jewel” which is worn by the presiding Master. In the summer of 1899 the 29th Foot was assigned to Guernsey but then reassigned to South Africa with the outbreak of the Boer War. This period saw the Regiment raise two additional regular service Battalions—the 3rd and 4th—and the distribution of officers and senior NCO’s played havoc with Lodge membership. At this time the Lodge had 14 members belonging to the 1st Battalion, seven of whom were transferred to the new 3rd Battalion, thus placing the majority of Lodge members there. A decision was subsequently made to “house” the Lodge in the new 3rd Battalion, and approved by Grand Lodge. Meetings began at Aldershot on February 9, 1900 and lasted until June 22, 1900. The next meetings began in October 1891 and lasted until September 10, 1904, at Tipperary, Ireland. It was in Tipperary on January 24, 1903, when W. Bro. The Rev. Canon Denis Hanon of the Provincial Grand Lodge of the South-eastern Area was Installed as Master of the Lodge. At the meeting of February 12, 1904, the Lodge recorded its appreciation to W. Bro. Lieutenant-Colonel Hilton, a 25-year member, who was forced to sever his connection with Lodge Glittering Star on his retirement. By November 18, 1904, the Lodge was again meeting at Dublin and over the next three years the number of members joining the Lodge from the 1st Battalion led to its transferral back to the 1st. The minutes of March 9, 1907, refer to instructions to the brethren on the working of the First Degree according to the “Irish Ritual”, a first indication that the working of the Lodge was at variance with whatever constituted “Irish Working” at that time. In October 10, 1910, the 1st Battalion (with the Lodge) was moved to Newport, Isle of Wight, remaining there until the spring of 1913, when it was moved to Alexandria, Egypt. By the spring of 1914 the Regiment was in Cairo and the Lodge met there. From June 8, 1914 until June 12, 1920 there is another gap in the Minute Book indicating that Glittering Star was unable to meet due to the dispersal of the Regiment in smaller units during World War

I. The Lodge’s first post-war meeting was held on June 12, 1920, at Freemasons’ Hall, Nazirabad, India. Cochrane indicates that this was an interesting as all the active-service members of the Lodge had been killed during the war and the only ones alive were those who were too old for active service. The Installation of officers included only one Irish Mason (who did not belong to No. 322) and others of the English Constitution. Six members affiliated from Lodge No. 594 SC, and one each from Lodges 118 ER, 415 ER and 107 IC. Throughout the 1920’s the Master of the Lodge was W. Bro. Charles Inwood and he encouraged previous members of the Lodge who had dropped out for many reasons, to affiliate with the Lodge, and they were subsequently placed on a list of “Absent Members”. W. Bro. Inwood was followed by W. Bro. Lieutenant H. U. Richards, W. Bro. Inwood serving as Secretary, Treasurer and even Master of the Lodge until his retirement from the Army in 1929 (in 1927 W. Bro. Inwood was appointed Past Senior Grand Deacon of the Grand Lodge of Ireland). In 1923 the 29th Foot relieved the Seaforth Highlanders at Meerut, as the British Infantry Unit of the 3rd Indian Cavalry Brigade, in the United Provinces District. The District was then commanded by W. Bro. Major-General Sir George McKenzie Franks108 who subsequently became an Honorary Member of Lodge Glittering Star. The departure of the Master from Meerut, the only other Irish Mason in the Lodge, saw the Chair devolve to W. Bro. Inwood. By late 1926 the 29th Foot moved to Allahabad. In October 1929 the Regiment was at Shanghai109 and left in January 1931 for Crownhill, Devon and their final settling in assignment at Crownhill Barracks, Plymouth after eighteen years abroad. The early 1930’s proved a difficult time for Lodge Glittering Star and the first meeting in England did not occur until August 8, 1931 and the third meeting was held on February 13, 1932. Installation in February 1933 saw a very small turnout of available members and the next meeting was not held until January 27, 1934. In early 1935 the 29th Foot moved to Aldershot and at the meeting of March 9, 1935, 28 members were in attendance. Ten meetings were held in 1936. The meeting of December 12, 1936 was delayed as the Regiment was on duty in London in connection with the Proclamation Ceremonies for HM King George VI, following the Abdication of King Edward VIII. The installation meeting of March 31, 1937 was held at Farnborough, attended by 26 members, and nine more meetings were held that year. The Master for 1938 was installed at Farnborough on February 12, 1938. On June 3, 1938, Lodge Glittering Star, No. 322 IC held the first and only Masonic lodge meeting in the Tower of London. The 1st Battalion of The Worcestershire Regiment (29th Foot) was then in garrison in the Tower. At that time Field Marshal Sir Claud Jacob, G.C.B., was Constable of the Tower and Colonel of the Regiment. He was also a Past Senior Grand Warden of the United Grand Lodge of England, and an Honorary Member of Lodge Glittering Star. Bro. Rt. Hon. the Earl of Donoughmore, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, opened the Lodge, and was supported by the presence of Bro. Rt. Hon. Lord Saltoun, Past Grand Master Mason of Scotland, and Bro. General Sir Francis Davies, Deputy Grand Master of England and concurrently Provincial Grand Master of Worcestershire. The business of the meeting included the installation of absent officers from the February 12 meeting, and the initiation of Colour Sergeant Joseph White of the 1st Battalion. The next meeting, July 9, 1938 was the last to be held by the Lodge for 10 years as the 1st Battalion was on assignment and many of its rank and file were transferred to other units, or used in small detachments. Post war assignments in the Middle East and Europe also prohibited a Lodge meeting as insufficient masons could be assembled to meet. A meeting in 1948 in Berlin, by five Sergeants who were members of the Lodge, led to an action plan to resuscitate Lodge Glittering Star again, before Grand Lodge called in the Warrant. A search revealed that the Warrant and regalia, which had been in the keeping of W. Bro. Inwood until his death in 1943, had been deposited in the Regimental Museum. It was planned to hold a Lodge meeting on July 3, 1948, the day of

108 W. Bro. Major-General Sir George McKenzie Franks was subsequently Provincial Grand Master of Wicklow and Wexford.

109 Cochrane describes the Shanghai setting as a very cosmopolitan one from a Masonic perspective with Lodges of six Grand Jurisdictions meeting and working in the city, although he only specifies England, Ireland and Scotland. It is likely that at least two, if not three, American Grand Jurisdictions were also represented.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 137 the Regimental Reunion, and in the event a small informal meeting of 12 members of the Lodge was held (a further 16 members had written in support of reactivating the Lodge but were unable to attend the meeting). A formal meeting followed at which Bro. Captain C. E. Shrimpton, the only member of the Lodge still on the Active List of the 29th was elected as Master. In late 1948 the 1st Battalion The Worcester Regiment was assigned abroad and would not return to England for thirteen years. As a consequence the Lodge remained at Norton Barracks and met throughout the thirteen year absence of the 29th. In 1959 Glittering Star celebrated its bicentenary at an installation meeting held at Norton Barracks, attended by the DGM of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, the AGM of the Grand Lodge of England, and a PGMM of Scotland. Attendees included 75 members of the Lodge, and members of Irish Military Lodges in the 4th/7th Dragoon Guards (St. Patrick’s Lodge, No. 295 IC), The King’s Dragoon Guards (Waterloo Lodge, No. 571 IC), the 8th Royal Irish Hussars (Leswaree Lodge, No. 646 IC), and the 5th Inniskilling Dragoon Guards (Charity Lodge, No. 570 IC). Membership was noted as being “over one hundred and was undoubtedly in a very flourishing condition” (Cochrane). By 1961 it was realized by both the Lodge members and also Grand Lodge that the Lodge Warrant called for the Lodge to “be in the 29th Regiment of Foot” and action was taken to attract more serving officers, Warrant Officers and Sergeants. Members were called to meet with officers of the Grand Lodge of Ireland where the requirement to keep the Lodge ambulatory, as per the 1904 Concordance, was emphasized. Unless it was ambulatory it was likely that the United Grand Lodge would call for the Lodge to cease working in its Jurisdiction as a stationary Lodge. Thus, a “journey party” from the Lodge at Norton Barracks travelled to Minden, Germany, each person taking and being responsible for a portion of the Lodge paraphernalia. The first meeting of the Lodge in the 1st Battalion was held and in the absence of a Past Master (Irish) of the Lodge, W. Bro. Warrant Officer J. J. S. Joyce, Master of British Service Lodge ‘Britannia’, No. 843 GC110, occupied the East. From April 1963 until August 1964 Glittering Star was with the Regiment at Minden, Western Germany, but began meetings in England with the return of the Regiment to Lee Medford Barracks, Lydd, Kent in early 1965. By the end of 1965 the Regiment and Lodge were assigned to Gibraltar. The difficulties of continuing to work in an active military unit - fifteen members were in The Worcestershire Regiment and fourteen were serving in other units - saw total membership reduced to a handful. The frequent movements of the Regiment—Gibraltar, England, Berlin, Northern Ireland—and the constant transfer of officers and NCO’s into and out of the Regiment, for the next twenty years played havoc with regular meetings. In many cases members of the Lodge moved so frequently that the Secretary’s address list was never really accurate. When abroad, the English members were unable to attend Lodge. Dues went unpaid, and in many cases were not even called for by the Lodge, and Dues and fees owed to Grand Lodge went unpaid. This led to another round of effort to re-establish the Lodge in the Midlands, rather than having it travel with the 1st Battalion of The Worcester Regiment and an arrangement was worked out with United Grand Lodge and the Provincial Grand Lodges of Staffordshire, Warwickshire and Worcestershire, who “kindly allowed the Lodge to use its Travelling Warrant within those Provinces whilst the Regiment was in Germany without sufficient Lodge members to hold a meeting. This Lodge is still working at the present time and is only one of two “Travelling Military Lodges” still in existence (the other is St. Patrick’s Lodge, No. 295 IC in the 4th/7th Royal Dragoon Guards). In keeping with the authority of its Warrant, Lodge Glittering Star meets in various locations in England during the masonic year. An enquiry was made to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1999 to obtain a copy of Warrant No. 322. The reply indicated that no copy of the Warrant could be found in the archives. A request is being made to Lodge Glittering Star to determine whether they have a copy of the (existing) Duplicate Warrant No. 322.

[Sources: (1) Outlines of the History of Freemasonry in the Province of Quebec, by John H. Graham, 1892.

110 German Constitution.

(2) Early Canadian Freemasonry 1759-1869, by Pemberton Smith, P.M., O.R., 1939. (3) History of Freemasonry, R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) John Ross Robertson, The History of Freemasonry in Canada, 1899. (6) 1996 historical handout of Lodge Glittering Star; Lodge Summons for May 23, 1996. (7) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (8) The Story of Lodge “Glittering Star” No. 322 (Irish) (1759-1966) and The Beginning of Knight Templary in Canada, by Reginald V. Harris, PSGM (Can.), Paper No. 86 in the Canadian Masonic Research Association, 1986. (9) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 IC, September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 29th Foot.]

REF: E46 St. Johns Lodge No. XIII PRCoromandel, in the 30th Regiment of Foot 1822-1832 REF: I51 Lodge No. 30 IC, in the 30th Regiment of Foot 1805-1823 REF: I51 Lodge No. 85 IC, in the 30th Regiment of Foot, (Louisbourg, Halifax and other locations) 1738-1805 [now part of The Queen’s Lancashire Regiment]

The earliest recorded Military Lodge to work anywhere in North America was No. 85 IC in Colonel Harward’s Regiment of Foot (later the 30th (Frampton’s) Regiment of Foot), which was warranted on May 30, 1738 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland111. No entries are found on the Grand Lodge Register as no names were provided in accordance with the Irish by-law governing Ambulatory Lodges. There are no records of the Lodge in the records of the Grand Lodge of Ireland until 1787. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes this Warrant in his list on page 40 but shows a date of 1735 vice 1738. Although a detachment of 300 men of the Regiment was stationed in the garrison at Louisbourg in 1746 (supplementing the 28th, 29th and 45th Regiments of Foot) it is not clear if the Lodge accompanied it at that time as the Lodge usually remained with the main body of the Regiment. Under the terms of the Treaty of Aix La Chapelle of 1748, Louisbourg was returned to the French; the 300 man detachment being incorporated into the 29th Foot. Little is known about the early working of this Lodge although its Minute Book for the period 1757- 1764 was held in the Iowa Masonic Library (source: Iowa Bulletin, August 1805)112. An interesting background of Lodge No. 85 IC appears in The History of Freemasonry in Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, by Leslie R. Harborne and Robin L. W. White, 1990. The authors note on page 3 that “The first recorded minute states that the Lodge met on 23rd November 1757 at the Royal Oak in Reading ‘in order to revive No. 85 Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons when the annex’d brethren were chosen officers of said Lodge - Henry Norton Jevers, M (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); John Wright, SW (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); Peter Margarett, JW (name appears only in Reading minutes); Thomas Bothwell, SD (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); Alex McBride, JD (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes).’”. The Lodge worked in Reading until April 3, 1758, after which it moved to the Dolphin in Canterbury. In December 1759 the Lodge met at Hilsea Barracks, Portsmouth; in 1760 it was at Exeter, Plymouth Dock and Gibraltar, where it settled. During the period the Lodge was at Reading the following members joined (i.e. affiliated) or were initiated: Frank Hogan (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); George Poole (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); Austin Kinglock (name appears

111 Whence Come We? Freemasonry in Ontario 1764-1980, Edited by The Special Committee on the History; Wallace McLeod, Chairman, published by the Grand Lodge A. F. & A. M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario, 1980, notes on page 7 that “(5) The Grand Lodge of Ireland warranted no civilian lodges in the colonies before the Revolution, but was, as we have seen, the largest issuer of “travelling” warrants to regimental lodges. The earliest military lodge to work in North America was No. 85 I.C., in Frampton’s (30th) Regiment of Foot; it was stationed in the garrison at Louisbourg, Cape Breton Island, in 1746.” It should be recalled that this is true for Irish Lodges but there were earlier military Lodges, per se, and researchers such as R. V. Harris note that there is reason to believe that a Lodge in the 40th Foot was working at Port Royal as early as 1721, although this date, too, may be too early and 1738 a more appropriate one (see notes on Lodges in the 40th Foot.

112 R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update of Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that the Minute Book is 6½ x 8 inches, and contains 144 pages. It was presented to the Grand Lodge of Iowa in 1898 by Bro. F. L. Crosby, of 79 Bodegones, Lima, Peru, who adds the initials “P.G.M.” to his signature. In a covering letter address to Bro. Theodore S. Parvin, the founder of the Iowa Masonic Library, Bro. Crosby says he wished to add this mite to “that great Masonic Library that is an honour to you and the Craft.” The Minute Book, he continues, “was the property of an Englishman, an enthusiastic Mason, who was for many years Grand Secretary of the Supreme Council of the A&A Scotch Rite, whose Library was purchased by me after his death.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 140 Freemasonry in Gibraltar in Reading and Canterbury minutes and he was a known member of Lodge No. 73 ER(A) at Reading113); Josiah Chandler (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes and he was a known member of Lodge No. 73 ER(A) at Reading); Thomas Alford (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes and he was a known member of Lodge No. 73 ER(A) at Reading); Charles Lambdon (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); Thomas Early (name appears in Reading minutes only); Charles Abbot, Gentleman (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); William Marshall (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); John Miller (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); William Pace (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes and he was a known member of Lodge No. 73 ER(A) at Reading); Alexander Colwell (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); ------Scott (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); ------Skinner (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); ------Taylor (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes); and ------Knockhold (name appears in Reading and Canterbury minutes). Grand Lodge records indicate that a document was issued by Lodge No. 85 IC on Dominica, on May 1, 1787, to Bro. Erasmus Browne, certifying that in addition to being a Master Mason, he had attained the Royal Arch and other (unspecified) degrees114. The members of Lodge No. 85 IC took in members to the Lodge who were not members of the Regiment (or, indeed, of any regiment in the British army). On July 4,1793 the minutes of the Grand Lodge of Ireland note: “Read a Lettr. from No. 20, 25, 53, 132 and 176115 - held in Liverpool & under the Sanction of the G. L. of England116, stateing that No. 85 under this G.L. & held in sd. town had done & continue to make Masons for small & paltry considerations - Ordered that the said Lodges do call No. 85 before them & enquire more fully into the said Charges & report thereon”. Grand Lodge minutes for August 1, 1793 report “Read a Lettr. from sundry Lodges in Liverpool containing the Wart. No. 85 . . . . Ordered that the thanks of this R. W. Lodge be conveyed to the said Lodges for their exertions and attention to the Masonic Order.” It is not clear what final disposition was made for Warrant No. 85. Grand Lodge records indicate that the Lodge fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 1793117, that it was present when Bastia was captured on May 22, 1794, and that on November 7, 1805118, Alexander Seton accepted Warrant No. 85 in exchange for a new Warrant as No. 30. Cochrane notes that “John F. Kinfsley [sic. Kingsley], William Stewart and David

113 Warrant No. 73 ER(A) was issued on January 17, 1759 to hold a Lodge at Reading. The actual meeting place is not known. The Lodge expired sometime between 1759 and December 20, 1771 when the Warrant was reissued to Freemasons in Reading. This (second) Lodge lapsed in 1775. The Warrant was reissued in 1808 to hold a Lodge at Framlingham, Suffolk.

114 See also History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925, page 125.

115 These five Antients Lodges were held in Liverpool under sanction from the Grand Lodge of England. No. 25 ER(A) still meets in Liverpool as St. George’s Lodge, No.32 ER; No. 53 ER(A) still meets as Humber Lodge, No. 57 ER, Hull; and No. 276 ER(A) still meets as Ancient Union Lodge, No. 203 ER, Liverpool. The other two Lodges lapsed.

116 The Antients’ Grand Lodge.

117 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85 IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 IC (1791-1821).

118 W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 30th Foot, notes that Warrant No. 85 was returned to Grand Lodge in 1793 in exchange for No. 30. Cochrane’s notes regarding the exchange through Alexander Seton are based on Grand Lodge records and registers and appears the more likely date.

Glaso, may have been Master and Wardens. John Gowan, Wm. ? and another registered 7 November, 1806 are the only other names recorded.” Cochrane notes Transactions of the Grand Lodge of Ireland on Thursday, June 5, 1806, when a Committee of Grand Lodge was established to hear charges against the G.T. (presumably the Grand Tyler). Bro. Kingsley, W.M. of Lodge No. 30 IC, was next examined and claimed partiality by the Chair on the night of the appointment of the Committee. This section is concluded by Cochrane with the entry “Grand Lodge of Ireland; 27th Dec. 1806, to 27th Dec. 1807. (Revolt) Alex. Seton Esq., D.G.S. in a/c with G.L.” - a reference to the “Dissenting Grand Secretary, Alexander Seton, and the formation of the “Schismatic” Grand Lodge of East Ulster. The Grand Lodge of Ireland met on August 6, 1807, and read a letter from (Brother) John Leech regarding Seton’s “revival” of Warrant No. 30 to the Lodge in the 30th Foot while on “Dublin duty”. The revival appears to have been done by Seton and Bros. John Leech and John Boardman, and that the Warrant “was installed by Brother Jaffrey, assisted by the same Bros. John Leech and John Boardman”. The records show that this action was “opposed strenuously by the Master of No. 30.” However the action of the issue of No. 30 to the 30th Foot was allowed to stand by Grand Lodge and meetings carried on, although there are few references to any minutes noted by Cochrane. According to R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, the Minute Book of Lodge 792 IC, Killyleagh, Co. Down (Warranted June 9, 1808) reveals that Lodge 30 supported the formation of this new Lodge and that some of the Charter members of No. 792 came from No. 30 (regrettably it is not clear who these were). Various masonic regalia and equipments were provided to Lodge 792 IC by the members of 30 IC, including jewels (value £6-4-5), two brass seals (value £5-5-0), and a Lodge Chair (possibly for the WM to use). The Minute Book for Lodge 792 IC records the expenses for 1809, including “Paid to Mr. Rowan for a Warrant £7-14-5.” As Cochrane notes, “This was Archibald Hamilton Rowan of the Castle, Killyleagh, a Major in the Independent Dublin Volunteers in 1789 and Initiated in Lodge No. 620 belonging to that Corps119. The Knight Templar seal of this Lodge (presumably he means No. 620) was used by Lodge No. 30 by simply changing the number. The seal of this Lodge had a LEFT Arm instead of a Right one.” Close ties with Lodge No. 114 IC, Killyleagh, Co. Down (Warranted November 6, 1817) were also maintained, according to Crossle, who notes that the Minutes of Lodge 114 IC show the following members of Lodge 30 IC were given degrees: “March 7, 1826, Bro. Alex. Morrow was raised to a Chair Master, Excellent, Super-Excellent (Royal Arch) Mason - Same night John McBriar and Hamilton Gilmore raised to the same.” On June 6, 1826, “Robert McBair, John Kelly and John Gilmore were raised to the Degree of a Chair Master, Excellent, Super-Excellent Royal Arch Mason. Also Baptist Trimble of Lodge No. 376 IC120, was raised to the same, and received the same degrees.” And, on July 22, 1840, the names of twenty-six members of Lodge No. 114 IC were shown as having transferred to Lodge No. 30 IC. Irish Grand Lodge records indicate that Warrant No. 30 was cancelled on July 3,1823. However, Irish Grand Lodge minutes for March 2, 1826 record the donation of £ 40.3.11 “from Lodge No.13 of the Provincial Grand Lodge of the Coast of Coromandel, for distressed Masons in Ireland”. No.XIII (13) was apparently the local number of Lodge No. 30 IC as it appeared on the Roll of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Coromandel with the name “St. David’s”. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 73rd Foot takes the following from the records of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Madras dated September 23, 1818. A letter was read at this meeting from the Lodge of St. Andrews’ Union No. X dated Colombo August 19, 1816, for forwarding a “Petition” from Brothers: Samuel Heming; John Salmon; Hugh Roam, Privates of the 73rd Regiment of Foot. These brethren were praying for a Warrant of Constitution for establishment of a regular

119 Warrant No. 620 IC was issued to The First Volunteer Lodge in The Royal Independent Dublin Volunteers on September 4, 1783. This Lodge became civilian and is current as of 2000.

120 Lodge No. 376 (a civilian Lodge) held its Warrant dated February 1, 1810, and met in the village of Killyleagh, Co. Down. The Warrant was cancelled by Grand Lodge on November 6, 1845, for non-payment of dues.

Lodge in the Regiment under the distinctive denomination of “St. John’s Lodge”. The Acting Provincial Grand Master having expressed some reluctance to grant a Warrant to the Petitioners in consequence of them being beyond the limits of his superintendence although he had done so on a former occasion with the sanction of the Prov. G. M. of the Island of Ceylon. However, whilst the 73rd were still in Ceylon, working with the 30th Regiment of Foot both Regiments took a “Local Warrant No. 13 on August 16, 1822, from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Coromandel (Ceylon). This Lodge later became Stationary in Ceylon as “St. John’s Lodge” was registered with Grand Lodge in London and was numbered 628 in 1832 and No. 434 in 1863. This Lodge is still working in Madras today as “St. John’s Lodge”. There is no entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 for a local (Coast of Coromandel) issue of a Warrant as “No. 13.” Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes this Warrant in his list on page 40 with a local date of issue of 1813. John Lane lists the Lodge as carrying the name “St. David’s” in Warrant No. XIII issued on December 27, 1813. Lane is generally accepted as an accurate source but until an actual copy of the Warrant is secured this will not be demonstrable. Both the number “30” and “85” used for Warrants issued to this Lodge have been reused by the Grand Lodge of Ireland for other Warrants. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973, notes that this use of either the Warrant or the number “30” was the second of two, and for “85” was the first of three:

• although Crossle doesn’t say so, it is probable that the original issue of “No. 30” was during the 1730’s and the loss of the original Grand Lodge Register means that the information on the Lodge is lost forever. Cochrane, however, lists the issue as dated either February 5 or March 27, 1734, to hold a Lodge in Dublin. He says that the Lodge is “Noted as working in “The Two Friends” in Chequer Lane, Dublin, in 1735” and “Erased, 5 November 1801.”;

• the next (and recorded) issue of Warrant No. 30 is the Seton issue dated November 7, 1805, in exchange for “No. 85” in the 30th Foot which was struck off the Roll in 1823; and

• 1840, “No. 30” issued to True Blues Lodge at Killeleaghe, Co. Down, in exchange for its earlier issue of “No. 114”. Cochrane lists the date of issue as July 7, 1840 in lieu of 114 and shows the Lodge as “Current” in 2001.

“No. 85” was issued at least twice, according to Crossle:

• the original issue on May 3, 1738 to hold a Lodge in the 30th Foot and which was exchanged for “No. 30” in 1805; and

• 1807, “No. 85” issued to hold a Lodge at Shercock, Co. Cavan; Cochrane lists this issue as May 22, 1807. Crossle notes that the Lodge was removed to Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan; and

• Cochrane lists an issue of a new Warrant No. 85 to brethren in Carrickmacross, Co. Monaghan on August 13, 1869, and lists the Lodge as “Current” in 2001.

An enquiry was made to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in December 1999 to obtain a copy of both Warrant No. 85 and No. 30 issued for the 30th Foot. A copy of Warrant No. 85 was graciously provided and is transcribed on the following page, but there is no Warrant No. 30 in the Grand Lodge files. As noted, there is difficulty in deciphering parts of No. 85. Grand Lodge reports that as noted on the copy the actual Warrant was reissued for a civilian Lodge in Shercock, Co. Cavan on April 2, 1807. Normally the number of the original surrendered Warrant was reused and a new Warrant issued, with the original (or earlier Warrants bearing the same number) being held in Grand Lodge: such was not the case with No. 85 and the actual Warrant was reissued.

[Sources: (1) The History of Freemasonry in Berkshire and Buckinghamshire, by Leslie R. Harborne and Robin L. W. White, 1990. (2) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Philip Crossle, P.G.S.D., published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (5) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (6) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by John Heron Lepper, in his paper printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (8) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (9) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (10) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 IC, September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 30th Foot. (11) Whence Came We? Freemasonry in Ontario 1764 - 1980, published 1980, by Masonic Holdings, Hamilton.]

Transcript of Warrant No. 85 IC issued in 1738 to the 30th Foot

By the Right Worshipful and Right Honourable Lord Vi----- of Cornelius TYRONE ------Grand Master of all the Lodges of Free- Xxxxxxx G.M. Masons in the Kingdom of IRELAND, the Rt. Worshipful Xxxxxxx D.G.M. Cornelius Callaghan Esq. : : : : : : : : Deputy Grand Master, Kean O’Hara the Worshipful John Pritchard and Kean O’Hara Grand Wardens S E A L WHEREAS our Trusty and Well-beloved Brothers ------S E A L ------S E A L have besought Us, that We would be pleased to erect a Lodge of Free- S E A L Masons, in the H ------Col. Hardwards Corps S E A L of such Persons ,who by their Knowledge and Skill in Masonry, may S E A L contribute to the Well-Being and Advancement thereof. We therefore S E A L duly weighing the Premisses, and having nothing more at Heart, than the Prosperity and true Advancement of Masonry, and reposing SHERCOCK special Trust and Confidence in our Trusty and Well-beloved Brothers 85 the said Francis Hogan, Alexr Pearson and Paul Shortlin ------Received & Exchanged of whose Abilities and Knowledge in Masonry, We are satisfied; Do, BEN MONTGOMERY by these PRESENTS, of Our certain Knowledge, and meer Motion, THOMAS CARROLL Nominate, Create, Authorize and Constitute the said Francis Hogan and PATRr MURRAY Master, Alex Pearson and Paul Shortlin Wardens to be Master and 2d April 1807 Wardens of a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, to be held by them and their Successors lawfully admitted in the said Lodge forever, AND we do hereby Give and Grant unto the said Francis Hogan, Alexr Pearson and Paul Shortlin and their Successors, full Power and lawful Authority from Time to Time to proceed to Election of a new Master and Wardens, to make such Laws, Rules and Orders as they from Time to Time shall think Proper and Convenient for the Well-Being and Ordering of the said Lodge; reserving to Our Selves and Our Successors, Grand Masters or Grand Wardens of IRELAND, the sole Right of deciding all Differences which shall be brought by Appeal before Us and Our Successors, Grand Masters or Grand Wardens of IRELAND. IN WITNESS whereof, We have hereunto set Our Hands and Seal of Office this Thirtyeth Day of May in the Year of our Lord God, 1738 and in the Year of Masonry, 5738. Intratur per John xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

[Source: Grand Lodge of Ireland]

REF: I52 Lodge No. 535 IC, in the 30th Regiment of Foot, various locations 1776-1823 [now part of The Queen’s Lancashire Regiment]

On October 3, 1776, the Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 535 to Bros. James Ellis, Master; and James Hastie and Alex McGill, Wardens, to hold a Lodge in the 30th Regiment of Foot. Ten other names were added to the roll between this date and July 25, 1780. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 30th Foot, gives December 3, 1776 as the date of issue. From 1761 until 1776 the 30th Foot served in the Garrison at Gibraltar but the lack of reporting to Grand Lodge and the loss of the Minute Book makes it unclear whether the Lodge was working during this time. As Freemasonry was active in the garrison it is very likely that the Lodge met with the other Irish and Antients Lodges which would be found there. By 1781 the Regiment was in the Americas and there are clear indications that the Lodge was working there. Bro. Jeremiah Wright, Master of No. 535 IC sat on a Committee in 1782 to examine the working of St. Andrew’s Lodge, No.1, South Carolina, and testified on April 26, 1782, to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania that the members of St. Andrew’s were entitled to work as Antient Masons (Source: Sachse, Old Lodges in Pennsylvania, vol ii, p.178.). Demits are recorded as being granted by No. 535 IC to Bro. Isaac Reed, Long Island, NY, showing that on July 20, 1783, he was made a Royal Arch and Super- Excellent Mason, and on August 25, 1783, dubbed a Knight of the Red Cross (Source: The Freemason, 1871). The history of the Lodge after 1783 is not clear although Grand Lodge records indicate that the Lodge fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 1793121 On the Irish Register it is recorded that the original Warrant was lost and a duplicate granted in May 1805 to Bros. J. F. Kingsley, William Stewart and David Glass (roll numbers 14, 15 and 16 of the Lodge). V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that the date of reissue was May 1808 while Sheppard cites May 1, 1808. There has been some question as to the date on which the Warrant was cancelled and some records indicate that it was cancelled in June 1807. Bro. Norman Rogers, in his Lancashire Military Lodges, as printed in Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, June 12, 1963, indicates that No. 535 IC was cancelled on July 3, 1823, as the Lodge had not communicated with the Grand Lodge of Ireland since obtaining the duplicate Warrant. This date of 1823 is also used by Crossle, R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973 and by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes the Warrant in his list. An enquiry was made to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1999 to obtain a copy of Warrant No. 535 issued to the 30th Foot. The reply indicated that no copy of the Warrant could be found in the archives. Crossle has also noted that the number “535” was used for a Warrant to hold a Lodge at Mountpottinger, Co. Down. No date of issue is shown, nor a date when the Warrant was struck from the rolls. Cochrane lists this issue as June 24, 1922 for “Albertbridge Lodge”, Mountpottinger, Belfast, and shows the Lodge as “Current” in 2002.

[Sources: (1) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge

121 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85 IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 I.C. (1791-1821).

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 146 Freemasonry in Gibraltar of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (2) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Philip Crossle, P.G.S.D., published by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (3) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD- ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (4) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (5) “The Poor Common Soldier,” A Study of the Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by John Heron Lepper, in his paper printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925. (6) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (7) Lancashire Military Lodges, by Bro. Norman Rogers, as printed in Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, June 12, 1963. (8) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (9) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 IC, September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 30th Foot.]

REF: E48 Lodge, No. 5 PGLGibraltar(A), in the 31st Regiment of Foot and/or Royal Artillery, Gibraltar 1802-???? [now part of The Queen’s Regiment]

Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, refers to the issue of Warrant No. 5 to a Lodge in the 31st Regiment of Foot, in 1802, by the Antients Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar. The Warrant was never registered on the books of Grand Lodge and no further Warrant was issued. It is unclear whether this Warrant was actually issued for a new Lodge in the 31st Foot, or to one of the earlier Warranted Lodges, to a combined 31st Foot/Royal Artillery Lodge, or to a Lodge in the Royal Artillery. There are indications that Lodge No. 5 was a joint one, sponsored by members of the 31st Foot and the Royal Artillery. It is not clear when the Lodge ceased working, or at least surrendered the local Warrant. [Note: Warrant No. 5 PRGibraltar was reissued in 1811 to a Lodge in the Royal Artillery.] There is no clear entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 for this Lodge although there is reference on page 465 to “No. 5, Provincial, in the Royal Artillery. Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibralter (Ancients), No. 220, Warranted 25 January, 1786. [See page 156].” The reference to “page 156" refers to the issue of the Warrant for the Provincial Grand Lodge only. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, does not include this Warrant in his list on page 40 and W. Bro. Ray Sheppard does not include the Lodge either.

[Sources: (1) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 31st Foot. (2) History of Freemasonry, R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895.(4) The Master- Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge.]

REF: E49 Meridian Lodge, No. 743 ER, in the 31st Regiment of Foot 1863-???? REF: E49 Meridian Lodge, No. 1045 ER, in the 31st Regiment of Foot 1858-1863 [now part of The Queen’s Regiment]

With the arrival of the 31st Regiment of Foot at Gibraltar in 1857, came several enthusiastic Freemasons in the Regiment. Lieutenant Robert Freke Gould became a strong force behind the resuscitation of Inhabitants Lodge No. 153 ER (see p 25) and the formation of Meridian Lodge in the Regiment. United Grand Lodge of England issued Warrant No. 1045 on May 17, 1858 to hold Meridian Lodge in the 31st Regiment of Foot. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 31st Foot, writes that Meridian Lodge had, amongst its Charter Members, Robert Freke Gould, a well respected Masonic researcher and writer. In the renumbering of warrants in 1863 the Lodge became No. 743. Sheppard also notes that in 1876 the Lodge was again reported at Gibraltar and, in 1884, at Aldershot. Lane’s notes indicate that as of 1894 the Lodge was held in the 1st Battalion, East Surrey Regiment (the eventual designation of the original 31st Foot). The date of surrender and/or cancellation of Warrant No. 743 is unknown. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, p. 313, reads: “1894 No. 743. Meridian Lodge. Thirty-first Regiment of Foot, at Gibraltar (Malaga) Spain. 1858. (G.L. Warrant) 17 May 1858 No. 1045. 1863 No. 743. At Gibraltar (Malaga) Spain 1876. At Aldershot, Hampshire, 1884. Now designated the 1st Battalion East Surrey Regiment.” The lack of reference to any erasure of the Warrant indicates that this occurred after 1895 and the release of Lane’s publication. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, notes the year of issue as 1858 and does not include any reference to the renumbering of 1863. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, includes the Lodge in a listing entitled “Existing British Field Lodges, 1886” but with the Warrant as No. 743 ER, and the year of issue as 1858, the year being incorrect for the Warrant, but correct for the year of establishment of the Lodge. Neither writer had specified the renumbering of the original warrant No. 1045 to No. 743 in 1863.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (2) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 31st Foot. (2) History of Freemasonry, R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) The Master- Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge.]

REF: I53 Lodge No. 61 IC, in the 32nd Regiment of Foot 1736/7-1801 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

Although there is no entry in the Grand Lodge Register (due to the loss of the earliest Registers predating 1769) Warrant No. 61 was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland either on November 1736 or February 1737 to the men of the 32nd Regiment of Foot. The Warrant was erased at Gibralter in 1792 and by Grand Lodge on November 5, 1801. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, and R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, agree on these dates. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry notes the date of issue as “cir. 1747” and Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes this Warrant in his list on page 40 with the year of issue shown as 1736. V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, in his paper Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, notes that the Warrant was erased at Gibraltar in 1802. Beyond these dates there is no known information regarding the Lodge’s activities there during its 56 year existence. Cochrane notes “NOTHING in Vols. 1 to 5 G.L. Registers”. An enquiry was made to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1999 to obtain a copy of Warrant No. 61. The reply indicated that no copy of the Warrant could be found in the archives. Crossle also notes that the number “61” was used for an undated Warrant issued to hold a Lodge at Ballymacarett, Co. Down, no date of being struck off the rolls is listed. Cochrane lists two later Warrants bearing the number “61” issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland: on March 1, 1810 to hold a Lodge at Stewartstown, Co. Tyrone, which was sent in to Grand Lodge on July 7, 1850; and on March 5, 1891, to hold Leslie J. Thompson Lodge at Ballymacarett, Belfast, being shown in 2001 as “Current”.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, limited publication in manuscript form by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (5) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (6) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 32nd Foot.]

REF: S9 White’s Lodge, No. 73 SC, in the 32nd Regiment of Foot 1754-1809 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

Following receipt of a Petition, the Grand Lodge of Scotland issued Warrant No. 73 on November 25, 1754 to White’s Lodge, in the 32nd Regiment of Foot. In the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, contained on the website of the Gibraltar Provincial Grand Lodge, it is noted that “In 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military or travelling Lodges in Gibraltar, one Scottish in 32nd Regiment . . . .”. There is no further information regarding the length of time the Regiment and its Lodge worked on Gibraltar. The Lodge was erased from the Rolls of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1809. [Source: C. Martin McGibbon, ASCA, Grand Secretary, The Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.] Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, includes this Warrant in his list on page 40. Brother Captain William Thomas, in his Freemasonry in the British Army, published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997, includes this issue of Warrant No. 73 although he shows no name of the Lodge, but that it was held in “White’s Regiment”.

[Sources: (1) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (2) The Master-Mason-At- Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (3) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 32nd Foot. (4) Freemasonry in the British Army, by Bro. Captain William Thomas, Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997. (5) Lodges Chartered by the Grand Lodge of Scotland, by W. Bro. George S. Draffen, published in limited copies in 1950 by the Grand Lodge of Scotland. (6) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 32nd Foot.]

REF: I54 Officers’ Lodge No. 617 IC, in the 32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot 1783-1815 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 617 on May 1, 1783 to the 32nd (Cornwall) Regiment of Foot. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973 notes that the Warrant was for a Lodge for the Officers of the 32nd Foot. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that three members were registered on May 1, 1783 and listed in Volume 2 of the Grand Lodge Register: Lieutenant-Colonel Edmund Strackar; Captain Edward Edwards and Lieutenant Thomas Ormsby and that there was no indication of Master or Wardens. While this may true in terms of the contents of the Grand Lodge Register, Stracker was WM, Edwards was SW and Ormsby was JW. A further eleven brethren were registered on November 21, 1785. Cochrane also notes that this was the first “Officers Lodge” for which there is any known record. The name “Officers’ Lodge” used above is indicative of the purpose of the Lodge only - there is no indication that the Lodge ever used a particular name. Cochrane writes that by 1786 the Antients at Gibraltar “gradually got the upper hand” and received a Warrant establishing the Antient Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalucia (Gibraltar). The History of Freemasonry on Gibraltar122 notes that a Minute of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, “dated July 4, 1793, records that Lodge 617, an officer’s Lodge held in 32nd. Foot, wrote complaining of their suspension by the Grand Lodge of Andalucia and they were ordered “while in Gibraltar to conform to its laws and regulations”.” The Regiment had left Gibraltar in 1792 and Cochrane cites Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, reporting that the records of the Company of Artificers, Provincial Warrant123, mention three military Lodges as having recently left the Garrison as well as “. . . . a Warrant (Irish) held by the officers of the 32nd Foot, but for neglect erased.” It is interesting that while Cochrane has noted “Erased at Gibraltar, 1792" against the notes on Lodge No. 61 IC, it is this Lodge, No. 617, which is noted as “erased for neglect”. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 32nd Foot, says that the “Lodge was said to have had a Local Warrant at Gibraltar, before 1792. In his May 1994 publication Masonic Lodges held in the 28th Regt. Gloucestershire Old Braggs, Sheppard notes that at Waterloo the 28th and 32nd Regiments, supplemented by 100 men of the Royal Tyrone Regiment of Fusiliers (Militia), formed part of the Fifth Division, under the command of General Sir Thomas Picton. He also notes that each of the three Regiments held masonic lodges - No. 260 IC, in the 2nd Battalion, 28th Foot; an Officers Lodge, No. 617 IC, in the 32nd and Lodge No. 846 IC in the Tyrone Militia. Regardless of when the Lodge actually went into darkness - sometime after 1785 and before 1792 - Warrant No. 617 IC, was not erased by the Grand Lodge of Ireland until July 6, 1815. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes this Warrant in his list on page 40. Crossle also notes that the number “617” was later issued to hold a Lodge at Gwelo, Rhodesia, no date of issue or of being struck off the roll is shown. Cochrane reports the date of issue of March 1, 1928 to hold Selukwe-Gwelo Lodge in Selukwe, Rhodesia, and that, as of 2000, it was listed as “Current” in 2001. An enquiry was made to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1999 to obtain a copy of Warrant No. 617 for the Officers Lodge in the 32nd Foot. The reply indicated that no copy of the Warrant could be found in the archives.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, limited publication in manuscript form by

122 Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar website .

123 This was probably Ordnance Lodge, No. 202 ER(A), in HM Ordnance at Gibraltar (1777-1807) which became the present-day Inhabitants Lodge, No. 153 ER.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 152 Freemasonry in Gibraltar the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (5) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (6) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 32nd Foot.]

REF: I63 Gibraltar Lodge No. 128 IC, in the 39th Regiment of Foot, various locations 1741-post 1886 [now part of The Devonshire and Dorsetshire Regiment]

There is some confusion in the records regarding the issue of Irish Warrant No. 128. In some there are indications that the Grand Lodge of Ireland originally issued Warrant No. 128 sometime before 1728 for St. John of Jerusalem Lodge in the Gibraltar Garrison. But, in fact, the premier Grand Lodge had issued Warrant No. 51 in 1728 for the Lodge which was a stationary one established for military personnel serving at Gibraltar (in fact the Lodge was the first to be established on Gibraltar and the second to be warranted by the premier Grand Lodge outside of the British Isles). In the Calpe Lodge History (Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar)124, it is recorded that Irish Freemasonry first came to Gibraltar when Masons in the 39th Foot in the Gibraltar garrison applied to the Grand Lodge of Ireland for a Warrant. The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 128 on either November 21, 1741 or November 3, 1742125 (Crossle) to hold a Lodge in the 39th Regiment of Foot. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes the date of issue as November 21, 1742. This was the second Lodge established on Gibraltar (after St. John of Jerusalem Lodge, No. 51 ER, in 1727/8). It is not clear when the Lodge adopted the name Gibraltar, but it appeared in various Grand Lodge minutes, although not on the Warrant. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 39th Foot, writes that the “39th Regiment of Foot was the first Regiment to go to India in 1756, acted as Marines under Adm. Watson for Madras.” Thus by 1757 the Regiment was stationed in India126 and Lodge No. 128 IC made the first Mason in India the same year. During the next several years Lodge No. 128 IC erected many Lodges in that country (Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, page 397, says, “. . . in Hindostan”). Gould also notes on page 397 that “There is a stone let into the wall in Fort-William, Calcutta, commemorative of the early history of this Lodge. All its working tools and jewels fell into the hands of the enemy during the Peninsular War, but were subsequently returned to the regiment”. Cochrane notes that the original Warrant No. 128 appears to have lapsed before 1758 and that a new one, No. 290, was issued in 1758. It would appear from the remaining information available regarding No. 128, that it continued to operate and that No. 290 worked at the same period of time. For this reason the two Lodges are reported separately. As Gibraltar Lodge, No. 128, it was working at Ballyshannon, Co. Donegal, in September and October 1791. It would seem that the Lodge did not normally register members until it was “home” in Ireland and up to November 22, 1792, 28 brethren were registered. The Lodge regalia and furniture were carried throughout many of the assignments and battles in which the Regiment took part, consequently duplicate Warrants were issued by Grand Lodge in 1785, June 7, 1810 and April 1, 1819. This last Duplicate Warrant was issued to: John Chance (Lodge No. 325 IC at Mallow Co. Cork, 1803-1826), Thos. Davis (Lodge No. 895 IC in the 71st Foot, 1801-1835), Simon Haughton (Lodge No. 218 in the 48th Foot, 1750-1858), Jas. Allwood (Lodge No. 858 IC at Tullamore, Co. Offaly, 1798-1825), John Lynch (Lodge No. 323 ER, in the Royal Marines at Calcutta, 1769?-1843?), and John Reay

124 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

125 The History of Calpe Lodge shows a date of November 21, 1742.

126 The 39th Foot was the first British Army Regiment (as opposed to regiments of the HEIC) to serve in India.

(Lodge No. 111 ER, a civilian Lodge). In 1814-15 the 39th Regiment was placed in the garrisons in Quebec and Chambly for use in the expedition against American forces assembled at Plattsburg, returning to Europe in 1815 and joining the “army of occupation” until 1818 when it returned to Ireland. It is possible that Gibraltar Lodge worked in Lower Canada although there is no clear proof of this and the Lodge can be seen to have met sporadically at various times during its existence. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 39th Foot, writes that a Duplicate Warrant was again issued on August 1, 1819. Grand Lodge records note the Lodge as working in the Richmond Barracks in Dublin in 1821. Between 1819 and 1859 a total of 160 brethren were registered with Grand Lodge, and between November 1, 1860 and April 16, 1872, a further 16, according to Cochrane. Grand Lodge records show the Lodge met in Newry during 1850 and 1851 when the 39th Foot was in garrison there. On January 6, 1851 the Lodge was reported to have held a Masonic Ball in the old Savings Bank at Newry during which they entertained Brethren from Lodges in Dundalk and Newry, the Ball being given in costume. On May 1, 1851, Major Nixon of the Lodge is recorded as having presented jewels to the Master, Bro. Captain Munroe and Past Master, Bro. Captain Herbert “for their long, tried, and faithful services, as Master of that Lodge (No. 128) for upwards of fifteen years”. One member, John Noble, was registered on October 13, 1851 and is shown in the Grand Lodge records as “killed in the Crimea - widow relieved”. In 1762 the British captured Manila from Spain and the 39th formed part of the garrison there, Lodge No. 128 meeting in the Cathedral of Intramuros until 1764, when the Archbishop of Manila sought authority from Spain to raze the cathedral because of “this desecration”, which was not given127. During this time Matthew Horne served in the British forces in Manila and attended the Lodge meetings. He later returned to Madras and, in 1786, was appointed as the second Antients Provincial Grand Master of Madras. No returns were made to Grand Lodge after 1874, and the Warrant was returned to Grand Lodge on July 17, 1886 - the Warrant carrying the following notation on the bottom “Recd. 17-7-86”. Gould includes the Warrant in his listing of “Existing British Field Lodges, 1886” as follows: “39th Ft., Gibraltar, 128, I., 1742”, indicating that it was still working in 1886, the year in which Grand Lodge records indicate the Warrant was returned. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces notes this Warrant with an issue year of 1742. Cochrane notes that a Warrant bearing the number “128” was again issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on March 3, 1893, to Anchor Lodge, Arthur Square, Belfast, the Lodge being listed as “Current” in 2001. An enquiry was directed to the Grand Lodge of Ireland early in 2000 regarding the location of Warrant No. 128 and to obtain a photocopy. Grand Lodge graciously responded in a letter dated March 3, 2000, enclosing a copy of the Duplicate Warrant of April 1, 1819. The Warrant itself appears to measure about 11½ inches wide and 17¾ inches long. There is a one- half inch border on the four edges consisting of intertwined clovers and, in the upper two corners, there are Irish harps. The words “The Grand Lodge of Ireland” are in a arched form across the top of the Warrant with a picture underneath of an all-seeing eye shining down on a woman holding three children. There are three separate images across the bottom - on the left is a pilgrim kneeling on his right knee, holding a cross and chalice or cup in his right hand facing towards the centre of the bottom where there is the top of an altar upon which there is a pillow with a Volume of the Sacred Law surmounted by a square and compasses. In the bottom right hand corner is a “ruin” with an “angelic figure” supporting an anchor. A transcript of the Warrant is provided on the next page.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, limited publication in manuscript form by

127 The Cathedral of Intramuros was destroyed during World War II.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 155 the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (5) “The Poor Common Soldier”, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by Bro. John Heron Lepper, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925, (6) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (7) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (8) Outlines of the History of Freemasonry in the Province of Quebec, by John H. Graham, 1892. (9) Early Canadian Freemasonry 1759-1869, by Pemberton Smith, P.M., O.R., 1939. (10) Website of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar at www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325. (11) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 39th Foot.]

Transcript of the Duplicate Warrant No. 128 IC issued to hold a Lodge in the 39th Foot

SEAL GRAND LODGE OF IRELAND No. LEINSTER G.M. 128

By the Most Worshipful His Grace Augustus Fredk Duke of Leinster GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful John Fowler Esq. DEPUTY GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful Rt. Honble. John Lord Hutchinson SENIOR GRAND WARDEN The Right Worshipful Most Noble Howe Marquis of Sligo JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN And other the Right Worshipful Officers & Members of the GRAND LODGE of IRELAND in Open Grand Lodge Assembled

Whereas our trusty and Well beloved Brethren John Chance, Thomas Davis and Simon Haughton have Besought us that we would be pleased to Erect a Lodge of Free Masons in His Majesty’s Thirty ninth Regiment of Infantry of such persons who by their knowledge in Masonry may contribute to the true advancement thereof. We therefore having nothing more at heart than the Prosperity of Masonry and reposing special confidence in our said trusty and well beloved Brethren Do by these Presents constitute and appoint them the said John Chance, Thomas Davis and Simon Haughton to be Master and Wardens of a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons to be holden in His Majesty’s Thirty ninth Regiment of Infantry aforesaid by them and their Successors lawfully Admitted in said Lodge forever. And We do hereby grant unto them and their Successors full Power and Authority to proceed from time to time to the Election of a new Master and Wardens in said Lodge Provided always that they said John Chance, Thomas Davis and Simon Haughton and their Successors Do and Shall at all times hereafter pay implicit observance to and act and conduct the affairs of same in strict conformity to the now existing Laws of Masonry and to such other Laws and Regulations for the Government of the Craft as shall at any time hereafter be issued by the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ireland or in default thereof then and in such case reserving unto the said Right Worshipful Grand Lodge the full power and Authority of annulling and cancelling these Presents or otherwise proceeding in the premises as to them shall seem meet -

In Witness whereof We have hereunto set our Hands and Seal of Office at Dublin the Metropolis of Ireland this First day of April in the Year of our Lord God 1819 nineteen Entered by me and of Masonry 5819 ------Graham GSec

Recd 17-7-86

[Source: Grand Lodge of Ireland.]

REF: I64 Lodge No. 290 IC, in the 39th Regiment of Foot 1758-1785/1804? [now part of The Devonshire and Dorsetshire Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 290 on January 5, 1758, to the men of the 39th Regiment of Foot. R. W. Bro. Keith Crossle, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that the three members registered with Grand Lodge were: Philip Williams, Master; and Wm. Hamilton and James McGuiner, Wardens. Lodge No. 290 IC was in Gibraltar with the Regiment and, when trouble between Antients’ and Moderns’ Masons on Gibraltar became acute in 1772, was forced by circumstances to side with the Antients. On St. John’s Day, December 1772, the various Moderns’ Lodges wished to exclude Lodge No. 148 ER(A) from taking part in the customary procession, but Lodge No. 148 was supported by four Irish Lodges128 to attend the procession. The Irish Lodges wrote in May 1773 to the Grand Lodge of Ireland justifying their action, and, apparently, received a reply endorsing it. It is interesting that in Cochrane’s notes on the Lodge he says: “From the Minutes of the Junior Grand Lodge of England (Antients) we find:- “December 15th, 1773. Heard a letter from No. 148 (Royal Artillery) at Gibraltar, setting forth that a set of people who had their authority from the ‘Modern’ Grand Lodge, thought proper to dispute the legality of said warrant No. 148. That in the said garrison there were also held Lodges 11, 244, 290, 359, 420 and 466 (1st, 2nd, 39th, 76th, 56th and 58th Foot), on the Registry of Ireland, and No. 58 (12th Regiment) on the Registry of Scotland”.” This quotation is useful not only in outlining the problems the Antients and Moderns continued to have, but is also an interesting summary of the non-Moderns Lodges assembled at Gibraltar. When the 39th Foot was assigned to the Americas, Lodge No. 290 IC accompanied it and continued to work. Minutes of Lodge No. 1, Philadelphia, dated May 11, 1779, note “Bros. Jasper William Lewis of Lodge No. 290 Register of Ireland & Bro. John Hincklrey of New England have represented their Wants & distress in a petition to the Masters of the different Lodges when a Collection was made for their relief in this Lodge amounting to £ 42:16:9.” 129 [Note: as the Regiment was at this time in the West Indies, it is possible that Bro. Lewis was a British prisoner of war, held in Philadelphia.] Sometime between 1785 and 1804 Lodge No. 290 IC was settled in Castletown, Isle of Man. Although this removal was without the formal approval of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, it appears to have been accepted130. Cochrane notes that the Grand Lodge Register is written up as “No. 290, Held in Castletown, Isle of Man” and it lists members of the Lodge numbered 48 to 53 inclusive with the date February 3, 1786, and members numbered 54 to 56 inclusive with the date March 3, 1787. This last entry is followed by the note “Cancelled by order, Grand Lodge, 7th October, 1813.” Cochrane notes that there is always the possibility that while the 39th Foot was not stationed on the Isle of Man a small detachment were there and that they had taken the Warrant and Lodge Chest, although there is no proof of this. This short existence of Lodge No. 290 IC on the Isle of Man, in either a civilian or military character, is referred to in the History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, 1925. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes Warrant No 290, for the 39th Foot, in his list on

128 These were: Lodge No. 11 IC, in the 1st Battalion, 1st Regiment of Foot; No. 244 IC, in the 2nd (Queen’s Royal) Regiment of Foot; No. 290 IC, in the 39th Regiment of Foot; and No. 466 IC, in the 58th Regiment of Foot.

129 From page 156 of “The Poor Common Soldier”, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants by Bro. John Heron Lepper, W. M., Quatuor Coronati Lodge No. 2076, E.R., as printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925.

130 This would appear to make Lodge No. 290 the second permanent (civilian) Lodge on the Isle of Man. The earliest Irish civilian Lodge appears to have been No. 458, issued on December 3, 1767, to hold a Lodge at Douglas, and which probably expired prior to 1813.

Both Crossle and Cochrane note that the number “290” was used four more times for Warrants:

• in 1785 to hold a Lodge in Castletown, Isle of Man (struck off the rolls in 1802) and referred to above;

• in 1825, to hold a Lodge at Kells, Co. Antrim (no date shown for being struck off the rolls). Cochrane lists the issue as June 24, 1821, to hold a Lodge at Kells, Ballymena, Co. Antrim, being cancelled on September 7, 1843;

• unlisted by Crossle, but shown by Cochrane, is the issue, on May 6, 1841, of Warrant No. 290 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, for St. John’s Lodge, London, Canada West. The Lodge had been formed in 1841 when the Provincial Grand Lodge of Canada West was dormant. Although the Warrant was issued in 1841, Dispensation was not granted until January 11, 1842, by Bro. Thomas Dillon in Toronto, in his capacity as District Grand Master for Ireland in Canada West;

• undated Warrant No 290 for St. Leonard’s Lodge, Sydney, New South Wales (no date shown for being struck off the rolls). Cochrane notes the date of issue as July 18, 1867, which makes this the earliest record of a Masonic Lodge in the northern suburbs of Sydney. The Lodge appears to have been “in abeyance” in 1876, and was removed from the printed report in 1886; and

• undated Warrant No. 290, to hold a Lodge at Ballymacarett, Co. Down (no date shown for being struck off the rolls). Cochrane shows this as being issued on June 7, 1900 for Deramore Lodge, Rosetta, Belfast, removed to Ballymacarret, Belfast in 1918 and shown as “Current” in 2000.

An enquiry was directed to the Grand Lodge of Ireland early in 2000 regarding the location of Warrant No. 290, and to obtain a photocopy if the Warrant was available. Grand Lodge responded in a letter dated March 3, 2000, indicating that there was no copy or original in the Archives, and that it had probably never been returned to Grand Lodge.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, limited publication in manuscript form by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 1973. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (5) “The Poor Common Soldier”, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by Bro. John Heron Lepper, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925, (6) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (7) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (10) website of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar at www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325. (11) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 39th Foot.]

REF: I68 Hibernia Lodge No. 42 IC, in the 42nd (The Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot 1809-1840 REF: I68 Hibernia Lodge, No. 42 PGLMunster, in the 42nd (The Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot ????-1809 [The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)]

R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that although there is no record in the Register of the Grand Lodge of Ireland for the original issue of the first Warrant bearing the number “42”, one did take place as it was erased on November 5, 1801. The second issue of a Warrant bearing the number “42”, was made by Alexander Seton, Provincial Grand Secretary of Munster, when he was issuing Warrants on his own authority, and did so to the men of the 42nd (The Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot. No date of issue is known. This was very likely the actual original issue of No. 42 as Seton had the habit of obtaining old unused Warrants and reissuing them while keeping the money charged for the Warrant to the new Lodge. The Lodge, however, obviously recognizing the questionable authority under which Seton issued Warrants, also applied to the Grand Lodge of Ireland for recognition and (officially) received Warrant No. 42 dated April 6, 1809, for Hibernia Lodge in the Regiment, free of expense (this was likely because the Lodge was able to prove that they had already paid Seton). Three members were registered with Grand Lodge on April 6, 1809: Donald Dunnett; Domk. (probably Dominick) Madden and David Davie, but there was no registration of Master or Wardens.

Seal of Hibernia Lodge, No. 42 IC

[Source: Calpe Lodge History.]

The Regiment served in the Peninsular campaigns although there is no information available from Grand Lodge Records regarding the working of the Lodge in this period of warfare. Cochrane cites an interesting occurrence regarding Masonic support during the crossing of the Adour River. It is taken from James Auton “late Quarter-Master Sergeant, 42nd or Royal Highlanders” in his Retrospect of a Military Life (1841), but, as Cochrane notes, it is unknown whether Q-M Sergeant Auton was a member of Lodge No. 42 IC or 310 IC131, both being held in the 42nd Foot:

"I was General Park's orderly this night and had a good roof over my head, and the dry floor of a cart- shed, with plenty of dry straw for a bed; but my poor wife was absent, for the first since we left home. She was detained along with several other women, on the right bank of the Adour, until the bridge was repaired. While this was doing, one of the women belonging to the regiment begged her to take care of a little ass colt, with a couple of bundles, until she should get back to St. Severe to make some purchases; she complied and before the other returned the bridge was repaired. Our regiment has passed and she followed, driving the colt before her; but before she got to the further end, the stubborn animal stood still and would not move a foot. Another

131 Cochrane’s actual note reads: “. . . but whether the writer who relates it was a member of the Irish Lodge “Hibernia” (No. 42) or the Scottish Lodge “St. Andrew” (No. 310), both of which existed in the Regiment . . . .” Warrant No. 239 is the correct number for St. Andrew’s Lodge.

regiment was advancing, the passage was impeded, and what to do she knew not. She was in the act of removing the woman's bundles from the beast's back, and struggling to get out of the way, determined to leave the animal when a grenadier of the advancing regiment, casting his eye on a finely polished horn with the Masonic arms cut in it, and slung over her shoulder, stepped aside, saying ‘Poor creature, I shall not see you left struggling here for the sake of what is slung by your side’; at the same time handing his musket to one of his comrades, he lifted the colt in his arms and carried it to the end of the bridge. My poor wife thanked him with a tear in her eye the only acknowledgment she could make for his kindness; but she has often thought of it since, and congratulated herself on having the good fortune to have the horn, empty as it was, with its talismanic hieroglyphic slung by her side on that occasion; and thus to raise up a friend when she was so much in need of one."

The Regiment returned to Ireland eventually and Cochrane notes that Lodge No. 42 met in the Richmond Barracks, Dublin, in 1820. In the Calpe Lodge History (Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar)132, it is recorded that in 1825/26, Lodge No. 68 IC, along with Lodge No. 42 IC (held in the 42nd (Black Watch) Regiment of Foot) and Lodge No. 130 IC (held in the 1st Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment) sponsored the Petition for a Warrant for Gibraltar Lodge (the first civilian and stationary Irish Lodge on Gibraltar, issued Warrant No. 325 IC, and still working but now known as Calpe Lodge). The Masters and officers of Lodges 42 IC and 130 IC Consecrated the new Lodge and Installed the WM and officers on January 23, 1827, at the Freemason’s Tavern in Gibraltar. Hibernia Lodge had registered 269 members up to August 1840. Cochrane notes that “Bro. Wm. Martin of this Lodge (No. 42 IC) is recorded as a Visitor to Lodge No. 205, Newry, on 6 January, 1836”. He notes that Thomas Dixon was initiated into Lodge No. 42 on August 5, 1840 and became No. 263 on the Register; the entry shows “Asst. Tyler to G.L. - Died Dec. 1862”. As the Lodge had closed by 1862, this entry was likely made by the Grand Secretary’s office. Cochrane notes that both the Scottish and Irish Lodges of the 42nd Foot worked well together “The possibility, moreover, of two Lodges working simultaneously in an infantry battalion of the usual strength is evidenced by the proceedings at the centenary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1836, when the members of “Hibernia” No. 42 IC and “St. Andrew” in the 42nd Foot (or Black Watch) attracted admiration alike for their martial appearance and Masonic behaviour.” Grand Lodge minutes of August 6, 1840 note that the Warrant was “sent in in obedience to the orders of Sir Edward Blakeney, Commander in Chief”. [Note: this action was taken in view of the government’s move against masons in the military.] The Warrant was subsequently cancelled. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry lists the Warrant issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland to the 42nd Foot, but not the issue by the Provincial Grand Master of Munster, which is mirrored by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes the issue and includes a notation “Issued to replace S. No. 42”. Crossle also lists two further Warrants which were issued with the number “42”:

• in 1891 to Shekelton Lodge, Shekelton, struck off the rolls in 1906. Cochrane shows this listing as issued on March 5, 1891 and the Warrant surrendered on December 6, 1906. He notes that the name of the Lodge was chosen to honour Rt. Wor. Br. Shekelton QC, Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ireland from 1870 to 1897; and

• undated Warrant No. 42 issued to hold a Lodge at Maghera, Co. Londonderry. Cochrane lists this

132 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

issue as being made on March 12, 1907 and lists the Lodge as “Current”.

An enquiry was directed to the Grand Lodge of Ireland early in 2000 regarding the location of Warrant No. 42, and to obtain a photocopy if the Warrant was available. Grand Lodge responded in a letter dated March 3, 2000, indicating that there was no original in the Archives, and that it had probably never been returned to Grand Lodge.

[Sources: (1) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (2) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published 1973 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in manuscript form. (3) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (4) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (5) The Master-Mason- At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (6) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC, IC, Dublin, 1925. (7) The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar, held on the Calpe Lodge website: http://www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325/fullhistory.html. (8) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 42nd Foot.]

REF: S11 St. Andrew Lodge, No. 239 SC, in the 42nd Regiment of Foot 1826-1848 REF: S11 St. Andrew Lodge, No. 243 SC, in the 42nd Regiment of Foot 1822-1826 REF: S11 St. Andrew Lodge, No. 232 SC, in the 42nd Regiment of Foot 1816-1822 REF: S11 St. Andrew Lodge, No. 315 SC, in the 42nd Regiment of Foot ????-1816 REF: S11 St. Andrew Lodge, No. 310 SC, in the 42nd Regiment of Foot 1811-???? [The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)]

W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 42nd Foot, writes that Warrant No. 310 SC was issued on February 4, 1811, to hold a Lodge in the 1st Battalion, 42nd Foot. The Lodge name adopted was St. Andrew. The Warrant was renumbered as No. 315 SC (no date), No. 232 SC (1816), No. 243 SC (1822) and 239 SC (1826). He notes that the Lodge was dormant by 1848. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry lists the Warrant on page 402, and comments in a footnote that “Eighty-nine members were enrolled within nine months of its constitution; and fifty entrants were admitted in the four months immediately following the Battle of Waterloo” (June 18, 1815). Grand Lodge records indicate that the Lodge was “certainly active in 1836”. It is possible that the Lodge worked in Gibraltar from 1826 to 1832 when the Regiment was in the garrison. Regrettably they do not appear to have played any part in the formation or Consecration of Gibraltar Lodge, No. 325 IC (now Calpe Lodge), in 1826 and 1827. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that both the Scottish and Irish Lodges of the 42nd Foot worked well together “The possibility, moreover, of two Lodges working simultaneously in an infantry battalion of the usual strength is evidenced by the proceedings at the centenary of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1836, when the members of “Hibernia” No. 42 IC and “St. Andrew” in the 42nd Foot (or Black Watch) attracted admiration alike for their martial appearance and Masonic behaviour.” (An interesting observation as St. Andrew had ceased working before this event occurred.) The Warrant was erased from the Rolls of the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1848. [Source: C. Martin McGibbon, ASCA, Grand Secretary, The Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.] Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronatii Lodge, includes this Warrant in his list on page 40. Brother Captain William Thomas, in his Freemasonry in the British Army, published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997, shows the Warrant as “No. 315”.

[Sources: (1) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (4) Freemasonry in the British Army, by Brother Captain William Thomas published in the Grand Lodge of Scotland Year Book, 1997.(5) The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar, held on the Calpe Lodge website: http://www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325/fullhistory.html. (6) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 42nd Foot.]

Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRQ, Montreal 1877-present Lodge of Antiquity, No. 0 GRQ, Montreal 1874-1877 Lodge of Antiquity, senior and unnumbered, GRC, Montreal 1859-1874 Lodge of Antiquity, No. 0 GRC, Montreal 1857-1859 Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 0 GRC, Montreal 1855-1857 Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, Montreal 1847-1855 REF: E64 Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 634 ER, in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry 1832-1847? REF: E64 Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 5 PRMadras, in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry 1821-???? REF: E64 Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 7 PRMadras, in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry 1817-1821 REF: I72 Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, in the 46th Regiment of Foot 1752- 1846/47 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

[Eastern District 1855-1857. Montreal District 1857-1874.]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 227 on March 4, 1752, to hold the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues in the 46th Regiment of Foot, when the Regiment was serving in Ireland. The Warrant was signed by Lord Kingsborough, Grand Master. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, does not indicate the existence of any names of Lodge members registered at the time the Warrant was issued, likely due to the loss of the earliest Registers predating 1760. The Lodge accompanied the Regiment in many of its actions in British North America and the Caribbean. In History of St. Andrew’s Lodge, Halifax, N.S., R. V. Harris notes that during 1756 the 46th Regiment was stationed at Halifax and that records indicate that ‘“Lodge 227 was very active, doing good and effective work, while associated with the brethren throughout the province,” a statement which could have reference only to the Masons at Annapolis Royal and Halifax. Harris uses this as proof that both First Lodge and Second Lodge at Halifax were working at this time although they subsequently disappeared from the rolls. Harris at al133 note that “It was undoubtedly through the influence and instigation of these Lodges134 that Warrants for a Provincial Grand Lodge of Nova Scotia and two subordinate Lodges were sought and obtained from the Grand Lodge of the “Ancients” all dated December 27, 1757.” According to the Lodge History135 (p 6) the 46th Foot fought at Fort Ticonderoga against the French under the command of the

133 M. W. Bro. Reginald V. Harris (PGM, Nova Scotia), W. Bro. A. J. B. Milborne (Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Quebec) and W. Bro. Col. James R. Case (Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Connecticut), Freemasonry at the Two Sieges of Louisbourg: 1745 and 1758, Canadian Masonic Research Association, Vol. 2, paper 46, May 13, 1958, printed in 1986, p. 32.

134 Harris is referring to the Lodge in the 43rd Foot (working Under Dispensation from Lodge No. 136 IC in the 17th Foot) and The Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, in the 46th Foot.

135 Throughout this summary history, the expression Lodge History refers to the History of the Lodge of Antiquity, by W. Bro. Harry M. Nevison, Lodge Historian, printed 1963, printer unknown.

Marquis de Montcalm and Chevalier de Levis and suffered the loss of 400 officers and men, including their commanding officer, Lt.-Col. Beaver. The Regiment was then moved westwards and participated in the capture of Fort Niagara with the 8th (King’s) Regiment of Foot. For a few months the members of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues held Masonic communication (possibly joint meetings although the lack of documents neither confirms nor denies this) with Lodge No. 255 ER(M) held in the 8th Foot136. The Regiment was used in the attack and capture of Montreal in 1760 (the attacking British-Colonial force numbered over 10,000 regulars and 6-7,000 Colonial troops) and M. W. Bro. David C. Bradley (PGM, Ontario) notes that “In 1760 it (Lodge No. 227 IC) held its first meeting in Montreal Quebec, shortly after the French garrison capitulated to English troops.” There is no reference to Lodge 227 IC in Graham (Outlines), Smith or Milborne. This might not be surprising if the Regiment was in Montreal for a short time and the Lodge had not had time to meet. On the other hand it may just be a reflection of the difficulty of communications for non essential (i.e. non-military) correspondence. What reinforces the probability that the Lodge met during this time was that its commanding officer, Lt.-Col. John Young, was an active Mason. He had been Deputy Grand Master of Scotland (1736-62) and in 1757 had been appointed as Provincial Grand Master over all Scottish Lodges in America and the West Indies137. The Regiment and its Lodge were in Barbados in 1761 and Havana in 1762. When the 46th Regiment served in the American Colonies (1764-1768 and 1776-1778), the Lodge operated in New York City. Prior to the American Revolution the Lodge was visited by George Washington. Cochrane’s notes from Grand Lodge archives note that the Lodge held regular meetings while the Regiment was in winter quarters at Amboy in 1776/7, possibly basing this on the records of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania which indicated that Lodges in any regiment, British or Patriot, held meetings where “Royalists and Federalists were wont to meet on the square.” In 1778, when the 46th Regiment was involved in the Massachusetts expedition, a tradition arose that the “Leather Bullock Chest with brass mountings” containing the belongings of the Lodge was captured by American troops; but that General George Washington directed its return to the Regiment under a flag of Truce, and with a guard of honour. In the 1778 destruction of New Bedford the Lodge obtained a Bible which had belonged to a New England family and contained some of the early history of the family138. M. W. Bro. D. C. Bradley (PGM, Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario) notes that the “Lodge became “possessed of the “famous old Bible” which was used when George Washington was initiated into Freemasonry on November 4, 1752, in Fredericksburg Lodge No. 4 A.F.& A.M., Virginia. This tradition seems to have very considerable documentary evidence to support it.” The Bible was offered to be returned at some later date but remained with the Regiment. The Bible was held in the Regiment’s Lodge, Dominica Lodge, No. 174 IC, until that Lodge was closed and the Warrant surrendered in 1921. Cochrane’s notes indicate that the Bible was held in the Regimental mess-room of the

136 As a Moderns’ Lodge it would have the number of its Warrant changed five times during its existence as that Grand Lodge lost Lodges and strove to contract the Roll of Lodges “so as to avoid blank space”: the Lodge being renumbered as No. 195 (1755), No. 156 (1770), No. 124 (1780), No. 125 (1781) and No. 112 (1792). In addition it held Warrant No. 5 of the provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec (also a Moderns’ organization). The Lodge had expired by 1813.

137 This imposing title gave him responsibility for only four widely spaced Scottish Constitution Lodges - St. Andrews No. 81, Boston; Lodge No. 82, Blandford, Virginia; the Lodge at Fredericksburg, Virginia; and Royal Arch Solomon Lodge No. 2, New York.

138 A number of entries written on blank pages in the bible show that it belonged to the family of Bartholomew West of Bedford, Massachusetts. The entries refer to births, marriages and deaths of family members from 1709 to 1767. This Bible is still in possession of the descendants of the 46th Foot. It reposes in a walnut case with glass lid and a silver inscription which reads “On this Sacred Volume Washington received a degree of Masonry. It was twice taken by the enemy, and both times returned to the Regiment with all the honours of war.”

Newry Barracks. Was this the Bible on which Washington was obligated when he was initiated into the Lodge at Fredericksburg, Virginia139, on November 4, 1753? Or is this the Bible on which George Washington took his oath of office as the first President of the United States? There is sufficient evidence in Dublin (in Grand Lodge archives) to show that it is unlikely that the Bible is either of these. It is much more likely that George Washington visited the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, and may have been required to take an obligation on the Lodge’s Bible that he was a regular Freemason before being admitted as a visitor, or, George Washington may have taken his Mark Master Mason degree in the Lodge and been obligated on the Bible. The loss of any minutes of meetings during this period makes it impossible to know, but certainly the Regimental Lodge has maintained that “On this Sacred Volume Washington received a degree of Masonry.”140 From 1778 until 1782, the 46th was based in the Caribbean. For the next several years the Regiment shuttled between England, Ireland, Gibraltar and the Caribbean. The Lodge is known to have been working in Drogheda in January and February 1790. Cochrane notes that the minutes of Lodge No. 411 IC, Drogheda, for January 3, 1790, refer to the convening of a Lodge of Emergency to form a Committee “. . . to assist the Masters, Wardens & Brethren of Lodges No. 227, 237 & 635 to inspect into the conduct of No. 450, when the Master & Wardens with Bros. Barlow & Graham were appointed accordingly. James Davis, Master; Saml. Martin & Thos. Cullen, Wardens; Marcel Barlow; R. Graham; Robt. Collins, Secy.” In the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, contained on the website of the Gibraltar Provincial Grand Lodge, it is noted that “In 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military or travelling Lodges in Gibraltar, one Irish in the 46th Regiment . . . .” Although Lodge minutes are lacking it is likely that Lodge No. 227 IC may have held meetings while in Gibraltar. A Renewal Warrant was issued on August 17, 1801 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland. Cochrane notes that Volume 1 of the Grand Lodge Registers records 6 brethren registered August 17, 1801 (three names being cited by Cochrane: Pat. Corbett; John Brownlie and Dav. Fortone), and a total of 46 names are recorded, but with no date of registration of the last 11 members, the last recorded date being April 23, 1803. From 1792 to 1805 the Regiment served in both England and the West Indies accompanied by its Lodge. In 1805, while defending Dominica, the chest of the Lodge was captured by French troops, and tradition has it that the Chest was returned in 1808 on the instructions of Napoleon. [Note: This is again a legend, and may, in fact, be true, although there are no references to this in the records of the Grand Lodge of Ireland.] The Renewal Warrant of 1801, however, was lost in the action and reported to Grand Lodge (the report appears in Grand Lodge minutes), and was replaced in July 1805, the Duplicate Warrant being granted to Stephen Donnelle, John Bromlie and David Drummond as Master and Wardens. In 1813-17 the 46th Regiment served in Sydney, Australia. The earliest record of Masonic work in Australia was in 1816 when Lodge No. 227 IC in the 46th Foot held meetings at Sydney. One of their early public activities noted by Cochrane was to lay the foundation stone of Bro. Captain John Piper’s house at

139 This Lodge would later remove to Alexandria and operate under a Warrant from the Provincial Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania and of which Washington would become WM in March 1784 when it was reconstituted as No. 22 under authority from the new Grand Lodge of Virginia.

140 To add to confusion regarding the “Lodge” Bible, is the Lodge’s cherished possession of a very old “Breeches” Bible which was presented to it in 1861 when Bro. Captain Childs had returned to Ireland taking with him the original Lodge Bible. According to the Lodge History (p 48), the “Breeches Bible” is so-called because in Genesis, Chapter 3, verse 7, the word “Breeches” is printed instead of “Aprons” as in later editions. This Bible was printed in London in 1599 and presented by a Mrs. England, wife of Lieutenant Poole England of the 47th Regiment (to which was attached Lodge No. 192 on the Irish Register) to Rev. Bro. John Doty, Chaplain to His Majesty’s Royal New York Regiment, August 28th, 1799, and is endorsed “John Doty” . . . . Rev. Doty retired from the Regiment in 1791 and settled in Sorel, Lower Canada, becoming Rector of the District and prominent in the Craft. In this latter capacity he obtained a Warrant for St. Georges Lodge, No. 16 PRLC(A) and was named as WM in its Warrant dated December 25, 1809. This Lodge lapsed in 1822 and Rev. Doty retained the Bible, later held by his widow, and presented to the Lodge in 1861. It is this Bible which was “retired in 1856.

Eliza Point, Sydney, on November 2, 1816, with 31 brethren participating in the activity under the direction of the Master, W. Bro. Edward Sanderson141. However the Lodge did not believe that civilians should be allowed to join it and it did not initially support the formation of new (civilian) lodges. This position was taken because so many individuals had arrived in the colony under sentence of transportation (that is, they were convicted of crimes in England and transported to the “penal colony” of New South Wales) and the members of the Lodge considered themselves superior to this class of people, even though there were other settlers and merchants who were not criminals or their descendants. In spite of this attitude, several civilians were Initiated into Lodge No. 227, including Thomas Boulton who later affiliated with Lodge No. 218 IC in the 48th Regiment, and which took on the task by supporting the Petition of Australian members (led by Thomas Boulton142) to the Grand Lodge of Ireland which concluded in the successful establishment of Australia Social (Mother) Lodge, No. 260 IC, which was the first (stationary) Lodge on that Continent (and which is now Mother Lodge of Australia, No. 1, GRNSW). As a follow-up note, it is interesting to read that Australia Social Lodge supported the established of the first Irish (stationary) civilian lodge in New Zealand in 1848. Two other civilians who were initiated into Lodge No. 227, probably late in 1815 or early in 1816, included Judge Jeffrey Hart Bent and the Surveyor-General, John Joseph Molesworth Oxley. In another case appearing in Irish records is that of W. Bro. Samuel Clayton, a Past Master of Lodge No. 6, Dublin. He was a printer by profession who, for some “minor” transgression was sent to Australia. He arrived with a letter of introduction from the Grand Lodge which indicated that the situation was “minor” and that W. Bro. Clayton143 should be received by Lodge No. 227. Although the Lodge gave him limited employment printing certificates and By- Laws, they would not receive him or permit him to attend their meetings. [Note: the foregoing is at variance with the 1963 Lodge History, but is based on significant research and analysis by Irish and Australian Masons, and is the current (2003-04) feeling on the role played, or not played, by the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues.] During its four year period in Australia, Lodge No. 227 IC used its Craft Warrant as authority for Mount Olive Royal Arch Chapter, a Knight Templar Encampment and a further body which conferred the degree of Red Cross Knight, all of which were “attached” to the Lodge. The Master and First Principal offices were filled by Captain Edward Sanderson144 of the Regiment. The Lodge Secretary was Lieutenant D. Leith Cox and Scribe of the Chapter was Captain Thomas Miller. The Regiment’s commanding officer, Lieutenant-

141 Only three of the names are included in Cochrane’s notes on Lodge 227 IC: Captain Edward Sanderson as “Right Worshipful Master”; Captain Thomas Miller as Senior Warden; Major John McKenzie as Junior Warden (all of the 46th Foot).

142 According to Cochrane’s notes, Thomas Boulton was a Charter Member of the new Lodge No. 260 IC, and became Banner Bearer. He resigned from Lodge No. 218 and his Clearance Certificate, believed to be the oldest Masonic document in Australia, is preserved. He was made a Mark Master Mason in Lodge 260 on December 11, 1820 and a Royal Ark Mariner on July 15, 1822. He resigned from Lodge No. 260 IC on March 7, 1825 and joined Leinster Marine Lodge, No. 266 IC. A full transcript of the minutes recording the event is contained in History of the Lodge of Antiquity (1963) pp 11-13.

143 W. Bro. Clayton went to become a pillar in Masonic society in New South Wales.

144 Sanderson arrived in the Colony in 1815 and soon became a “lightening rod” for difficult relations between the Regiment, its officers and the Governor over the Governor’s policy of emancipation for the criminals who had changed for the better and could be seen as a positive group in the growth of New South Wales. There is an excellent 14 page review of the 1814-1817 period in New South Wales, the rift between Governor and 46th Foot, and the lasting effects on people in Cochrane’s notes on Lodge No. 227.

Colonel George James Molle145 was a Mason, initiated into another Lodge from one of his earlier postings although no precise details are known, and was the Prior of the Knights Templar Encampment. The Irish notes indicate that the actual designation and placement of some of the degrees remains problematic. The Red Cross degree had previously been known as the Super-Excellent Mason degree and was worked in an “encampment” of Royal Arch Masons. The designation of a brother as “R. C. Knight” could refer to the Red Cross degree, or equally to the “Rose Croix” which was also being worked and which is believed to have been originally a Templar degree. From 1817 until 1832 the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry served in Madras. A total of 83 brethren were registered with Grand Lodge up to April 6, 1818, when 22 brethren (including Lieutenant-Colonel Geo. Moots) were registered. On December 27, 1817, the Provincial Grand Lodge of Madras issued Warrant No. 7, PRMadras to the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues. A new local Warrant, No. 5 PRMadras, was issued in 1821. Prior to its return to England, the Lodge applied to the new United Grand Lodge for a Warrant and received No. 634 ER — but not until 1836. [Note: Warrant No. 634 ER had originally been issued 1814 for Union York Lodge in the 2nd Battalion, Yorkshire Militia. It had been returned to United Grand Lodge in 1829.] John Lane notes that No. 7 (Madras) became No. 5 in 1821 and that the Lodge was extinct before the Warrant from United Grand Lodge arrived and was erased from the Roll on June 4, 1862. During its time in India Cochrane notes that the Lodge lost most of its members from cholera during a march from Cannanore to Hyderabad in 1827, and the Lodge appears to have become dormant. In spite of this “apparent dormancy” the Lodge did continue its existence and remained on the Roll of Grand Lodge. Cochrane notes that Quarter-Master Hugh McDonald of the 46th Foot had been initiated into the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, although the date is not known, and by 1817 was listed as a Past Master of the Lodge. He left the Colony for Madras with the Regiment in 1817 and returned to Sydney in 1819 to gather his wife and four children for the return to India. He suffered an undisclosed illness and died in Sydney on September 9, 1819 at the age of 36 years. He was the first to be buried at Old Sandhills Cemetery, Devonshire Street, Sydney. A military procession was held which was reported in the Sydney Gazette of September 11, 1819, which noted the presence of many Masons (military and civilian) in the procession. In 1833 the Regiment returned to England. Captain William Lacy of the 46th Foot, who had been initiated in 1829 into St. John’s Lodge, Secunderabad and was a member of the Officer’s Mess Committee, accidentally discovered the Masonic chest containing the Bible, Warrant, some books, jewels and a silver trowel and brought them back to England with the Regiment in 1833. The explanation of the discovery in 1831 of the Lodge Chest by Captain Lacy as described in the Lodge History indicates that the Lodge was dormant for some time and members of the Regiment had forgotten that it existed. In 1834 the Regiment was in Weedon Barracks and twelve Masons of the Regiment returned the almost unreadable Warrant to Grand Lodge with a request for its renewal. Grand Lodge agreed to the request provided three names of living members of the Lodge could be provided. Unfortunately only one was known and his name, with two others who were Masons but not belonging to the Lodge were provided and accepted by Grand Lodge given the disastrous circumstances of the Regiment and Lodge members in India. A (third) Renewal Warrant was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on August 7, 1834 to William Lacy (who had just been promoted to Lt. Colonel); John Godwin and Robt. Joseph Edmunds. They were installed as the first officers of the revived

145 George James Molle the son of John Mow (as the surname is recorded in the Parish Register) was borne in Maine, in the Scottish parish of Chirnside, Berwickshire. He joined the Scots Brigade (later the 94th Foot) in June 1793 as an Ensign, serving in Gibraltar, Cape of Good Hope, India, Egypt and Spain, and was regularly promoted, attaining the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel in September 1808. After a period at Gibraltar he was transferred to the 46th Foot in 1813, when the Regiment was transferred to New South Wales. He arrived at Sydney on February 7, 1814 on board the Wyndham, accompanied by his officers and headquarters staff. As the senior serving military officer in the Colony, he was appointed Lieutenant-Governor to the Governor, Major-General Lachlan Macquarie, with whom he had served in India, and in June 1814, he was gazetted as brevet Colonel. It is possible that Colonel Molle was initiated into Lodge of Philanthropists, No. 591 ER(M)/IX Coromandel, which existed from 1801 to 1813, but it is not proven.

Lodge in the Lodge at Canterbury, where the 46th had been stationed. R. V. Harris in his paper The Irish Civilian Lodges of Canada, 1820-1888 (February 20, 1959, Volume 2 Paper 48 of the Canadian Masonic Research Association, published 1986 by The Heritage Lodge , No. 730 GRC) notes that “In 1840 the Lodge was in Halifax, Nova Scotia, but the Lodge was still inactive, and several of its members joined Royal Standard Lodge (Eng. Const.), notably Major F. A. Thesiger, later Baron Chelmsford of Zulu War fame, and Captain Childs.” The Regiment returned briefly to Montreal in 1844146 and Kingston in late 1846; during which time the Lodge remained dormant due to changes of personnel in the Regiment. During this two year period, however, there were contacts with other Montreal Lodges, notably St. Paul’s No. 354 ER (now No. 10 GRQ). W. Bro. Alan Black of St. Paul’s has been able to review the Lodge Minutes which show a close relationship between St. Paul’s and Lodge of Social Friendship, No. 729 ER in the 89th Regiment of Foot (established in 1844), and the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry (46th Foot) during the mid 1840’s when the latter two military Lodges were in Montreal. On May 14, 1844 “A Warrant was then presented to the Lodge (St. Paul’s) by W. Bro. Aaron on behalf of Social Friendship Lodge No. 729, of the 89th . . . requesting that the Lodge instal the officers in accordance with the said Warrant, and the WM was pleased to name Thursday evening next the 16th instant at 7 o’clock for that purpose...” and on May 16, 1844 “Installation of W. Bro, Watson as WM of... No. 729.” On November 19, 1846 “A Lt. R. E. Hornby, of Social Friendship Lodge, elected a joining member” and on January 12, 1847 “Bro. W. Shepherd, of Social Friendship Lodge, a visitor”. On April 11, 1848 the Minutes indicate that the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, “has been regularly constituted in this city by authority of a Warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland.” This same minute notes “Death of Bro. Hornby reported.” Visitation between members of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC and St. Paul’s, No. 374 ER, are regularly reflected in the minutes of the latter — December 27, 1848; December 27, 1849; December 27, 1850; March 9, 1852 (W. Bro. Shepherd recorded as a visitor) and St. Paul’s agrees to rent the Lodge rooms to No. 227 for 7 pounds and 10 shillings per annum; March and April meetings 1854; December 27 1854 and 1855. W. Bro. R. W. Sheppard, in his publication “My Hero”, Segt.-Major William Shepherd, notes that by 1846 there were but three surviving members of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues — Sergeant Robert Cloy147, Captain William Child148 and Colonel William Lacy149 — and the Regiment was under orders to prepare to return to Ireland. An attempt to revive the Lodge with new blood was made and Lt. James Hill- Albory150 and Sergeant James Lumsden151 of the 46th Foot; Captain George Pleydell Mansell152, Quarter-

146 It is interesting that there is no reference to 46th Foot in Montreal in this period mentioned in British Regulars in Montreal: An Imperial Garrison 1832-1858.

147 Sergeant Robert Cloy was a Past Master of the Lodge.

148 Captain William Child was probably the Master in 1846. He had joined the Regiment in India in 1822 as an Ensign.

149 Captain William Lacy was initiated into St. John’s Lodge, No. 17 PRMadras, India, in 1829. In 1846 Colonel Lacy was placed on half pay due to his age and probably would be left behind in Montreal when the Regiment left for Ireland.

150 Lt. James Hill-Albory was initiated into Royal Standard Lodge, No. 564 ER, Halifax.

151 Sergeant James Lumsden was also initiated into Royal Standard Lodge, No. 564 ER, Halifax.

152 Captain George Pleydell Mansell was initiated into Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 396 ER, in the 1st (The Royal) Regiment and later affiliated with the Lodge of Social Friendship, No. 729 IC, in the 89th Foot.

Master Sergeant W. L. Murphy153 and Sergeant G. Wells154 were brought into the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues in November 1846. On May 10, 1847, Captain Lacy as the sole representative of the Lodge, with concurrence of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, delivered the 1834 renewal Warrant and remaining Lodge property (except the Bible which remained in the care of the Regiment, Square and Compasses) to Sergeant William Shepherd155 in Montreal for the purpose of having him assume the Mastership and establish a permanent semi-military Lodge there. W. Bro. Sheppard had been initiated into Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 296 ER, in the 1st Foot, in Montreal, on July 4, 1839, was passed on August 1, 1839 and raised on September 2, 1839. He was an affiliated member of Lodge No. 262 ER, in The King’s Shropshire Light Infantry (85th) and a founding member of Lodge of Integrity, No. 771 ER, in the 14th (The Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment. Sergeant Shepherd acknowledged his assumption of this responsibility for the Lodge.

W. Bro. William Shepherd’s letter of November 4, 1846

The undersigned, a committee appointed to carry into effect the establishment of a Military Masons Lodge at Montreal in Canada, do hereby acknowledge to have received from Bro. Wm. Child, Captain in Her Majesty’s 46th Regiment, the undermentioned Lodge jewels, etc., which we pledge ourselves and successors to return the same to the Brethren of Said Regiment (this being the condition on which we have received them) at any period when the said brethren shall demand the same for the purpose of assembling as a Lodge, our sole object in desiring possession of them and the warrant to which they belong being to keep in operation a charter

153 Quarter-Master Sergeant W. L. Murphy was initiated in Lodge St. John’s, No. 491 ER.

154 Sergeant G. Wells was also initiated in Lodge St. John’s, No. 491 ER.

155 W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his publication “My Hero”, Segt.-Major William Shepherd, September 1992, notes that William Shepherd was born at Woolwich on September 22, 1819 where his father, William (a member of the Royal Artillery), had returned after the end of fighting in the Peninsula in 1814. The son, William, joined the Royal Horse Artillery on July 18, 1833, and was posted on March 1, 1835, as a gunner in the 2nd Battalion, Royal Artillery. He was promoted to Bombardier on April 5, 1837. On April 27, 1838, Bombardier William Shepherd sailed to Canada with his Battalion. He spent over 14 years in Montreal and two years in Kingston, and was successively promoted to Corporal (October 5, 1842), Sergeant (April 1, 1846), Colour Sergeant (March 16, 1849), and Staff/Sergeant Major (September 22, 1855). He left for England on October 1, 1854 and provided training for artillery personnel during the expansion to fight the Crimean War. He was retired on September 21, 1858 after 21 years’ service, in possession of four good conduct badges and a Long Service medal. Immediately after leaving the Royal Artillery he was recruited as a 1st Class Pay-clerk in the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich. He was promoted to Paymaster R. A. in May 1861 with a posting to Sheerness on the Isle of Sheppey (then a naval base with a dockyard, and a Royal Artillery garrison for defence). He was made Hon. Major on May 14, 1876 and went on half pay on March 13, 1878. He died at Cardiff on January 31, 1895, aged 75 years. His masonic career began in Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge, No. 296 ER, in the 1st Regiment of Foot, at Montreal, where he was initiated on July 4, 1839, passed on August 1, 1839 and raised on September 5, 1839. He was an affiliated member of Lodge No. 262 ER, in The King’s Shropshire Light Infantry (89th); a founder member of the Lodge of Social Friendship, No. 729 IC, in the 89th Foot and of Lodge of Integrity, No. 771 ER, in the 14th (The Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment of Foot. On May 10, 1847 he received the 1834 renewal Warrant and Lodge regalia of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, in the 46th Regiment which was without sufficient members to continue working. With the approval of the Grand Lodge of Ireland he assumed the Mastership and established a permanent semi-military Lodge which is still operating presently as Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRQ, Montreal. After returning to Woolwich in 1854 he affiliated with Union-Waterloo Lodge, No. 13 ER; and with his posting to Sheerness he joined Adam’s Lodge, No. 184 ER (originally No. 207, ER(A) from 1778 and presently No. 158 ER). In 1865 W. Bro. William Sheppard became a member and second Master of De Shurland Lodge, No. 1089 ER, Sheerness. In addition to his love of the Craft, W. Bro. Ray Shepherd notes that “it is known that he (W. Bro. William Shepherd) joined the Royal Arch, Mark, and I am sure the K. T. Degrees”.

which so many interesting circumstances have rendered invaluable in the estimation of Freemasons. Viz. Jewels with Collars, Masters, Past Masters, Secretary, Treasurer and Tyler; Senior Warden and Junior Warden; Tin. Three Mallets. Four Pillars or Columns. Four Seals of sorts. One Plumb Rule. One Collar. One Sash. Six Aprons. One Black Silk Bag. One Silver Trowel. (Signed) WILLIAM SHEPHERD, Sgt Major Dated, Montreal, Canada, November 4th, 1846

[Source: History of Lodge of Antiquity, p 20.]

To obtain approval of the Grand Lodge of Ireland for this action, the few remaining members of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227, wrote the following letter:

Montreal, Canada 26th November 1846 Sir & Brother, The Brethren of H. M. 46th Regiment of Foot holding the Warrant No. 227, dated at Dublin the second day of August A.L. 5834, and constituting the “Lodge of Social and Military Virtues”, having for a length of time past, from a variety of circumstances have been prevented from assembling as a Lodge, have now, at the request of the undersigned Master Masons consented to the transfer to us of the said Warrant provided the Most Worshipful The Grand Lodge of Ireland be pleased to sanction the same. We, therefore, having at heart, the advancement and prosperity of the Craft, and being desirous of forming ourselves into a Lodge for the purpose aforesaid, do respectfully request that the M. W. The Grand Lodge of Ireland will be pleased to grant us the requisite authority to assemble as a Lodge in the City of Montreal, in the Province of Canada, under the said Warrant, and we hereby pledge ourselves to act strictly in accordance with the Constitutions and dictates of that august body. We beg to acquaint you that we have nominated Brother William Shepherd to be Master, William Robinson to be S. Warden and Robert Balfour to be J. Warden, and that we have appointed the First Thursday in each month for our regular meeting. And as our names have been registered in the books of the Grand Lodge of England, we take the liberty of referring you thereto, should such a proceeding be considered necessary. If not inconsistent with or contrary to the Constitutions, and it be in the possession of the Grand Lodge, we would beg to be entrusted with the Warrant, in lieu of which the present was granted bearing date about the Year of our Lord, 1752, many circumstances having occurred to render it a document of no ordinary interest, and moreover to be allowed to work, if possible under the same, instead of that now in force. If a statement of the requisite Fees to be required by the Grand Lodge be forwarded with the authority herein requested, it will be promptly responded to. The circumstances of there being (so far as we are aware) no Lodge in Montreal, Canada, holding from the Grand Lodge of ireland, and our having no means of reference to its Book of Constitutions will, we trust, be deemed a sufficient apology for any informality or deficiency in this application and should our request be complied with we beg you will have the kindness either to forward to us by mail a copy of the Constitutions, or acquaint us with any material points of difference having reference to what may be required of us for the information of the Grand Lodge, which may exist between those of the Grand Lodges of England to which we have a copy and those of Ireland. A reply to this, at your earliest convenience will be gratefully received by, Sir and Brother, your obedient servants. W. Shepherd, late WM 729, registry of England William Robinson, late of Do Do R. Balfour Do Do

Philip St. Hill156 Do Do F. Fairbraes Do Do Robert Colquhoun Do Do A. Courtenay late of 396 Do Wm. Stevenson Do Do D. Newman late of Lodge 83 of Ireland

We, the undersigned Masters and Past Masters of Lodges in this City, recommend a compliance with the foregoing application — Montreal, Canada T. Douglas Harington 26th November 1846 W.M. St. John’s Lodge W. Wright, P.M. No. 643, England of Lodges 216, 643 & 729 D. Norrice John Dean, PM157 P.M. No. 643 643 England England

Be pleased to address under cover to Mr. Philip St. Hill, Government Office, Montreal.

PS In order that no doubt may arise as to any unwillingness on the part of the Brethren of the 46th Regiment, to part with the Warrant, I issue an extract of a letter from one of their members — viz:

“I send you the Warrant 227 in charge of the Steward of the Highlander Steam Boat to Lachine, which he assures me will be delivered into your hands safe.” “Captain Child’s good wishes accompany the Warrant for its success.” “You will on receiving the Warrant communicate with me, as I, as well as the Captain, shall be glad to hear of its safe arrival.” “May the blessing of God attend you in your exertions to promote the welfare of the Craft, and mankind generally is the prayer of yours fraternally.” Signed: Robert Cloy, Sergeant 46th Certified as true extracts. 227 W. Shepherd Application from Montreal Wm. Robinson For transfer of Warr. The Grand Secretary to the Rec’d Decr. 1846 M. W. the Grand Lodge of Ireland Wrote July 27, 1847

156 Philip St. Hill was a West Indian in the employ of the colonial government at Montreal. He later removed to Toronto where he was a charter member of St. John’s Lodge, No. 55 PRCW (now No. 75 GRC), at its institution on November 25, 1856.

157 W. Bro. John Dean had been Secretary of the (First) Grand Masonic Convention at Kingston in 1818 and had served as Provincial Grand Secretary of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Upper Canada (R. W. Bro. Simon McGillivray) from 1822 to 1845.

that it is irregular & they must apply for new Wt.

[Source: R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, copy of original in Grand Lodge of Ireland archives.]

During February 1847, the Grand Secretary wrote to the Lodge expressing the inability to comply with the request and the Petitioners replied on March 28, 1847, with another (i.e. second) Petition to transfer the Warrant to the civilian Lodge.

Freemasons Hall, Dublin, February 26th, 1847 Dear Sir and Brother I duly received your favor of 26th November last, respecting Masonic “warrant No. 227", and in reply beg to state that the members of the Lodge had no right to transfer the warrant to any other parties without leave first obtained from the Grand Lodge. You certainly have acted very properly in making the application as you have done, and which I have no doubt would meet every attention under other circumstances, but the warrant 227, having been granted to the 46th regiment nearly 100 years ago as a military warrant to be attached to the regiment only, if the members could not continue working it, they should have returned it to us which would have prevented any increase of dues or arrears accumulated against it, and we would have kept the number unissued as long as they wished, to give them the opportunity of redeeming it if they should hereafter desire it. With respect to the original warrant, it was returned to us many years ago, so defaced and worn out that it was quite illegible, and the one you have was issued in lieu of it. The old one was, of course, immediately cancelled. I have observed that Sgt. Robert Cloy, who sent you that warrant is not a registered member of 227, and, therefore, had no authority to act as he has done. Captain Child is. If you are desirous of taking out a warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland you will please forward a memorial, similar in substance to that already sent, and at the same time sending the old warrant, and you can have the same number if you wish it, indeed it is the earliest number now at our disposal, so many new warrants have been applied for, and issued within the last two or three years, that all the senior numbers are taken up that were vacant. I enclose a copy of our laws for your information by which you will perceive that every application for a new warrant should have the recommendation of the neighbouring Lodges, but as there are none under the Irish Constitution in the vicinity of Montreal, it would be advisable to get as many signatures of registered Irish Masons as possible. Bro. D..... of 83 and Jer. O’Connell of 185 are both registered with us. Also the recommendation of the Masters of the English Lodges, as were attached to your former application. I am, dear Sir and Bro., Yours faithfully, (Signed) Per JOHN FOWLER, D.G.S. GEO. RANKIN Wm. Shepherd, Esq Montreal

[Source: History of Lodge of Antiquity, p 20.]

Montreal, Canada 26th March 1847

Sir & Brother I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Br. Rankin’s obliging communication of the 26th February last, with enclosures, and beg leave to request you, in reference thereto, 1stly That Brs. Major Campbell and Captain Child (the only remaining members of the Lodge, we believe) have not relinquished their right to the Warrant, but only consented to its transfer to us, in the event of the Grand Lodge sanctioning such proceeding: from this you will perceive that the Warrant has not been transferred, but

only entrusted, to us - 2ndly That Br. Robt. Clog acted only as the medium of communication between the above-mentioned Brethren and us. The 46th Regiment being at a distance of 200 miles from Montreal, and we beg to explain that our only object, in forwarding an extract from his letter, was to shew to the Grand Lodge that there existed no objection to the transfer of the Warrant. Bro. Clog therefore, we respectfully suggest, is not to be blamed in this matter. 3rdly That it was not with a view to effect a saving of expense, that we applied for a transfer of the Warrant, No. 227, in preference to a new one, but rather, to possess one, the original of which is of so ancient a date, and which so many circumstances have contributed to render (together with the Jewels, which the brethren of the 46th Regiment had generously entrusted to our care) of great value in Masonic estimation. We therefore beg leave, most urgently to request that our application of 20th November last may be granted—viz to transfer to us and the Brethren named in the annexed paragraph (registered Master Masons under the Irish Constitution) of the Warrant No. 227, and in the event of the request being acceded to, we will become responsible to the Grand Lodge for the amount of dues &c owing by the late Lodge, and will, with pleasure, forward herewith the customary fees &c consequent on the transfer of the Charter, registries &c, on account of which, if sent to us, with your reply, will meet with prompt attention. We would, in conclusion, respectfully request a speedy reply to this communication, as much longer delay may reduce our numbers, and render more difficult the formation of a Lodge. We are Sir & Brother Yours fraternally W. Shepherd ) For the Will. Robinson ) Brethren P. St. Hill )

We the undersigned Master Masons registered in the Books of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, desire to inscribe in the foregoing application, and in that of the 26th November 1846 (a copy of which we have perused) it being our purpose to become members of the Lodge No. 227, if permitted by the Grand Lodge of Ireland to be constituted. Jeremiah C. Connally, No. 182, Curran John Dalton, No. 295 Shamas Donaldson, No. 754 Robert Smythe, No. 588 Campbell Stewart, No. 588 T. W. Rays, No. 588 D. Gillan, No. 229 John Fowler, Esq, D. G. Secretary

[Source: R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, copy of original in Grand Lodge of Ireland archives.]

On the reverse of the letter is the following notation by the Grand Secretary: “227. For Board of Gen. Pur. about transfer of Wart. Rec’d April 16/47. Gr. Lodge Order. issue a new Warrant same No. on old on being returned. Wrote 10 May 1847.” But delays, either in actioning by the Grand Secretary, or in mailing, led the (new) Lodge to again write to Grand Lodge on June 12, 1847. This letter is signed by seventeen members — William Shepherd (late 729 ER), William Robinson (late 729 ER), Robert Balfour (late 729 ER), George J. Stanley (late 643 ER), A. Courtenay (late 396 ER), Philip S. Hill (late 396 ER), William Stevenson (late 396 ER), Jeremiah O’Connell (late 185 IR), Robert Colquhoun (late 396 ER), C. Newman (late 83 IR), John Dalton (late 295 IR), James Courtenay (late 551 IR), J. Wray (late 588 IR), D. Gillan (late 229 IR), Patrick Hayes (late 817 IR), Andrew McHenry (late 47 IR) and W. G. Malcolm (late 729 ER)—listed here to show the growth in potential

Lodge membership by affiliates from other Lodges. This third Petition carries the following notation of the Grand Secretary “227 Memorial for new Warrant for Montreal Recd June 29, 1847. Sent Warrant158 July 2/47 addressed to M. W. Shepherd under cover to Philip S. Hill, Gov. Officer, Montreal.” Mail certainly seemed destined to be a problem—while it took only three weeks for the June 29 Petition to reach the Grand Secretary’s desk and result in a decision, on October 13, W. Bro. Shepherd was again writing Dublin requesting a decision and the Warrant, indicating that it had certainly not reached Montreal. A further followup dated December 8 indicated that the Post Office reported it had not received the packet containing the new Warrant. Receipt of the new Warrant “so long in our Post Office unknown to me” would not be acknowledged by W. Bro. Shepherd until March 14, 1848. Part of the reason for the overall delay is explained on page 20 of the Lodge History — that to save postage, Sergeant Shepherd had asked that the Warrant be returned via the “Gov. Officer, Montreal” and there was 5/2½d for “postage due” and, of course, nothing was being released without the postage due being paid. While these exchanges were occurring, the Headquarters staff and part of the 46th Foot left Kingston in September 1847 and were soon followed by the rest of the Regiment, heading for England and home. Their route via various ships would see them pass through Montreal, Quebec and Halifax (where they wintered from October 1847 to May 1848), and would arrive at Portsmouth in June 1848. With this departure the linkage between the Regiment and the Lodge would be sundered forever. It is interesting to read that although the “old” Lodge No. 227 was 13 years in arrears of dues, Grand Lodge charged only £7.00 for the new Warrant. R. V. Harris noted in his work on Irish Lodges in Canada that the “Warrant had actually been dissolved when in Halifax in 1845” (presumably meaning that Grand Lodge had erased the Warrant and removed it from the list of active Warrants and Lodges) but Grand Lodge obviously overlooked this matter as the physical Warrant was still in the hands of the last members of the Lodge. The new Lodge No. 227 IC was formally instituted on March 23, 1848 and the first officers of the (new) Lodge No. 227 IC were installed and invested: W. Bro. William Shepherd, WM; Bro. William Robinson, SW; Bro. G. Malcolm, JW; Bro. Dalton, Treasurer; Bro. G. Stanley, Secretary; Bro. St. Hill, SD; Bro. Stevenson, JD; Bro. Morcalty, IG and Bro. Colquhoun, Tyler (Lodge History, p 28). The records of St. Paul’s Lodge, No. 778 ER, Montreal, for August 11, 1848, note that a communication from the Provincial Grand Secretary advised of the action of the Irish Grand Lodge and the installation and investiture of officers on December 7, 1848. The By-Laws of the new Lodge were drafted, approved and printed in 1848, bearing date April 6, 1848. Meetings were to be held on the first Thursday of every month, at 8 pm in the evening from May 1 to October 31 and at 7 pm from November 1 to April 30. Dues of two shillings and sixpence were levied at each meeting for those within three miles of the Lodge and reduced by half for those who resided further away; visitors were charged 2/6d per meeting only if they partook of refreshments after the meeting. The initiation fee of £3-15-0 was paid on entry for all degrees and registration with Dublin and the affiliation fee of twelve shillings and sixpence was paid unless the member were a military person in which case the fee was 6/3d “in consideration of having frequently to pay a joining fee.” Fines for drunkenness were fixed. The first initiation was worked in 1848 (no date is given in the Lodge History) and the brother (James Doyle) was passed on January 4, 1849 and raised on February 1, 1849. On August 8, 1852, the Montreal Masonic Hall which was shared by several Lodges, including the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, burned to the ground and much of the materiel in the building was lost. The Lodge Secretary’s report to Grand Lodge (dated August 23, 1852 and signed by W. Bro. William Robinson, Lodge Secretary) noted that “when the Masonic Hall was in flames, a young initiated Brother, Robert A. Malcolm (son of our P.M.) rushed into the burning building at the peril of his life and rescued from destruction our Lodge Chest and Jewels but the Warrant being in a neat frame and together with other Warrants was hung around the walls of the room which at this time was found impracticable and two attempts were unsuccessful from smoke that filled the building almost to suffocation.” The letter goes on to request the issue of another Duplicate Warrant. Notwithstanding the payment of fees for a new Warrant

158 This refers to a new Warrant for the Lodge bearing the old number “227".

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 175 and several letters, a formal complaint for the “inaction” of R. W. Bro. Fowler, Grand Secretary, was finally made on March 7, 1853 although the Duplicate Warrant finally arrived at the end of that month. On July 27, 1854, Lodge No. 26 IC in the 26th (The Cameronians) Regiment of Foot159, convened an Emergency Meeting, to install the Master and Officers of Independent Lodge, No. 237 IC. W. Bro. William Shepherd was seated as Installing Master. His masonic career continued and W. Bro. R. Sheppard notes that before he left Canada “it is known that he joined the Royal Arch, Mark, and I am sure the K. T. Degrees.” From July 2, 1847 to April 1835, sixty-four members of the Lodge were registered with Grand Lodge. On October 10, 1855, representatives of the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, met with representatives of other Lodges in Hamilton, Canada West, and by the end of the day “an independent ‘Grand Lodge of Canada’ was proclaimed . . .” and M. W. Bro. William Mercer Wilson was elected as Grand Master, R. W. Bro. A. Bernard (a PM of St. George’s Lodge, Montreal and proxy delegate for Lodge No. 227) as Deputy Grand Master and R. W. Thomas Bird Harris as Grand Secretary. On his return to Montreal, R. W. Bro. Bernard reported on the Hamilton meeting. The brethren of Lodge No. 227 “passed a resolution of thanks and admitted him as an honorary member . . . (and) further approved and confirm(ed) the conduct of (the) proxy delegate . . . and will affiliate with the said Lodges . . . that this (i.e. No. 227) Lodge recognize the ‘Grand Lodge of Canada’ as the supreme and only legitimate authority in Canada . . . (and) that this Lodge hereby surrenders its warrant to the ‘Grand Lodge of Ireland’ and will hereafter exist under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Grand Lodge.” The Irish Warrant was returned to Dublin on December 3, 1858, the Lodge History noting only that the delay was “unexplained.” The reason for the delay was clearly that the Grand Secretary, R. W. Bro. Thomas B. Harris would not send surrendered Irish warrants to Dublin until they had all been collected and assembled in Hamilton. At its first meeting after becoming a “Canadian Lodge”, the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues received representatives from St. Paul’s, Zetland and St. George’s Lodges, all of which had joined the new Grand Lodge. But all was not smooth. With No. 227's action at becoming No. 1 of Canada, the close and warm relations between St. Paul’s, No. 374 ER, and No. 227 IC changed drastically. This situation is reflected in two letters which were read out in open Lodge in St. Paul’s — the first being from the WM to Lodge 227 IC, and the second being a communication from the Provincial Grand Master of Montreal and William Henry. The WM of St. Paul’s wrote as follows: “28th December, 1855. On the return last evening of the Deputation of Brethren sent by St. Paul’s Lodge to convey to the Sister Lodges in this City, the expression of good feelings which existed towards them on the part of St. Paul’s, a report was made by one of the Brethren from which it appeared that I had been labouring under a misapprehension in supposing that the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, before determining to place themselves under the jurisdiction of the proposed Grand Lodge of Canada—had received authority from the Grand Lodge of Ireland so to do, and further were still working under the warrant granted to them by that Grand Lodge, as was stated by Bro. Stanley of the Lodge of Social & Military Virtues to Bro. Bethune of St. Paul’s. I regret extremely that I was not aware of the real facts, as communicated to you by the Deputation—viz., that you had placed yourselves under the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge of Canada without authority from the Grand Lodge of Ireland and had surrendered your warrant—as it would have saved me the pain of making this communication by preventing the sending of a deputation to the Lodge of Social & Military Virtues, or the receiving the Brethren of that Lodge, who visited St. Paul’s, in any other character that as Brethren of the order and our welcome guests. So long as the Lodge of Social & Military Virtues remains in its present position, it is impossible for St. Paul’s to recognize it as a Lodge, although I hope I need scarcely say that we shall retain towards the individual members of it the same good feeling that has always hitherto existed.” R. W. Bro. Badgley’s circular to all the Lodges in the Provincial Jurisdiction regarding the illegal

159 This Lodge, in the 26th (The Cameronian) Regiment was established under Warrant No. 309 IC, dated December 7, 1758. This Warrant was returned to the Grand Lodge of Ireland on June 24, 1823, in exchange for No. 26 IC. The Lodge met for the last time in 1914, although the Warrant was not surrendered to Grand Lodge until 1922.

February 2, 1856

Until the Meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge, for the District of Montreal and William Henry, shall have been held, and which the P. G. Secretary has been directed to summon for about the 1st March, for the investigation of divers subjects of Masonic complaint in the aforesaid Jurisdiction, the Provincial Grand Master has deemed it proper to minute a few observations for communication to, and the guidance of, the Lodges in his District, whose Masters have appeared before him lately, in obedience to his summons, for that purpose, and whose minutes have been transmitted for his examination and observation.

Without adverting to the opinions expressed in the minutes for the establishment of an Independent Grand Lodge of Canada, the PGM will content himself, at present, with the expression of his conviction, that participation in the meeting at Hamilton, of individual Masons, acting as a self constituted body, for masonic purposes, is in direct contravention of the constitution and principles of Masonry; that its proceedings are at variance with the Laws and Regulations of the Craft; and that any assumption or act of authority, derived from that source, by individual Masons, or by any so called Lodge, is irregular and illegal.

Any Lodge, warranted or not, or any ten or dozen Masons, connected , or not, with a Lodge, as Masons, have equal power of self-constitution into an independent society, at once setting at nought the principle of derived authority, and the Regulations of the Craft which forbid the assembly of Masons for Masonic purposes, without Warrant, and, at the same time, expressly declare that it is incompetent for any man, or body of men, to make innovations in the body of Masonry.

The PGM further observes, that a warrant, from proper authority, can along constitute a legal assemblage of Masons. The term Lodge, originally and properly, the place where Masons meet, is applied, in common language, to the persons who meet together, as Masons, to work the Warrant under certain By-Laws and the general Regulations of the Craft, but the individual members exist as Masons, actively belonging to the Craft, only in the warrant, and a withdrawal, or separation, from that authority leaves them incapable of Masonic action. The withdrawal of a member of a Lodge is an abandonment of the warrant, with all its incidents and appurtenances, and of all connection with, or right of property in them, which subsist in the remaining, or last remaining, member; otherwise, however distant the withdrawal, the retiring member might claim to participate in the administration and property of a Lodge. The property, jewels and furniture of a Lodge are the property of its active associated members - the withdrawal of any leaves the warrant, minute book, muniments and property in possession of them, or of him, remaining in connection with the authority under which alone they may assemble and act as Masons.

A unanimous agreement by all the members to dissolve the Lodge, or the withdrawal of all, absolutely renders the warrant inoperative, and necessitates the return of the warrant, minutes, etc., etc., to the authority competent to receive them - the Grand Lodge or its delegated authority. But, without this unanimity, the warrant is operative in even one surviving member, because the authority in the warrant is not derived from the members, but given to each and all, and of a right to which, subsisting in one, severally, as fully it subsisted, jointly, in all, he cannot be deprived by the decisions or opinions of other members. Majorities do not control minorities in this matter, and their resolutions have effect upon themselves only as individual members, but cannot interfere with minorities, however, small.

A reference to the Book of Constitutions, peculiarly influencing Masters of Lodges, shows this general rule, under the head, ‘Private Lodges’. Page 70, Edition of 1847, para. 32: - ‘As every Warranted Lodge is a constituent part of the Grand Lodge (that is, the Grand Lodge of England) in which assembly all the power of the Fraternity resides, it is clear, that no other authority can destroy the power granted by a warrant. If, therefore, the majority of any Lodge, should determine to quit the Society, or that Lodge, the constitution, or power of assembly, remains with the rest of the members who adhere to their allegiance. If all the members of a Lodge withdraw themselves, their warrant ceases and becomes extinct; and all authority, thereby granted or enjoyed,

reverts to the Grand Master.’

The PGM need scarcely observe that the establishing of another Lodge, under different authority, with a declaration of ceasing to belong to the Lodge constituted, and acting under warrant is, to all intents, an evident withdrawal, unless the member renews his connection, and separates himself from the New Society.

The PGM further observes, that a suspension to hold Lodge Meetings under the warrant is no abandonment of the instrument, or dissolution of the Lodge - the remaining members, at the first convenient opportunity, resume their meetings in conformity with their By-Laws and the Regulations of the Craft in the same manner as if the Regular assemblies had been suspended by events beyond the control of the Lodge.

The PGM is unwilling to extend these observations at this time; his desire is to remove misconception by the members of the Lodges, of the extent of their privileges as Masons, and of the controlling power of majorities in Lodges. He will rejoice if a consideration of the foregoing should have the effect he desires to accomplish, of preventing unconstitutional actions by Masons in his District, and will simply add, in conclusion, his readiness to restore and place in the circle of Masonic connection all who, from misconception, or want of sufficient knowledge of the principles of the Institution, may erred and gone from its landmarks.

(sgd.) W. Badgley; PGM

[Source: R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, copy of original in Grand Lodge of Ireland archives.]

The foregoing attitude was not shared by the Grand Lodge of Ireland which had communicated with each of its subordinate Lodges and reported that it had immediately recognized the new Grand Lodge of Canada. By virtue of its action in affiliating with the new Grand Lodge of Canada, at the First Annual Communication (July 10 and 11, 1856, Hamilton), “The committee appointed to determine the respective numbers of the Lodges under this jurisdiction, adopting the principle determined upon by the Grand Lodge . . .” recommended the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues to be granted Warrant “No. 1" in view of its seniority on the roll of the new Grand Lodge. At the 2nd Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Canada (July 8-10, 1857, Montreal), the Lodge was, surprisingly, not represented until 8 pm in the evening, when the Committee on Credentials recommended that Bro. C. VanFelson, of the Lodge be admitted. At that time the report of the DDGM of the Montreal District, R. W. Bro. P. D. Brown was received. In his report the DDGM reported that there were six Lodges in the District160 which had lost two venerable WMs in the year: W. Bro. Colonel Robert Hoyle, of Hoyle Lodge, Lacolle and V. W. Bro. William M. Brown, of The Lodge of Social and Military Virtues. At this Communication Grand Lodge agreed to change the name of the Lodge to “Lodge of Antiquity”, to allow the members to wear gold instead of silver jewels and to give the Lodge precedence over all other Lodges in the jurisdiction. The resolution for this change of name is recorded in the Proceedings:

Resolution: It was moved by R. W. Bro. Stephens, seconded by R. W. Bro. Simpson, and unanimously adopted, That the “Lodge of Social and Military Virtues” shall henceforth be called, the “LODGE OF ANTIQUITY”

160 The six were: The Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 1 GRC, Montreal; St. George’s Lodge, No. 13 GRC, Montreal; Zetland Lodge, No. 15 GRC, Montreal; Hoyle Lodge, Lacolle (13 members); St. Andrew’s Lodge of St. Andrews and Jacques Cartier Lodge (“which never flourished at all”) (1857 Proceedings, p 135-6).

Wear gold instead of silver jewels, and take precedence of all numbered lodges.

The Lodge History (p 39) indicates that this name change was made to correspond with that made by the “original No. 1" which had met at the Goose and Gridiron in St. Paul’s churchyard and which had changed its name to “Lodge of Antiquity.” A motion in December 1934 to change the name back to “the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues” was defeated. In June 1858 a letter was sent to the Grand Lodge of Ireland from the Grand Lodge of Canada which says in part “The following is a list of affiliated Lodges from your jurisdiction Nos. 211, 222, 209, 227, 231, 232, 236, 286, 323, 358, also Wellington Lodge 359 Stratford, and 232 St. Thomas Lodge (13 lodges), many of the foregoing report they have already sent back their Warrants but should either have neglected to do so I shall be most happy in affording you any further information on the subject. Thos. B. Harris.” In a letter dated April 1, 1857, the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge of Ireland wrote to confirm the age of the original Warrant No. 227 (March 4, 1752—which fell into abeyance but was revived about 1801, Duplicate issued when original lost at Dominica in 1805, new Duplicate issued August 1834, new civilian Warrant in 1847, and Duplicate civilian in 1853) and that the extant Warrant of 1853 had been surrendered in 1858. At the 3rd Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Canada (July 14, 1858, Toronto), The Lodge of Antiquity, unnumbered in accordance with its seniority, was represented by W. Bro. Edwin Morris, PM and Bro. Philip Henry, SW. The Report of the DDGM of Montreal District, R. W. Bro. John Helder Isaacson, indicated only five Lodges were working (Jacques Cartier Lodge is noted as being “to all intents and purposes defunct and it was recommended that Grand Lodge call in the Warrant). At this Communication the Ancient Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Canada amalgamated into the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of Canada. At the 4th Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge of Canada (July 13, 1859, Kingston), The Lodge of Antiquity was represented by V. W. Bro. P. Henry, SW and R. W. Bro. E. Morris, PM. In his report, the DDGM of Montreal District, R. W. Bro. E. Morris, reported The Lodge of Antiquity to be in a flourishing condition and the five Lodges of the District had been supplemented by the application for affiliation received from Dorchester Lodge of St. John’s. In the List of Subordinate Lodges, R. W. Bro. E. Morris is listed as WM. At the 5th Annual Communication (July 11, 1860, Ottawa), the Lodge was represented by R. W. Bro. E. Morris, WM; Bro. Marshall Scholes, SW and Bro. F. C. Dettmers, JW. In his report, the DDGM of Montreal District, R. W. Bro. E. Morris, reported the Lodge in good working order. The Dominion of Canada was formed on July 1, 1867 with four provinces—Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia—and members of the Lodge noted that Freemasons were in the process of forming two new Grand Lodges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. This change to Dominion status “created the desire in the hearts of many Masons in the province of Quebec, to work for their own independence, Masonically speaking, by forming a ‘Grand Lodge of Quebec’.” Such desires in no way conflicted with the Lodge of Antiquity’s duty towards its Grand Lodge and on July 27, 1869, the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, M. W. Bro. Lt.-Col. Alexander Allan Stevenson, convened a special meeting of the Lodge of Antiquity (of which he was an honorary member) for the purposes of receiving R. W. Bro. Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, Prime Minister of Canada, in his capacity as representing the Grand Lodge of England near to the Grand Lodge of Canada. An informal meeting of Freemasons in Montreal on August 12, 1869, discussed the situation facing the craft in the province and it was agreed to convene a meeting of the representatives of Lodges representing the several jurisdictions working in Quebec, on September 24, 1869. This second meeting resulted in agreement to meet on October 20 in the “British Masonic Chambers” in Montreal to proceed “. . . if so decided, to the formation of a Grand Lodge for the Province of Quebec . . . .” Representatives of twenty-one Lodges met and formed the Grand Lodge of Quebec. The Lodge of Antiquity, remaining loyal to the Grand Lodge of Canada, did not attend. It was not alone and difficulties would ensue until the total withdrawal of the Grand Lodge of Canada from the province in 1874: some Lodges like Antiquity, retained their “Canadian identity” until the last moment, while others split into two separate Lodges (one Canadian and one Quebec) and some of these split Lodges never did amalgamate. For the Lodge of Antiquity, a good example of the challenges came at its meeting of December 5,

1872. The DDGM of the District of Montreal and William Henry of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, R. W. Bro. Richard Bull, visited the Lodge and posed two questions: (1) Is it the opinion of your Lodge desirable, and for the interests of Masonry that an independent Grand Lodge for Quebec should exist? and (2) If yes: then in the event of the so-called Grand Lodge of Quebec expressing their willingness to accept and enroll our Lodges, as at present, constituted in the said Province, would your Lodge consent to, and be satisfied with such an arrangement? The response of the Lodge was a motion, duly seconded and approved, that “. . . the members of this Lodge of Antiquity appreciate the privilege extended to them . . . of discussing a subject . . . (formerly) regarded as Masonic treason, but nevertheless they . . . decline (to) enter upon the discussion of any question, which either directly or indirectly would involve the disruption of such an honorable, dignified and respected body as the Most Worshipful The Grand Lodge of Canada, of Free and Accepted Masons, under whose authority this Lodge exists and intends to exist.” This discussion was reported to M. W. Bro. Wilson who replied on January 8, 1873, thanking the Lodge for its “steady and unswerving allegiance.” By March 1874, the then Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, M. W. Bro. William Benjamin Simpson reported that the difficulties had been settled “between the Lodge of Canada” and his edict removing suspensions and resuming friendly intercourse were read. In preparation of an Emergent Communication of the Grand Lodge of Canada on July 23, 1874, the Lodge of Antiquity voted to instruct its delegate “to represent to Grand Lodge that this Lodge desires to maintain its allegiance to the Grand Lodge of Canada, and to retain its present position.” At the Convocation the representative made every effort to put the case that there was no unanimity on the Quebec question as long as one Lodge, Antiquity, wished to remain loyal to the Grand Lodge of Canada. He then proposed an amendment to the resolution of the Board of General Purposes “That any Lodge in Quebec should be permitted to retain its allegiance to the Grand Lodge of Canada.” The amendment was defeated on being put to a vote. Subsequently the Grand Lodge of Canada completed its agreement with the Grand Lodge of Quebec concerning the former’s total withdrawal from the Province of Quebec. The Lodge of Antiquity named a committee to treat with the Grand Lodge of Quebec and on August 6, 1874, R. W. Bro. Thomas Milton, DDGM, Grand Lodge of Quebec and R. W. Bro. Alexander Murray, PM, Victoria Lodge, No. 17 GRQ, as representatives of the Grand Lodge of Quebec were received by the Lodge of Antiquity. They announced “on behalf of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, that it was the desire of the Grand Lodge of Quebec to receive this Lodge with all due consideration as to her position in the Craft, and the wishes of the members.” The Warrant as No. 0, which had gone missing161, was received back by the Lodge in September 1874, “just in time for it to be endorsed by the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, on September 23, 1874, at the Fifth Communication of that Grand Body “. . . when our Lodge (of Antiquity) together with seventeen other Lodges previously connected with the ‘Grand Lodge of Canada’, affiliated with the Grand Lodge of Quebec.” The Lodge of Antiquity did not receive a new number until September 26, 1877, when the Grand Lodge of Quebec numbered it as No. 1, giving the Lodge the senior position on the roll. The minutes of the October 1881 meeting of the Lodge of Antiquity refer to a proposed amalgamation with Victoria Lodge, No. 26 GRQ, Montreal. After two years of negotiation the amalgamation was effected on December 20, 1883. Although the Warrant of No. 26 was returned to Grand Lodge, Victoria’s bible was in use on the Lodge altar until 1956, when it was “retired.” Victoria’s regalia was passed on for the use of Victoria Lodge, No. 73 GRQ, Lachine, in 1890 (the Lodge now meets in Pierrefonds). In 1956 the Lodge of Antiquity supported the formation of Meridian Lodge (now Meridian Royal Alexandra since 1999), No. 125 GRQ, Pierrefonds and provided the charter WM (W. Bro. Gordon A. Lynn). As a Lodge with a long and proud military heritage, the Lodge of Antiquity has provided support for

161 “No names, no pack drill” is applied in the Lodge History in describing how the Warrant went missing. Several Lodges shared the same facilities and those which had joined the new Grand Lodge of Quebec in 1869 removed their equipment and met elsewhere. During the removal, more than just the equipment of the departing Lodges was taken — and the new Canadian Warrant No. 0 had been removed. The perpetrators are unnamed, but the Warrant arrived back in the hands of the Lodge in time to be endorsed by M. W. Bro. John Hamilton Graham. Other items of Lodge furniture and regalia were returned including an oil painting of one of the WMs, a sword and goblets, all of which were “given back” in 1886.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 180 Freemasonry in Gibraltar its members who served the colours. In 1885 the dues of brethren serving in the military forces called out to counter the rebellion in the Northwest Territories were remitted. On the outbreak of war in 1914, the first casualty for the Lodge was the immediate loss of the then secretary, Bro. H. Salmon, a member of the permanent forces who was immediately called to duty. By motion of the Lodge it was agreed that dues of serving brethren would be remitted and that the Lodge would immediately comply with the request from the Grand Master to refrain from banquets and unnecessary activities until the end of the war. In 1917 the Lodge entertained the officers and men of HMS Donegal who were members of the craft. By the end of the war a total of 68 members had served in His Majesty’s forces and were presented with “Lodge War Medals” in 1923. Three members of the Lodge—Bros. David Clark Grieve, James Kay and L. B. Rogers—were killed in action in France in 1917. Between the two world wars (October 18, 1933) the Lodge was pleased to receive and entertain Bro. General Sir Arthur Currie, GCMG, KCB, LLB, who had commanded the right wing of Canadian troops employed in the taking of Vimy Ridge on April 9, 1917. Peace having disappeared in September 1939, the Lodge of Antiquity again moved to remit the dues of serving brethren. The Lodge also supported the Quebec Mason’s War Relief Fund which was created to provide funds to the United Grand Lodge of England for the relief of women and children who had lost their homes during the war. The Lodge also provided support to Canadian servicemen by providing cigarettes and food packages, as well as Christmas parcels for Lodge members serving overseas. The Lodge participated in a Victory Thanksgiving Service on October 9, 1945, to celebrate the victory of all Allied forces and presented the collected offering to the Royal Canadian Legion. A total of 19 members of the Lodge of Antiquity had served in His Majesty’s Forces and all had returned safely; they were presented with a specially struck Lodge War Medal in 1946. The Lodge of Antiquity has always been blessed with a large and growing membership and while no one would look for benefits from any war, the year 1919 was remarkable for the Lodge and resulted in 48 first degrees, 25 second and 19 third degrees being worked in nine regular and fifteen emergent meetings. A similar level of activity was reported for 1920. The roll at the close of 1923 showed 338 members. The Lodge instituted a “father and son” evening in 1938 as both a social activity and potential membership event. The effect of World War II was also to given an impetus to brethren to join the Lodge before proceeding overseas and 1943, for example, saw 12 first, 13 second and 12 third degrees worked in nine regular and eight emergent meetings. Antiquity Lodge holds an Annual Military Night each March 17th in honour of its Irish origins, and members appear in the uniform of the corps to which they were attached. It has not always been held on this date and in 1866 it was held in July and in September in 1902162. In December 1888 the Grand Master authorized the members of the Lodge to wear a jewel in commemoration of its Centennial. The jewel is described as “bearing the coat of arms of the 46th Regiment and the motto of the Lodge: ‘Libens Solvit Merito Votum’—which translates as ‘(The Lodge) has willingly and honourably performed its solemn obligations,’ or ‘He pays his vows, willingly and justly’.” In 1910 the then existing Lodge in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry (46th Foot)—Dominica Lodge, No. 174 IC (warranted March 6, 1896, Warrant surrendered 1921)—wrote to the Lodge of Antiquity from Bermuda. The contact was to renew fraternal relations through their common ancestral home. The Lodge History reports that most of the members of Dominica Lodge were killed during the retreat from Mons in 1914. The Lodge of Antiquity celebrated its 150th Anniversary on March 4, 1902 and its 170th Anniversary in March 1922. On March 15, 1952, the Lodge celebrated its bicentenary. As a special event the Lodge donated $2500.00 to the Shriner’s Hospital in Montreal. Congratulations were received from Antiquity Lodge, No. 1 GRNSW, Australia and Antiquity Lodge, No. 146 ER, Bolton, Lancashire. A special Bicentennial Jewel had been designed and struck and was distributed to members of the Lodge. The Lodge of Antiquity has always been active in Montreal. On October 6, 1894, the members attended the laying of the corner stone of the new Masonic Temple on the north side of Dorchester Street (a building which, in 1963, was occupied by an insurance company). The Lodge became one of the tenant Masonic there until 1930 when it removed to the present Memorial Temple, along with a number of other

162 The 1902 date was chosen to avoid a conflict with the 150th anniversary celebrations.

Lodges and units of concordant bodies. While the Lodge has always had a charity fund for members, a benevolence fund was started in January 1905. The first reference in the Lodge History to a Ladies Night is March 1906. In 1914 the Lodge purchased two grave lots in Mount Royal Cemetery to be used for indigent brethren should the need arise. One lot was used that same year and the second was unused as late as 1963. On April 10, 1947, the Lodge of Antiquity was represented at the Centennial Celebration of King Solomon’s Lodge, No. 22 GRC, Toronto. The event was attended by representatives from the remaining Irish Lodges which had existed at the time of the formation of the Grand Lodge of Canada on October 10, 1855, in Hamilton. The Lodges attending included: King Hiram, No. 226 IC (now No. 37 GRC) Ingersoll; St. John’s No. 209 IC (now No. 20 GRC), London; St. John’s, No. 159 IC (now No. 21A GRC), Vankleek Hill; St. John’s, No. 286 IC (now No. 35 GRC) Cayuga; St. John’s, No. 231 IC (now No. 40 GRC), Hamilton; St. Thomas, No. 222 IC (now No. 40 GRC), St. Thomas; Brant, No. 323 IC (now No. 45 GRC), Brantford; Vaughan, No. 236 IC (now No. 54 GRC), Maple and Harmony, No. 358 IC (now No. 57 GRC), Binbrook. The Lodge has encountered major difficulties since the 1960's. By far the most devastating from a Masonic perspective was the election of the separatist government in the Province of Quebec in 1976. Since that time major companies have moved out of the province, taking many of their staff with them — and numbers of the staff were members of Masonic Lodges, including Antiquity No. 1. In one year the Lodge lost three Treasurers and the move of Canadian Vickers saw the loss of five junior Past Masters. This latter event removed Masters who might have brought other new members into the Lodge. While it appeared somewhat commonplace a century or more ago for a WM to hold office for several terms, one WM has held the office for seven years (1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992 and 1993) and one for five years (1980, 1981, 1982, 2002 and 2003) and six Masters have held two-year terms in the last twenty years. But the Lodge exists and has been slowly increasing its ranks! Although only one initiated member of the Lodge of Antiquity has served as head of a Masonic body, three affiliated members have served in that office. On April 3, 1856, the Lodge of Antiquity initiated Mr. John Valentine Ellis who would later become the head of the four major York Rite bodies in the Maritimes. Affiliated members who held the senior office in Masonic bodies include: M. W. Bro. Thomas Douglas Harington, M. Ex. Comp. John Charles Franck and M. W. Bro. John Patience, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Quebec. In addition, other members of the Lodge of Antiquity have served Grand Lodge in various offices, including: • DDGM - R. W. Bros. E. Morris (1858-59, 1859-60), John Beamish Saul ( ), Lt.-Col. Frank T. Brown (1909-10), Colonel James Cooper (1922-23), Beresford Wilde (1949-50), Gordon A. Lynn (year unknown) and William N. Sim (year unknown); • Grand Junior Warden - R. W. Bros. W. G. Fellows (year unknown) and A. H. Badilotti (year unknown); • Grand Registrar - R. W. Bros. Alexander Chisholm (year unknown)), Colonel James Cooper (1911- 12) and Arthur H. Purves (year unknown); • Grand Organist - V. W. Bro. Fred C. Lydon (year unknown); • Assistant Grand Secretary - V. W. Bro. R. A. Malcolm (1856-57); • Grand Pursuivant - V. W. Bro. William T. Giles (year unknown); • Grand Stewards - V. W. Bros. C. Edwin Morris (1856-57), Edward J. Kalil (year unknown) and, André Francoeur (year unknown),

The Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRC, meets in the Masonic Memorial Temple, 2295 St. Mark Street (corner of St. Mark and Sherbrooke), Montreal.

V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, shows the original issue of a warrant bearing the number “227" as being issued on March 4, 1752, and the Duplicate issue by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in July 1805. He shows the termination date of the Irish Warrant as 1847. It is interesting that he shows the number “227” used on a Warrant issued to the 2nd Horse on January 5, 1757 and a Duplicate issued on August 17, 1801 when the number was “not in use” for the 46th Foot. He shows two Renewals to

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 182 Freemasonry in Gibraltar the 46th Foot in July 1805 and on August 7, 1834. He also notes the issue on July 2, 1847, for the Lodge of Social and Military Values, Montreal, a civilian Lodge which joined the new Grand Lodge of Canada (Ontario) in 1855 and surrendered the Warrant to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1858. He also lists the use of the number “227” for an undated Warrant for Geraldine Lodge at Dublin, no date of being struck off the rolls is shown. With regard to this last issue, Cochrane shows a date of issue of September 11, 1871 for Geraldine Lodge, Dublin, the Warrant having been returned to Grand Lodge in 1984 when the Lodge amalgamated with No. 171 to become the new Geraldine Lodge, No. 171. John Lane, in his Masonic Records 1717-1894 includes an entry for the Lodge on page 272 as follows: “Lodge of Social and Military Values. In 46th Regiment. No. 7 Local, No. 5 Local in 1821. Madras (Chingleput), Madras, India 1817. Not in list until 1836. (G. L. Warrant) 27 Dec. 1817 Prov. Warrant. No. 634 ER. Went to Ceylon (date uncertain), and was extinct before the Warrant from G.L. of England arrived in 1836. Erased 4 June 1862.” Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, shows separately the issue of the Irish Warrant of 1752 (No. 227) and the Local Warrant (No. 7 Madras) of 1817 and English Warrant (No. 634 ER) of 1832. He does not refer to the Local issue of No. 5 (Madras) in 1821. An enquiry was directed to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in April 2000, requesting a copy of Warrant No. 227 IC issued for the 46th Foot, if the original was still in the Archives. The Grand Lodge graciously provided a copy of the renewal Warrant of August 2, 1834 which is transcribed at the end of this summary history. The renewal Warrant itself appears very similar to those already described, measuring about 11½ inches wide and 16 inches long. There is a one-half inch border on the four edges consisting of intertwined shamrocks and, in the upper two corners, there are Irish harps. The words “The Grand Lodge of Ireland is in a arched form across the top of the Warrant with a picture underneath of an all-seeing eye shining down on a woman holding three children. There are three separate images across the bottom — on the left is a pilgrim kneeling on his right knee, holding a cross and chalice or cup in his right hand facing towards the centre of the bottom where there is the top of an altar upon which there is a pillow with a Volume of the Sacred Law surmounted by a square and compasses. In the bottom right hand corner is a “ruin” with an “angelic figure” supporting an anchor.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by Philip Crossle, P.G.S.D., Dublin, 1973. Manuscript only, held in the Grand Lodge of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (Fall 2002) of Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, available in CD-ROM version only from R. W. Bro. Cochrane, Belfast. (3) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. 1, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC IC, Dublin, 1923. (4) History of Freemasonry in Canada, Volumes 1 and 2, by John Ross Robertson, The Hunter, Rose Co. Ltd., Toronto, 1899. (5) Whence Come We? Freemasonry in Ontario 1764 - 1980, published 1980, by Masonic Holdings, Hamilton. (6) The Irish Civilian Lodges of Canada 1820-1888, by M. W. Bro. Reginald V. Harris (PGM NS), February 20, 1959, Canadian Masonic Research Association, Volume 2 Paper 48, as published by The Heritage Lodge, No. 730 GRC, 1986. (7) Freemasonry at the Two Sieges of Louisbourg: 1745 and 1758, by M. W. Bro. Reginald V. Harris (PGM, Nova Scotia), W. Bro. A. J. B. Milborne (Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Quebec) and W. Bro. Col. James R. Case (Grand Historian, Grand Lodge of Connecticut), Canadian Masonic Research Association, Vol. 2, paper 46, May 13, 1958, printed in 1986, p. 32. (8) The Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec 1759-1792 Parts I and II, by Bro. A. J. B. Milborne, in his articles as printed in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1956. (9) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (10) Outlines of the History of Freemasonry in the Province of Quebec, by John H. Graham, 1892. (11) Early Canadian Freemasonry, by Pemberton Smith, P.M., O.R., 1939. (12) Masonic records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (13) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (14) The Master-Mason-at-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.

(15) History of the Lodge of Antiquity, by W. Bro. Harry M. Nevison, Lodge Historian, printed 1963, printer unknown. (16) British Regulars in Montreal: An Imperial Garrison 1832-1854, by Elinor Kyte Sr., McGill- Queen’s University Press, Montreal, 1981, ISBN 0-7735-0372-2. (17) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 46th Foot. (18) Notes, advice and copy of Antiquity No. 1 Summons dated March 5, 2004, courtesy of M. W. Bro. John Patience, PGM]

Worshipful Masters of Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC/634 ER in the 46th Foot (names marked “+” are taken from History of the Lodge of Antiquity pp 120-122 other names up to 1858 from documents residing in the archives of the Grand Lodge of Ireland)

1752 - 1805 names unknown

1805 W. Bro. Stephen Donnell (as named on Duplicate Warrant) 1806 unknown 1807 unknown 1808 unknown 1809 unknown 1810 unknown 1811 unknown 1812 unknown 1813 unknown 1814 unknown 1815 W. Bro. J. McDonald+ 1816 W. Bro. Capt. Edward Sanderson 1817 W. Bro. Capt. Edward Sanderson 1818 unknown 1819 unknown 1820 unknown 1821 unknown 1822 unknown 1823 unknown 1824 unknown 1825 unknown 1826 unknown 1827 unknown 1828 unknown 1829 unknown 1830 unknown 1831 unknown 1832 unknown 1833 unknown 1834 W. Bro. Lt. William Lacy163 1835 W. Bro. Lt. William Lacy 1836 unknown 1837 unknown 1838 unknown 1839 unknown 1840 unknown 1841 unknown 1842 unknown 1843 unknown 1844 unknown 1845 unknown 1846 W. Bro. Captain William Childs 1847 unknown 1848 W. Bro. William Shepherd 1849 R. W. Bro. Thomas Douglas Harington 1850 W. Bro. William Robinson 1851 W. Bro. William Shepherd+ 1852 W. Bro. William Shepherd+ 1853 W. Bro. William George Malcolm+ 1854 W. Bro. William George Malcolm+ 1855 W. Bro. W. M. Brown 1856 R. W. Bro. C. Edwin Morris+, DDGM

Worshipful Masters of Lodge of the Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRC/0 GRC and 1 GRQ, Montreal (all names are taken from History of the Lodge of Antiquity pp 120-122)

1857 C. Edwin Morris 1858 R. A. Malcolm 1859 C. Edwin Morris 1860 C. Edwin Morris 1861 R. M. Scholes 1862 C. Edwin Morris 1863 F. Dettmers 1864 F. Dettmers 1865 Alexandre Brunet 1866 John Charles Franck 1867 John Charles Franck 1868 M. Gutman 1869 M. Gutman 1870 Bro. J. Urquhart 1871 J. Urquhart 1872 Alexander Chisholm 1873 Alexander Chisholm 1874 L. Cohen 1875 Alexander Chisholm 1876 Alexander Chisholm

163 Lieutenant William Lacy was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel in 1834.

1877 H. J. Boswell 1878 C. M. Putney 1879 Edmond Powis 1880 Andrew Schmidt 1881 Alexander Chisholm 1882 Alexander Chisholm 1883 Alexander Chisholm 1884 Alexander Chisholm 1885 Alexander Chisholm 1886 C. S. Aspinal 1887 C. S. Aspinal 1888 John Ion 1889 W. N. King 1890 W. N. King 1891 James Mitchell 1892 A. F. LeMessurier 1893 A. F. LeMessurier 1894 Bro. F. Upton 1895 F. Upton 1896 John Beamish Saul 1897 John Beamish Saul 1898 J. S. Thompson 1899 W. G. Fellows 1900 Henry Hurst 1901 Henry Hurst 1902 C. A. Corrigan 1903 W. R. Chennell 1904 R. C. Binning 1905 G. A. Southee 1906 Lt.-Col. Frank T. Brown164 1907 Alexander B. J. Moore 1908 William R. Eakin 1909 Harry Wilson Jr. 1910 Hugh W. Glassford 1911 Col. James Cooper 1912 William Eaves 1913 William J. Lendrum 1914 Henry Hurst 1915 William E. Sharpe 1916 Fred C. Lydon 1917 J. E. Coulin 1918 E. Curtin 1919 William C. McAllister 1920 Frank T. Girdwood 1921 T. Edgar Dey 1922 James R. Innes 1923 James Callaghan165 1924 H. Bemister 1925 William Fraser 1926 Victor Loftus 1927 John Donaghy 1928 Bro. Alexander J. Bowles 1929 Frank Gates 1930 Bro. Harry J. Marshall 1931 Harry Hamer 1932 Fred E. Cunningham 1933 F. A. Hamlet 1934 A. C. Dickson 1935 G. W. G. Turner 1936 Gordon Donald Robertson 1937 T. H. Broadhurst 1938 William J. Stephenson 1939 E. L. Curtin 1940 Leslie S. Moore 1941 Sydney B. Fraser 1942 Beresford Wilde 1943 Richard V. Clark 1944 George H. Hoyle 1945 Alexander R. Campbell 1946 J. D. Price 1947 George H. W. LeBrun 1948 John H. Maude 1949 Ken M. Cunningham 1950 W. Bro. Ronald W. Newey 1951 Edmund A. Nix 1952 W. Bro. James Forbes 1953 Arthur H. Purves 1954 Gordon A. Lynn 1955 James M. Hoult 1956 Harry M. Nevison 1957 Norman C. Procter 1958 Lorne W. Prior 1959 Andrew F. H. Cowan 1960 Harold C. Wilson 1961 Frederick Kingdon 1962 John A. McLay 1963 Ronald W. Price 1964 Lorne E. Souva 1965 William S. Chadwick 1966 Bruce W. Roberts

164 He was a Lieutenant-Colonel of the 3rd Battalion, Victoria Rifles.

165 Early in his term of office, W. Bro. Callaghan was transferred to Toronto by his employer. He returned to Montreal to preside at every meeting of the Lodge during the year.

1967 L. L. Ware 1968 William T. Giles 1969 Howard Eakin 1970 Robert F. Williams 1971 John Nevin Patience 1972 Lorne N. Morrison 1973 Thomas A. Kelly 1974 Alfred A. Quinn 1975 David Fergie 1976 Leslie McMullan 1977 William N. Sim 1978 John S. Douglas 1979 Edward J. Kalil 1980 John Nevin Patience 1981 John Nevin Patience 1982 John Nevin Patience 1983 William A. R. McKee 1984 William A. R. McKee 1985 Norman H. Normand 1986 Norman H. Normand 1987 Norman H. Normand 1988 Norman H. Normand 1989 Norman H. Normand 1990 André Francoeur 1991 A. H. Badilotti 1992 Norman H. Normand 1993 Norman H. Normand 1994 Alistair McRae 1995 Alistair McRae 1996 John Rizopoulos 1997 Claude Larocque 1998 Marc C. David 1999 Marc C. David 2000 Stan Garratt 2001 Stan Garratt 2002 John Nevin Patience 2003 John Nevin Patience 2004

John Valentine Ellis

Grand Master (1872-74 and 1884-86) of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick

Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of New Brunswick

Grand Master of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters (Cryptic Rite) of the Maritime Provinces

Supreme Grand Master (1899-1900 and 1900-01) of the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada

Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council 33° of the A. & A. S. R. for the Dominion of Canada

(1835-1913)

John Valentine Ellis was born in Halifax of Irish parentage on February 14, 1835, son of Michael Ellis and Margaret Walsh. After an education in the public schools he moved to Montreal for a short time. He moved to Saint John, NB in 1857 and entered the newspaper business. He was working for the Saint John Globe by 1862 and remained with it for the next 52 years as printer, reporter, editor and proprietor. He was prominent in every progressive movement in the community, identifying himself with several charitable and benevolent organizations. He was Postmaster of Saint John; School Trustee; a Director of the New Brunswick Horticultural Society; Director of the Saint John relief and Aid Society; President of the Keystone Fire Insurance Company; President of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and President of the Natural History Society of New Brunswick. He served in the Provincial Legislature from 1882 to 1890, then represented the City of Saint John in the Dominion Parliament from 1890 to 1900, when he was called to the Senate. He was described as a conscientious public man and ever fearless in expressing his opinions and views. He figured in a contempt of court case in connection with, and as a result of, the Queen’s (NB) election case (HC) 1887, for which he underwent imprisonment and was sentenced to pay a fine, which was paid by public subscription. In spite of this he remained in good standing with his peers and in his community and received an LLD (Hon) from the University of New Brunswick in 1897 and was “presented” to King Edward VII in 1907. He married Mary Caroline Babbitt (daughter of Samuel Babbitt, a practical printer of Fredericton, NB) in 1864. Mrs. Ellis was active in social programs in her own right and President of the local Council of Women and Council of the Victorian Order of Nurses. John Valentine Ellis died on July 10, 1913, in his 78th year.

Masonic Career

In Symbolic Masonry, the Hon. John Valentine Ellis was initiated in the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC (now Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRQ), Montreal on April 3, 1856. He was passed on May 1 and raised on June 5, 1856. He demitted on August 4, 1859, after moving to Saint John, where he affiliated

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 188 Freemasonry in Gibraltar with Carleton Union Lodge in Carleton (now the west side of St. John). He took an active part in the erection of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick in 1867. In 1868 he was appointed Grand Director of Ceremonies as well as to the Board of General Purposes. At the Annual Communication of September 1870 he was elected as Deputy Grand Master, and re-elected in 1871. In 1872 was elected as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New Brunswick, an office he would hold for a total of six years, from 1872 to 1874 and from 1884 to 1886.

York Rite

In Capitular Masonry his Chapter is unknown but he was elected as Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of New Brunswick. In Cryptic Rite Masonry he was Most Illustrious Grand Master of the Cryptic Rite of the Maritime Provinces. In Knights Templary He was a member of the Encampment of St. John, No. 3A, in Saint John. He was Provincial Grand Prior for New Brunswick District and he was elected Supreme Grand Master of the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada for the years 1899-1900 and 1900-1901.

Scottish Rite

He was Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council 33° of the A. & A. S. R. for the Dominion of Canada.

He was Provincial Grand Master of the Royal Order of Scotland for the Maritime Provinces.

[Sources: (1) Canadian Men and Women of Their Time, by H. J. Morgan, 1912 Edition. (2) Annual Proceedings of the Sovereign Great Priory of Canada. (3) Symbolic Masonry information courtesy of W. Bro. Stuart J. MacDonald, Secretary, Albion Lodge, No. 1 NBR, Saint John.]

Thomas Douglas Harington

Grand Master (1860-1-2-3-4) of the Grand Lodge A.F. & A.M. of Canada

Grand First Principal (1859-60, 1860-61, 1863-4, 1864-65, 1866-67, 1867-68, 1868-69, 1869-70, 1870- 71) of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Canada

Grand Master (1871-72) of the Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters (Cryptic Rite) for Ontario

Sovereign Grand Commander (1874-1882) of the Supreme Council of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite for the Dominion of Canada

(1808-1882)

Thomas Douglas Harington was born at Windsor, England, on June 7th, 1808. His early life was spent in the service of the Royal Navy, and the Honorable East India Company’s navy. In July 1832, he came to Canada, landing at Quebec, and, after a short residence there in expectation of getting a ship, was persuaded to move inland and see the “great west country”. On November 1, 1832, he accepted the office of Extra Clerk to the Provincial Secretary of Lower Canada and he rose to the rank of Chief Clerk. In May, 1858, he was promoted to Deputy Receiver-General for the united provinces of Upper and Lower Canada and, in 1868, was reappointed to the same office under the Dominion of Canada, an office he held until his retirement in 1878. Through the period of rebellion in Upper Canada (1837-38) he served with “The Queen’s Rangers” and rose to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel (unattached) of Militia. After a short illness Thomas Douglas Harington died at his home in Prescott, Ontario, on January 13, 1882. His remains were laid to rest in the “Blue Church Burying Ground” in Augusta, near the town of Prescott. His grave remained unmarked until 1942. In 1904, a suggestion was made by the late John Ross Robertson, (in which the Grand Lodge of Canada concurred) that a monument should be placed to mark the last resting place of this distinguished Mason but was not actioned. The proposal was again considered at the Annual Communication of the Grand Lodge held at Toronto in July 1939, and the authority was again renewed and that the fraternity of Belleville, Ontario, and District have erected a suitable memorial, which was unveiled and dedicated on Sunday, June 14, 1942.

Masonic Career

In Symbolic Masonry Mr. Thomas Douglas Harington was initiated into Freemasonry on December 13, 1843, in Duke of Leinster Lodge, No. 283 IC, Kingston. He affiliated with St. John’s Lodge, No. 758 ER, Kingston, on March 28, 1844. In July 1844 he was in Montreal and affiliated with St. George’s Lodge, No. 642 ER and No. 10 PRMWH, becoming Worshipful Master in 1845 and continuing in this office for four years. He also affiliated with the Lodge of Social and Military Virtues, No. 227 IC, Montreal, in May 1848, and was elected Worshipful Master for 1849. He withdrew from the Lodge in the same year on taking up an assignment in Quebec and where he affiliated with St. John’s Lodge, No. 214 ER, on December 10, 1851.

The same evening he was elected Worshipful Master and was re-elected for a period of four years. On December 27, 1854, he was elected to Honorary membership. His was appointed as Deputy Provincial Grand Master of the District Grand Lodge of Montreal and William Henry in 1849, followed by appointments as Provincial Grand Master of the District Grand Lodge of Quebec and Three Rivers in 1852; Provincial Grand Master in the Provincial Grand Lodge of Lower Canada in 1853; Provincial Grand Master of Canada East by the Grand Lodge of Scotland in 1853; and he was then accorded the rank of Past Grand Master of the Ancient Grand Lodge of Canada West in 1856. His duties in the Civil Service necessitated a change of residence to Toronto, where he affiliated with St. Andrew’s Lodge, No. 16 PRCW (now No. 16 GRC) on June 10, 1856. In 1857 he resigned as Provincial Grand Master of the District Grand Lodge of Quebec and Three Rivers, and as Provincial Grand Master of Canada East (Scotland) in 1858. In June 1859, he became a charter member of Harington Lodge, No. 49, Quebec. In 1859 he was also elected Deputy Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada, wherein he was elevated to the rank of Grand Master in 1860, which office he held for five years. When the Grand Lodge of Canada had been established in 1855, Bro. Harington was initially opposed to its formation but he assisted materially in bringing about a peaceful solution of the then existing difficulties, by the union, in Toronto, of The Ancient Grand Lodge (formerly The Provincial Grand Lodge of Canada West) with the Grand Lodge of Canada in 1858. Subsequently he became Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Canada for the years 1860-1-2-3-4.

York Rite

In Capitular Masonry he became a charter member of St. John’s Chapter, No. 214 SGCE (attached to St. John’s Lodge, No. 214 ER), in Quebec. In 1852, he was appointed Provincial Grand Superintendent of Royal Arch Masons for the City and District of Quebec and Dependencies. With his move to Toronto he resigned as Provincial Grand Superintendent of Quebec. On September 21, 1880, the Grand Chapter of Quebec was pleased to elect him an Honorary Member, following the precedent of the Grand Lodge of Quebec, which he had helped to set up in 1876. In Ontario he took an active part in the formation of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Canada, and was elected Grand First Principal in 1859, which office he held to the close of 1871, except for the years 1861 and 1862. In Cryptic Rite Masonry, Bro. Harington received the degrees soon after the Rite’s introduction to Canada, at St. John, NB, under a charter from the Grand Council of Maine, USA, dated May 18th, 1867. Three Councils of the Rite had been established in St. John as a nucleus for the formation of a Grand Council in that Province and on August 15, 1867, representatives of these Councils met in Convention and the Grand Council was regularly formed. Considerable progress was made, many companions were admitted, and other Councils organized in Nova Scotia, Quebec and Ontario. Some time between the Annual Conventions, in St. John, of 1869 and 1870, Illustrious Companion Harington was appointed Inspector- General of the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec. When the Grand Council for Ontario was formed on August 8th, 1871, Ill. Comp. Harington presided over the deliberations of the Convention as Inspector-General for Ontario and Quebec. In consideration of services rendered to Cryptic Masonry in assisting to organize the Grand Council, the honorary rank of past Thrice Illustrious Master was conferred upon him by the newly formed Grand Council on August 8th, 1871. As a sequel to this event, he surrendered to the Convention the authority which he held as Inspector-General, accepting in place of it the office of Most Puissant Grand Master of the Cryptic Rite for Ontario, August 8th, 1871 which office he held for one year. In Knights Templary, Companion Harington received his Orders in Hugh de Payens Encampment (now Hugh de Payens Premier Preceptory, No. 1), Kingston, on April 10, 1854. Sir Kt. Harington was immediately appointed as Almoner. He became Eminent Commander of an Encampment established in Quebec City, on July 28th, 1855, under the name of “William de la More, the Martyr”. (This Encampment had but a fitful existence from its inception and, after a period of about twenty years, its warrant was surrendered and returned to England.) Shortly after becoming Eminent Commander of the Quebec Encampment, Em. Kt. Harington was transferred to Toronto where he affiliated with Geoffrey de St. Aldemar Encampment and was elected Eminent Commander in 1858. In 1855 he was appointed Very Eminent Provincial Grand Captain in command of the Column of Quebec. In 1856, he was promoted to Right Eminent

Provincial Grand Prior of the Provincial Grand Conclave of Canada and, in 1859, elected as Deputy Provincial Grand Commander. He retained this office until 1871, except for the years 1861 and 1862, when, through ill-health, he was forced to relinquish the office.

In Constantinian Masonry Bro. Harington was appointed as Inspector-General for the Provinces of Ontario and Quebec.

Scottish Rite

At a meeting of the Grand Lodge of Canada, then in session at London, Ontario, on July 10, 1868, W. J. B. Macleod Moore brought together a group of interested Masons and formally instituted Chapters of Rose Croix to be located in the Cities of Hamilton and London, as well as a Consistory of the 32nd degree in Hamilton. Among those who received these degrees was Thomas Douglas Harington who, at the inaugural meeting of the Consistory was elected their first Commander in Chief. On July 14, 1868 Bro. Harington was created an Inspector-General, 33°, along with John W. Murton, 32° and Thompson Wilson, 18° of London. On December 10, 1868, he was appointed as the Representative of the Rite in Canada. The Supreme Council for the Dominion of Canada was formed in Ottawa on October 16, 1874, with Ill. Bro. Harington as the Most Puissant Sovereign Grand Commander of the Council “Ad Vitam”.

He was the first to receive the degrees of the Royal Order of Scotland, when it was introduced into Ontario in 1874.

[Sources: (1) Thomas Douglas Harington, 33°, Citizen and Freemason, by R. W. Bro. Lewis F. Riggs, November 21, 1950, presentation to the Canadian Masonic Research Association, as printed in the Proceedings, Volume 1 Paper 3, Published by Heritage Lodge, No. 730 GRC, 1986; (2) Outlines of the History of Freemasonry in the Province of Quebec, by John H. Graham, M.A., LL.D., (PGM and PGZ, Quebec), John Lovell & Son, Montreal, 1892. (3) A History of the Grand Lodge A. F. & A. M. of Canada in the Province of Ontario 1855 - 1955, by Walter S. Herrington and Roy S. Foley, Published by the authority of Grand Lodge, McCallum Press Ltd., Toronto, 1955 (page 69).]

John Charles Franck

Grand First Principal (1861-62 and 1862-63)of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Canada

(1819-????)

John Charles Franck was born in Germany in 1819. There is no information known about when he came to Canada. In 1852 he moved from Kingston to Belleville, Ontario with his wife and family. He had a variety of careers during his years in Belleville, including: President of the Belleville Gas Company while studying law; Notary Public in the office of Ross and Bell, Solicitors form the Grand Trunk Railway; and co- partner in the firm of Franck, Starling and Co., Wholesale Merchants. In 1864 he was in financial troubles and moved to Montreal as agent for two insurance companies, then later as an importer of groceries and wines.

Masonic Career

In Symbolic Masonry John Charles Franck was a member of Moira Lodge, No. 11 GRC, Belleville and served as WM in 1855 and 1864. He served as DDGM of Prince Edward District for 1859-60. When he moved to Montreal in 1864-65, he affiliated with The Lodge of Antiquity. He served as WM of the Lodge for 1866 and 1867 and demitted sometime afterwards. He was granted a demit from Moira Lodge for non- payment of dues in 1869, while living in Boston.

York Rite

In Capitular Masonry he was the charter First Principal of The Moira Chapter, No. 7, Belleville at its Institution in 1856 under a Warrant from the Grand Chapter of England (No. 496 ER and No. 6 (local)). He served as Grand First Principal for the 1861-62 and 1862-63 terms. In Knights Templary he was the first Presiding Preceptor of King Baldwin Preceptory, No. 6, Belleville and served for 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870 and 1873. .

[Source: (1) History of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Canada 1857-1932, published under authority of the Grand Chapter, 75th Anniversary issue, 1932. (2) History of the Lodge of Antiquity, by W. Bro. Harry M. Nevison, Lodge Historian, printed 1963, printer unknown. (3) Moira Lodge, A.F. & A.M. No. 11 GRC, Bicentennial 1801-2001, by V. W. Bro. Paul Foster, published by Templar Books, Belleville, Ontario, © 2000, ISBN 0-9683567-9-6.]

John Nevin Patience

Grand Master (1985-86 and 1986-87) of the Grand Lodge of Quebec A.F. & A.M.

Grand First Principal (1982-83) of the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Quebec

John Patience was born in Belfast in 1918 and was educated at The Royal Belfast Academical Institution and the Belfast College of technology, graduating in Electrical Engineering in 1949. His working life was spent in naval ship design both in the United Kingdom and Canada, having emigrated in 1953 to take up a position with Vickers of Montreal. He is a Chartered Engineer (UK), a Fellow of the British Institute of Marine Engineers and a Member of the US Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers.

Masonic Career

In Symbolic Masonry, Mr. John Patience was initiated into B. W. D. Montgomery Lodge, No. 434 IC, in Belfast, Ireland on December 21, 1940. He affiliated with the Lodge of Antiquity, No. 1 GRC, Montreal, in 1961 and served as WM for 1971. He was elected as DDGM of District 1 (1974-75) and served as Deputy Grand Master for 1984, on the death of the incumbent Deputy Grand Master. He was elected as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Quebec for the 1985-86 and 1986-87 terms.

York Rite

In Capitular Masonry he is a member of Carnarvon Chapter, No. 5 GRQ, and served as First Principal in 1972. In the Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons of Quebec, he served as Grand Scribe Nehemiah (1977-78) and was also Grand Representative of the Grand Royal Arch Chapter of Ireland. He was elected as Grand First Principal of Quebec for 1982-83.

Scottish Rite

He joined the Valley of Montreal in 1967 and served as Thrice Puissant Master of Hochelaga Lodge of Perfection in 1975. In 1980 he was made an Honorary Inspector-General of the Rite, receiving his 33° in Winnipeg.

[Sources: (1) The Freemason, Volume 102, No. 1, June 1982.]

Duplicate Warrant No. 227 IC issued to hold a Lodge in the 46th Foot

SEAL GRAND LODGE OF IRELAND LEINSTER G.M. No. 277

By the Most Worshipful His Grace Augustus Frederick Duke of Leinster GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful William White Esqre. DEPUTY GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful The Most Noble Howe Marquis of Sligo SENIOR GRAND WARDEN The Right Worshipful Sir Coghill Coghill Bart. JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN And other the Right Worshipful Officers & Members of the GRAND LODGE of IRELAND in Open Grand Lodge Assembled Whereas our trusty and Well beloved Brethren Lieuttt. William Lacy, Lieut . John Godwin & Lieutt. Robert Joseph Edmonds have Besought us that we would be pleased to Erect a Lodge of Free Masons in His Majesty’s 46th Regiment of Foot to be called “The Lodge of Social and Military Virtues” of such persons who by their knowledge in Masonry may contribute to the true advancement thereof. We therefore having nothing more at heart than the Prosperity of Masonry and reposing special confidence in our said trusty and well beloved Brethren Do by these Presents constitute and appoint them the said William Lacy, John Godwin and Robert Joseph Edmonds to be Master and Wardens of a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons to be holden in His Majesty’s 46th Regiment of Foot aforesaid by them and their Successors lawfully Admitted in said Lodge forever. And We do hereby grant unto them and their Successors full Power and Authority to proceed from time to time to the Election of a new Master and Wardens in said Lodge Provided always that they said William Lacy, John Godwin and Robert Joseph Edmonds and their Successors Do and Shall at all times hereafter pay implicit observance to and act and conduct the affairs of same in strict conformity to the now existing Laws of Masonry and to such other Laws and Regulations for the Government of the Craft as shall at any time hereafter be issued by the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ireland or in default thereof then and in such case reserving unto the said Right Worshipful Grand Lodge the full power and Authority of annulling and cancelling these Presents or otherwise proceeding in the premises as to them shall seem meet - In Witness whereof We have hereunto set our Hands and Seal of Office at Dublin the Metropolis of Ireland this Second day of August in the Year of our Lord God 1834 Entered by me and of Masonry 5834 C Fowler

On the reverse side of Warrant No. 227 IC are two notations as follows:

Memorandum August 16, 1834 ---- Weedon Barracks Northamptonshire At the request of the within named three Brethren and the consent of the other members of the Military Lodge No. 227 I have this evening installed Brother William Lacy as Worshipful Master of the said Lodge. Robert Crawford (sp?) WM No. 49 (English) & PM of the Burlington & Bank of England Lodge. Attested by us William Lacy WM ) John Godwin SW ) RJEdmonds JW )

The Lodge of Social and Military Virtues No. 227 on the Registry of Ireland held in the 46th Regiment of Foot was established on the fourth of March one thousand seven hundred and fifty two AL 5752

William Lacy W. Master

REF: I73 Dominica Lodge No. 174 IC, in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry 1896-1921 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland originally issued Warrant No. 174, on December 2, 1747, to hold Boyne Lodge in Limerick, Co. Limerick. It is not clear when this Lodge ceased working but Grand Lodge records indicate that the Warrant was removed to the 2nd Battalion, 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot on August 29, 1791. Grand Lodge records indicate that the Lodge fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 1793166. The Warrant was cancelled on July 5, 1821. Both the original issue for Limerick and the 69th Foot are included in the listing for number “174”in V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. An enquiry was directed to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in April 2000, originally requesting a copy of Warrant No. 174 as issued to the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry in 1896, but also enquiring about the status of the Warrant issued to the 69th Foot. Grand Lodge replied that there was no trace of the Warrant issued to the 69th Foot, but did provide a copy of Warrant No. 174 issued in 1896 to hold a Lodge in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that a new Warrant No. 174 was issued on October 4, 1821 to a Lodge at Stewartstown, Co. Tyrone, in exchange for their earlier Warrant No. 396. The Warrant was returned to Grand Lodge on January 24, 1856. The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued a new Warrant No. 174 on March 6, 1896 to hold Dominica Lodge in the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry. While the military records show clearly that the 32nd Foot and 46th Foot were amalgamated and designated as the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry in 1881, the Warrant was technically incorrectly written for a Lodge in the “Second Battalion of the Thirty Second Regiment of Infantry”. Charles John Eary, Thomas James and Edwin James Rowe are named in the Warrant as Master and Wardens of the Lodge. The Lodge was Constituted on April 1, 1896, at the Masonic Hall, Downshire Road, Newry, Co. Down, by V. W. Bro. Thos. A. McCammond, P.D.G.M.-elect, the Regiment then being in garrison at Newry. The founders and officers of Dominica Lodge were: Quartermaster Lieutenant C. J. Eary (of Lodge 77 IC), Master; Sergeant T. James (of Lodge 2440 ER), SW; Sergeant E. J. Rowe (of Lodge 1006 ER), JW; Colour Sergeant J. McCreedy, SD; Sergeant J. Blight, JD; Sergeant T. Flavell, Treasurer; Colour Sergeant F. W. Deacon, Secretary; Sergeant E. T. Williams, IG; Musician J. Turvey, Organist; and Bros. Bandmaster J. Campbell; Band Sergeant T. Smith; Sergeant W. Mayo; Sergeant-Major R. Cairley; Quarter-Master Sergeant G. Humphrey; Colour Sergeant H. Smith; and Sergeant A. Sheers. It is not clear what the early history of Dominica Lodge was, but it appears to have gone into darkness for several years. The History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar167 notes that in May 1907, when the Duke of Cornwall’s Light Infantry Regiment was in the garrison at Gibraltar the WM and officers of Calpe Lodge assisted in the revival of Dominica Lodge, No. 174 IC. Brethren of Calpe Lodge assumed temporary offices in Dominica Lodge and it was revived successfully. In November 1909 Dominica Lodge sent a Box of Gavels to Calpe Lodge (from Prospect, Bermuda, where the Regiment had been assigned) in thanks for the assistance in reviving the Lodge. The History also notes that “The Regiment with its Lodge moved away from Gibraltar in September of the year and continued successfully until difficulties which arose in the post 1914 - 1918 War reorganization caused it to surrender the Warrant in 1921.” The Warrant was surrendered to Grand Lodge in December 1921. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990

166 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85 IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 IC (1791-1821).

167 The History is available on website

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns 196 Freemasonry in Gibraltar entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge, includes this Warrant in his list on page 41. Crossle includes this issue for Dominica Lodge in the 46th Foot in his Records. He also includes a listing for a Warrant, a new No. 174, issued on March 1, 1945, to hold a Lodge at Newry, Co. Down. No date for being struck off the rolls is shown. Cochrane shows this listing, issued March 1, 1945, for The Services Lodge, Newry, Co. Down, and that it is still current in 2001. As already noted above, in response to an enquiry about the status of the Warrant, the Grand Lodge of Ireland has graciously provided a copy of the original which rests in Grand Lodge archives. The Warrant itself appears very similar to those already described, measuring about 11½ inches wide and 16 inches long. There is a one-half inch border on the four edges consisting of intertwined clovers and, in the upper two corners, there are Irish harps. The words “The Grand Lodge of Ireland is in a arched form across the top of the Warrant with a picture underneath of an all-seeing eye shining down on a woman holding three children. It this copy (unlike so many of the older Warrants) the Seal of the Grand Lodge of Ireland can be clearly seen. There are three separate images across the bottom - on the left is a pilgrim kneeling on his right knee, holding a cross and chalice or cup in his right hand facing towards the centre of the bottom where there is the top of an altar upon which there is a pillow with a Volume of the Sacred Law surmounted by a square and compasses. In the bottom right hand corner is a “ruin” with an “angelic figure” supporting an anchor. There are no notations on the reverse of the Warrant.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published 1973 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in manuscript form. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC, IC, Dublin, 1925. (6) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar, held on the Calpe Lodge website: http://www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325/fullhistory.html. (8) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 46th Foot.]

Warrant No. 174 IC issued to hold a Lodge in the (incorrectly designated) 2nd Battalion, 32nd Foot

ABERCORN G. M. GRAND LODGE OF IRELAND SEAL No. 174

By the Most Worshipful James Duke of Abercorn GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful Robert William Shekleton DEPUTY GRAND MASTER The Right Worshipful Marquess of Hertford SENIOR GRAND WARDEN The Right Worshipful Viscount Templetown JUNIOR GRAND WARDEN And other the Right Worshipful Officers & Members of the GRAND LODGE of IRELAND in Open Grand Lodge Assembled Whereas our trusty and Well beloved Brethren Charles John Eary, Thomas James and Edwin James Rowe have Besought us that we would be pleased to Erect a Lodge of Free Masons in the Second Battalion of the Thirty Second Regiment of Infantry of such persons who by their knowledge in Masonry may contribute to the true advancement thereof. We therefore having nothing more at heart than the Prosperity of Masonry and reposing special confidence in our said trusty and well beloved Brethren Do by these Presents constitute and appoint them the said Charles John Eary, Thomas James and Edwin James Rowe to be Master and Wardens of a Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons to be holden in the Second Battalion of 32nd Regiment aforesaid by them and their Successors lawfully Admitted in said Lodge forever. And We do hereby grant unto them and their Successors full Power and Authority to proceed from time to time to the Election of a new Master and Wardens in said Lodge Provided always that the said Charles J. Eary, Thomas James and Edwin J. Rowe and their Successors Do and Shall at all times hereafter pay implicit observance to and act and conduct the affairs of same in strict conformity to the now existing Laws of Masonry and to such other Laws and Regulations for the Government of the Craft as shall at any time hereafter be issued by the Right Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ireland or in default thereof then and in such case reserving unto the said Right Worshipful Grand Lodge the full power and Authority of annulling and cancelling these Presents or otherwise proceeding in the premises as to them shall seem meet - In Witness whereof We have hereunto set our Hands and Seal of Office at Dublin the Metropolis of Ireland this Sixth day of March in the Year of our Lord God 1896 Entered by me and of Masonry 5896 ------George

[Source: Grand Lodge of Ireland.]

REF: I81 Lodge No. 113 IC, in the 50th Regiment of Foot 1763-1815 REF: E68 Lodge No. 112A ER(A), in the 50th Regiment of Foot 1763-1786 [now part of The Queen’s Regiment]

It is interesting that a goodly portion of the history of this Antients Lodge is maintained in note form by R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, under the notes on Warrant No. 128 IC, held in the 39th Foot. On April 21, 1763, the Antients Grand Lodge issued Warrant No. 112A168 ER(A) to the officers and men of the 50th Regiment of Foot. By the time that Warrant No. 112 ER(A) had been issued, the 50th Foot had arrived in Ireland, and having applied to the Grand Lodge of Ireland, Warrant No. 113 IC was (re)issued on April 21, 1763, to the officers and men of the 50th Regiment of Foot. Although the correspondence is not available, it is likely that the Lodge had requested an Irish number equal to its Antients number. Regrettably for this Lodge, Lodge No. 112 IC was flourishing at Lisburn, Co. Antrim. Warrant No. 113 IC had originally been issued for a civilian lodge in Scariff, Co. Clare which had ceased working some time before 1763 and the number was “available”. [Both Crossle and Cochrane indicate that the original issue of Warrant No. 113 IC was probably in either October 1739 or March 1740, to hold a Lodge in Scarriff, Co. Clare. This based on the dating of other Warrants numbered lower and higher and reflects the loss of the Grand Lodge Register predating 1760 as well as the report of Bro. John Calder, SW of Lodge No. 181 IC, and would later become Deputy Grand Secretary, during a visit he was making around Munster in 1748/9. Calder’s report dated July 19, 1749 noted “No. 113: - Scariff. No Lodge subsisting.”] Cochrane notes that twenty-five brethren were registered in Volume 1 of the Grand Lodge Registers including John McKay, Master; and Henry Camton and John Davis, Wardens; and Bros. Robt. Dunn; John Ashburner; Wm. Hughes; John Jamison; Wm. Jacob; Thomas Hanley and Wm. Clark. A last registration of Lodge members was made on October 7, 1770. The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued a duplicate Warrant on April 1, 1762 (Cochrane lists April 1, 1763), although the reasons for this action are not known. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard notes that Lodge No. 112 ER(A) formed Lodge No. 216 ER(A) in the 1st Regiment of the East Devon Militia in 1781. It is next reported as working in Gibraltar between August 1784 and 1794 although some records (including those of John Lane) indicate it had Lapsed about 1786169. Irish Grand Lodge records indicate that Lodge No. 113 IC fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 1793170. As Lodge No. 112A E(A) it was reported as working in Portugal during 1798 where it was working with Lodges No. 94 ER(A) (held in the 51st Foot) and No. 176 IC (held in the 12th Light Dragoons) and that it had formed a new Lodge in Lisbon. Lodge No. 112a ER(A) then appears in the Ahiman Rezon of 1804 and also 1807 - although caution is required as this publication had many errors in it, not the least of which was reported as “active” many Lodges which had ceased working.

168 The suffixes “A” and “B” were adopted by John Lane as a means of keeping separate the notes on what appear to be two separate issues of a Warrant with the same number.

169 The entry in Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 on page 106 reads: “Fiftieth regiment of Foot. 1763. (G. L. Warrant) 21 April 1763. No. 112A ER(A). Was at Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain, in 1800, according to the Calendar of that year. Lapsed about 1786, but appears in Ahiman Rezon of 1804 and 1807.” While Lane has occasional errors in his work, the proliferation of erroneous information in the Ahiman Rezons make them interesting and usable only with additional corroborating evidence.

170 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85 IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 IC (1791-1821).

So much for a Lodge whose Warrant was reportedly cancelled in 1786 by the Antients Grand Lodge. On June 24, 1808 the Antients (perhaps regretting the earlier cancellation of No. 112a in 1786, if, in fact, it happened) issued Warrant No. 112b to hold a lodge in the 2nd Battalion, 50th Foot. Sheppard reports that the Lodge worked in Kent during 1808, basing this on the second entry in Lane171. Following the unification of the Antients and Moderns, the Lodge was renumbered as No. 137 ER. No further information is available about the Lodge and the Warrant was erased by United Grand Lodge in 1832. Because it is not clear that Lodges No. 112a and 112b were the same a separate entry is included for No. 112b. Warrant No. 113 IC was cancelled on July 6, 1815 as Grand Lodge had not heard from the Lodge for many years. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, lists both the first use of number “113” for the Lodge at Scareff172 and also for the 50th Foot, although he does not make a reference to the issue of a duplicate Warrant (and the date cited, of “1762” must surely be later as the actual Warrant is only dated 1763). Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, includes both these Warrants (112 ER(A) and 113 IC) in his list but does not indicate that they were for the same Lodge. Crossle also notes that the number “113” was used for two further Warrants:

C in December 1817, to Lodge No. 180 at Killeleagh, Co. Down, in exchange for its higher numbered Warrant, 180 (issued December 7, 1743) although no date of being struck from the rolls is listed. Cochrane lists the issue as November 6, 1817 and shows the Lodge as “Current” in 2001; and

C and in 1829 it was used for a Warrant to hold a Lodge at Downpatrick, Co. Down, no date of being struck from the rolls is listed (Crossle) although Cochrane does not show such a listing.

An enquiry was directed to the Grand Lodge of Ireland in March 2000 regarding the location of Warrant No. 113 issued to the 50th Foot, and requesting a photocopy of it. Grand Lodge responded in a letter dated April 14, 2000, indicating that there was no copy or original in the Archives, meaning that it had probably never been returned to Grand Lodge.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published 1973 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in manuscript form. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge.(4) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (5) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC, IC, Dublin, 1925. (6) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 50th Foot.]

171 Again, on page 106 of Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894, is the second entry for the 50th Foot: “2nd Battalion Fiftieth Regiment of Foot, Ashford, Kent 1808. (G. L. Warrant) 24 June 1808. No. 112B ER(A). In the Fiftieth Regiment 1913. No. 137 ER 1814. Erased in 1830.”

172 Depending on the source document the name of the town is spelled as “Scariff”, “Scarriff” and “Scareff” and these have been used here with no attempt to prefer any one spelling over the others.

REF: I83 Lodge No. 94 IC, in the 51st (Napier’s Yorkshire) Regiment of Foot 1763-1815 REF: E70 Orange Lodge No. 94 ER(A), in the 51st (Napier’s Yorkshire) Regiment of Foot 1761-1805 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

The Antients Grand Lodge issued Warrant No. 94 on October 21, 1761 to the men of the 51st (Napier’s Yorkshire) Regiment of Foot. Robert Freke Gould’s History of Freemasonry shows the name of the Lodge as “Orange”, although W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his 1984 listing of Military Warrants says that this name was not assumed until 1802 when it appears on a Certificate issued in Colombo. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that Irish records show the name “Orange” as being in vogue from the time the Lodge was Warranted by the Antients. The Lodge, working in Ireland by 1763 while the Regiment was stationed there, applied to the Grand Lodge of Ireland who issued Warrant No. 94 on December 1, 1763: the Grand Lodge entry reading “Granted 21st October 1761, in London, and Enter’d in our Books the 1st Decr. 1763.” V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, and R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, note that the number “94” had been originally issued on either October 5 or December 1, in 1738 to hold a lodge at Newcastle, Co. Limerick. On July 19, 1749, Deputy Grand Secretary, Edward Spratt, reported to the Grand Lodge of Ireland that there was “No Lodge (No. 94) subsisting at Newcastle” as of that date and the Warrant was subsequently struck off the rolls. Volume 1 of the Register of the Grand Lodge of Ireland records that Warrant No. 94 IC was issued to: Benj. Garnett, WM; Jer. Hatcliffe and Andr. Hastings, Wardens; and seventeen other brethren, all of whom were registered on December 5, 1763. The Register shows twelve other brethren registered up to January 1775. Sheppard notes that the Lodge was placed on the Roll of the Grand Lodge of Ireland as of December 1, 1763. In the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, contained on the website of the Gibraltar Provincial Grand Lodge, it is noted that “In 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military or travelling Lodges in Gibraltar, one Irish in 51st Regiment . . . .”. There is no further information regarding the length of time the Regiment and its Lodge worked on Gibraltar. Even this information is questionable as the Regiment had a second working Lodge at this time, Lodge, No. 690 IC. Records of the Grand Lodge of Ireland indicate that Lodge No. 94 IC fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 1793173. Cochrane cites a curious entry regarding this Lodge: “The annals of the Grand Lodge of Scotland supply the following illustration. A Charter (No. 274) for the “Orange Lodge” was granted to the officers of the 51st Regiment in 1801; there being at the same time two other Lodges in the corps of the same name, under Irish and “Antient” warrants, each of which, it is somewhat singular to relate, bearing the number 94.” This is a curious entry as Orange Lodges were an Irish phenomenon and usually took the name under a Warrant from the Grand Lodge of Ireland. Yet, Warrant 274 had been issued on December 15, 1756 to hold a Lodge in Galway, Co. Galway and the Warrant was not cancelled until July 5, 1821. While it is always possible that this Lodge had ceased working many years earlier and the Warrant could have been improperly used for another Lodge (as was the case during the “Seton Years”), there is nothing in Cochrane’s notes regarding Warrant 274 to indicate such an event. Warrant No. 94 ER(A) appears in the Ahiman Rezon of 1804. It was cancelled in 1805, according to Gould’s listing.

173 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85 IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 IC (1791-1821).

The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 appears on page 97 as follows: “Named “Orange Lodge” in a Certificate of 1802 from Colombo. Fifty-first Regiment. 1761. (G. L. Warrant) 21 Oct. 1761. No. 94A174. Last entry in register 1781. Appears on the List in Ahiman Rezon 1804.” According to both Crossle and Cochrane, Warrant No. 94 IC was cancelled on July 1, 1815, Grand Lodge not having heard from the Lodge for many years. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes the Antients warrant in his list, but omits the reference to the Irish warrant issued in 1763. Crossle also lists the number “94” as being used again for an undated Warrant issued to hold Star of West Down Lodge at Dromore, Co. Down, no date of being struck off the rolls is shown. Cochrane notes that a new Warrant No. 94 was issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland on December 4, 1817, to a Lodge in Kilwaughter, Larne, Co. Antrim in exchange for their higher numbered Warrant (No. 976) and that No. 94 was sent in to Grand Lodge on December 21, 1855. Cochrane then lists an issue on March 4, 1892 of No. 94 to hold Star of West Down Lodge at Dromore, Co. Down, and lists the Lodge as “Current” in 2001. A copy of Warrant No. 94 IC issued to the 51st Foot was requested from the Grand Lodge of Ireland if the original should be found in the Archives. The reply indicated that there was no trace of the Warrant and that it had probably not been returned.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published 1973 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in manuscript form. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, 2nd Edition, London, 1895. (4) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (5) The Master- Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (6) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC, IC, Dublin, 1925. (7) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (8) The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar and History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar held on the Calpe Lodge website: http://www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325/fullhistory.html. (9) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 51st Foot.]

174 The use of “94A” by Lane is to keep this warrant number separate from “94B” which was issued on December 18, 1805, for the Masons’ Arms Lodge, Union Street, Sunderland, Durham which had become No. 80 ER in the English renumbering of 1863 and was still working at the time of publication of his listing in 1895.

REF: I84 Lodge No. 690 IC, in the 51st (2nd Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment of Foot 1788-1858 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 690 on September 4, 1788, to the men of the 51st (2nd Yorkshire, West Riding) Regiment of Foot. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that Volume 3 of the Grand Lodge Register records three brethren registered as of September 4, 1788: Jas. Hanna; Chas. Ferguson and Wm. Kirby; although there is no registration of the Master or Wardens. A further 20 brethren were registered up to either March 2 or May 18, 1790 (both dates appear in Cochrane’s notes at different times), and two more names on May 18, 1790. In the History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar, contained on the website of the Gibraltar Provincial Grand Lodge, it is noted that “In 1792 there were no fewer than eleven military or travelling Lodges in Gibraltar, one Irish in 51st Regiment . . . .”.175 There is no further information regarding the length of time the Regiment and its Lodge worked on Gibraltar. Even this information is questionable as the 51st Foot had a second working Lodge at this time, Orange Lodge, No. 94 ER(A)/94 IC. Cochrane notes from Grand Lodge records that Lodge No. 714 IC (in the 68th (Durham) Regiment was working in Gibraltar in 1792, with five other Irish Lodges - Nos. 11 (1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot); 168 (18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot); 227 (46th Regiment of Foot); 604 (11th (North Devonshire)Regiment of Foot); and 690 (51st Regiment of Foot). Grand Lodge records indicate that Lodge No. 690 fought with the Regiment in Corsica in 1793176 so it can safely be assumed that the Regiment held over in Gibraltar for a number of months enroute to Corsica. Volume 4 of the Second Series Grand Lodge Register indicates that the Lodge was transferred to Port Royal, Martinique with the 51st Foot in 1796. Cochrane notes that “This number (i.e. Warrant No. 690) was transferred from the 51st to the 15th to be held in Fort Royal, on the Island of Martinique which transfer was confirmed by the Grand Lodge of Ireland, April 2, 1801. Vi. Transactions.” This may have been one of those situations where members of the 51st and who were also Masons, transferred to the 15th Foot as early as 1796, and “took” the Lodge with them on their posting to Martinique. Cochrane notes that “The Registrar commences again at No. 1:- Jn. Clark; Edwd. Stapleton and Robt. Bastan being the first three. In all thirteen brethren were registered “as of 1796”. Nos. 15 and 16 (Wm. Leonard and Tho. Sandes) being registered 2 April 1801. A further 17 brethren registered up to 30 December, 1803.” This would seem to indicate that the transfer occurred as early as 1796 and that while Warrant No. 690 was in the 15th Foot, a total of 30 members were registered with Grand Lodge. In reviewing the information available on the 15th Foot it would appear that the Regiment proceeded to the Caribbean in 1790 and returned to England in 1796: and the 15th had, at this time, one Irish Lodge (No. 245 1754-1801). The other surprising point is that Cochrane’s notes also imply that the Lodge was, at this time on Martinique, a civilian Lodge. It is possible that when the 15th Foot was preparing to return to England from Martinique in 1796, it may have “paid off” the older members of the Regiment who stayed behind on the island: perhaps these older members were the Masons who had (in whole or in part) formed the Lodge and they therefore retained the Warrant and paraphernalia with them. Charity was an important aspect of Lodge activities, regardless whether in the 51st or 15th Foot, and regardless where situated. Grand Lodge records (Volume 6. p. 458) lists a contribution of £10-18-9 on March

175 The eleven Military Lodges at Gibraltar in 1792 included: No. 11 IC, 1st Royals; No. 168 IC (18th Foot); No. 227 IC (46th Foot); No. 604 IC (11th Foot); No. 690 IC (51st Foot); No. 714 IC (68th Foot); and No. 73 SC (32nd Foot).

176 The Corsican campaign of 1793/4 is notable because every one of the seven Regiments involved was home to a Masonic Lodge, all of which worked under Irish Warrants: 1st Royals, No. 11 IC (1732-1847); 11th Regt., No. 604 IC (1782-1815); 25th Regt., No. 92 IC (1749-1815); 30th Regt., No. 85 IC (1738-1793) and No. 535 IC (1776-1823); 50th Regt., No. 113 IC (1763-1815); 51st Regt., No. 690 IC (1788-1801) and No. 94 IC (1763-1815); and 69th Regt., No. 174 IC (1791-1821).

31, 1802 from Lodge No. 690 for the School for Female Orphan Children. Volume 4 of the Second Series Register shows that the Warrant was removed to Trinidad sometime before 1807. This event could have occurred as early as 1804 as Cochrane’s notes include: “In the archives of Grand Lodge, an apron, presented by Bro. A. J. Brown, one time Secretary of Unity Masonic Lodge No. 238, Dublin. The apron had belonged to his wife’s grandfather, one John Marston. This is a lambskin apron 19½ inches deep and 17 inches broad, on which are printed in colours - the All-Seeing Eye, the Square and Compasses between two pillars, and beneath them the Emblems of Mortality. On the back is inscribed: ‘Bro. John Marston, XXXVII Regt., Trinidad, 12th Octr., 1804, No. 690'. This was an Irish warranted Lodge which worked at Martinique, British West Indies, from 1801, and then at Trinidad from 1811 to 1836. Ref. 72. P. 171.” Lodge No. 690 in the 15th Foot was in Ireland in 1808. Cochrane notes that at a monthly meeting of the Grand Lodge “held at the Taylor’s Hall, in the city of Dublin, on Thursday, the 5th day of May, 1808. The R. W. and Hon. Abraham Hely Hutchinson, D.G.M. in the Chair . . . Bro. John Culbert (acting as Secretary) ... (read) addresses from the following Lodges ... (Lodge) No. 690 ... held at Garvagh.” The Regiment and Lodge No. 690 then returned to Trinidad. Sixteen brethren were registered with Grand Lodge for this Lodge on January 12, 1811, and the numbering for these members again recommences with “No. 1”. A total of 47 brethren were registered up to July 20, 1812. As the Warrant had become defaced, a duplicate was issued in March 1813 for the Lodge which was then still in Trinidad. At this time three members were registered to receive the new Warrant: And. Sawer; Edu. C. Whart and Joseph Driggs, but with no indication as to Master or Wardens. A further 49 brethren were registered up to November 1, 1824. There is some confusion in the Register as Cochrane notes that another duplicate Warrant was issued on August 4, 1836 “to sole surviving member for Port of Spain, Trinidad”. But he also shows that the Register indicates the Warrant was “revived” on August 4, 1836 to Edw. Cullimore Wharf, George Bland and Samuel Samuel, who had been registered on August 6, 1836, but with no indication as to Master or Wardens. A total of 13 brethren were registered on August 6, 1836. There were no further returns to Grand Lodge the Warrant was cancelled on December 2, 1858. Robert Freke Gould shows the termination date as 1796 in the listing in History of Freemasonry. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes this warrant in his list. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, shows that the number “690” was used four more times for Warrants: on April 2, 1801, to hold a Lodge at Martinique, no date shown of being struck off the rolls; on March 14, 1813, to hold a Lodge at Trinidad, no date shown of being struck off the rolls; in 1825, to hold another Lodge in Trinidad, no date shown of being struck off the rolls; and undated to hold a Lodge in Durban, South Africa, no date shown of being struck off the rolls. The first three of these have already been noted above. Of the last for Durban, Cochrane lists a date of issue of December 27, 1944, for Northway Lodge, Durban, South Africa, and shows the Lodge as “Current” in 2001.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published 1973 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in manuscript form. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC, IC, Dublin, 1925. (6) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar and History of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 ER, Gibraltar held on the Calpe Lodge website: http://www.gibnynex.gi/inst/calpe325/fullhistory.html. (8) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 51st Foot.]

REF: I88 Lodge No. 420 IC, in the 56th (Pompadours) Regiment of Foot 1765-1817 [now part of The Royal Anglian Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland originally issued Warrant No. 420 on August 2, 1764 to hold a Lodge at Clonmel, Co. Tipperary. It is not known when the Lodge ceased working, but the Warrant was returned to Grand Lodge. Neither V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, nor R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, show a date of closure. On December 5, 1765, the Grand Lodge of Ireland transferred Warrant No. 420177 to hold a Lodge in the 56th (Pompadours) Regiment of Foot. Cochrane notes that Volume 1 of the Grand Lodge Registers refers to the transfer of the Warrant from Clonmel to the 56th Foot on December 5, 1765 and the registration of seven brethren on that date, including Frans. McCanty, Master; and Geo. Charlton and Wm. Glover, Wardens. He also notes that the Register shows a further five brethren registered up to March 5, 1769, including two Lieutenants of the 56th Foot. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 56th Foot, writes that “During the siege of Gibraltar on the 15th April 1781, the Surgeon of the 56th Regiment, Thomas Chisholm, was wounded in the head, had one foot taken off and the other broken, and put in a casemate, at King’s Bastion. He joined the regiment back on 8th February 1762. He was a member of the above Lodge (No. 420 IC). He died on 7th December 1788." The Lodge worked in Gibraltar in 1772/3 and Cochrane cites the records of the Antients’ Grand Lodge for December 15, 1773: “Heard a letter from No. 148 (Royal Artillery) at Gibraltar, setting forth that a set of people who had their authority from the ‘Modern’ Grand Lodge, thought proper to dispute the legality of said Warrant No. 148. That in the said garrison there were also held Lodges 11, 244, 290, 359, 420 and 466 (1st, 2nd, 39th, 76th, 56th and 58th Foot) on the Registry of Ireland and No. 58 (12th Regiment) on the Registry of Scotland. Ref. ML. P. 128).” Sheppard adds the following “The above Lodge supported the case of the Royal Artillery Lodge as properly formed and Warranted and was allowed by the Governor to take part in the festival of St. John’s with the other Lodges in the Garrison.” These are the sole surviving comments referring to the life and activities of the Lodge. Warrant No. 420 IC was cancelled on August 7, 1817. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry lists the Warrant and comments in a footnote that Warrant No. 420 IC was allocated to “59th Foot in Downe’s list, 1804” although this is not borne out by the records of the Grand Lodge of Ireland. Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces includes the Warrant in his list. Crossle also lists three further uses of the number “420” for Lodges, although Cochrane lists four:

• Cochrane lists the issue of a Dispensation on December 16, 163 and by Warrant No. 420 on February 18, 1864, to Lodge Onehunga in Onehunga, New Zealand. At this time in history, Onehunga was one of a chain of forts protecting Aukland and was the Depot for the 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot. Although this Lodge went into darkness and returned Warrant No. 402 to Grand Lodge in December 1877, the Irish Collars and Jewels are still in use by the Master and Wardens of Lodge Manukau, No. 24 GRNZ, along with a silver trowel (also similarly inscribed) and a small model of a black coffin bearing the figures “420” and the seal of Lodge Onehunga;

• in 1914 for Pioneers’ Masonic Lodge at Belfast, no date shown for being struck off the rolls.

177 “Transferred” is the word used in Cochrane’s notes. No copy of the Warrant is known to exist and it is unclear whether the actual original Warrant was used and endorsed over to the 56th Foot or whether a new Warrant was actually issued. There are examples of cases where the actual Warrant was reused with an appropriate endorsement on the face or reverse so the issue arises here.

Cochrane does not list this issue.

• on June 3, 1915, to hold a Lodge in the 6th Battalion, of the 99th Foot (Royal Irish Rifles), although other sources note this as being for the “16th Service Battalion of the Royal Irish Rifles (Pioneers)”, no date shown for being struck off the rolls. Although Crossle provides no information on Lodge workings in his Records, he says that Grand Lodge minutes indicate that in 1916 the Lodge assembled for labour and the conferring of degrees, while under fire, the only such known recorded instance. Cochrane lists this issue of a Warrant No. 420 to Pioneers Lodge in the 16th (Service Battalion of the Royal Irish Rifles (Fusiliers) on June 3, 1915 and confirms, with details, the meeting of July 8, 1915, at Ploogstreet (or Ploeg-street), Belgium (within 3000 yards of the German front line) called to work unspecified degrees, lasting from 3 to 10 pm, being called off for dinner from 6 to 7:30 pm. Cochrane notes that the Lodge was transferred to Freemason’s Square, Arthur Square, Belfast, and that it is listed as “Current”;

• Crossle shows Warrant No. 420 issued March 3, 1921, to hold a Lodge in Belfast, no date shown for being struck off the rolls. It is possible that the military Warrant was converted to a civilian Lodge, or a stationary Lodge for military personnel. Cochrane does not show this as a separate issue but merely a transfer of the Lodge mentioned above as being in the 16th (Service) Battalion of the Royal Irish Rifles (Fusiliers). Cochrane lists this as “Current” in 2001.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published 1973 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in manuscript form. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC, IC, Dublin, 1925. (6) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 56th Foot.]

REF: I96 Lodge No. 130 IC, in the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot 1817-1858 [now part of The Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales’s)]

R. W. Bro. Keith Crossle, in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes that the number “130” was used four times for Warrants issued by the Grand Lodge of Ireland. The first Warrant No. 130 was issued on November 3, 1742, to hold a Lodge in Newmarket, Co. Cork. Grand Lodge records note that the Lodge worked in Mallow before July 1749; had ceased working by July 19, 1749; was working in Cork about 1775 and as late as 1803. The Warrant was cancelled on October 7, 1813 for non payment of Grand Lodge dues and fees. The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued a new Warrant No. 130 on December 4, 1817, to the men of the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot. Cochrane notes that Volume 2 of the Grand Lodge Register records the registration on December 4, 1817, of John Nuttal; James Smyth and John Mornan. A further 11 brethren were registered on December 31, 1818. By August 11, 1929, a total of 71 brethren were registered. Cochrane notes that “in the Archives of Grand Lodge, a draft of a Knight Templar Certificate issued 5 April, 1817, by this Lodge”. He also notes the existence in the archives a photograph of a silver Masonic jewel inscribed “Alexr. Ranken, Hibernia Lodge No. 130”. Cochrane notes that Alexander Rankin (note the variation Ranken and Rankin) had been registered with Grand Lodge on August 11, 1829.

In the Calpe Lodge History (Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar)178, it is recorded that in 1825/26, Lodge No. 68 IC, along with Lodge No. 42 IC (held in the 42nd (Black Watch) Regiment of Foot) and Lodge No. 130 IC (held in the 1st Battalion, North Staffordshire Regiment) sponsored the Petition for a Warrant for Gibraltar Lodge (the first civilian and stationary Irish Lodge on Gibraltar, issued Warrant No. 325 IC, and still working). The Calpe Lodge History notes that the particular Artillery Unit was the 2nd Company 7th Battalion of Royal Artillery, missing the correct title of Royal Irish Artillery. The first WM of Lodge No. 325 IC (the first civilian Irish Lodge on Gibraltar whose Warrant was issued on September 7, 1826) was W. Bro. Daniel Durham, who had been initiated into Lodge No. 309 IC in the 26th (The Cameronians) and had been released locally (i.e. at Gibraltar) from military service in about 1822. The SW (Bro. Isaac Thompson); JW (Bro. Alexander Imbrie); Secretary (Bro. John Pratt) and one Charter Member, Bro. Robert Moravia; were from Lodge No. 68 IC, held in the 2nd Company, 7th Battalion of Royal Irish Artillery and which was one of the sponsoring Lodges for No. 325. The SD (Bro. Charles Causton) and one other Charter Member, Bro. John Wheatley, were members of Lodge No. 130 IC in the 64th (2nd Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot. The members from the Royal Artillery had also been released from service on Gibraltar and their unit had left. In addition, the Treasurer (Bro. Francisco Semonetti); JD (Bro. Joseph Baggetto) and Tyler (Bro. Giacomo Celicia) and Charter Member W. Bro. Thomas Varnor; were members of Lodge No. 715 ER, in the Gibraltar Ordinance Department, which had surrendered its Warrant in 1826. Grand Lodge minutes for March 3, 1831 note “Read the application of Lodge 130 in the 64th Regt.

178 An excellent 72 page summary of the full history of Calpe Lodge, No. 325 IC, Gibraltar is maintained on the Lodge web site at . It is accompanied by a twelve page summary entitled The First Two Hundred Years of the Craft in Gibraltar.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 207 to be remitted Grand Lodge dues during the continuance of Liet.-Col. Hill Dickson’s prohibition of Masonic Meetings in the Regiment - Complied with”. It is not known when the Lodge actually ceased working, but the Warrant was cancelled on December 2, 1858. Cochrane notes in regard to Warrant No. 130 IC that “Another Warrant, No. 38 was associated with this Regiment”. Warrant No. 38 IC was issued in either November 1734 or September 1735 to hold a Lodge in Lillingston’s (38th Foot) and is listed under that Regiment. The reference to the 38th and 64th Regiments having anything in common is the result of the 1959 amalgamation of Regiments which saw the creation of The Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales’s) in the Prince of Wales’s Division, from the amalgamation of The South Staffordshire Regiment [ex 38th and 80th] and The North Staffordshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales’s) [ex 64th and 98th]. Cochrane notes two further issues of Warrants bearing the number “130”:

• on August 26, 1870, to hold a Lodge at Bandon, Co. Cork, and that the Warrant was returned on June 3, 1880 when this Lodge amalgamated with Lodge No. 84; and

• on July 12, 1880, to hold Star in the West Lodge, Valentia Island, Co. Kerry, the Warrant being returned to Grand Lodge on March 7, 1974.

A copy of Warrant No. 130 IC issued to the 64th Foot was requested from the Grand Lodge of Ireland if the original should be found in the Archives. The reply indicated that there was no trace of the Warrant and that it had probably not been returned.

[Sources: (1) Irish Masonic Records, by V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, published 1973 by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in manuscript form. (2) R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane in his CD-ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973. (3) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957. (4) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, by Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (5) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol I, by John Heron Lepper and Philip Crossle, published by the Lodge of Research, No. CC, IC, Dublin, 1925. (6) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 64th Foot.]

REF: I103 Lodge No. 714 IC, in the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot 1790-1813 [now part of The Light Infantry Regiment]

The Grand Lodge of Ireland issued Warrant No. 714 on April 1, 1790, to hold a Lodge in the 68th (Durham) Regiment of Foot which was then based in the Gibraltar garrison. R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane’s CD- ROM Update (June 2000 and Fall 2001) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973 notes that Volume 3 of the extant Grand Lodge Registers records the names of three brethren: James Coleman, James Fitzgerald and Henry Charles Sirr, and that there is no registration of Master or Wardens. Cochrane and V.W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson note that “. . . . the first Junior Warden was Henry Charles Sirr179”, although Cochrane notes Sirr was a member of Lodge No. 56180. It is likely, based on other experience with Warrants, that Coleman was Master and the others were the Wardens of the Lodge. Cochrane writes that Grand Lodge records note that Lodge No. 714 IC was working in Gibraltar in 1792181, with five other Irish Lodges - Nos. 11 (1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot); 168 (18th (Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot); 227 (46th Regiment of Foot); 604 (11th (North Devonshire)Regiment of Foot); and 690 (51st Regiment of Foot). W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 68th Foot, writes that Lodge No. 714 IC took a very active part in the running of the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia (Gibraltar) under the Ancient Grand Lodge. In 1791 Lieutenant-Colonel John Bridges Schaw became Provincial Grand Master, with Sergeant John Turner as Provincial Grand Secretary. Both Brethren were members of No. 714 IC. The Warrant was cancelled on October 7, 1813. V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle, in his Irish Masonic Records, 1973, includes this issue of Warrant No. 714. This Warrant is also included in the Appendix attached to Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture. Crossle also notes that the number “714” was used for an undated Warrant to hold a Lodge at Newtownwards, Co. Down, no date is shown when the Warrant was struck off the rolls of Grand Lodge. Cochrane lists the issue as June 5, 1947 to hold Scrabo Lodge, Newtownards, Co. Down, and that the Lodge is “Current” in 2001. A copy of Warrant No. 714 IC issued to the 68th Foot was requested from the Grand Lodge of Ireland if the original should be found in the Archives. The reply indicated that there was no trace of the Warrant and that it had probably not been returned.

179 W. Bro. Ray Sheppard describes Major Henry Charles Sirr, charter JW of the Lodge, as “an old Irish Mason from Lodge No. 56, and said to be the father of Freemasonry in Jersey.

180 R. W. Bro. Keith Cochrane, CD-ROM Update (June 2000) of V. W. Bro. Philip Crossle’s Irish Masonic Records, 1973, notes for Lodge No. 56 that there is no record of the issue of Warrant in the Grand Lodge Register (which dates from 1761 only) but that it was probably issued in either August or November 1736. The Warrant was erased from the Register in 1807.

181 W. Bro. Ray Sheppard reports that the Regiment served in the Gibraltar garrison from 1784 to 1794.

Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 68th Foot.]

REF: E98 Lodge No. 7 PRAndalusia(A), in the 70th (Surrey) Regiment of Foot at Gibraltar 1804-???? [now part of The Queen’s Regiment]

In 1796 The Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia (Antients), authorized the working of Lodge No. 7, Provincial (Antients) in the 70th Regiment of Foot in 1804, under the authority of its own Warrant, No. 220 ER(A), which had been issued on January 25, 1786. The Lodge was never registered on the books of the Grand Lodge of England (Antients). The history and disposition of the Warrant is unknown. John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 carries a very short entry for the Lodge on page 465 in Part IV “Lodges Constituted or Warranted Abroad, but never Registered in the Books of Grand Lodge” as follows: “Gibraltar. No. 7, Provincial. In the 70th Regiment of Foot.” It is possible that Gibraltar Warrant, No. 7, was issued to Hooker St. John Lodge, No. 97 SC according to C. Martin McGibbon, ASCA, Grand Secretary, The Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. The Warrant was reissued (date unknown) to Orthes Lodge in the 6th Foot, being erased in 1816.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895. (2) Pages of George Draffen’s Scottish Records copied and provided by C. Martin McGibbon, ASCA, Grand Secretary, The Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. (2) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 70th Foot.]

REF: E107 Lodge, No. 4 PRAndalusia(A), in the 82nd Regiment of Foot, Gibraltar 1811-???? [now part of The Lancastrian Brigade]

W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 82nd Foot, writes that the Provincial Grand Lodge of Andalusia (Gibraltar) issued Warrant No. 4 (local) under date of July 4, 1811, to hold a Lodge in the 82nd Regiment of Foot, which was then serving in the garrison. The Officers of the new Lodge, all of whom were Provincial Grand Lodge officers were: William Mason, Provincial Grand Master; James Stewart, Deputy Provincial Grand Master; and Samuel Holdsworth, Provincial Senior Grand Warden. There is no entry for the Lodge in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894. Lane lists nothing in Part IV “Lodges Constituted or Warranted Abroad, but never Registered in the Books of Grand Lodge for Gibraltar beyond an incomplete listing which shows only local Warrants Nos. 2 to 9 inclusive, all of which were issued to military Lodges - but not the 82nd Foot.

REF: E112 Lodge No. 8, PRAndalusia(A), in the 90th Regiment of Foot at Gibraltar 1803-???? [now part of The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) (Territorial)]

The Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar (Antients), authorized the working of Lodge No. 8, Provincial (Antients) in the 90th Regiment of Foot in 1803, under the authority of its own Warrant, No. 220 ER(A), which had been issued on January 25, 1786. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 90th Foot lists a date of issue of December 14, 1796 - between 1795 and 1801 the 90th (Perthshire Volunteers) Regiment of Foot was on station at Gibraltar. Sheppard also notes that the founder officers were: Bro. Sergeant James Lewis, WM; Bro. John McCawly, SW; Bro. John Lapslie, JW; and Bro. Andrew Means, Secretary. During the Regiment’s time in Ireland, the official list published in December 1804, giving the names of the Masters and Wardens of all Lodges meeting in Dublin, includes Lodge No. 8, Andalusia, in the 90th Regiment. A certificate dated May 22, 1800, issued by the Lodge to Bro. Joseph Favell, certifying that he had been properly initiated, passed and raised, is transcribed below. The original document is in fairly good condition and is framed, and hangs on the wall of True Britons’ Lodge, No. 14 GRC, Perth. A copy is awaited from the Lodge historian. The Lodge was never registered on the books of the Grand Lodge of England (Antients) and no English Warrant was assigned according to C. Martin McGibbon, ASCA, Grand Secretary, The Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland. There is only one entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 on page 465 for the Lodge as follows: “No. 8, Provincial. In the 90th Regiment of Foot. Gibraltar.” The Appendix attached to Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master- Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge does not include reference to this Lodge. The final disposition of the Warrant is unknown.

[Sources: (1) History of Freemasonry, by Robert Freke Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (2) The Master-Mason-At- Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London. (3) “The Poor Common Soldier”, A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants, by Bro. John Heron Lepper, as printed in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1925, (4) Some Notes on Irish Military Warrants, by V. W. Bro. R. E. Parkinson, as printed in The Lodge of Research, No. C.C., Ireland, Transactions For the Years 1949-1957, pp 119-141. (5) History of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Ireland, Vol. I, 1925. (6) Masonic Records 1717-1894, 2nd Edition, by John Lane, 1895. (7) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 90th Foot.]

REF: E120 Lodge No. 3 PRGibraltar(A), in the 100th Regiment of Foot at Gibraltar 1796?-???? [Regiment disbanded in 1922]

The Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar (Antients), authorized the working of Lodge No. 3, Provincial (Antients) in the 100th Regiment of Foot in 1803, under the authority of its own Warrant, No. 220 ER(A), which had been issued on January 25, 1786. The Lodge was never registered on the books of the Grand Lodge of England (Antients) and no English Warrant (or number) was assigned. Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, printed in 1887, includes the Warrant in his list on page 403, and shows the date of issue as 1804. The final disposition of the Warrant is unknown. W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his notes on Lodges in the 100th (Prince of Wales’s Royal Canadian) Regiment of Foot lists the date of issue of No. 3 Gibraltar as 1796 but provides no date of termination, cancellation or erasure. Sheppard also includes an interesting comment that: In the archives of ‘The Grand Lodge of Scotland & United Grand Lodge of England’ dated September 1957, there is a reference to the V.S.L. & the Warrant of the above Lodge to be sold by auction on 24th September 1957. (The entry in the catalogue reads) 513. Freemasonry - Holy Bible, Tooled Crimson, French. Mor. B.D.G., inscribed ‘The Gift of Brother William Morgue, to Lodge 351, the Charter dated 1796 in pocket. United Grand Lodge placed a limit of £10 on the Lot. It sold for £15, a few days later it was again up for sale by “Bernard Quaritch Ltd. for £45. The Book etc, was formerly in the possession of the Rt. Hon. Earl of Dalhousie, M.C.” The note is included under the reference to Lodge No. 3 Gibraltar as this was the Lodge to which Brother Morgue belonged. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic records 1717-1894 on page 465 reads: “No. 3, Provincial (Gibraltar). In the 100th Regiment of Foot.”

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, 2nd Edition, by John Lane, 1895. (2) Flags of Masonry in the line Regiments of the British Army, by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, P.M. 322 I.C., September 2002, notes on Lodges in the 100th Foot.]

REF: E121 Lodge No. 4 PRGibraltar(A), in the 108th Regiment of Foot at Gibraltar 1803/4-????

The Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar (Antients) originally issued local Warrant No. 4 on November 18, 1777 to hold a Lodge in the Royal Artillery at Gibraltar. This issue of the Warrant was cancelled in 1804. This Lodge does not appear in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 as the only entry is for a No. 2 (Gibraltar) dating after 1786. In 1803/4 the Provincial Grand Lodge of Gibraltar (Antients), authorized the reissue of Warrant No. 4, Provincial (Antients) to hold a Lodge in the 108th Regiment of Foot. The Lodge was never registered on the books of the Grand Lodge of England (Antients) and no Warrant (or number) was assigned. [Source: C. Martin McGibbon, ASCA, Grand Secretary, The Grand Lodge of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.] The final disposition of the Warrant is unknown. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 appears on page 465 as follows: “No. 4, Provincial (Gibraltar). In the 108th Regiment of Foot.” Lane notes that the Warrant was not registered with London.

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, 2nd Edition, by John Lane, 1895. (2) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth, Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of Quatuor Coronati Lodge, 1990, London.]

(h) Two erroneously labelled “Gibraltar” Lodges

A new Warrant No. 187182 was issued (the Grand Lodge Register says “revived”) on May 25, 1812, by the Antients Grand Lodge, to hold a Lodge in the 9th Battalion of Royal Artillery, which was then serving in the Gibraltar Garrison. James W. Reddyhoff notes that there are references to the Lodge meeting at Canterbury and Sandgate in 1812 and Hythe in 1813. Following the unification of the Antients and Moderns Grand Lodges in 1813, new Warrants were issued in 1814, and the Lodge received No. 228 ER. Bro. Ray Sheppard, in his 1984 listing of Military Warrants notes that no payments were made to United Grand Lodge after 1814. It is unclear when the Lodge ceased working, but the Warrant was erased in 1822. Although Robert Freke Gould, in his History of Freemasonry, 1887, shows only one Warrant, No. 187 ER(A) as being issued, he notes the Lodge existing throughout the 1812-1822 period. He shows the Lodge as “Gibraltar Lodge”, the name adopted here, although this may just have been to illustrate that the Lodge worked in Gibraltar. Two Warrants are referred to in the Appendix in Bro. Frederick Smyth’s Prestonian Lecture for 1990 entitled The Master-Mason-At-Arms. A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, one having been issued by the Antients in 1812 and one by the Grand Lodge of Ireland in 1823. Irish records do not show any Irish Warrant being issued to the 9th Battalion. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 for Warrant No. 187B ER(A), page 140, reads as follows: “9th Battalion, Royal Artillery, Gibraltar (Malaga), Spain 1812. (G. L. Warrant) 25 May 1812 No. 187B. Revived at Gibraltar. G. L. Reg. 1814 No. 228 ER. At Canterbury, Kent 1812. At Sandgate, Kent 1812. At Hythe, Kent 1813. No payments after 1814. Erased in 1822.” Reddyhoff also notes that any connection of a Lodge in the 9th Battalion with Gibraltar is totally incorrect. No company of the 9th Battalion had been in Gibraltar since the Battalion had been formed at Woolwich on June 1, 1806. Only one company, that of Captain Alexander Munro, had been at both Canterbury and Sandgate in 1812 and it was there after returning from the Walcheren expedition in 1809. In June 1813 the company had removed to Shorncliffe and then to Portsmouth in March 1814 where it embarked on transports for New Orleans. Reddyhoff notes that Sandgate, Shorncliffe and Hythe are contiguous and the move to America in 1814 could explain why there were no further payments to Grand Lodge. As he says: “How Grand Lodge arrived at the Gibraltar connection is a mystery.”

[Sources: (1) Masonic Records 1717-1894, by John Lane, Second Edition, 1895. (2) History of Freemasonry, by R. F. Gould, 3rd Edition, 1886. (3) The Master-Mason-At-Arms, A Short Study of Freemasonry in the Armed Forces, Bro. Frederick Smyth in his Prestonian Lecture for 1990, as reprinted in the Transactions of the Quatuor Coronati Lodge. (4) Freemasonry in the Royal Artillery, by Bro. James W. Reddyhoff, AQC, Volume 116, 2003.]

182 The Provincial Grand Lodge of Quebec issued Warrant No. 9 (local) to hold a Lodge in the 1st Battalion, Royal Artillery, when it was in the garrison at Quebec. The Battalion and its Lodge returned to England and applied to the Antients Grand Lodge which issued the first Warrant bearing the number “187" on April 28, 1774. The Warrant lapsed by 1777.

REF: E145 Lodge, No. 459 ER, 10th Battalion, Royal Artillery, various locations 1814-1817 (1821) REF: E145 Lodge, No. 356 ER(A), in Captain James Addams’ Company, 10th Battalion, Royal Artillery, at Portsmouth and Montreal (using a Gibraltar authority) 1813-1814

I am indebted to W. Bro. Ray Sheppard, PM, Lodge Glittering Star, No. 211 IC, who has researched and obtained the information for this Lodge. The last military Warrant to be issued by the Antients’ Grand Lodge, No. 356, was issued on July 6, 1813 to hold a Lodge in Captain James Addams’ Company (the 117th) in the 10th Battalion of Royal Artillery183. The Lodge name, which is not recorded in documents and for which the year of its adoption is unknown, appears on a smoke seal imprint in the minute book itself as “Royal Artillery Freemasons Lodge No. 459”. This is, again, less a “name” and more an indication of what and where the Lodge was held.

Seal taken from the Minutes

[Source: Photocopy of Lodge Minute book provided by W. Bro. Ray Sheppard.]

Warrant No. 356 reads that the Lodge was in Gibraltar—but it was actually located in Portsmouth. The Lodge was formed on August 18, 1813 at Portsmouth and was Constituted by Twelve Brother’s Lodge No. 138184. There were nine Founding Members of the new Lodge who may have been ex-Irish Artillery and transferred into the 10th Battalion RA, although this is not clear. The founders were all from Lodge No. 228 IC and included: WM, Zachauah Wilson; SW, Hugh Thompson (trade “Cordwns” from Killalach, initiated in No. 100 IC); JW, John Adames (trade “Weaver”, from Belmonach, initiated in No. 606 IC); SD, William Harper (trade “Weaver”, from Belmonach, initiated in No. 537 IC); JD, John Carrol (trade “Tayor”, from Armagh, initiated in No. 749 IC); Secretary, John Jennings (trade “Mason”, from Armagh, initiated in No. 7 ER(A) and now No. 13, ER); P.M., Mathl. Green (trade “Labour”, from Lisburn, initiated in No. 811 IC); and Treasurer, James Mc.Cully (trade “Weaver”, from Armagh, initiated in No. 201 IC). It appears that all the Founders were in possession of Certificates attesting to their Masonic status—an improvement over earlier times when Founders only had to state that they were Masons who had been registered with an “approved” Grand Lodge or in the early days of the Antients-Moderns split when they only stated that they were “master masons” without specifying whether they were one or the other. W. Bro. Sheppard notes that the records show that three other members of the new Lodge were: John Winsford (trade “Painter”, from South Mold, initiated in 228 IC); Abraham Brannan (trade “Cordwaind”,

183 Three more Antients’ Warrants would be issued before unification: No. 357 ER(A) of July 29, 1813 to hold Royal Union Lodge at Cirencester, Gloucestershire; No. 358 ER(A) of July 28, 1813, to hold Union Lodge at Georgetown, Demerera, British Guiana; and No. 359 ER(A) of October 12, 1813, to hold Lodge of Friends, St. Pierre, Martinique, West Indies.

184 Twelve Brother’s Lodge, No. 138 ER(A), dates from March 4, 1808 and met at the Blue Anchor Tavern at Portsea.

© 2006 S. M. Jenkyns Freemasonry in Gibraltar 219 from Biddiford, initiated in 228 IC) and William Butler (trade unspecified, Secretary of 228 IC, from Barnstorph). Following the unification of the Antients and Moderns Grand Lodges in 1813, new Warrants were issued in 1814, and the Lodge received No. 459 ER. A copy of the minutes of 38 meetings of the Lodge (36 held during the time it was located in Canada) have been obtained through W. Bro. Ray Sheppard—March 9, 1814 (the last meeting in Portsmouth before leaving for Canada); September 21, 1814; October 12, 1815; November 16 and 29, 1815; December 14 and 27, 1815; January 6 and 11, 1816; February 6, 8, 13, 23 and 27, 1816; March 14, 1816; April 11, 1816; May 8, 1816; June 13 and 24, 1816; July 11, 1816; August 8, 1816; September 12, 1816; October 10, 1816; November 11, 1816; December 12 and 27, 1816; January 9 and 22, 1817; February 13 and 17, 1817; March 13 and 21, 1817; April 10 and 16, 1817; May 8 and 26, 1817; June 6, 1817 (held at Quebec); and August 14, 1817 (held at Woolwich). These minutes reveal the initiation, raising and passing of several members of the Lodge — John Watson (proposed by Bro. Ridley) and James Hill (proposed by Bro. Carrol) “. . . Balloted for . . . and initiated . . . passed and raised . . .” on March 9, 1814; David Hogg, James Rowley and Richard Jervin were initiated on October 12, 1815; Minutes of the Lodge indicate that it was situated at Portsmouth for the entire year 1813 and that on March 16, 1814, the Company mustered at Portsmouth Docks. There it embarked on the T/P Lord Mulgrave on March 21, 1814 with an additional detachment of “. . . 1 sergt.; 1 corpl.; 1 bomb and 11 gunners . . .”. The company landed at Quebec on May 30, 1814, mustered on June 1, 1814 and moved to Montreal. On July 1, 1814 the Company is recorded at Chambly and from August to October, at Montreal. On November 17, 1814 the Company is reported at Kingston where it remained until July 1, 1815 when it removed to Montreal where it remained until June 1817. In that month the Company embarked at Quebec on T/P Hussaren, landed at Woolwich on July 23, 1817, mustered for the last time on August 1, 1817 and was disbanded (WEF 31 August 1817). It is possible that the Lodge may have met after the Company was disbanded. Grand Lodge records show that in 1821, the Warrant, then held in Capt. Addam’s Company, was erased. Charter, initiated and affiliated Members of the Lodge and the various Visitors, as recorded in the Minutes, are available. The entry in John Lane’s Masonic Records 1717-1894 for Warrant No. 356 ER(A)/459 ER, page 207, reads as follows: “3rd Company or 10th Battalion Royal Artillery [Capt. Adams’ or 10th Company] Gibraltar (Malaga) Spain 1813. (G. L. Warrant) 16 July 1813 No. 356 ER(A). 1814 No. 459 ER. At King’s Head, St. Mary’s Street, Portsmouth, Hampshire 1813. Tenth Battalion Royal Artillery. Erased in 1821.”

Note on the location of the Lodge at formation. John Lane records in Masonic Records that the location of the Warrant was “Gibraltar”. W. Bro. Sheppard (and others) believe that this reference has a validity because, under the Secret Societies Act of 1799, which included Freemasonry, it was believed that no new Warrants could (or should) be issued. The Antients overcame this be re-issuing old defunct Warrants—not necessarily Warrants which were in the possession of the Grand Secretary, but those from which the Grand Secretary and Grand Lodge had not heard for many years. These Warrants were made out again and charged for as new Warrants. To identify this series of re-issues of numbers (rather than actual Warrants) Lane adopted a reference numbering by adding “A”, “B”, “C” etc to the original number. Sometimes Lodges came across old defunct Warrants of lower numbers and Grand Lodge permitted them to be exchanged for the lower numbered one at cost. Gibraltar appears to have been an area where Lodges would be formed but would not report regularly to Grand Lodge due to the large number of infantry regiments and units of the Royal Artillery passing through. The Moderns eventually followed this system.

About the Author

Michael Jenkyns spent 32 years in the federal civil service: twenty-nine with the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) where he served as Regional Director (Bilateral) for S. E. Asia and also East Africa, and held diplomatic postings as Head of CIDA Programs in Djakarta (1973-75) and Nairobi (1986-88). He is a graduate of Carleton University, Ottawa (BA - 1967) and Algonquin College, Ottawa (Honors Post- graduate Diploma in International Trade - 1998). He has travelled extensively around the world (visiting about 45 countries) and is very interested in the history of Canada and its place on the global stage in the twenty-first century. He is married to Virginia Elizabeth (Nash) and they have two children: Megan (Brooks) and Andrew.

Michael joined Acacia Lodge, No. 561 GRC, Ottawa in 1991 and is an active member of several York Rite bodies. He has made an extensive and exhaustive study of Freemasonry in military regiments and their contribution to the growth and spread of Freemasonry around the globe and particularly in Ontario. Michael is a Fellow of the Ontario College of Freemasonry; an affiliate of The Heritage Lodge, No. 730 GRC; The Lodge of Research, No. CC IC, Dublin; the Philalethes Society and the Quatuor Coronati Correspondence Circle, London.

By the same author

The Sovereign Great Priory of Canada of the United Orders of Malta and of the Temple 1855-2002, The Supreme Grand Masters, published 2003 by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises, ISBN 0-9732736-0-7.

Central District (1858-1895) and Ottawa District 13 (1896-present) Royal Arch Masons of Ontario, published 2003 by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises, ISBN 0-9732736-1-5. Out of print.

Discontinuous Flight: A Canadian Pilot in the Royal Air Force 1939-1945, published 2003 by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises, ISBN 0-9732736-2-3. Out of Print

The Cryptic Rite in Ontario: The Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of Ontario from 1871 to 2004, published Spring 2005 by Gryphon Jenkyns Enterprises, ISBN 0-9732736-4-X