WAR D EPAR TM E NT TECHNICAL M IfB \'f fjf;�
TM £11-219 GER.EGlSIREER
DIRECTOR Y OF
GERMAN RADAR
EQUIPMENT
W II R [)}; P ,-I R T MEN T • APRIL 1945
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RESTRICTED. DISSEMINATION OF RESTRICTED MATTER.
No person is entitled solely by virtue of his grade or position to knowl o:dge or possession of classified matter. Such matter is entrusted oniy to ,bnse individuals whnse official duties require such knowledge or pOfise�ion. (See also paragraph 23h, AR 380-5, 15 March 1944.)
(l'llitf'd States Goven!1lHmt PJ"inting Office.
Wa8hington: 19,45 WAR DEPARTMENT
Washington 25, D. C., 20 April 1945
TM Ell-219, Directory of German Radar Equipment, is published for the information and guidance of all concerned.
rA. G. 300.7 (28 Oct 44)J
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:
OFFICIAL:
J. A. ULlO G. C. MARSHALL Major General Chief 'of Staff The Adjutant General
DISTRIBUTlON:
AAF (5); AGF (5); ASF (2); T of Opn (5); Dept (5); Base Comd (5); Def Comd (2); Arm & Sv Bd (2); S Div ASF (1); SvC (5); Area ASvC (5); PE (Sig Sec) (2); ASF Dep (Sig Sec) (2); Dep 11 (Oversea) (10); GenOversea SOS Dep (Sig Sec) (10); Pro Dist 11 (2); USMA (2); WDGS Lib (2); Lab 11 (2); Rep Shop 11 (2); Insp Z 11 (2); A (5); CHQ (5) Three (3) copies to each of the following T/O & E's: 1-27; 1-37; 1-67; 1-117; 1-127; 1-137; 1-287; 1-550-1; 1-618; 1-727; 1-757; 1-759: 1-768; 1-1017; 1-1018; 4-61; 4-156; 11-107; 11-237; 11-287; 11-327; 11-400; 11-411S; 1I-415S; 11-437; 11-500; 44-12; 44-1I6; 44-117; 44-138; T/O & E11-617 (1).
Refer to FM 21-6 for explanation of distribution formula.
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FOREWORD
PURPOSE OF MANUAL Eqnipment lerial number TYPfJ number This manual presents a condensation and com 32, 34, and 36 . . .. 204, 204/1 pilation of the data available at the present time 40, 42, 44, 45, 46 . ...204/3 on German radar equipment. It is intended to . 47 to 58.. .206/1 be of service for recognition purposes and also A typical designation for a Pole type Freya is: to aid in the identification of components. It is FuMG (Flum) 40G (fZ) issued in loose-leaf form, in order that addi in LZ mounting number 87=f 344 tional sheets or revisions of old sheets can be It will be noted that this equipment is similar issued as later information is obtained. to the DT II, and also that it is attributed to Gema. Since the equipment is demountable GERMAN RADAR NOMENCLATURE (Zer)egbare), however, Z has taken the place According to one authority·, the backbone of of B, and the equipment is specifically stated the German radar system is the Freya, a name to be built into an LZ mounting. The f 344 is applied by the German Air Force to several the serial number of the actual set and has no models of transportable, early-warning equip systematic relation to the LZ serial number. ment. From the same source the following This f number is normally, and the LZ number irtformation on nomenclature is obtained. The more rarely, painted on each of the main com Freya was originally known as DT equipment. ponent units of the radar set. These numbers since the German equivalent of the term .radar are not always changed when a unit is returned is DT. or Dete. Later, the various models were for repair to the base workshop and reissued distinguished, Dete-Geriit (radar set) I being to another station. It is therefore not unusual the 1939 version and Detc-Geriit II the 1940 to find after a time a selection of f numbers model. The official designations· for these are: on any one unit. Units may also be found bear DT I: FuMG (Flum) 39G (fB) ing their history in the shape of a series of DT II: FuMG (Flum) 40G (fB) f or LZ numbers. Actually, these designations are abbreviated descriptions of the equipment. FuMG (Funk COMPONENT NOMENCLATURE messgerat), sometimes written FMG, is the The major components of Freya equipment are common term for radar equipment. Flum designated by the following arbitrary series of (Flugmeldung) expresses the particular use letters: of this set. namely, aircraft reporting. The Z = Summer = Audio oscillator + phase numbers 39 and 40 refer to the design year� shifters. etc. of these two models. and the G denotes Gema, T = Main transmitter + modulator. the manufacturer. The small letter f probably Q = IFF interrogator transmitter + designates an equipment operating in the modulator. 2.4-meter waveband and the final B stands for N =- Main receiver + coarse presenta Bodenanlage--shote-based equipment. tion. Minor differences between specimens are o .,. Precise ranging unit + presenta� expressed in the actual type numbers. For tion. instance, within the Dete I series, these num P - IFF receiver. bers occur: V _ Transmitting antenna frame.
·Air Scientific Intellia-ence Report No. 26, A.D.I.(Science).
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W = Receiving antenna frame. GU = Kuhlgeriit = Transmitter cooling
R = Power packs. fan. X�Test set. In additionj each unit and subunit has a type Two-letter designations are. assigned to the sub number. These numbers, in general, are not ·units of each major component, but this nomen interchangeable; they may form part of some clature follows a definite system. The first totally different, though related, equipment. letter denotes the major component of which For example, the receiver subunit NA 100 is the subunit forms a part, while the second gives the commonest Freya receiver r-f section and a clue to the function of the subunit. For works in the 125- me band, whereas the NA example: 101 is used in Coastwatcher equipment and operates on about 375 mc. Each equipment, TS = Steuerteil = Transmitter modula however, uses the same i-f section NZ 102. It is tor. therefore important that any component under TN, RN = Netzteil = Local power pack. consideration be specified by its full type desig PE, NE = Empfangsteil = Receiver. nation . OB, NB, PB = Beobachtungsteil = Pres entation unit. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OK = Messkette = Ranging unit. This manual is based on information furnished RH = Hochspannur.esteil = High volt by the Intelligence Branch, Plans and Opera age unit. tions Division, Office of the Chief Signal Officer. RI = Instrumententeil = Control + in PiCtures of the FuG 25A, the FMG 39T (D) strl:lment panel. Wiirzburg, and the Freya transmitter and tone WA, NA = Abstimmungsteil = Tunable generator were furnished by Camp Evans Sig part of antenna or receiver. nal Laboratory. NZ = Zwischenfrequensteil = i-f ampli It is believed that users of this volume will fier and 2d detector. find helpful TM 30-490, German-English Glos TV = Ultrateil = Transmitter r-f stage. sary. Technical Communication Terins, 22
PU = Umschalter = Split switch. December 1943.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
AIRBORNE RADAR Page
FuG 25A (Erstling) Airborne IFF ...... 2
FuG 200 (Hohentwiel) ASV and Navigational Radar ...... 11
FuG 202 (Lichtenstein) Airborne AI Radar ...... 14
FuG 214 (Lichtenstein R) Airborne Rear AI Radar ...... 16
FuG 216 (Neptun Gerät) Airborne Rear AI Radar ...... 19
GROUND RADAR 23
Freya (Limber Type) EW Radar ...... 24
Freya (Pole Type) EW Radar ...... 35
Hoarding (Mammut) Long Range EW Radar ...... 38
Chimney, Cylinder Type (Wasserman) Long Range EW Radar ...... 41
Chimney, Girder Type (Wasserman L) Long Range EW Radar ...... 43
Coastwatcher (Seetakt) Radar, EW Type vs. Ships ...... 45
FMG 39L and 40L (Würzburg) GL Radar (Not Standard) ...... 52
FMG 39T (A) (Würzburg) GL Radar ...... 53
FMG 39T (C) (Würzburg) GL Radar ...... 55
FMG 39T (D) (Würzburg) GL Radar ...... 56
FMG 39T Riese (Giant Würzburg) GCI and GL Radar ...... 66
Glossary ...... 69
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FuG 25A (ERSTLING) AIRBORNE IFF
The on-board radio set Technical Specifications FuG 25a Erstling (German: Receiver: 125 MHz (Freya) "Debut") was an Identification and 550-580 MHz (Würzburg) Friend or Foe (IFF) system Sensitivity: 2 mV installed into Luftwaffe aircraft Transmitter: 156 MHz of World War II starting in 1941 in order to allow German Power: 0.2 Watt radar stations to identify them Activation: Radar pulses at 5000 Hz as friendly. Developed by the Encryption: 2x10 bit GEMA company, it received Range: 40 km (FuG 25) impulses from German Freya or and 270 km (FuG 25a) Würzburg radar stations and FuG 25 FuG 25a replied with a pre-defined Reception signal. Later, the FuG 25a 560 MHz 125 ±8 MHz became a key component of the frequencies Transmission EGON night fighter guidance 156 MHz 156 MHz procedure. frequencies Transmission Operation unknown 400 W (PEP) The "Erstling" IFF transceiver power was activated from ground Current 4 A DC 4 A DC stations by switching the pulse Power 24 V DC 24 V DC repetition frequency from supply 3,750 Hz to 5,000 Hz. The Weight 11 kg 17 kg on-board device replied by sending a pre-programmed Tubes 6xRV12P2000 7xRV12P2000 morse code signal on 156 MHz. 1xLD1 1xRG12D60 The coding unit was a motor- 2xLD1 driven cam switch encrypted 1xLS50 with two ten-bit code keys. Range 72 km Roughly Würzburg stations needed to be (40 miles) 80% of visual equipped with a query range, max. transmitter code-named 270 km (150 Q-Gerät and the "Gemse" miles) identification receiver. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 2
From Luftwaffe document D. (Luft) T. 4010 Bordfunkgerät Fu G 25 A A. Verwendungszweck
Das Bordfunkgerät Fu G 25 A ist ein Kenngerät und arbeitet mit Funkmeßgeräten (Boden) zusammen. Das Gerät arbeitet selbsttätig und ermöglicht den Bodenste11en die Erkennung von eigenen Flugzeugen und deren Unterscheidung mit Hilfe einer ausgestrahlten Kennung.
B. Aufbau
Das Bordfunkgerät Fu G 25 A besteht aus dem Sende-Empfangsgerät SE 25 A und dem Einbausatz.
Der Einbausatz umfaßt folgende Teile:
1. Aufhängerahmen ...... AR 25, zur Aufhängung des Sende-Empfangsgerätes 2. �ediengerät ...... BG 25 3. Antennenanpassungsgerät mit Stabantenne AAG 25 A 4. Verteilerdose ...... VD 25 5. Widerstandskasten ...... WK 25 6. je eine Leitung 202 F bis 209 F
Der Zusammenbau dieser Teile ist aus dem nachstehenden Leitungsplan zu ersehen.
Stabantenne
Aufhänge Antennen Bediengerät Anpassungs· Rahmen Gerät 8G25 AR 25 AAG 25A 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 1111 11 Verteilerdose 1 1 == 201 F �U I 1 11 (E) I I VD 25 ==== 202F ===:::u (S) 21. V- '----- 20BF ---..... I I .....---- 207F ------_--1 I I 209F � 6A I I r------205F -----.O "-o--..� I r----- 206 F I •
���Widerstands- I I Kasten I I WK 25 I I
Abb. 1. Leitungsplan des Fu G 25 A 3 ...
Figw"e 1. FuG �5A ail"bonle IFF. '"
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Figure f. ,FuG 25A transmitt61"-Tl'ceive)" (end view). 0-
120 Ai.!Dln �
Figlt)'e 8. FuG 25A t,.anS1nitte'·-Teceiver (top view),
8
e TRANSM ITT"oF' LINES ""
Figure 6. FuG 25.4. fI"allsmitter-receiver (end view). KEY
o
CODING UNIT-SHOWING CAM SWI._ ..__ --:;-...... -.
Fig1tr� 7. Coding tmit, showing eMil ,witches. Figure 8. FlI.G .2SA a.irborne IFF. 20 Apr 45 RESTRICTED
FuG 200 (HOHENTWIEL) ASV AND NAVIGATIONAL RADAr,
FuG 200 (Hohentwiel) is a search and warn bombing at night, it is said >;hat best results ing equipment and is used for the detection ean be obtained by the comhiued use of Hohent of surface vessels and as a navigational aid. wieJ, X-Gerat Clock, and A.ltimeter FuG 101, Manufactured by Lorenz, the FuG 200 con FuG lOlA, or FuG 103. sists of a two-tube high-power transmitter, a The indicator of a captuJ ,;,;0) Hohentwiel had superheterodyne receiver, and a CRT inaicator. the following markings: The transmitting antenna consists of eight Sichtgeriit S.C. 200 end-fed, half-wave horizontal dipoles arranged Ln, 28893-2 in colinear pairs mounted on brackets in front 124-1575-C-l of the fuselage and facing forward in the line NR,2034 of flight. The receiver has no r-f amplification; The characteristics of FuG 200 are as it is connected, by means of a motor-driven follows: switch, alternately to two antennas fitted on RANGE (miles) : Approximately 60. the starboard and port sides of the fuselage FREQUENCY RANGE (me): 570; possible at angles of 300 to the line of flight. band 550 to 570, Below the observer on the right is a switch PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : box fitted with four knobs. The top two-way 600, switch turns the equipment on and off. The ANTENNA: III three sections, one for trans bottom knob remotely controls the gain in the mitting and two for receiving. Each section receiver. The right-hand lever is self-centering consists of eight dipoles and eight reflectors. and makes a slight adjustment in the frequency. Transmitting antenna. is on nose of aircraft, The left-hand switch is used when Hohentwiel flanked on each side by receiving arra)'s that is at'2,000 meters· or higher. point 30° to left and right of !infO of flight. The range scale etched on the glass of the TYP,F, OF PRESENTATION: Display unit in CRT screen coincides with the vertical time front of the observel' contains CRT with ver base and is calibrated from zero to 150 km at tical timebase, t.hat is, a screen of perspex 10-km intervals, the distance between the sheet metai with 15 parallel horizontal lines 10-km marks beirtg progressively smaller as reading 0 to 150 km (from bottom to top). extreme range is reached. Because of ground Of the four knobs on front panel, the top returns, satisfactory readings cannot be ob . left controls the zero point; the top right, tained at less than three krn. To offset this, the focus of the trace; the bottom left changes some of the FuG 200's have been fitted with the range from 0 to 150 km for search and a switch by which the scale can be magnified navigational aid to the 0 to 1p-km range for so that close ranges can be read off to the approach and attack; the bottom right gov nearest 50 meters. Receiver and transmitter erns the brightness of the trace. are probably not accessible during flight since POWER SOURCE: Motor generator, 500 volts a remote control box is provided. a-c, suplying power packs in each unit. FuG 200 is used in a 'Ju 88, Ju 188, Ju 290, SIMILAR SETS: Rostock Gerat, an early type Heinkel III, FW 200, and Do 217. Late informa of search equipment which has been scrapped tion includes details of a radar of this type and is now superseded by the FuG 200. which was fitted on a submarine. For blind POWER INPUT REQUIRED: Not known,
• One meter = 3.28 feet.
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POWER OUTPUT : Not known. PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS TUBES (type and number) : Transmitter: two DIMENSIONS WEIGHT RD 12 TF, plate-modulated, push-pull with Height Width Depth. (lb.) (ill.) (itt.) (in.) Lorenz tubes RS 323 as alternative. Receiver : Transmitter and one LG 7 as mixer, one LD 1 as local oRciJ modulator lOIh 32 i;'l.tol'. four LV 1 as i-f's, two LG 1 as de Indicator unit 8* 13% tcctor�, and two LV 1 as videos. Control box 4 \4
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.eA·· .�. • •
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Figure 9, FuG toO (Hohentwiel). - .
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, FuG 202 (LICHTENSTEIN) AIRBORNE AI RADAR
FuG 202, manufactured by Telefunken, is The very narrow beam of the Lichtenstein the standard, forward-looking air intercept is to a great extent offset by high sensitivity equipment mounted in twin-engined night to small changes in bearing of the target air fighters : J u 88, Me 110, and Do 217. It is craft. It has excellent D/F accuracy. accessible to the wireless operator during flight The characteristics of the FuG 202 are as and consists of a transmitter-receiver mounted follows : on the starboa:rd side of the cockpit at the left RANGE :.' Limited by the low-power output of the operator, an indicator unit on the port to a theoretical range of 5 miles and a prac side adjacent to the operator's seat, antenna tical range of 2 miles .. system on the detachable nose of the aircraft. FREQUENCY RANGE (me) : Transmitter, and power supply unit on a separate frame at 410 to 540; receiver, 479 to 499 ; spot, 490. tached to the port side aft of the bomb doors. PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : Unit construction is used throughout. The six 2,700. demountable units mounted on the main panel PULSE LENGTH : 1 microsecond. are the transmitter, modulator, receiver r-f ANTENNA: Yagi; common T&R in four sec , unit, receiver broad-band amplifier, receiver tions of foul' half-wave dipoles with parasitic quench generator, and circular ti�ebase and reflectors. Vertical polarization. Antenna brightening unit. beam width for half-lobe amplitude 35('1 The transmitter is triggered by the modu horizontal, 30° vertical. Antenna gain 13 to lator which starts with the master oscillator 14 db (estimated). followed by a cut-off-biased tube with tuned TYPE OF PRESENTATION: Three CRT's : transformer in plate. Sharp peaks from this two for azimuth and elevation, using lineal' transformer kick the grid of the third tube; timebase; one for range, using circular time the next kick occurs several cycles later, thus base. Elevation tube can show an object dividing the oscillator frequency by some pre 20° above and 30° below line of flight ; azi determined figure, usually one-in-seven, though muth tube covers 20° to right 01' left. Trace it can be one-in-eleven. After several shaping brightening is applied to all tubes to prevent stages, this pu1se is converted to a one-in-five multiple traces. pulse of 1,500 volts and 0.9 ampere applied to POWER SOURCE : Motor generator U-lOs ; the plates of the transmitter tubes, two RS CRT power supply unit operates from a-c 394 30-watt triodes. output of motor generator ; filter unit for ' The receiver is superregenerative and con smoothing d-c output of motor generator. sists of r-f unit, quench generator, and wide POWER INPUT REQUIRED : Approximately band amplifier with automatic gain stabiliza 16 amp at 28 volts. tion circuit. Voltage gain from antenna input POWER OUTPUT (watts) : 450 (peak). to detector output is approximately 160 under TYPE MODULATION : Pulse with triggering. average operating conditions. The receiver can TUBES (type and number) :( Total of 29 tubes be tuned in flight. of the following types : twelve RV 12 P 2000, The indicator unit contains three CRT's, two two RS 394, seven LV 1, five LD 2, two LG 1, for D/F (azimuth and elevation) and the third one LD 1 (information from circuit dia for range. All timebases are derived from sine gram). waves. Range is circular (with radial deflec TOTAL WEIGHT (including cables and anten tion) derived from phase-split sine wave. nas) : 110 lbs.
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Figure 10. FuG !Of! (Lichtenstein). TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED 20 ApI 45
FuG 214 (LICHTENSTEIN R) AIRBORNE REAR AI RADAR
FuC, 214. manufactured iJy Telefunkt:!lI, is the I'ULSg RECURRENCE FR8QLEN( Y «'1"): lin.:t lail.warning appanttu!'i introduced into 2,'lvO. the German Air Force and is u-;ed on multi PUL E LENGTH : 1 microsecunli t'llgined bombel'!;i. ANTENNA : Two ident,lI.:al Yagl �l'ray� This i'iel iR a greatly simplified version of 8.11 oeamed to rear, made Up of quarter-wave (�xistiilg type (FuG 202) t.o meet the need for elements, under starboard wiltg for transmit a bach ward-looking Ai equipment. It utilizes ting and unQer port wing for receiving. many parts of the cmiier lype bllt uses only Beam width for half field strength is 350 to ulle CRT instead of the three fitted in FuG each side oi line oi flight, 550 down, and 202. It h 16 RESTRICTED ., rl � � '" ,. �; INEW TRANSMITTER NEW RECEIVER ., '" m ;;0 In m -I VI ;;c ;;d n:::i mn -I o m o NEW COMPONEHT lAY-OUT l i N CIRCULAR TIME9ASE !GENERATOR AND BRIGHTENING UNITI --< ;::: m i.. '" FiflUl"e 11. FIfG 21" (Liclll"IIBI"i" 1:) "",i.. Mud:. 18 TM E 11-219, RESTRICTED .::0 Apr 45 NEW TYPE. PRESSED CHASSIS. I���RI:ZEO ON �TH SI.Q..ES______DESIGNED TO FIT ON EXISTING BASE WITHOUT ALTERATION TO PLUGS,ETC. 1 Figure If. FuG 114 indicator w1it showing new and old type receiver8. RESTRICTED 20 Apr 1'...) RESTRICTEI) .. ':uG 216 (NEPTUN GERATI AIRBORNE REAR AI RADAR ------_ .. ruG 2lb oNa� ':1�s!glLt'(1 a:-. it. i,;<�ckv.:ard-.iuc!" '[hI;. ctlanU'teri�tics of tl'� !�·:":i 216 a .. e :is in� earl:,--.warni11g eqtl,p:,�.,..nf it I:' nol a Clodl Inll�lws: Ilcf'�ion of an earlier i!'}\t, fhi:< tai�,-\'.ra:·;")�;W RANGE: (mJlt'l'Ij: 5 gr;.'R.!:cT tilan t!1at of devk't' I:; used m rrulti· ·ngint-'j b:J:'lbe:r:o: II' FuC 214 or .FuG �02 nort!1w(',''$terlJ th.. �vIcC:ltf'rL guro!jc f,l.d ,\;l'-!ar; FREQUENCY RANGE In'":1 .lto to 182; it' h.::' teet' 88 re-�()\-'€le-d froltt Ju ,mf! .hl l&�, spot, 166 T'uning' range of reeeiver is about It Ork,·t1t�·� .. H �2.t[:r!.':1t. �(,ri Ly aUY heig-lll, between 200 mc. sf'n,"Iirjdh' .,;:;) lY!;('rOl"t)1ts. bandwidth • 300 uwl ?C,O�;' · ..·-:t ItnJ ..rives c1eatt::r indica 1.5 me, tion::- ilt �i�)-. i',:� ::':J�h-s than any pr�vious type. PULSE REGI fltlU;�I· ,: ?f: j"'�"ENCY (cps) , It cal: ;d�L.l:i'::. !II' Allied aircraft at long range 1,500 (v�Il·]abtf" I by rPee.' :n� .*", IFF' reraaiaticn, PULSE LE:NGTl-l. �'-Int iUtll\-\(I. The tr::'.I'S11l1ttmg all" rP.t'f'I\'lng antennas, on ANTENNA: Two identical �u�rter-wave Yagis !'\tarbual' ilnd parr. -'Ing" "f'''Ipf'('ti\p.ly, are 13 beamed t!> rear; one u!'uier each win)!. feet, fi inches from lng tiP and 23 feet from Antenna gain is estimated to be about 5 dl., center of fuselage. fhe rt'..8.r angle of search Beam width for half field strength is 600 to ,is 300 tn port, starboard and a'h4'lVe, but 60" each side of lint> of flight, 60° down and downward. It has dso 'a cone of l-learrh of 30° up. about 300 to front rnaiie possible by the ar N rangement of renf:Ctfh antennas. J.! has littlt' TYPE OF PRESENTATIO , A simplified presentativll !\creen. s�micircular, 3 inches flexibility, all contr(·i.s -except' P}{F on modu- Jato!' unit being preset. ill diameter numbered and green in color; the number on which the pip appears repre Mountings for the transmitt.er and power 'the distance between the two planes. units, together with.the relay and diRtribution Rents Presentation unit, beneath and slightly be box, are on a metal panel on the port side of hind pilot' .., instrument panel, is easily visible the fuselage, aft. of the bomb bay, . Transmittel' to both pilot and observer and in this position and modulatOl are in one very compact unit. providf:::: maximum distance between trans The control circuit has one RV 12 P 2000 tube mittt:1' :'Inri receivei-, functioning a� it' squaring tube for the sine Motor generator wave output of the RV 12 P 2000. 'From its POWER �Ol"RCE : U-IOs plate to ground. there is a pulse transformer awl ailt"ntfl d-c power suppb·, acrosg the primary of which a diode, RG 12 1) ;!;lMlLAH SETS : FuG 202F'uG 214. 60, is connected. The secondary is connected TO REPl.ACE IN PART. FttG 214. Although dir�Uy to the grids of six LD 2 tubes in .l-'U(; 214 is said to t,t' {)h�nlescent, it is be parallel; it carries a biasing voltage stabilized' !tevt:!d that both Fill; '214 H nd FuG 216 are by !l stabilovolt. ..;till heing used. The receiver, a 12-tube superheterodyne, i'()W�R INPUT HEQUlltED: Not known. hangs nn a mounting frame fitted to the back POWER OUTPUT: NOl b.nowl!. of th.,.. operator's seat. It has four r-f stageg, TUBES (type and number): Transmitter, not usmg RV 12 P.2000 tubes. The detector is an known, Receiver: twelve: five RV 12 P 12 D2, double diode giving full-wave de RC a 2000, five LV 1, one HG 12 D2, afld one of tection. All the tu.ned stages have variable type not known (from circuit diagram), tuning by means of trimmers. RESTRICTED 19 20 TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED 20 Apr 45 PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS DIMENSIONS WEIGHT (lb.) Height (in.) Width (ill.) f)1" th (in.) < Transmitter 10 6% 10 Receiver 91/2 9 10 Indicator 71/, 6 (approx.) Junction box. 81/, Indicator mounting frame 8 Transmitter mounting frame 101J� i{t'ci;>i\'t'r mounting frame 9Ci/H ; RESTRICTED 21 F1°{lUrc 18. Receiver (8 216) FuG f!lG (Ncptltn Gcnlt). 22 7M E 11-21': RESTRiCTED , Figunl H. FuG £16 Indicator (SG£16). RESTRICTED 20 Apr 45 RESTRICTED TM E 11-219 GROUND RADAR German ground radar sets can b( classified Wiirzburg, believed to have been relegated to into four main categories ; coast-watching duties with the German Navy. (1) German Air Force early-warning sets (3) Giant Wil1'zburgs, sets primarily used operating at 120 to 130 me (nominal wave for interception control and also now used for length 21/2 meters) including; Freyas (Pole general purposes, including sea watching and and Limber types), general purpose, transport Flak control. able sets; and Hoardings (Mamrnut) and Chim (4) Coa,stwatchers (Seetakt), German Navy neys (Wassermann). fixed-station, long-range sea-watching sets operating on 370 to 390 me warning sets. (nominal wavelength 80 cm) ; these are naval (2) Wlirzburgs, sets designed for Flak con sets on the same mountings as Freyas. trol and operating on 550-590 me (nominal Some of these frequency bands have been modi wavelength 53 em). As successive improve fied, Freyas, for example, are known to operate ments have been made on this set, previous between 90 to 190 mc, and the Wi.irzburgs models have been released for height-finding between 500 and 600 me. with the Aircraft Reporting Service. etc. The Note. Measurements on the foJlowing illustrations Lorenz set is a nonstandard variant of the are shown in meters. 1 meter::::; 3.28 feet. RESTRICTED 2) TM E 11-219 RESl'RICTED 20 Ap' 45 FREYA (LIMBER TYPE) EW RADAR The Freyas (Pole type and Limber type) arc the thickne!'s of the tranf;mitting antenna heavy, general purpose, transportable ground frame. The transmitter cooling fan is mounted radar ;.;ets, differing primarily in their mount nearby. ing-. Manufactured by Cerna, the equipment is The heart of the Freya, according to f;ome used to provide early warning of approaching German reports, is the maf;ter oscillator or aircraft in the form of range and azimuth at "Summer." This is a very stable triode-con range� up to ]00 miles and also to detect ship nected pentode audio oscillator. It has several pinS! up to small ranges. Azim.uth of a target output sections, one of which feeds through i:-;determined b�' rotation of the operating cabin it phage�shifter to the transmitter modulator, 24 RESTRICTED 25 20 Apr 45 RESTRICTED TM E 11-219 OB). All the cathode-ray tubes are of fne DATA OBTAINED: Range and azimuth (plus double-beam type, the second trace being u15ed altitude with some models). for display of the IFF signals. This equipment ACCURACY : Good. Reported to be probably was introduced into service in 1939. 110 yards in range, betrer than 1 ° in azimuth, The characteristics of the Limber tYtle Freya 0.2° in relative azimuth. are as follows : RANGE (miles) : From 80 to 150, depending POWER SOURCE : Power lines or stand-by upon height of aircraft. 380-voit three-phase a-c motor-generator FREQUENCY RANGE (mc): Normally ]20 trailer. Radar equipment operates on 220 volts single-phase ac; 400 volts de required to 150 me. Band now extended from 90 tt) for motor and field windings. 190 me, signals being heard from 90 to 110 me and from 175 to 190 me. IFF receiver SIMILAR SETS: There are Sieveral known frequency, about 155 me. types 'of Freya: the original Limber type PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : (FMG 89G and FMG 40G, also known OR 500 ; 1,000 (older models). Dele-Gerat I (DT I) and Dete-Gerat II (DT PULSE LENGTH : 2 to 3 microseconds. II), respectively) ; the demountable Pole type ANTENNA : Vertical stack of two rectangular (LZ, known also as Pole Freya) ; the Freya frames of wire netting each having six full AN (Freya with AN unit for GCI) ; and thf;' wave vertical dipoles, the bottom frame for Coastwatcher (Seetakt) which is a naval transmitting and the upper for receiving. A installation. third array with half-wave dipoles is mounted POWER OUTPUT: 15 to 20 kw (peak). at the top if the set is not in the IFF band. Effective beam width of transmitting and TUBES (type" and number) : Transmitter receiving array : about 20°. (T 106) : two RS 391 pentodes, two TS 41 TYPE OF PRESENTATION: Two units hav triodes, and one STY 280/40. Receiver ing 10-cm double-beam CRT's (AEG Type (NE 103) : 1'-f unit (NA 100) uses two acorn HR2/100/l.5A) with straight traces viewed pentodes Philips type 4672 for amplifier and through magnifying lenses. Main unit has mixer, triode RL 12 T 1 as local oscillator; two tubes with slow and fast timebases for i-f unit (NZ 102) uses eight pentodes AF 100 general observation and approximate rang��. anrl power pentode RL 12 P 10 for vidlto Second unit has Ollt! high-speed trace fol' amplifier. precision ranging. 1'OTAL WEIGHT OF FREYA: 6.82 tOilS. RESTRICTm 26 TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED 20 Apr 45 . I , Figure 15. Interior 0/ F,"eya (Limber) cabin. , RESTRICTED 27 20 Apr <5 RESTRICTED TM E Jj-2. I FF-----Jo':N:-- --t� IHC EIVING r7�::tS<- TRANSM ITTER TL47739· 1 28 , FiUtt1"e 17. Freyn tmnsmitte)' (T 106). 29 i CD Top view. ® BoUum view. Fiuul"u 10. Froya tran8mitter T-/ Ullit (GTU 1/)1) . )0 , FiYIII'c HI. f'n:yu. tru1Ismitter jilulIlctl.t /I'UlIsjor'lllCI" Itnit (TN lUIJ)-l'eal" vielw. FiUUJ'(' 20. Freya main "cecivcr ami 7lrcscntutiun Iwit (N 105). 32 Figure 21. F1"cya receiver ,-./ 1mit (NA 100). � I Figure 22. F,'cya ?"f;lccivel' i-I lmit (type NZ 10ft). 33 ) �---fINE RANGE PRESENTATION UNIT lOB) RANGE MEASURING OELAY UNIT --___ tMESSKETTE) 10K) Pigure 113. Freya fine ,-allgillg and pre8entation unit «(1111). 34 RATE S�LECTOR _ _�_ Figu.re f�. F'TI'.y" m(lRtrr fntlf! gel1(,l"nfm' (Zf\ tOO)-cov(')' removed. 20 Apr 45· RESTRICTED TM E 11-219 FREY A (POLE TYPE) EW RADAR The Pole type Freya is a newer design than plus or minus 5 me (approximately). IFF the Limber type. Its functions, performance, interrogator frequency (when Freya frequency and radio characteristics are much the same, differs from 125 me) is 125 me, 500 pulses but its form and mechanical design are entirely per second, with peak power approximately new. The most obvious difference is in its 0.5 to 1.0 kw. The IFF presentation consists mechanical mounting; it is assembled from a of parallel traces on tubes in presentation units. larger number of smaller components to render Characteristics of the Pole type Freya are it suitable for air transport (it is known that similar to those for the Limber type, with the fiveJu 52's are required to transport a complete following differences : station). It is not fitted with limbers for use RANGE (miles) : About 120. as a mobile set, but may be transported in three ANTENNA: Antennas mounted on heavy pol� big trucks. instead of the framework used with the This Freya usually has IFF antennas and Limber type. IFF array consists of full gives azimuth readings that are accurate to a wave dipoles. fraction of a degree. Beam width of the trans TYPE OF PRESENTATION : Three units all mitter is 40° and of the receiver. 4Ro, from with lO-cm double-beam CRT's. zero to zero. IFF receiver frequency is 155 TOTAL WEIGHT: 5 tons. RESTRICTED 15 36 m��W-IFF M RECEIVING. 7.5 TR�'NSMITTING 2.5Mr--- mttiiitHm J __ �_$�* TL47740 Fioure Pole Freya. 25. ( 37 1 Main presentation tube. 30 Instrument panel: 2 Fast (Strobe) tube. Supply volts. :3 Rough range indicatol'. T. anode current. 4 Focus. T. bias volts. 5 Brilliance. T. anode volts. 6 Strobe position. Receiver H-T volts. 7 Receiver luning r-f. T or Q radiation meter. 8 Receiver tuning local oscillator. 31 Switch panel II (heaters and fans). 9 Receiver tuning mixer. 32 Switch panel 1. 10 Receiver gain control .. a3 A.C. voltmeter 213-227 Volts. 11 Precision mains voltmeter. 34 Fine voltage adjuster. 12 Transmitter phase control-fine. ;15 Supply voltmeter 0-260 Volts. 13 Transmitter phase controi---co8rse. 36 Voltmeter switch. 14 Fine range presentation tube. 37 Main on/off switch. 15 Foclls. 38 Cut-out for door contact. 16 Brilliance. 39 Voltage regulator. 17 Zero-setting key. 40 Cabin lighting and heating switches. HI Fine range indicating dial� and window. 41 Frequency meter tuning. 19 Coarse range adjustment. 42 Frequency meter indicator. 20 Fine range adjustment. 43 Frequency meter sensitivity. 21 Presentation tubes. 44 Slip rings. 22 Strobe control. 45 Turning .gear. 23 Focus. N Main presentation unit. 24 Brilliance. Z Master tone generator. 25 Changeover, "recognition-location." o Fine range unit. 26 IFF receiver gain (inner) recognition- P Presentation unit. location (outer). Q IFF interrogator. 27 IFF receiver tuning. R Power supply. 28 HT on/off switch. T (Not shown) Transmitter unit, pla�e � 2� Transmitter HT regulator. behind pole. Pigw"e 26. Controls of Pole type F,·eya. . TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED HOARDING (MAMMUT) EW RADAR Employed for long-range early-warning of ably used for a running block and tackle to hoist enemy aircraft on coastal areas in northwestern the antenna arrays into position. Europe, the Hoarding or Mammut radar was Characteristics of the Hoarding are as fol . manufactured by Gema (1942). This equipment lows: is contained in a concrete building, completely RANGE (miles) : 180 (20,OOO-foot target); or partly buried, surmounted by four upright 125 (3,OOO-foot target). girders with cross girders carrying the antenna FREQUENCY RANGE (me): 116 to 146. arrays. Scanning is electrical by phase control, PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : covering a sector about 1200 wIde, front or Believed to be 490 to 510. back, with gaps at the side. Beam width is ap PULSE LENGTH : 2 to 3.5 microseconds. proximately 100 from zero to zero. It is ANTENNA : Fixed broadside array, vertically equipped with IFF. polarized, about 100 feet by 36 feet. Full This is believed to be a.n experimental model wave vertical dipoles. Array can be single used in limited areas and never put into pro faced or both forward· and backward·look duction. ing. Possibly common T&R. Arrays are like A similar equipment, known as "Small Freya except larger. Hoarding," makes use of three concrete build TYPE OF PRESENTATION: Similar to ings in line for foundations, with the two out Freya. side chambers somewhat larger than the middle DATA OBTAINED : Range and azimuth. one. It is believed that it may be used for coast POWER SOURCE: Power lines ; stand-by watching, since the sites where it has been motor generator sets. noted are closely associated with coast·watching SIMILAR SETS : Freya ; Chimney (Wasser- duties. Three vertical girders spring from the mann). buildings and carry crossmembers supporting POWER OUTPUT : 20 kw (peak). the reflector frames. At the top of the uprights TUBES : Similar to Freya. there is a curved horizontal rail that is prob- TOTAL WEIGHT: No information. 38 RESTRICTED 39 2: L-______N ______ 2: L..______-N ______<0 -- 40 ! TL47142 Figul'e 28. Small HflllI'(fing. 20 Ap' 45 RESTRICTED TM E 11-219 CHIMNEY (CYLINDER TYPE) (WASSERMANN) LONG-RANGE EW RADAR The Chimney or Wassermann equipments, of Manufactured by Gema, tlie cylinder-type which at least two versions are in operational Chimney was introduced into service in 1942; use (the cylinder type and the girder type), approximately 25 were in service' by the end are used for long-range aircra:ft reporting, of 1943. measuring range and azimuth, occasionalli for Characteristics of the cylinder-type Chimney long-range interception, and possibly for long 'are as follows: range height-finding. The original model was RANGE (miles): 180. erected in Norway to intercept courier planes FREQUENCY RANGE (mc): 116 to· 146;· (at long ranges) operating between Stockholm 120 to 150 also reported. and London. PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : The cylinder type, most commonly used in 490 to 510. northern Europe, is a permanent structure. PULSE LENGTH: 2.5 microseconds. The antenna array is hung on a rotatable hollow steel tower mounted on a partly ,buried concrete ANTENNA: Broadside array 98 feet high and building. The cylinder is -topped by a crane arm 44 to 62 feet wide, supported on tubular mast with block and tackle for hoisting the antenna 131 feet high and 8 inches in diameter. Array array into position. IFF, with which the cylin consists of vertically polarized full-wave der type is sometimes, equipped, is an additional dipoles backed by netting reflector. Common 23-foot extension to the top of the array. T&R. Scanning with the large Chimney is done POWER SOURCE: Power lines, also stand-by . by mechanical rotation (horizontal) and pos (portable) gas engine motor-generator sets. sible phase control (vertical). Beam width is SIMILAR SETS: Freyas and girder-type Was- estimated at 20° and 14°, zero to zero, with sermann. common T&R and no "split." POWER OUTPUT: 20 kw (peak). RESTRICTED 41 42 Figure !lO. CJ/linder Chimney. � TL47744 20 Apr -45 RESTRICTED TM E 11-2 19 CHIMNEY (GIRDER TYPE) (WASSERMANN L) LONG-RANGE EW RADAR The small, girder-type Chimney or Wasser 2�0 to provide high cover. There is no inter mann L was commonly used in the Mediter mediate position. Beam width is 400 from zero ranean area for long-range aircraft reporting. to zero. Most of the Wassermann sets of the The main structure is a triangular section girder type that have been found have been girder-work mast of light alloy, rising out of a sited at altitudes of 200 feet. short steel column the lower end of which rests Manufactured by Gema, the Wassermann L in a socket on the ground. It is kept upright by was introduced into service in 1942; by the several steel guy wires secured to the top. The end of 1943, there were an estimated 20 in cabin is built around the steel column and 3ervice. hOllses the radar equipment, turning gear, and The characteristics of the girder-type Chim operators. ney are as follows : A variation of this equipment, seen on a RANGE (miles) : 186 (maximum) ; 65 (20,000- very few occasions in the Mediterranean area, foot target). is the so-called "box" type, distinguished by FREQUENCY RANGE (me) : 120 to 150. a square-section box girder supporting the PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : aerial array. This girder is 16 feet square and 500. nearly 120 feet high ; about half-way up the PULSE LENGTH : 2 to 3 microseconds. ...\ ·ith sides girder is mounted a cubical cabin ANTENNA : Broadside rotating array, verti about 12 feet long. The girder is mounted on cally polarized, 98 feet high and 20 feet wide, a short stub on which it rotates ; at the upper divided into two stacks of four sections, each end of the girder, four corner pieces are having three rows of three full-wave dipoles. brought together to form a cone 26 feet high, Array is supported on rotating triangular which there is a 16-foot mast. Guys keep above trellis mast built from light steel girders. the equipment upright. It is similar to that of cylinder-type Chimney. No details of the performance of the Was POWER SOURCE : Power Jines or stand-by sermann L sets found in the Mediterranean motor-generator sets. area are available, but it is known to be superior to Freya performance at long range. The accu SIMILAR SETS : Other Wassermanns. racy of azimuth determination is not known. POWER OUTPUT : 20 kw (peak). Scanning is by eleCtrical rotation, with alterna TRANSPORTATION : Although this is not a tive hand drive for the horizontal plane. Low fixed installation, there is only vague infor cover, high-cover change-over is accomplished mation on how it is moved. Probably it is by a motor-driven phasing unit which changes broken into sections and moved by truck. the beam elevation from horizontal to plus DA.TA OBTAINED: Range and azimuth. RESTRICTED 43 � , I I I I 30 OM TL47743 Fig!tre 30. Girder Chimney. RESTRICTED TM E 11-2 19 COASTWATCHER ISEETAKT) RADAR lEW TYPE VS. SHIPS) The Coastwatcher, or Seetakt. as its name stages, is especially worthy of notice, but the implies, is a Naval set used for ship detection, form of the output pulse of this modulation is although it can be used also for coastal gun not ideal, and the r-f pulse controlled by it is laying. There is also evidence that Seetakt sta only 15 kw. tions are being used to supplement the aircraft The only tuning adjustment in the entire reporting chain. A fixed-station set, its mount transmitter is that of the tuning loop in the ing is normally similar to the Limber-type oscillator chassis, and this appears to be merely Freya ; like the Freya, the entire set is rotated to keep it to the preset frequency after a change in azimuth in searching for targets. of tubes. The Seetakt has an effective beamwidth of Although there are many points of similarity 10°, It is normally sited on high ground in a between this and the Freya transmitter, espe circular emplacement with a square extension cially as regards the modulator and the Netzteil on the landward side. Its performance against units, there is no interchangeability of parts shipping depends to a great extent on the eleva between the two equipments. t.ion of the site and on the size of the surface The Seetakt receiver is similar to the Freya nssel, large vessels being detected at 32 miles receiver. In the Seetakt receiver, the signal from an elevation of 500 feet and small vessels frequency of 375 mc is converted to 15 mc at 19 miles from the same site. Its performance without prior amplification, but the subsequent against low-flying aircraft should be almost stages are exactly similar to those of the Freya equivalent to that of the Giant Wiirzburg. For receiver. The entire output is plugged into the aircraft tracking between 1,000 and 10,000 display unit housing, connections being made feet, performance is similar to that of a Freya ; automatically between fixed sockets on the at 20,000 feet, there would be a weakness in latter and plugs at the rear oL the receiver. cover due to limitation of its radiation to low A variant of the Seetakt is the so-called angles of elevation. "large" Coastwatcher, which consists of a The Seetakt transmitter, in weatherproof rotating cabin surmounted by a tail square case, is mounted adjacent to the antenna that girder structure to which the aerial frames it serves. It is in two sections, one above the are attached. The aerial system may look other, and is fed from the main power pack something like that indicated in the pictorial of the station. A closed-circuit air cooler (Kuhl view. gerat) is mounted on top of the case. The Manufactured by Gema, the Seetakt was oscillator unit TU 106 is in the upper portion introduced into service in 1939. of the case ; the lower compartment contains The characteristics of the Coastwatcher are the modulator unit TS 103, the filament trans as follows : former unit TN 103 (Netzteil), both removable, RANGE (miles) : 3D, against ships, depending the filament rheostat 182, and the EHT bleeder upon elevation of set. chain 176-181. FREQUENCY RANGE (me): 350 to 390 The transmitter is remarkable because of its (a spot frequency 375). simplicity of operation and absence of adjust PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : ments, but the output is very low compared 500. with American and British standards. The PULSE LENGTH : 2 to 3 microsecor:ds. modulator, producing the final modulating ANTENNA : One Freya frame supports trans pulse from the master sine wave in only two mitting Jlnd receiving arrays, each of which RESTRICTED 45 �6 TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED 20 Apr 45 consists of a horizontal bank of 16 full-wave vation tube and high-speed trace tube for vertical dipoles backed by wire-netting re precision ranging. Precision measurement flector and rotatable about a vertical axis. is by calibrated phase-shifter working on the Vertical polarization. A larger array is used sinusoidal deflector voltage ofthe high-speed in some installations. trace. POWER SOURCE: Power lines, also stand-by DATA OBTAINED: Range and azimuth. motoT-generator sets. ACCURACY: Of range, better than 1 mile; of SIMILAR SETS: Freya (Limber type) ; large azimuth, 0.2°, Coastwatcher. TUBES (type and number) : Transmitter, two POWER OUTPUT : 15 kw. LS 50 oscillator tubes. TYPE OF PRESENTATION: General obser- TOTAL WEIGHT: 6.87 tons. RESTRICTED <7 2.47M l1r�F*"�iU;:1--TRANSMITTING 7. M ______..!IiE;� TL47745 49 , . Figure 33. Coa8twatcher �·ccciver. 50 Figure 31,. CQlf/stwatcher. 51 IO.4 M T�47749 Figure 35. LUI'Us Coaatwatcher. TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED 20 Ap' 45 FMG 39L AND 40L (WORZBURG) GL RADAR (NOT STANDARD) ThiR equipment was designed by Lorenz, but The equipment is manned by three operators not standardized, as an early Flak, gun-laying accommodated inside the cabin. set. A few are i.n use on coastal sites for air The characteristics of the Lorenz Wiirzburg craft reporting, a few were given to the Navy are as follows: for coast-watching duties, and about 10 were RANGE (miles) : 16 to 22. sold to the Italians. FREQUENCY RANGE (me) : 560 to 580. These types, FMG 39L and 40L, have been PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : described as consisting of two -bowls, one for 5,000; reduced to 3,000 on later models. reception and one for transmission, mounted PULSE LENGTH : 2 microseconds. on a movable arm on top of a cabin containing ANTENNA : Two 10-foot parabolic mirrors of the rest of the equipment. The lower bowl is wire mesh, one for transmitting and the other the receiver. Display comprises one CRT with (the upper one) for receiving; focal length two circular traces, one for b�aring and the 29.5 inches. Horizontal polarization. other for elevation. In operation, the bowls are POWER SOURCE : Gasoline-engine driven moved until maximum pip is obtained on each motor-generator sets 01' power lines. trace ; readings of elevation and bearings are SIMILAR SETS: Wiirzbul'gs manufactured by indicated mechanically in accordance with the Telefunken about the same time. position of the bowls. The pips appear on the TRANSPORTATION : Mounted on four-wheel periphery of the traces immediately opposite trailer with fixed cabin. each other. As the range of the objective in TYPE OF PRESENTATION : Two concentric creases, the pips move in unison in a clockwise circular timebases on tube, the outer indicat direction around the tube. ing azimuth and the inner indicating ele To obtain range, a plotting cursor from the vation. center of the tube is laid over the center of DATA OBTAINED : Elevation and azimuth the pips, and is extended to a celluloid scale ' (range is scaled). calibrated in km fitted around the outRide of ACCURACY : Of range, 55 yd ; of azimuth, 1 0; the tube. of elevation, 6°. 52 RESTRICTED 20 Apr 45 RESTRICTED TM E 11-2 19 FMG 39T (A) (WORZBURG) GL RADAR FMG 39T (A) , (C), and (D) are small extremely simple and robust; construction and (Bowl Fire) types of Wiirzburg. All can per workmanship are good. In general, ease of form all duties involving measurement of small operation has been sacrificed for simplicity, ranges, such as the detection of nearby aircraft since the paraboloid has to be tilted by hand. and shipping, the control of Flak, and, in some The hut (or "cupboard") and reflector can instances, the control of searchlights. be rotated horizontally through 3600 and the FMG 39T (.A) is the basic Wiirzburg design, antenna and reflector can be tilted in a vertical manufactured by Telefunken ana introduced plane from 15° below to about 750 above the into the service in 1940. This type is used in horizontal. It has a narrow circular field of coastal and inland sites in northwest Europe view, about 14°, and has to be forewarned of and the Mediterranean area, principally for the approach and approximate position of the gun-laying; it can also be used for short-range target. This may be done by a controller or by early warning of aircraft and for height-finding a neighboring Freya. After receiving the warn in aircraft reporting. Wiirzburgs and Freyas ing, the Wiirzburg is turned in the direction of are frequently. sited in the same neighborhood, the target, which it may perceive at a distance the Freya to give early, long-range warning of of from 25 to 30 miles. the approach of aircraft and the Wiirzburg to All types of Wiirzburg can measure height obtain height measurements and to follow at by calculating the range of the target and. the close range. angle of elevation of the reflector required to This type has no lobe switching; it uses produce the maximum response at the receiver. only one CRT, azimuth and elevation being Ranges are accurate to less than 1 mile and determined by maximum pip amplitude. The elevation to less than 10. Aircraft can be de transmitting tube is a triode with approxi tected at all but very low altitudes. mately 8-kw peak power. The i-f amplifier The characteristics of the FMG 39T (A) are has four .stages at 25 me, and five stages at as follows: 6 mc, the i-f bandwidth being 0.5 mc (-6 db). RANGE (miles) : Normal, from 10 to 25; The local oscillator consists of push-pull triodes maximum, from 30 to 40. Minimum angle at 146 .2 mc and quadrtipler tube feeding capac for accurate height-finding is from 5° to ity-resonator harmonic selector. 10° above the optical horizon for inland Most of the models are equipped with IFF sites. receiving antennas (two dipoles with D/F FREQUENCY RANGE (mc) : 520 to 590 ; facilities) at the sides of the paraboloid, oper 500 to 600 also reported. ating on a frequency of approximately 155 mc. PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : Although IFF is aural, the equipment has an 3,750, increased to 5,000 when IFF is used. auxiliary visual signal strength meter. It allows PULSE LENGTH: 2 microseconds ; 1.5 micro D/F on a minimum. seconds when IFF is used. The apparatus consists of a small antenna ANTENNA: Sheet-metal paraboloid 10.1 feet with parabolic reflector, transmitter and re in diameter, focal length 36.3", with fixed \ceiver in a small hut, mounted on a trailer that tubular half-wave dipole and sheet-metal can be folded back and held in pos'ition by front reflector: Common T&R. Horizontal bars. It is so delicately balanced that a spirit beamwidth 24°, vertical be.amwidth 35° level or plumb line is a necessary part of the (estimated figures). Vertical polarization. equipment. The unit is of light alloy ; it is POWER SOURCE: Power lines through rotary RESTRICTED 53 54 TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED 20 Ap' 45 converter; for standby a gasoline-driven proximately 4" in diameter, with circular generator. 90 to 380 volts, 40 to 60 cycles ae. timebase. SIMILAR SJi:TS: Other Wiirzburgs : types DATA OBTAINED: Range, azimuth, and ele FMG 39T (C) and (D), both sman types, vation. and FMG 39T Riese (Giant). ACCURACY: Of range, 137.5 yd ; of azimuth, POWER INPUT REQUIRED: 3 kw. 1.80 ; of elevation, 2°, POWER OUTPUT : 7 to 11 kw (peak). PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS TUBES (type and number): 75 tubes in trans- DIMENSIONS WEIGHT mitte r-receiver unit FuSE 62 as follows: one Height Width. Depth (in.) (in. . ) (ill.) LS 80, twelve LS 50, twelve LS 30, four LD Transmitter- 2, thirty-four RV 12, one LV 1, two LG 1, receiver box 24 1,6 lOY.! G% one LG 2, one LB 13/40, one LB 7/15, four Receiver i-f neon Jights TE 4, one quartz crystal OEK I, amplifier box G 1,6 7 12 % and one stabilizer STV 150/15. Impulse generator 12* TRANSPORTATION: In light, four-wheel 13 6% Total weight of set...... 2.3 tons trailer with outriggers. (Dimensions are of the equipment captured in TYPE OF P..RESENTATION: One CRT ap- the Bruneval raid.) RESTRICTED RESTRICTED TlAEII-219 FMG 39T (C) (WORZBURG) GL RADAR Type FMG 30T (C) is a modification of the in diameter, with wide-band dipolE" of Rheet basic Wiirzburg design. It has a rotating dipole mE'tal blades ; blade-fixing holes Rlotted fOl" with synchronous antenna and indicator switch adJu�tment at approximately 21.2 inches or ing. Three CRT's are used : one large one with 25.2 inches working. Alternative narrow circular timebase for range measurement, and band dipole on some specimens. Front re two smaller ones (azimuth and elevation tubes). flector is 3.2-inch strip of sprayed metal on Minimum angle of elevation for cover is 50 and bakelite disk, 3.1 inch in front of dipole. for height-finding is 10° above the optical Common T&R. horizon for inland sites. A hand-rotated circular POWER SOURCE : 00 to 380 volts, 40 to GO scale, calibrated from 2 to 16 km, is also pro cycles a-c from power lines or standby motor vided. Setting the pointer of this scale to the generator set or both. same range as that indicated in th(> range tube SIMILAR SETS: Wiirzburg : FMG 39T (A) brings the correct echoes into the smaller tubes and (D) and FMG 30T Riese (Giant). for aiming. POWER INPUT REQUIRED: 3.3 kw. There is also a push button b�' means of POWER OUTPUT : 7 to 11 kw (peak). which the operator can change the pulse repe TUBES (type and number) ; 75 tube.!! in trans- tition frequency from 3,750 to 5,000 cps in mitter-receiver unit FuSE 62 as follows ; order to enable the aircraft IFF to function. One LS 80, twelve LS 50, twelve LS 20, foul' Type FMG 30T (C) is used at most Seetakt LD 2, thirty-four RV 12, one LV 1, two LG sites in northwest Europe. It is used mainly 1, one LG 2, one LB 13/40, one LB 7/15, four for Flak control, for searchlight control (via neon lights TE 4, one quartz crystal OEK 1, the plotting instrument "Malsi"). height-find and one stabilizer STY 150/15. ing for aircraft reporting, or as stand-by in TRANSPORTATION : Mobile ; it can be car interception control. ried in truck or trailt·r. This set was introduced into service in 1941. TYPE OF PRESENTATION: Three CRT's: The characteristios of this equipment are as one large, with circular timebas\! for range follows : measurement and two smaller ones, elevH RANGE (miles) : From 1 to 25. tion and azimuth tubes. FREQUENCY RANGE (me) : "A" band, 550 DATA OBTAINED: Range, elevation, and to 580; "B" band, 470 to 490 ; intermediate azimuth. band, 545 to 555 ; 520 to 590 also reported. ACCURACY: Of range, 137.5 yu; of azimuth, PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : 0.2° ; of elevation, 0.20 (e::;timated). 3,750 increased to 5,000 when used with IFF. Heiyht i'iic/th PULSE LENGTH : 1 to 2 microseconds. Over-all (limen ANTENNA: Sheet-metal paraboloid 10.1 feet sions of set : 102 in. 120 in. 211 in. RESTRICTED 55 It-! E ' II-219 RESTRICTED 20 Ap' 45 FMG 39T (0) (WORZBURG) GL RAOAR Type FMC 39T (D) is the latest model of dipole of sheet-metal blades; blade-fixing the small Wiirzburg. It was introduced into holes �lotted for adjustment at approximately service in 1942. 21.2 inches or 25.2 inches working. Alterna Like types (A) and (e), it is equipped with tive narrow-band dipole on some specimens. IFF. In addition. it has the facility for preci. Front reflector is a 3.2 inch strip of sprayed .<.:ioll l'I/IIfle finding, provided by an additional metnl on bakelite disk 3.1 inches in front of CRT, dipole. When the IFF il-\ in operation, the PRF iH POWER SOURCE : �O to 380 volts, 40 to 60 changed from 3,700 to 5,000 cps; this appar cycles ac from power lines or standby motor ently makes the radar completely inoperative generator set or both. during interrogation. The signal at 5,000 cps SIMILAR SETS : Wiirzburgs : types FMG actuates FuG 25. which transmits a 20-mc sig· 3�T (A). (C), and FMG 30T Riese (Giant), nal with keyed 1.OOO-cycle modulation which is POWER INPUT REQUIRED: 3,3 kw, received on two dipoles mounted on either side POWER OUTPUT : 7 to 11 kw (peak), of the paraboloid. From these antennas, the TUBES (type and number) : 75 tubes in trans- signal passes through a commutator to insure mitter-receiver unit FuSE 62 as follows : that the signal is from the plane at which the one LS 80, twelve LS 50, twelve LS 30, four paraboloid is pointed. A normal receiver is LD 2, thirty-four RV 12, one LV 1, two LG then used to give aural indication (headphones) 1, one LG 2, one LB 13/40, one LB 7/15. and visual indication (meter). A small antenna four neon lights TE 4, one quartz crystal OEK placed on the paraboloid indicates by means of I, and one stabilizer STV 150/15. diode rectification and a meter that the set is TRANSPORTATION : Mobile. mounting Himi transmitting; a PS 62 test transmitter is used lar to Freya Limber model. to show that the receiver is in operation. TYPE OF PRESENTATION: Four CRT's, The transmitting tube is a triode, type LS for azimuth, elevation, and range as in typeH 180, with approximately 8-kw peak output (A) and (C). A fourth tube has been power. The recei�er ' is a double superhetero- added for finer range readings ; it has a dyne. single horizontal trace on which, by means This type of Wiirzburg is probably used for of a control knob, an enlargement of any detecting surface vessels. It is used also for given sector of the range tube can be dis Flak fire conJ;rol, gun-laying, searchlight con played and range in km read off in a small trol. and height-finding for aircraft-reporting window indicator. and as stand-by in ground control of intercep DATA. OBTAINED : Range, elevation, and tiOIl. azimuth. The characteristics of the FMG 39T (0) arc ACCURACY : Range accuracy approximates as follows : 11 yard; D/F accuracy 0.20 at all ranges. RANGE (miles) : 1 to 25, Precision ranging is accomplished by phase FREQUENCY RANGE : (me) : "A" band, shifter operating on the sinusoidal (30-kcps 550 to 580; uB" band, 470 to 490; intermedi crystal-controlled) deflector voltage of the ate band, 545 to 555; 520 to 590 also reported. range strobe tube. PULSE RECURRENCE FREQUENCY (cps) : A variant of the FMG 39T is the FMG 41T, • 3,750, increased to 5,000 when used with IFF. which resembles the FMG 39T (D), except that PULSE LENGTH : 1 to 2 microseconds. the paraboloid sometimes has a scooplike ex ANTENNA : Common T&R. Sheet-metal para tension at the bottom, presumably to cut out boloid 10.1 feet in diameter with side-band ground echoes. 56 RESTRICTED • I � Figure 37. Rolary anfenlla-side Figlllot .16. lI'iirzbmon (type D equipment v(ew (cover remot·ed) . 1111 type A mOlwt). "CUPBOARD" ---- � � '" Figlll-" 38. t" (. ,...... t- Figllr8 39. WilNburg "CllpbOClrd"-unit. r�mov�d, 60 5i ! • • • � • I" J• � " • � • i � � "! " � ,:: .; � � • � .; • "- .� "- 5i .! ; • ., • .. � T ..� � � " � ;; k ii � � � � ... � • � � .� • "- .� "- 61 • • Figure 46. Wiir.'lburg i-j unit (ZFV 6!)-end view. 1 -"-<:...0""""1. Figul"e 47. Wiil'zbufV illtj)ulllc {Jeneratol" (1(; ff2)-lrlmt view. 62 RAN GING (EAG 62) ' , "PINTSCH" LI NE VOLTAGE REGULATOR 03 Figt"·,, H. 1I"(;'·%bt"·g ,,,ain IJru"niatian u�it--rtar 1Iiew. }o'ig",·� 55. li'ii ,·zb"'·g »l RANGE HAND �HEEL • • Figure 56. Wurzburg type D. TM E 11-219 RESTRICTED 20 Apr 45 FMG 39T RIESE (GIANT WORZBURGj GCI AND GL RADAR The Giant 01' "ilasket" Wiirzburg is a normal The radio portions of the Giant wen' manu Wiirzburg modified by a large (14 times the factured by Telefunken, the mechanized parts wavelength) parabolic reflector of wh'e mesh b,\' Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and Weserhutte, and which is capable of working up to 50 miles and the turning gear by Allgemeine Elektrizitilt of giving RESTRICTED ... 67 RESTRICTED TM E 11-2 19 TYPE OF PRESENTATION: Four dbplays : ACCURACY : The Giant measures height ac two Class A range tubes with a dark strobe curately down to about 2.50 of elevation. adj ustable to range of target, and two Class This limit corresponds roughly to 5,000 feet B tubes for elevation and azimuth respec at 20 miles, 10,000 feet at 40 miles and tively_ 12,000 feet at 50 miles. DATA OBTAINED: Range, elevation, and OVER-ALL WEIGHT (without foundation) : azimuth. 13.3 tons. RESTRICTED 68 H:�·-- IFF ANTENNAS --- - --- - TL47772 Figure 57. Giant Wurzburg. ------ 20 Apr 45 RESTRICTED TM E 11-2 19 GLOSSARY AI. Air Interceptor, Interception, or Airborne FuG. Funk Geriit. Radio set (similar to SCR). Interceptor (detection of an airplane from FuSE. Funk Sender Empfanger. Transceiver. another airplane). FW. Focke-Wulf. ASV. Airplane-to-surface-vesseIs detector, or Gel. Ground Controlled Interception. aircraft locating surface vessels (detection GL. Gun-laying. of ships from aircraft). He. Heinkel. CRT. Cathode-ray tube. IFF. Identification of Friend or Foe. D/F. Direction-finding (or azimuth determina- Ju. Junkers. tion) . Me. Messerschmitt. Do. Dornier. PRF. Pulse recurrence frequency. EW. Early-warning. TIR. Transmit-receive (switch or box) . FMG or FuMG. Funk Mess Gerat. Radio T&R. Transmitting-receiving (antenna). measuring apparatus (radar set) . RESTRICTED 69