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Archaeological Investigations of the Frazer Farmstead (15Hr42) in Cynthiana, Harrison County, Kentucky

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Archaeological Investigations of the Frazer Farmstead (15Hr42) in Cynthiana, Harrison County, Kentucky “A VERY LARGE SUPPLY OF MEDICAL STORES, TENTS, GUNS, AND AMMUNITION”: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FRAZER FARMSTEAD (15HR42) IN CYNTHIANA, HARRISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY By: Brian Mabelitini, M.A., RPA with contributions by: Janie-Rice Brother, M.A, Bruce L. Manzano, M.A; Jack Rossen, PhD; and Eric J. Schlarb Research Report No. 13 Kentucky Archaeological Survey “A VERY LARGE SUPPLY OF MEDICAL STORES, TENTS, GUNS, AND AMMUNITION”: ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FRAZER FARMSTEAD (15HR42) IN CYNTHIANA, HARRISON COUNTY, KENTUCKY By: Brian Mabelitini. M.A., RPA with contributions by: Janie-Rice Brother, M.A; Bruce L. Manzano, M.A; Jack Rossen, PhD; and Eric J. Schlarb 2017 Kentucky Archaeological Survey Research Report No. 13 Jointly Administered by: The University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology and The Kentucky Heritage Council Lexington, Kentucky Report Prepared for: Mr. Carl Shields Division of Environmental Analysis, Kentucky Transportation Cabinet 200 Mero Street, Frankfort, KY 40622 2017 Kentucky Archaeological Survey The Kentucky Archaeological Survey is jointly administered by the Kentucky Heritage Council (State Historic Preservation Office) and the University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology. Its mission is to provide a service to other state agencies, to work with private landowners to protect archaeological sites, and to educate the public about Kentucky’s rich archaeological heritage. Kentucky Heritage Council The mandate of the Kentucky Heritage Council is to identify, preserve, and protect the cultural resources of Kentucky. The Council also maintains continually updated inventories of historic structures and archaeological sites and nominates properties to the National Register of Historic Places. By working with other state and federal agencies, local communities, and interested citizens, the Council seeks to build a greater awareness of Kentucky’s past and to encourage the long-term preservation of Kentucky’s significant cultural resources. Through its various programs (e.g., Main Street, Grants, Publications, Rural Preservation, Civil War Initiative, Conferences), the Council strives to show how historic resources contribute to the heritage, economy, and quality of life of all Kentuckians. University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology The University of Kentucky Department of Anthropology has a mission to educate students and promote scholarly research in the field of archaeology. The Department also is charged by state law with enforcing and administering the State Antiquities Act, which prohibits the destruction of archaeological sites on state and municipal lands. It maintains comprehensive inventory files and records on archaeological sites in the Commonwealth through the Office of State Archaeology, and supports the major state curation repository for archaeological collections (the William S. Webb Museum of Anthropology). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to thank Dr. David Pollack and Dr. Stephen McBride. I would also like to thank my fellow crew members: Edward Henry, Christopher Moore, Rick Burdin, Logan Kistler, Melissa Ramsey, Carrell Rush, Emily Swintosky, Meagan Jones, Melanie Moore, and Dwight Cropper. Thanks also to Eric Schlarb for providing the analysis of the prehistoric materials, Bruce Manzano for analyzing the faunal remains, and Jack Rossen for examining the botanical materials. I would also like to thank Stephen McBride for his assistance and guidance with the archival research, Hayward Wilkerson for preparing figures for the report, and David McBride for photographing the artifacts. Thanks is also owed to Dr. David Pollack, Dr. Stephen McBride, and Dr. Kim McBride for providing helpful editorial comments, and, as always, to Barbara Gortman and Ed Winkle for handling all the administrative details related to this project. I also owe a great deal of gratitude to Bill Penn for sharing his invaluable insights into John Hunt Morgan’s 1862 Cynthiana Raid and the Union occupation of Camp Frazer. Tremendous thanks are also extended to Carl Shields at the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet for his assistance and interest in this project. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii List Of Figures ................................................................................................................... vi List Of Tables ..................................................................................................................... x Chapter 1: ............................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction to the Project Area and Environment ............................................................. 1 Environmental Setting .................................................................................................... 1 Report Organization ........................................................................................................ 4 Chapter 2: ............................................................................................................................ 6 Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 6 Archival Research ........................................................................................................... 6 Field Methods ................................................................................................................. 6 Laboratory Methods ........................................................................................................ 7 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3: ............................................................................................................................ 9 Archival Research ............................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 Chain of Title .................................................................................................................. 9 Frazer Family Genealogy in Harrison County .............................................................. 13 Chapter 4: .......................................................................................................................... 17 Frazer Farmstead During the American Civil War ........................................................... 17 Chapter 5: .......................................................................................................................... 24 Historical Artifact Assemblage ......................................................................................... 24 Architecture Group ....................................................................................................... 25 Arms Group .................................................................................................................. 29 Activities Group ............................................................................................................ 31 Clothing Group ............................................................................................................. 35 Furniture Group ............................................................................................................ 40 Kitchen Group ............................................................................................................... 40 Military Group .............................................................................................................. 59 Personal Group.............................................................................................................. 63 Transportation Group .................................................................................................... 66 Miscellaneous Group .................................................................................................... 68 Discussion ..................................................................................................................... 68 Chapter 6: .......................................................................................................................... 71 Faunal Remains ................................................................................................................. 71 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 71 Methods......................................................................................................................... 71 Early Nineteenth Century Faunal Remains................................................................... 73 Mid-Nineteenth Century Faunal Remains .................................................................... 80 Site Interpretations ........................................................................................................ 84 Comparison With Other Kentucky Sites....................................................................... 86 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................
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