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Predation on Tropidurus Torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) by the Guira Cuckoo Guira Guira (Aves: Cuculiformes) in the State of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil

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Predation on Tropidurus Torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) by the Guira Cuckoo Guira Guira (Aves: Cuculiformes) in the State of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil Herpetology Notes, volume 8: 35-37 (2015) (published online on 10 March 2015) Predation on Tropidurus torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) by the Guira Cuckoo Guira guira (Aves: Cuculiformes) in the state of Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil Diogo Andrade Koski1,* and Leonardo Merçon2 Small lizards are preyed upon by a variety of animals and seeds (Teixeira and Giovanelli, 1999; Gomides et (Duellman and Trueb, 1986; Greene, 1988; Zug, 1993) al., 2013). and are a food source of many passerines and other The Guira cuckoo, Guira guira (Gmelin, 1788) bird species in neotropical forests (e.g., Wetmore, (Cuculidae: Crotophaginae) is widely distributed 1965, 1968, 1972; Wetmore et al., 1984; Stiles et al., throughout South America, occurring in Brazil, Bolivia, 1989; Kokubum and Zacca, 2004; Oda et al., 2010; Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina (Sick, 1997). This Figueiredo-de-Andrade and Silveira, 2012; Kupriyanov species inhabits open urban and rural areas whose et al., 2012). Because of their low aerobic capacities vegetation comprises vast fields of grass with sparse relative to avian predators, lizards are expected to be trees and shrubs (Souza, 1995). Guira cuckoos feed cryptic and to rely on brief movements into inaccessible primarily on arthropods (Schubart et al., 1965), but many microhabitats for escape (Evans, 1947; Greene, 1988). studies also indicate consumption of small vertebrates, The genus Tropidurus Wied, 1825 (Tropiduridae) including amphibians and reptiles (Schubart et al., comprises 23 known species of heliothermic lizards 1965; Beltzer, 1995; Soave et al., 2008; Mesquita, 2009; that occupy tropical and subtropical South America Repenning et al., 2009; Morais et al., 2013). Reports (Carvalho et al., 2013). The group is broadly distributed involving predation of T. torquatus by birds are scarce along most of the open habitats of South America east (e.g., Kokubum and Zaccha, 2004; Oda et al., 2010), of the Andes, from Venezuela to northern Argentina and herein we present the first report of G. guira preying and Uruguay (Rodrigues, 1987; Frost et al., 2001). on this lizard species. Tropidurus torquatus (Wied, 1820) is the most widely During an avifaunal survey in the municipality of distributed species of the genus and occupies the Cerrado Linhares, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil of central Brazil, along the Atlantic Coast (Rodrigues, (19°03’S; 39°58’W), on 24 August 2012 at 0925 h, we 1987; Rocha, 2000). Tropidurus torquatus presents observed a group of four Guira cuckoos perched on a territorial behavior, diurnal activity, and both sit-and- tree when suddenly three individuals flew towards the wait as well as opportunistic predation (Kohlsdorf et al., ground. Afterwards, one of them returned to the tree 2006). Its diet consists primarily of arthropods, small with a juvenile T. torquatus in its beak (Fig. 1). The vertebrates and plant structures, such as leaves, flowers, lizard was eviscerated and partially eaten by the cuckoo. However, it was not possible to see the conclusion of this predation event, because the bird departed with the lizard in its beak. Since T. torquatus is both abundant and widespread in the areas where it occurs, it can be expected that it is 1 Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Políticas e Sociais “Dom taken as prey opportunistically by at least some birds. Vasco Fernandes Coutinho,” IVAFEC-ES, Rua Francisco Despite the serendipity of our observation, this record Guimarães, No. 80 Glória, CEP 29.120-610, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo, Brazil. adds information about the dietary diversity of Guira 2 Avenida Saturnino Rangel Mauro, 550, Jardim da Penha, CEP cuckoos and their predation behavior, particularly 29060-770, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. considering the lack of such data. There generally is * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] little information available on the natural history and 36 Diogo Andrade Koski & Leonardo Merçon Figure 1. A juvenile Tropidurus torquatus being preyed upon by a Guira cuckoo (Guira guira). Municipality of Linhares, Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. ecology of many birds, even in the case of very common 1825 (Squamata: Tropiduridae): distribution, endemism, and and well-known species like G. guira, which makes a area relationships in South America. PloS One 8 (3): e59736. fortuitous observation such as this significant as we Christianini, A.V. (2005): A feeding record of the Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus in its southern range. Revista Brasileira work to increase our knowledge of neotropical species de Ornitologia 13: 192–192. (Christianini, 2005). Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L. (1986): Biology of Amphibians. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill. 670 pp. Acknowledgments. We thank Yuri F. Messas and Hinrich Evans, H.E. (1947): Notes on Panamanian reptiles and amphibians. Kaiser for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript, and Copeia 1947: 166–170. Henrique Caldeira Costa for the pre-peer review. Figueiredo-de-Andrade, C.A., Silveira, A.L. (2012): Hemidactylus mabouia (Tropical House Gecko): Predation. Herpetological References Bulletin 121: 40–41. Frost, D.R., Rodrigues, M.T., Grant, T., Titus, T.A. (2001): Beltzer, A.H. (1995): Biología alimentaria del Pirincho Guira Phylogenetics of the lizard genus Tropidurus (Squamata: guira (Aves: Cuculidae) en el valle aluvial del río Paraná medio, Tropiduridae: Tropidurinae): direct optimization, descriptive Argentina. Revista de Ecología Latinoamericana 2: 13–18. efficiency, and sensitivity analysis of congruence between Carvalho, A.L.G., Britto, M.R., Fernandes, D.S. (2013): molecular data and morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Biogeography of the lizard genus Tropidurus Wied-Neuwied, Evolution 21: 352–371. Predation on Tropidurus torquatus by the Guira Cuckoo in southeastern Brazil 37 Gomides, S.C., Ribeiro, L.B., Peters, V.M., Sousa, B.M. (2013): Rocha, C.F.D. (2000): Biogeografia de répteis de restingas: Feeding and reproduction ecology of the lizard Tropidurus distribuição, ocorrência e endemismos. In: Ecologia de Restingas torquatus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in a rock outcrop area in e Lagoas Costeiras, pp. 99–116. Esteves, F.A., Lacerda, L.D., southeastern Brazil. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 86: Eds. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Universidade Federal do Rio de 137–151. Janeiro. 394 pp. Greene, H.W. (1988): Antipredator mechanisms in reptiles. In: Rodrigues, M.T. (1987): Sistemática, ecologia e zoogeografia dos Biology of the Reptilia. Volume 16. Ecology B. Defense and Tropidurus do grupo torquatus ao sul do Rio Amazonas (Sauria, Life History, pp. 1–152. Gans, C., Huey, R.B., Eds. New York, Iguanidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 31: 105–230. USA: Alan R. Liss Inc. Schubart, O., Aguirre, A.C., Sick, H. (1965): Contribuição para o Kohlsdorf, T., Navas, C.A. (2006): Ecological constraints on conhecimento da alimentação das aves brasileiras. Arquivos de the evolutionary association between field and preferred Zoologia 12: 95–249. temperatures in Tropidurinae lizards. Evolutionary Ecology 20: Sick, H. (1997): Ornitologia Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: 549–564. Editora Nova Fronteira. 193 pp. Kokubum, M.N.C., Zacca, W. (2004): Tropidurus torquatus. Soave, E.G., Darrieu, C.A., Aribalzaga, M.E., Camperi, A.R. Predation. Herpetological Review 35: 270. (2008): Dieta del Pirincho (Guira guira) em el nordeste de la Kupriyanov, V.M.S., Daza, J.D., Bauer, A.M., Gaban-Lima, provinci de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Cuculiformes: Cuculidae). R., Brito, G.R.R., Hofling, E. (2012): Six species of Amazonian Revista de Biología Tropical 56: 1883–1892. woodcreepers (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) preying upon lizards Souza, F.L. (1995): A study of group structure and home range and frogs. Journal of Natural History 46: 2985–2997. size of Crotophaga ani and Guira guira. Revista Brasileira de Mesquita, P.C.M.D. (2009): A record of predation on a poisonous Ornitologia 3 (3): 70–72. toad Rhinella granulosa (Anura, Bufonidae) by Guira Cuckoo Stiles, F.G., Skutch, A.F., Gardner, D. 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