DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution of Mutualistic Microbiome in Firebugs and Cotton Stainers (Hemiptera; Pyrrhocoridae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution of Mutualistic Microbiome in Firebugs and Cotton Stainers (Hemiptera; Pyrrhocoridae) Evolution of mutualistic microbiome in firebugs and cotton stainers (Hemiptera; Pyrrhocoridae) -Characterizing the role of bacterial symbionts in diversification and niche expansion of Pyrrhocoridae Dissertation To Fulfill the Requirements for the Degree of „Doctor of Philosophy“ (PhD) Submitted to the Council of the Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena by Sailendharan Sudakaran (M.Sc.) st born on Febrauray 21 , 1987 in Madurai (India) Reviewers 1. Prof. Dr. Rolf Beutel 2. Prof. Dr. Andreas Brune 3. Dr. Martin Kaltenpoth Date of defense: 18/05/2015 …from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. The Origin of Species, Charles Darwin Table of Contents LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 5 1.1 Symbioses: key drivers of niche expansion and evolutionary diversification .................... 5 1.2 Symbiotic interactions between microbes and insects ...................................................... 7 1.3 Evolutionary history and ecological factors shape symbiont composition ..................... 12 1.4 Role of host immunity in maintaining symbiosis equilibrium ........................................ 13 1.5 Symbiont-mediated resource acquisition ........................................................................ 15 1.6 Darwin’s blind spot: Symbiosis facilitates speciation and diversification in insects ...... 19 1.7 The Pyrrhocoridae – bacterial symbiosis ........................................................................ 22 1.7.1 Stinkbugs and their microbial symbionts ................................................................ 22 1.7.2 The family Pyrrhocoridae and its gut symbionts ..................................................... 23 1.8 Thesis outline .................................................................................................................. 26 1.9 References ....................................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 2: Geographic and ecological stability of the symbiotic mid-gut microbiota in European firebugs, Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae) ................................ 41 2.1 Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 41 2.2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 43 2.3 Materials and Methods .................................................................................................... 47 2.3.1 Rearing conditions and sample collection ............................................................... 47 2.3.2 DNA extraction and amplification .......................................................................... 49 2.3.3 Bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyroseqencing (bTEFAP) and data analysis ............................................................................................................... 49 2.3.4 PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing ........................................................... 50 2.3.5 Molecular phylogenetic analysis ............................................................................. 51 2.3.6 Quantitative PCR ..................................................................................................... 52 2.3.7 Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) ............................................................... 53 2.3.8 Microelectrode measurements ................................................................................. 54 2.4 Results ............................................................................................................................. 56 2.4.1 Bacterial communities in different gut regions of P. apterus .................................. 56 2.4.2 Phylogenetic placement of P. apterus midgut symbionts ....................................... 58 2.4.3 Ontogenetic changes of the P. apterus microbiota .................................................. 61 2.4.4 Inter-population differences in the mid-gut microbiota of P. apterus ..................... 63 2.4.5 Effect of different diets on the mid-gut microbiota of P. apterus ........................... 65 2.4.6 Transient microbes from ingested food material ..................................................... 66 2.4.7 Localisation of microbial symbionts ....................................................................... 67 2.4.8 Microelectrode measurements ................................................................................. 68 2.5 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 69 2.5.1 Composition of the P. apterus gut microbiota ........................................................ 69 2.5.2 Transmission and establishment of the microbial mid-gut community in P. apterus ......................................................................................... 71 2.5.3 Ecological stability of the P. apterus gut microbiota .............................................. 72 2.5.4 Comparison of methods for the characterization of microbial communities .......... 73 i 2.5.5 Putative function of the P. apterus mid-gut microbiota ........................................... 74 2.6 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... 77 2.7 References ........................................................................................................................ 78 2.8 Supplement ...................................................................................................................... 87 CHAPTER 3: Actinobacteria as essential symbionts in firebugs and cotton stainers (Hemiptera,Pyrrhocoridae) ................................................................................ 93 3.1 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 93 3.2 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 95 3.3 Results .............................................................................................................................. 98 3.3.1 Midgut microbiota of D. fasciatus ........................................................................... 98 3.3.2 Success of symbiont manipulation procedure .......................................................... 99 3.3.3 Fitness of P. apterus and D. fasciatus following symbiont manipulation ............. 101 3.3.4 Reproductive success of adult D. fasciatus females following symbiont manipulation ................................................................................................... 103 3.3.5 Correlations linking individual strain abundances to fitness ................................. 105 3.3.6 Fitness of D. fasciatus fed on sunflower seeds ...................................................... 107 3.4 Discussion ...................................................................................................................... 108 3.5 Experimental procedures ............................................................................................... 113 3.5.1 Insect sampling and rearing ................................................................................... 113 3.5.2 Bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyroseqencing (bTEFAP) and data analysis ............................................................................................................. 113 3.5.3 Experimental manipulation of the microbial gut community ................................ 115 3.5.4 Fitness measurements ............................................................................................ 116 3.5.5 DNA extraction and PCR screening for C. glomerans .......................................... 116 3.5.6 Quantitative PCR ................................................................................................... 118 3.5.7 Statistical analysis .................................................................................................. 120 3.6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ 120 3.7 References ...................................................................................................................... 121 3.8 Supplement .................................................................................................................... 128 CHAPTER 4: Evolutionary transition in symbiotic syndromes enabled adaptive radiation of phytophagous insects on an imbalanced diet ...................................... 135 4.1 Abstract .......................................................................................................................... 135 4.2 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 137 4.3 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................... 141 4.3.1 Insect sample collection and DNA extraction .......................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Primer Registro Para El Neotrópico De La Familia Artheneidae Stål, 1872
    www.biotaxa.org/rce. ISSN 0718-8994 (online) Revista Chilena de Entomología (2021) 47 (2): 311-318. Nota Científica Primer registro para el Neotrópico de la familia Artheneidae Stål, 1872 (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea), con la especie Holcocranum saturejae (Kolenati, 1845) introducida en Argentina First record for the Neotropics of the family Artheneidae Stål, 1872 (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea), with the species Holcocranum saturejae (Kolenati, 1845) introduced in Argentina Diego L. Carpintero1, Alberto A. de Magistris2 y Eduardo I. Faúndez3* 1División Entomología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”. Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected]. 2Cátedras de Botánica Sistemática, y Ecología y Fitogeografía, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Lomas de Zamora, Ruta Provincial 4, Km 2 (1832), Llavallol, Partido de Lomas de Zamora, Buenos Aires, Argentina. E-mail: [email protected]. 3Laboratorio de entomología y salud pública, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Casilla 113-D, Punta Arenas, Chile. *[email protected] ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2C786219-0AE9-40A2-A175-E3C8750290A https://doi.org/10.35249/rche.47.2.21.17 Resumen. Se cita por primera vez para la Argentina a la especie Holcocranum saturejae (Kolenati) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Artheneidae), que se alimenta principalmente de totoras (Typha spp., Typhaceae) y, en menor medida de otras plantas, en base a una muestra proveniente de la Reserva Natural Provincial Santa Catalina en Lomas de Zamora, provincia de Buenos Aires. Se muestran imágenes de ejemplares recolectados y se dan sus caracteres diagnósticos. Se comenta brevemente la importancia de la aparición de esta especie en la Región Neotropical.
    [Show full text]
  • Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States
    Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States September 1993 OTA-F-565 NTIS order #PB94-107679 GPO stock #052-003-01347-9 Recommended Citation: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Harmful Non-Indigenous Species in the United States, OTA-F-565 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, September 1993). For Sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office ii Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop, SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-9328 ISBN O-1 6-042075-X Foreword on-indigenous species (NIS)-----those species found beyond their natural ranges—are part and parcel of the U.S. landscape. Many are highly beneficial. Almost all U.S. crops and domesticated animals, many sport fish and aquiculture species, numerous horticultural plants, and most biologicalN control organisms have origins outside the country. A large number of NIS, however, cause significant economic, environmental, and health damage. These harmful species are the focus of this study. The total number of harmful NIS and their cumulative impacts are creating a growing burden for the country. We cannot completely stop the tide of new harmful introductions. Perfect screening, detection, and control are technically impossible and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Nevertheless, the Federal and State policies designed to protect us from the worst species are not safeguarding our national interests in important areas. These conclusions have a number of policy implications. First, the Nation has no real national policy on harmful introductions; the current system is piecemeal, lacking adequate rigor and comprehensiveness. Second, many Federal and State statutes, regulations, and programs are not keeping pace with new and spreading non-indigenous pests.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Bulletin for Oxycarenus Hyalinipennis (Cotton Seed Bug)
    USDA United States Department of Agriculture United States Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin- Oxycarenus Animal and Plant hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Health Inspection Service Oxycarenidae) Cotton seed bug April 23, 2021 Cotton seed bug, O. hyalinipennis (image courtesy of Julieta Brambila, USDA– APHIS–PPQ) Agency Contact: Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory Science and Technology Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture 1730 Varsity Drive, Suite 300 Raleigh, NC 27606 Oxcarenus hyalinipennis Cotton seed bug Technical Bulletin 5 E E Figure 1. Adult and five nymphal stages of Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (image courtesy of Natasha Wright, FDACS-DPI). Introduction: Cotton seed bug (CSB), Oxycarenus distinct wingpads that extend to the third abdominal hyalinipennis, is an important global pest of cotton segment (Henry, 1983). (Smith and Brambila, 2008). Native to Africa, CSB is now widespread with distribution in Asia, Europe, Eggs: Egg are 0.29 mm (0.01 in) wide by 0.97 mm Middle East, South America and the Caribbean (Bolu (0.04 in) long and slender with 25 longitudinal ribs or et al., 2020; Halbert and Dobbs, 2010). Cotton seed corrugations. During development, the eggs change from straw yellow to orange or pink (Fig. 2) (Henry, bug infestations can cause weight loss in cottonseed, 1983; Sweet, 2000). decrease seed germination, and reduce oil seed (Henry, 1983). Additionally, when CSB is present in sufficient numbers, cotton fibers become stained during processing (Smith and Brambila, 2008) which results in decreased value. Description: Final identification of CSB is based on the morphology of adult male internal structures (Brambila, 2020).
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton Stainer, Dysdercus Koenigii (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) Eggs Laying Preference and Its Ecto-Parasite, Hemipteroseius Spp Levels of Parasitism on It
    APPL. SCI. BUS. ECON. ISSN 2312-9832 APPLIED SCIENCES AND BUSINESS ECONOMICS OPEN ACCESS Cotton stainer, Dysdercus koenigii (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) eggs laying preference and its ecto-parasite, Hemipteroseius spp levels of parasitism on it Qazi Muhammad Noman1*, Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah2, Shafqat Saeed1, Abida Perveen1, Faheem Azher1 and Iqra Asghar1 1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan 2Central Cotton Research Institute, Old Shujabad Road, Multan, Pakistan *Corresponding author email Abstract [email protected] Cotton is one of the important and main cash crop of Pakistan as listed in top four crops i.e. wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize. Its contribution is 1.4% in GDP and 6.7% in Keywords agriculture value addition. Insect pests are causing a key role in term of qualitative and Mass rearing,Different mediums, Eggs batches, Mortality quantitative losses. In 2010, cotton stainer was thought to be a minor insect pest in Pakistan, while, currently it becomes the most prominent among the sucking insects with piercing sucking mouthparts as causing serious economic losses in the cotton growing areas of Pakistan. Many control tactics were to be studied including biological and chemical. But keeping the drawbacks of insecticides, a biological control is to be highly recommended control tool. The newly introduced predator the Antilochus coqueberti (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) is being reared in the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan against the cotton stainer. This predator, repaid mass rearing in the laboratory completely depends on its natural host because; we don’t find the literatures on its artificial diets rearing.
    [Show full text]
  • Insecta Zeitschrift Für Entomologie Und Naturschutz
    Insecta Zeitschrift für Entomologie und Naturschutz Heft 9/2004 Insecta Bundesfachausschuss Entomologie Zeitschrift für Entomologie und Naturschutz Heft 9/2004 Impressum © 2005 NABU – Naturschutzbund Deutschland e.V. Herausgeber: NABU-Bundesfachausschuss Entomologie Schriftleiter: Dr. JÜRGEN DECKERT Museum für Naturkunde der Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Systematische Zoologie Invalidenstraße 43 10115 Berlin E-Mail: [email protected] Redaktion: Dr. JÜRGEN DECKERT, Berlin Dr. REINHARD GAEDIKE, Eberswalde JOACHIM SCHULZE, Berlin Verlag: NABU Postanschrift: NABU, 53223 Bonn Telefon: 0228.40 36-0 Telefax: 0228.40 36-200 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.NABU.de Titelbild: Die Kastanienminiermotte Cameraria ohridella (Foto: J. DECKERT) siehe Beitrag ab Seite 9. Gesamtherstellung: Satz- und Druckprojekte TEXTART Verlag, ERIK PIECK, Postfach 42 03 11, 42403 Solingen; Wolfsfeld 12, 42659 Solingen, Telefon 0212.43343 E-Mail: [email protected] Insecta erscheint in etwa jährlichen Abständen ISSN 1431-9721 Insecta, Heft 9, 2004 Inhalt Vorwort . .5 SCHULZE, W. „Nachbar Natur – Insekten im Siedlungsbereich des Menschen“ Workshop des BFA Entomologie in Greifswald (11.-13. April 2003) . .7 HOFFMANN, H.-J. Insekten als Neozoen in der Stadt . .9 FLÜGEL, H.-J. Bienen in der Großstadt . .21 SPRICK, P. Zum vermeintlichen Nutzen von Insektenkillerlampen . .27 MARTSCHEI, T. Wanzen (Heteroptera) als Indikatoren des Lebensraumtyps Trockenheide in unterschiedlichen Altersphasen am Beispiel der „Retzower Heide“ (Brandenburg) . .35 MARTSCHEI, T., Checkliste der bis jetzt bekannten Wanzenarten H. D. ENGELMANN Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns . .49 DECKERT, J. Zum Vorkommen von Oxycareninae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae) in Berlin und Brandenburg . .67 LEHMANN, U. Die Bedeutung alter Funddaten für die aktuelle Naturschutzpraxis, insbesondere für das FFH-Monitoring .
    [Show full text]
  • Migrations of Dysdercus Spp. (Hemiptera : Pyrrhocoridae) Related to Movements OP the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone in West Africa
    Bull. ent. Res. 67, 185-204 185 Published 1977 .. Migrations of Dysdercus spp. (Hemiptera : Pyrrhocoridae) related to movements OP the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone in West Africa DOMINIQ~DUVIARD * Laboratoire d'EntotnoZogie Agricole, Centre Orstom d'Adiopodoumé, B.P. V51, A bidjan, Zvory Coast Abstract The possibilities of migrations in the West African species of Dysdercus are discussed and a hypothesis of long-range migrations asso- ciated \with the Inter-TTopical Convergence Zone and its wind systems is proposed. Catches of adult Dysdercus in four light-traps distributed from south to north of the Ivory Coast showed that the phenology of assumed migratory activity in D. voelkeri Schmidt differs with latitude and may be correlated with particular types of weather; stainer migrations taking place during the warm, wet and sunny part of the year. The whole life cycle of the insects as well as their flight activity occur under these climatic conditions, prevailing in a belt of 600-900 km width, situated immediately to the south of the Inter-Tropical Front. Colonisation of newly available habitats is thus only possible when climatic factors allow: (i), migratory flight activity and (ii), survival in the colonised area. A close examination of the timing of both migrations in the two main species, D. voelkeri and D. mehoderes Karsch, and of annual movements of the I.T.F. leads to the only logical hypothesis that the transportation of migrating insects is effected by atmospheric convergence, prevailing wind currents and air mass displacements. Introduction Migration of adults of a new generation from one breeding site to another is an important feature of the biology of many insect species (Southwood, 1960; Johnson, 1969; Bowden, 1973; Dingle, 1974) and migrants must therefore be considered as active colonisers of every potential habitat, and not just as individuals leaving an unsuitable environment (Dingle, 1972).
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Plant Parameters on Occurrence and Abundance Of
    HORTICULTURAL ENTOMOLOGY Influence of Plant Parameters on Occurrence and Abundance of Arthropods in Residential Turfgrass 1 S. V. JOSEPH AND S. K. BRAMAN Department of Entomology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, GrifÞn, GA 30223-1797 J. Econ. Entomol. 102(3): 1116Ð1122 (2009) ABSTRACT The effect of taxa [common Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon (L.); centipedegrass, Eremochloa ophiuroides Munro Hack; St. Augustinegrass, Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walt.] Kuntze; and zoysiagrass, Zoysia spp.], density, height, and weed density on abundance of natural enemies, and their potential prey were evaluated in residential turf. Total predatory Heteroptera were most abundant in St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass and included Anthocoridae, Lasiochilidae, Geocoridae, and Miridae. Anthocoridae and Lasiochilidae were most common in St. Augustinegrass, and their abundance correlated positively with species of Blissidae and Delphacidae. Chinch bugs were present in all turf taxa, but were 23Ð47 times more abundant in St. Augustinegrass. Anthocorids/lasiochilids were more numerous on taller grasses, as were Blissidae, Delphacidae, Cicadellidae, and Cercopidae. Geocoridae and Miridae were most common in zoysiagrass and were collected in higher numbers with increasing weed density. However, no predatory Heteroptera were affected by grass density. Other beneÞcial insects such as staphylinids and parasitic Hymenoptera were captured most often in St. Augustinegrass and zoysiagrass. These differences in abundance could be in response to primary or alternate prey, or reßect the inßuence of turf microenvironmental characteristics. In this study, SimpsonÕs diversity index for predatory Heteroptera showed the greatest diversity and evenness in centipedegrass, whereas the herbivores and detritivores were most diverse in St. Augustinegrass lawns. These results demonstrate the complex role of plant taxa in structuring arthropod communities in turf.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects in Kansas Book: 2016 Revised Taxonomy
    Insects in Kansas Book: 2016 Revised Taxonomy TAXONOMIC CHANGES TO INSECT ORDERS 1. Order Collembola, Springtails, are no longer classified as insects (pg. 38‐39) but were elevated to Class status 2. Order Thysanura, Bristletails and Silverfish are now split into their own Orders and Thysanura no longer exists as an Order name. a. Bristletails=Order Microcoryphia (pg. 40‐41) b. Silverfish=Order Zygentoma (pg. 40‐41) 3. Order Phasmatodea, walkingsticks, are sometimes referred to as Phasmida (pg. 55) 4. Order Blattodea now includes both cockroaches and termites (Order Isoptera is now a suborder) (pg. 84‐85) 5. Order Pscoptera, barklice, are now called Psocodea(pg. 86) 6. Orders Mallophaga and Anoplura (pg. 87‐92) are now in Psocodea as suborders 7. Order Hemiptera now includes the Order Homoptera (Homoptera is now a suborder) (pg. 121‐ 418) 8. Order Neuroptera now includes lacewings, owlflies, and antlions but NOT dobsonflies (see #9) (pg. 153‐159) 9. Order Megaloptera now includes dobsonflies, alderflies, and fishflies (pg. 153‐159) TAXONOMIC CHANGES TO INSECT FAMILIES 1. Cave and camel crickets are now in the Family Rhapidophoridae not Gryllacrididae (pg. 73) 2. Ant crickets have been put into their own Family now called Myrmecophilidae (pg. 74‐75) 3. Red‐legged Earwigs are now in the Family Anisolabididae (pg. 78) 4. German and wood cockroaches are now in the Family Ectobiidae, F. Blattellidae is no longer valid (pg. 82‐83) 5. Family Liposcelidae is now called Liposcelididae (pg. 86) 6. Pubic lice are now in their own Family Phthiridae (pg. 92) 7. Family Pentatomidae no longer includes the Shield bugs or shield‐backed bugs (pg.
    [Show full text]
  • Cotton Seed Bug, Oxycarenus Hyalinipennis (Costa): a Serious Pest of Cotton That Has Become Established in the Caribbean Basin
    DACS-P-01726 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Charles H. Bronson, Commissioner of Agriculture Cotton Seed Bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa): A serious pest of cotton that has become established in the Caribbean Basin Susan E. Halbert, [email protected], Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry Thomas Dobbs, [email protected], USDA-APHIS-PPQ, Miami INTRODUCTION: The cotton seed bug, Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa), is a serious pest of cotton and other malvaceous plants. It is native to Africa. It has become established in the Caribbean Basin (Baranowski and Slater 2005, Slater and Baranowski 1994). The cotton seed bug has been intercepted on numerous occasions on material from Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, Central America, South America and the Caribbean. An infestation of O. hyalinipennis was found in a trailer park in Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida on 23 March 2010 by William A. Thiel, USDA/APHIS/PPQ. A detailed risk analysis, reviewing much of the relevant literature, was written by the Plant Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, APHIS/Plant Protection and Quarantine, Raleigh, NC. DESCRIPTION: As the name suggests, this is a bug with transparent wings. The rest of the body is dark, giving the bug a contrasting black and white appearance. The head is shaped like the head of a rat (Fig. 1). The bugs are 4-5 mm long. Nymphs can be reddish (Sweet 2000). There are about 55 valid described species of Oxycarenus, several of which are known pests (Sweet 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Classification Standards 2020
    RECOMMENDED INSECT CLASSIFICATION FOR UGA ENTOMOLOGY CLASSES (2020) In an effort to standardize the hexapod classification systems being taught to our students by our faculty in multiple courses across three UGA campuses, I recommend that the Entomology Department adopts the basic system presented in the following textbook: Triplehorn, C.A. and N.F. Johnson. 2005. Borror and DeLong’s Introduction to the Study of Insects. 7th ed. Thomson Brooks/Cole, Belmont CA, 864 pp. This book was chosen for a variety of reasons. It is widely used in the U.S. as the textbook for Insect Taxonomy classes, including our class at UGA. It focuses on North American taxa. The authors were cautious, presenting changes only after they have been widely accepted by the taxonomic community. Below is an annotated summary of the T&J (2005) classification. Some of the more familiar taxa above the ordinal level are given in caps. Some of the more important and familiar suborders and families are indented and listed beneath each order. Note that this is neither an exhaustive nor representative list of suborders and families. It was provided simply to clarify which taxa are impacted by some of more important classification changes. Please consult T&J (2005) for information about taxa that are not listed below. Unfortunately, T&J (2005) is now badly outdated with respect to some significant classification changes. Therefore, in the classification standard provided below, some well corroborated and broadly accepted updates have been made to their classification scheme. Feel free to contact me if you have any questions about this classification.
    [Show full text]
  • Actinobacteria and the Vitamin Metabolism of Firebugs
    Actinobacteria and the Vitamin Metabolism of Firebugs - Characterizing a mutualism's specificity and functional importance - Seit 1558 Dissertation To Fulfill the Requirements for the Degree of „Doctor of Philosophy“ (PhD) Submitted to the Council of the Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy of the Friedrich Schiller University Jena by M.S. Hassan Salem Born on 16.01.1986 in Cairo, Egypt i Das Promotionsgesuch wurde eingereicht und bewilligt am: Gutachter: 1) 2) 3) Das Promotionskolloquium wurde abgelegt am: ii To Nagla and Samy, for ensuring that life’s possibilities remain endless To Aly, for sharing everything* And to Aileen, my beloved HERC2 mutant * Everything except our first Gameboy (circa 1993). For all else, I am profoundly grateful. i ii CONTENTS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1: SYMBIOSIS AND THE EVOLUTION OF BIOLOGICAL NOVELTY IN INSECTS ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.1 The organism in the age of the holobiont: It, itself, they .................................................. 3 1.2 Adaptive significance of symbiosis .................................................................................. 4 1.3 Symbiont-mediated diversification ................................................................................... 5 1.4 Revisiting Darwin’s mystery of mysteries: The role of symbiosis in species formation 6 1.5 Homeostasis of symbioses
    [Show full text]
  • Microbiome of Odontogenic Abscesses
    microorganisms Article Microbiome of Odontogenic Abscesses Sebastian Böttger 1,* , Silke Zechel-Gran 2, Daniel Schmermund 1, Philipp Streckbein 1 , Jan-Falco Wilbrand 1 , Michael Knitschke 1 , Jörn Pons-Kühnemann 3, Torsten Hain 2,4, Markus Weigel 2 , Hans-Peter Howaldt 1, Eugen Domann 4,5 and Sameh Attia 1 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (P.S.); [email protected] (J.-F.W.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (H.-P.H.); [email protected] (S.A.) 2 Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; [email protected] (S.Z.-G.); [email protected] (T.H.); [email protected] (M.W.) 3 Institute of Medical Informatics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; [email protected] 4 German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany; [email protected] 5 Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-641-98546271 Abstract: Severe odontogenic abscesses are regularly caused by bacteria of the physiological oral Citation: Böttger, S.; Zechel-Gran, S.; microbiome. However, the culture of these bacteria is often prone to errors and sometimes does not Schmermund, D.; Streckbein, P.; result in any bacterial growth.
    [Show full text]