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Dissertação Final PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE GOIÁS COORDENAÇÃO DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTU SENSU Mestrado em Direito, Relações Internacionais e Desenvolvimento MARINA RÚBIA MENDONÇA LÔBO INVESTIMENTO ESTRANGEIRO DIRETO NA ÁFRICA À LUZ DO CASO GANENSE Goiânia 2011 MARINA RÚBIA MENDONÇA LÔBO INVESTIMENTO ESTRANGEIRO DIRETO NA ÁFRICA À LUZ DO CASO GANENSE Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Direito, Relações Internacionais e Desenvolvimento da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, como requisito para a obtenção de título de Mestre em Direito, sob orientação do Professor Doutor Jean Marie Lambert. Goiânia 2011 MARINA RÚBIA MENDONÇA LÔBO INVESTIMENTO ESTRANGEIRO DIRETO NA ÁFRICA À LUZ DO CASO GANENSE Dissertação defendida no Curso de Mestrado em Direito, Relações Internacionais e Desenvolvimento da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, para a obtenção do grau de Mestre. Aprovada em de de 2011, pela Banca Examinadora constituída pelos seguintes professores: Banca Examinadora ___________________________________ Dr. Jean Marie Lambert Prof.º Orientador e Presidente da Banca ___________________________________ Dr. Rabah Belaidi Prof.º Membro da Banca ____________________________________ Dr. Haroldo Reimer Prof.º Membro da Banca Agradeço a meu pai e minha mãe pelo apoio incondicional, principalmente nos últimos anos. Seus esforços são mais do que evidentes e apreciados. À minha família, amigos e namorado que se mantiveram presentes e firmes durante todo o processo, mesmo quando estava cansada, mal humorada e não podia oferecer-lhes a atenção merecida. Ao meu mestre, Jean Marie, que não só me ensinou a escrever como me inspirou a buscar meu estilo. Às professoras Maria Cristina Bahia de Carvalho, minha sogra, e Mércia Mendonça Lisita, minha madrinha, pelas exaustivas correções que fizeram dos meus textos, todas com muito carinho e zelo. Obrigada. Dedico a conquista a minha afilhada Mariana, mais nova e linda cidadã do mundo. Que eu possa ser pra ela, um dia, razão de muito orgulho e inspiração, na intenção de motivá-la a ser sempre melhor e alcançar o infinito. SUMÁRIO RESUMO..................................................................................................................................10 ABSTRACT..............................................................................................................................11 INTRODUÇÃO........................................................................................................................12 CAPÍTULO I- EVOLUÇÃO HISTÓRICA DE GANA...........................................................15 1.1 Esboço Histórico do Continente Negro..............................................................................15 1.2 Considerações Iniciais sobre o Império de Gana................................................................18 1.3 A Cidade de Elmina em Gana.............................................................................................20 1.4 Gold Coast - Gana: de 1900 a 2010....................................................................................23 CAPÍTULO II- INTEGRAÇÃO CONTINENTAL E INSERÇÃO REGIONAL....................27 2.1 Integração Continental - União Africana............................................................................27 2.1.1 A Dimensão Política da União Africana..........................................................................29 2.1.1.1 Assembléia (Assembléia dos Chefes de Estado e de Governo da UA)........................29 2.1.1.2 Conselho Executivo (CE dos Ministros da UA)...........................................................30 2.1.1.3 Parlamento Pan-Africano..............................................................................................30 2.1.1.4 Corte de Justiça (Corte Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos).........................30 2.1.1.5 Autoridade (Secretariado da UA).................................................................................31 2.1.1.6 Comitê dos Representantes Permanentes......................................................................31 2.1.1.7 Comitês Técnicos Especializado...................................................................................32 2.1.1.8 Conselho Econômico, Social e Cultural.......................................................................32 2.1.1.9 Conselho de Paz e Segurança........................................................................................33 2.1.1.10 Comissão Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos.............................................33 2.1.2 A Dimensão Econômica da União Africana....................................................................33 2.1.2.1 União do Magreb Árabe................................................................................................35 2.1.2.2 Comunidade dos Estados Sahelo-Saarianos.................................................................35 2.1.2.3 Comunidade da África Oriental....................................................................................36 2.1.2.4 Comunidade Econômica dos Estados Centro-Africanos..............................................37 2.1.2.5 Comunidade Econômica dos Estados da África Ocidental...........................................37 2.1.2.6 Autoridade Intergovernamental para o Desenvolvimento............................................38 2.1.2.7 Comunidade de Desenvolvimento da África Austral...................................................39 2.1.2.8 Mercado Comum da África Oriental e Austral.............................................................39 2.2 Inserção Regional- ECOWAS............................................................................................40 2.2.1 Estrutura Organizacional..................................................................................................41 2.2.1.1 Autoridade dos Chefes de Estado e de Governo...........................................................41 2.2.1.2 Conselho de Ministros..................................................................................................41 2.2.1.3 Parlamento....................................................................................................................41 2.2.1.4 Conselho Econômico e Social.......................................................................................42 2.2.1.5 Tribunal de Justiça........................................................................................................42 2.2.1.6 Comissão.......................................................................................................................42 2.2.1.7 Fundo de Cooperação, Compensação e Desenvolvimento...........................................43 2.2.1.8 Comissões Técnicas Especializadas..............................................................................43 2.2.2 Dimensão Econômico-Financeira....................................................................................44 2.2.3 Cooperação em Segurança Regional................................................................................45 2.2.4 Esportes e Intercâmbio Cultural.......................................................................................46 2.2.5 Programas Prioritários da ECOWAS em Gana................................................................47 CAPÍTULO III- INVESTIMENTO ESTRANGEIRO DIRETO.............................................49 3.1 Cenário Econômico.............................................................................................................49 3.2 Infraestrutura.......................................................................................................................51 3.2.1 Energia elétrica................................................................................................................51 3.2.2 Transporte........................................................................................................................55 3.2.2.1 Transporte ferroviário...................................................................................................58 3.2.2.2 Transporte rodoviário....................................................................................................59 3.2.2.3 Transporte náutico e fluvial..........................................................................................60 3.2.2.4 Transporte aéreo............................................................................................................62 3.2.3 Mão de obra.....................................................................................................................62 3.3 Risco....................................................................................................................................63 3.3.1 Risco político e cambial...................................................................................................64 3.3.2 Risco jurisdicional............................................................................................................64 3.4 Investimento Estrangeiro Direto.........................................................................................65 3.4.1 Brasil................................................................................................................................65 3.4.2 Outros países....................................................................................................................67 CAPÍTULO IV- QUADRO REGULATÓRIO GERAL PARA INVESTIMENTOS..............74 4.1 Lei 478/94 e Normas Legais Complementares...................................................................74
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