SIGFRID INGRISCH
Bad Karlshafen, Germany
A REVIEW OF THE ELIMAEINI OF WESTERN INDONESIA, MALAY PENINSULA AND THAILAND (ENSIFERA, TETTIGONIIDAE, PHANEROPTERINAE)
Ingrisch, S., 1998. A review of the Elimaeini of Western Indonesia, Malay Peninsula and Thai- land (Ensifera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae). – Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 141: 65-108, figs. 1-174, maps 1-3.[ 0040-7496]. Published 30 November 1998. A review of the Elimaeini occurring in Western Indonesia, Malay Peninsula, Thailand and adja- cent islands is given. The stridulatory file on the underside of the male left tegmen, conchate phallus sclerites and modifications of the gonangulum of the ovipositor are introduced as new di- agnostic characters. The phylogenetic relations of the genera and subgenera are discussed. Hemielimaea Brunner, 1878 is reduced to a subgenus of Elimaea Stål, 1874. Phaneroptera parumpunctata Serville, 1839 is designated as type species of Rhaebelimaea. In the subgenus Eli- maea, there are two distinct species groups differing by the width of the tegmen which is (a) wider than the pronotal length (Elimaea s. str.) or (b) narrower than the pronotal length in males and of subequal width in females (E. poaefolia-group). A tabular key to the species in the area considered is provided; the diagnostic characters are figured. Nine species are described as new: Elimaea (Rhaebelimaea) mentaweii sp. n., E. (R.). maninjauensis sp. n., E. (R.). modiglianii sp. n., E. (R.). pseudochloris sp. n., E. (R.). sinuata sp. n., E. (R.). apicata sp. n., E. (R.). pentaspina sp. n., Elimaea (Elimaea) thaii sp. n., E. (Elimaea) nautica sp. n.. Two species of the E. poaefolia-group which are only known from single females, are informally described but not named. Elimaea mi- nor (Brunner, 1891), formerly included in E. (Rhaebelimaea), is transferred to E. (Orthelimaea), comb. n., E. (R.) curvicercata (Brunner, 1891) is removed from synonymy under E. (R.) parum- punctata (Serville, 1839). Elimaea subcarinata (Stål, 1861) is removed from synonymy under E. chloris (De Haan, 1842) and regarded a valid species with E. appendiculata Brunner, 1878 as a new synonym (the latter is not identical with E. punctifera (Walker, 1869)). E. chloris and espe- cially E. punctifera have a much more restricted distribution than previously thought. The female of E. (Hemielimaea) procera (Ingrisch, 1990), and the male of E. (H.) cucullata (Ingrisch, 1990) are described for the first time. Information on stridulation of Ectadia fulva Brunner, 1893, Eli- maea (E.) chloris, E. (E.) subcarinata, E. (E.) thaii and E. (H.) cucullata is given. S. Ingrisch, Eichendorffweg 4, D-34385 Bad Karlshafen. E-mail: [email protected] Key words. – Elimaeini, Phaneropterinae, South East Asia, phylogeny, key to species, taxono- my, new species, stridulation
The Phaneropterinae were divided into several It was divided into three subgenera by Karny (1926a): groups by Brunner (1878) and these may be regarded Orthelimaea, Rhaebelimaea, and Elimaea s. str. While as tribes in present day taxonomy (e.g. Bei-Bienko the anterior femur is straight in Orthelimaea, it is 1965). The tribe Elimaeini Yakobson, 1905 (group curved in Elimaea and Rhaebelimaea. The latter sub- Elimaeae Brunner, 1878) consists so far of only three genera differ in the radius sector branching before or genera, Elimaea Stål, 1874, Hemielimaea Brunner, about in the middle of the tegmen. Hemielimaea dif- 1878, and Ectadia Brunner, 1878, all occurring in the fers from Elimaea by the tibial tympanum which is Oriental region. It is thought to be most closely relat- open on external and covered by a conchate fold on ed with the African and Mediterranean Acrometopini internal side, while in Elimaea it is covered by a con- and the Oriental Mirolliini (Brunner 1878). chate fold of the integument on both sides. Hemieli- The genus most rich in species, Elimaea Stål, 1874, maea species are so far only known from China and contains a few widespread and numerous local species Indochina, while the distribution of Elimaea s. lat. (Brunner 1878, 1891, Kirby 1906, Hebard 1922a, reaches from India to the Sunda Islands and the Karny 1926a-c, 1931, Tinkham 1943, Bei-Bienko Philippines (map 1). 1951, 1962, 1965, Ingrisch 1990a, Jin & Xia 1994). The species of the Elimaeini belong to the com-
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mon Phaneropterinae in South East Asia. They can tabular key to the species from Java, Sumatra, Menta- be found in primary forests as well as in secondary wei Islands, Malay Peninsula and Thailand. The re- vegetation. They live in the lower vegetation as shrubs striction to that area is for practical reasons, as no new and grasses and are thus amongst the first katydids to material from other areas has been available to me. be met when looking for Orthoptera in tropical Asia. Especially the species from Vietnam and China can- Their activity is largely nocturnal. During day time not be revised without extensive new material as sev- they are often found sitting along the central vein of a eral of the types are lost (see checklist below). The leaf with the fore legs and antennae stretched anteri- present paper includes most of the species previously orly. In doing so, the head fits in the phasmid-like assigned to Rhaebelimaea, except those from Borneo curvature of the anterior femora which is found in and the Philippines, and it includes a redescription of some of the taxa. The middle and the hind legs are the types of the “classical” species of Elimaea s. str. pressed together and spread in an acute angle from which were most difficult to differentiate and often the body (figs. 152-153, 155). wrongly identified. The great species diversity of Elimaea in South East The consideration of the new diagnostic characters Asia was noted by Hebard (1922a) and Karny makes it necessary to discuss the relations between the (1926a). Despite this, many species are not well de- genera and subgenera anew on a phylogenetic basis. A scribed, and it is difficult to identify Elimaea species checklist of the taxa of the Elimaeini is provided. De- without re-examining the types or specimens from scriptions of species are restricted to new or insuffi- the type localities. This is especially true for the ciently known species. species of the subgenus Elimaea s. str. which cannot D be identified with certainty on the basis of the previ- ously used characters. Thus it became necessary to Material examined for this study is deposited in the find new differentiating characters. The characters following collections: that were most commonly used to identify Elimaea The Natural History Museum, London, species are the tegminal venation (i.e. the branching England of the radius sector), male and female subgenital Private collection of S. Ingrisch, Bad Karls- plates, male cerci, and coloration. Coloration can, hafen, Germany, will later be deposited in a however, be greatly variable within species. The sub- museum genital plates also show some individual variation Department of Agriculture, Entomology (compare e.g. figs. 57 and 58) and, unfortunately, its and Zoology Division, Chatuchak, Bangkok, shape in museum specimens may have changed due to Thailand desiccation after death (compare e.g. figs. 59 and 60). Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Genoa, Italy Examination of material from the museums in Bo- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor, gor (Indonesia), Leiden (The Netherlands) and Ge- Indonesia noa (Italy) and my collection from Thailand, Sumatra Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria and Java revealed two facts: (1) The number of species Museum National d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, and the regional diversity is even greater than previ- France ously thought; and (2) there are additional distinctive Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, characters that allow - together with those previously The Netherlands described - a clear distinction between the species in Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, both sexes. Those characters are, in males: (1) the Sweden stridulatory file on the underside of the left tegmen, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum and (2) sclerotised structures of the phallus which Senckenberg, Frankfurt/M, Germany consist of a pair of conchate (mussel-shaped) sclerites Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, India. with serrate margin and sometimes with an addition- al unpaired sclerotised projection. Those sclerotised M structures are characteristic for the species of Rhaebe- limaea and Hemielimaea. In females, the gonangulum Stridulation of one species each of Ectadia, Hemieli- (a lateral sclerite at the base of the ovipositor) can be maea and Rhaebelimaea and that of three morphologi- provided with an appendage of variable shape at the cally similar species of Elimaea s. str. were so far record- ventral margin. In some cases the corresponding area ed. Recording of the song of E. chloris was done in the of the ventral ovipositor valves is also modified. field, that of the other species in wooden cages with The purpose of the present paper is to show the gauze walls in the laboratory. In Phaneropterinae, there distinctiveness of the new and previously recognised is usually a male-female response stridulation (Heller characters. This may be the basis for a future revision 1990). With one exception, only the male songs which of the genus. The results are presented in form of a are more distinctive were studied. All recordings were
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