Vol. XVIII No. 9 September, 1963 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN 8 FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RO. (corner Fairfax Rd.). London, N.W.S Office and Consulting Hours: Telephone : MAIda Vale 9096/7 (General Office and Welfare for the Aged). Monday to Ttiursday 10 a.m.-l p.m. 3-6 p.m MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annuallv licensed by the L.C.C., Friday 10 a.m.-l p.m. and Social Services Dept.)

A NEW YEAR W. Breslauer ^^On the occasion of the forthcoming Jewish «oly-days the Executive extends to all AJR members its best wishes for a happy and pros­ DIE WITWENRENTE IM ENTSCHAEDIGUNGSRECHT perous New Year. Seldom has the inter­ dependence of political events and individual Luecken im neuen Entwurf security been brought home to us in a more conspicuous way than in the course of the Past year, when, for several days, we were Es war eines der Ziele der national­ Es wurde ferner geltend gemacht, dass ''.'I the brink of war. It is gratifying that, sozialistischen Machthaber, die Juden aus der Wiederaufbau einer nachhaltig ^ince then, the horizon has brightened and dem deutschen Wirtschaftsleben auszumer­ gesicherten Existenz in den Faellen, in Juat thus the New Year commences under zen. Dieses Ziel haben sie restlos durch­ denen frueher Selbstaendige nach dem "lore auspicious circumstances. gesetzt. Es musste daher eine wesentliche Gesetz eine Rente erhalten koennen, nicht Aufgabe der Entschaedigungsgesetzgebung gelungen ist: der schwere Kampf um die In the Jewish sphere, happenings of import- sein, den Juden aus Deutschland, ebenso Erringung einer solchen, meist unter ganz ^'ice have always been recorded in this journal, and there is no need for summing natuerlich auch den nichtjuedischen Ver­ ungewohnten Verhaeltnissen im Ausland Jlem up in this brief message. For the AJR, folgten, einen Anspruch auf Entschaedi­ gefuehrt, hat Ersparnisse nicht ermoeg­ iast year's achievements include the opening gung fuer ihre Verluste im beruflichen licht. Schliesslich vmrde betont, dass, SJ a fourth Old Age Home (Heinrich Stahl Fortkommen zu gewaehren. Zur Abgeltung soweit Entschaedigung gewaehrt wird, sie «ouse) and of a Home for more infirm elderly dieses Anspruchs sieht das Bundesent­ den Beamtenpensionen angepasst ist—zu people (Osmond House), both jointly adminis­ schaedigungsgesetz (BEG) eine Kapitalent­ diesen aber gehoert, nach langjaehriger tered with the Central British Fund. The schaedigung von hoechstens 40.000.-DM Praxis, die Gewaehrung einer Witwen­ f ° most essential immediate tasks of the Oder, nach Wahl des Verfolgten, eine rente ; ohne eine solche waeren die Bezuege forthcoming year are the erection of the *iatlet Home in Highgate and the establish- lebenslaengliche Rente vor. unzureichend. jnent of the new AJR Club premises at Swiss Das Recht der Rentenwahl faellt bei Ver­ Der Gesetzgeber hat dies eingesehen und '-ottage. folgten mit frueher selbstaendiger Berufs­ taetigkeit grundsaetzlich fort, wenn und die im Jahre 1956 ergangene Neufassung .At the same time, the present and previous sobald sie durch Aufnahme einer neuen des BEG sieht in Par. 85 und 97 im Prinzip «sues of AJR Information have confirmed Erwerbstaetigkeit wieder eine Lebens­ eine Witwenrente in Hoehe von 60 per cent Saf ^ the need for a strong organisation which der Rente vor, die dem Verfolgten selbst .^teguards the interests of the former refugees grundlage gewonnen haben, die ihnen und zugestanden hat. Dieses Recht auf eine jj .questions of restitution and compensation. ihren unterhaltsberechtigten Familienange­ Rente ist aber bedauerlicherweise nur den­ Edging from the demand for copies of the hoerigen nachhaltig eine ihrer Berufsaus­ jenigen Witwen eingeraeumt worden, deren gi^Sust edition, this need seems to be realised bildung entsprechende Lebensfuehrung Ehemaenner den Zeitpunkt des Inkraft­ frn ^ Quite a few who otherwise keep aloof einschliesslich einer angemessenen Versor­ oni'^ the AJR. As before, this journal can gung fuer ihr Alter und ihre Hinter­ tretens des BEG in seiner Fassung von my be obtained by those who, as members, bliebenen sichert. Bei frueher Unselb­ 1953, d.h. den 1. Oktober 1953, noch erlebt ^^"^nianently support the work of the AJR, staendigen ist das Recht der Rentenwahl haben. Hierdurch sind zahlreiche betagte ini? *^^'"e is no reason why others, who, von der Erwerbstaetigkeit nach der Ver­ g»'*£ectly or directly, also benefit from our Continued on page 2, column 1 in, 1 should not also share the liabilities folgung unabhaengig, aber auf Betagte j'yolved. At the same time, Rosh Hashana (Maenner 65, Frauen 60 Jahre) und auf jjjp es us as a welcome opportunity for thank- nicht mehr als 50 per cent Arbeitsfaehige Council of Jews from Germony , s all our members for their constant loyalty beschraenkt. Association of Jewish Refugees "^ur common cause. Fuer die Bemessung der Kapitalent­ siBn^fi forthcoming year is also of general schaedigung und der Rente werden die Ver­ g^nificance for our community. In November, folgten in Kategorien der Bundesbeamten- MEETING By Jears will have elapsed since the mass schaft (einfacher, mittlerer, gehobener und start ^ of the Jews from Central Europe hoeherer Dienst) eingestuft. Diese "Ver- P

Page 2 AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 storbenen gegangen sein. Aber auch wenn Die Witivenrente im Entschaedigungsrecht die Witwe, meist eine alte, erwerbsun­ Continued from page 1 von denen die eine sich auf die Witwen faehige Frau, die Kapitalentschaedigung Frauen, die mit ihren Ehemaennern unter frueher Selbstaendiger, die andere auf die ganz Oder teilweise selbst erhalten hat, der Verfolgung gelitten haben—bei Witwen frueher Unselbstaendiger bezieht. duerfte sie einen solchen Kapitalbetrag in juedischen Verfolgten nicht seiten Fuer frueher selbstaendig Berufstaetige dem schweren Lebenskampf verbraucht " arische " Ehefrauen, die ihren Maennern bestimmt das BEG in Par. 86 (4) : haben, ehe sie, fruehestens neunzehn Jahre die Treue bewahrt haben—von dem Ren­ " Sind auf den Anspruch des Verfolgten nach dem Ende des Naziregimes, in den tenwahlrecht ausgeschlossen worden. wegen Schadens im beruflichen Fortkommen Genuss der Witwenrente kommt. Gerade sie aber sind durch den fruehen bereits Leistungen bewirkt worden, so sind Die Einschraenkung der Versorgung der Verlust des Lebenskameraden besonders diese auf die Rente und auf die Entschaedi­ " vor-1953er " Witwen dahingehend, dass schwer betroffen. gung fuer die Zeit vor dem Tode des Ver­ ihnen nicht, wie sonst im Gesetz, voffl Von dem Augenblick an, in dem sich die folgten voll anzurechnen. Dies gilt auch Todestage ab, sondern erst ab. 1. Januar Moeglichkeit eroeffnete, durch erneute dann, wenn diese Leistungen an einen 1960 die Witwenrente gewaehrt wird, ist Gesetzgebung, das jetzt endlich im Entwurf Dritten bezahlt worden sind." daher nur tragbar, wenn in dem Para­ vorliegende sogenannte Entschaedigungs- Die hiernach anzurechnende Kapitalent­ graphen betreffend die Anrechnung der schlussgesetz, die Luecken des BEG 1956 schaedigung ist von den Verhaeltnissen des Kapitalentschaedigung ein Zusatz gemacht zu fuelien, hat es der Council of Jews from Einzelfalles (Zeit der Berufsverdraengung, wird, der etwa lauten muesste : Germany als seine vornehmste Aufgabe Alter des Verfolgten, Todeszeitpunkt, ver­ "Eine Anrechnung auf zukuenftig^ angesehen, diesen Frauen zu helfen. gleichbare Beamtengruppe) abhaengig. Sie Witwenrenten entfaellt in Faellen, i" Schriftlich und muendlich hat er die kann in den Faellen Verfolgter, die vor denen der Verfolgte vor dem 1. Oktobef Witwenrente der vor Oktober 1953 Verstor­ dem 1. Oktober 1953 verstorben sind, bei 1953 verstorben ist, insoweit als die benen als seine wichtigste Forderung den beiden unteren Gruppen vergleich­ gezahlten Betraege diejenigen nicht bezeichnet. barer Bundesbeamter bis annaehernd uebersteigen, die der Witwe zustehen 25.000.-DM bzw. 35.000.-DM betragen, bei wuerden, wenn ihr die Rente ab 1. Okto­ Unzureichende Regelung bei den beiden hoeheren Gruppen den Hoechst­ ber 1953 zugestanden haette." Todesfall vor 1953 betrag von 40.000.-DM erreicht haben. Renten bei unselbstaendiger Im Prinzip haben diese Bemuehungen Die jaehrliche Witwenrente wird im Berufstaetigkeit nun einen gewissen Erfolg gehabt. Die guenstigsten Falle, naemlich wenn der Ver­ Wie bei den Witwen frueher Selbstaen­ Witwe eines Verfolgten soil jetzt eine folgte vor dem 1. Oktober 1898 geboren diger so wird auch bei denen frueher Berufsschadensrente auch dann verlangen war, bei den beiden unteren Gruppen Unselbstaendiger der Text des Entwurfs koennen, wenn der Ehemann vor dem 1. DM 1.913.-bzw. DM 2.714.-, bei den beiden dem Zweck einer angemessenen Versor­ Oktober 1953 verstorben ist. Waehrend hoeheren Gruppen DM 4.226.-bzw. gung fuer die Zukunft nicht gerecht. ^^ aber in den Faellen, in denen der Verfolgte DM 5.292.- betragen. War der Verfolgte diesen Faellen wird als Rente nicht ein nach diesem Zeitpunkt verstorben ist, die nach dem 1. Oktober 1898 geboren, so ist fester, aus einer Tabelle abzulesender Witwenrente vom Todestage ab gewaehrt die Witwenrente noch geringer. Betrag gewaehrt, sondern ein bestimmter wird, soil sie in den Faellen, in denen der Wenn man beruecksichtigt, dass die Wit­ Bruchteil der dem Verfolgten zustehenden Todestag vor dem 1. Oktober 1953 liegt, wenrenten ab 1. Januar 1960 gewaehrt Kapitalentschaedigung. Zurzeit ist die erst ab 1. Januar 1960 gewaehrt werden. werden sollen und die rueckstaendigen Teilungszahl 3.6, wenn der Verfolgte zt"" Man kann wohl annehmen, dass diese ein­ Renten mit der zur Anrechnung gelangen- Zeit der Entstehung des Rentenrechts das schraenkung in erster Linie auf fiskalische den Kapitalentschaedigung zu verrechnen 55. Lebensjahr erreicht hat oder, wenn er Erwaegungen zurueckgeht: man wollte sind, so ergibt sich als Resultat, dass immer­ nicht verstorben waere, erreicht haette. vermeiden, in einer nennenswerten Zahl hin noch sehr erhebliche Betraege erst auf Das bedeutet, dass wenn die Kapitalent­ von Faellen erhebliche Zahlungen fuer die zukuenftige Rentenzahlungen zu verrech­ schaedigung beispielsweise DM 5.400.- Vergangenheit machen zu muessen. Die nen waeren. Bei den oben erwaehnten betraegt, die Jahresrente des VerfolgteO amtliche Begruendung zum Gesetz enthaelt Beipielen wuerden Witwen der hoechsten nur DM 1.500.-ausmacht, die Witwenrente aber nicht diesen Grund, sondern zwei Gruppe noch fast vier Jahr, die der niedrig- 60% hiervon, d.h. DM 900. Bei Berechtig­ andere. Die Einschraenkung, so heisst es, sten—die ohnehin am unguenstigsten dran ten, die nicht wegen ihres Alters (von 65 beruhe einmal auf " denselben rechts- sind—eventuell noch bis etwa neun Jahre Jahren oder mehr bei Maennern), sondern systematischen Gruenden, die bisher zur zu warten haben, bis ihnen die in der wegen mindestens 50%iger Erwerbs- Versagung der Witwenrente" gefuehrt Begruendung des neuen Gesetzes ver- beschraenktheit die Rente beziehen und die haben und sie sei ausserdem deshalb sprochene " Versorgung fuer die Zukunft " Continued on page 3, column 1 erfolgt, weil "durch die Neubegruendung wirklich gewaehrt wird—falls sie nicht bis eines Witwenrechts vor allem die Versor­ dahin verstorben sind. gung der Hinterbliebenen fuer die Zukunft -Nun soil nicht behauptet werden, dass INVEST YOUR SURPLUS CAPITAL sichergestellt werden soil." die Abrechnung in alien Faellen so unguen­ Dem ersten Grund muss ganz prinzipiell stig ausfallen wuerde. Bei Verfolgten IN widersprochen werden. Die Idee ist offen­ hoeheren Alters, die etwa noch in den bar, dass ein Recht, das der Verstorbene 1930er Jahren oder der ersten Haelfte der nicht ausueben konnte, weil das 1940er Jahre verstorben sind, ist die TRUSTEE Entschaedigungsgesetz zu seinen Lebzeiten anzurechnende Kapitalentschaedigung viel noch nicht bestand, " logischerweise " auch geringer, und in diesen Faellen wuerde die seiner Witwe nicht zustehen koennte. Diese Witwenversorgung, auch wenn der Entwuri INVESTMENTS Begruendung ist umso weniger berechtigt, nicht geaendert wird, alsbald in Kraft als die Entschaedigungsansprueche im treten. Aber die Tatsache allein, dass der which are : Grunde nichts anderes sind als Ansprueche Entwurf in einer grossen Anzahl von auf Ersatz fuer zugefuegtes Unrecht, die Faellen den beabsichtigten Zweck der schon nach allgemeinen Rechtsgrundsaet­ " Versorgung fuer die Zukunft" nicht 1. Fully secured on property. zen begruendet waren und nur mit Rueck­ erreicht, macht eine Aenderung unbedingt sicht auf die besonderen Verhaeltnisse erforderlich. 2. Guaranteed at an Interest Rate durch die Entschaedigungsgesetzgebung Gegen diese unsere Forderung kann of between 6%-8% per annum* naeher bestimmt werden mussten. nicht etwa eingewandt werden, dass die Der zweite Grund hingegen scheint Witwen, die ihre Rente nicht alsbald aus­ For further information contact : zunaechst etwas fuer sich zu haben. Man gezahlt erhalten, ja auf die gewaehrte 3. Insured against inflation by o koennte sich, wenn auch bedauernd, mit Kapitalentschaedigung zurueckgreifen unique built-in safeguard. der Einschraenkung auf die Jahre ab 1960 koennen. Denn das Gesetz bestiramt ja abfinden, wenn die Bestimmung im Zusam­ ausdruecklich, dass die Anrechnung auch menhang mit den anderen Klauseln des erfolgt, wenn die Zahlung der Kapitalent­ Mr. P. Abbey (London Consultant) I gleichen Gesetzes " die Versorgung der schaedigung an ganz andere Erben des Ver­ Hinterbliebenen fuer die Zukunft" wirk­ folgten als die Witwe gegangen ist. Die BRICE, T.4RRY & CO., LTD- lich sicherstellen wuerde. Dieses Ziel wird Zahlung kann vielleicht auf Grund des aber nicht erreicht, solange nicht in die Testaments oder des gesetzlichen Erbrechts Telephone : CHAncery 2345 jetzige Fassung des Entwurfs zwei zusaetz­ ganz Oder teilweise an Kinder—vielleicht Evening, WORdsworth 1148 liche Bestimmungen eingefuegt werden, Stiefkinder—oder Geschwister des Ver- AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 Page 3

zuzahlenden Rente gewaehrt werden kann. Die Witwenrente im Entschaedigungsrecht Die oberwaehnte Bestimmung bezieht sich nur auf Personen, dene eine Rente Continued from page 2 geringer als die der vor 1953 im Ausland bereits zuerkannt war. Im Interesse Oder im Gebiet der Bundesrepublik Ver­ derjenigen, die waehrend der Anschluss­ am Stichtag weniger als 55 Jahr alt waren, storbenen. Es besteht daher kein nennens­ zeit das pensionsfaehige Alter erreicht !st die Teilungszahl 5.4, die Rente also noch wertes finanzielles Interesse fuer die haben und weil sie emigriert waren nicht Wesentlich kleiner. Bundesrepublik, den Anspruch von einem um Zuerkennung der Altersrente einge­ Nun ist gerade bei vor 1953 Verstorbenen besonderen Haertenachweis abhaengig zu kommen sind, bezw. im Interesse deren die Kapitalentschaedigung oft sehr gering, machen. Ein solcher erfordert stets einen Angehoeriger, verfuegt eine im Artikel II. Weil sie ja bis zum Todestag (oder bis zur erheblichen Arbeitsaufwand fuer die der 11. Novelle enthaltene Uebergangs- Erreichung einer nachhaltig ausreichenden Beteiligten und fuer die Behoerden—und bestimmung Folgendes : Lebensstellung) zu berechnen ist. Faelle, der Sachkundige weiss, dass nicht immer " Personen, die aus einem der im in denen sie noch geringer ist als in dem derjenige der Beduerftigste ist, der sich vwsteiiend gegebenen Beispiel sind gar­ § 500 Abs. 1 des ASVG, BGBl. 189/1955, als solcher bezeichnet. Es ist daher zu angefuehrten Gruende in der Zeit nicht seiten. Eine Witwenrente von 900.- hoffen, dass die Bestimmung aus dem DM Oder sogar noch weniger ist aber keine zwischen dem 13. Maerz 1938 und dem Gebiet der Haerteklausel in das der 9. Mai 1945 daran gehindert waren, die die Versorgu7ig der Hinterbliebenen fuer allgemeinen Bestimmungen des Gesetzes die Zukunft sicherstellende Zahlung. Es ihnen nach den jeweils in Geltung ueberfuehrt wird, sodass auch diesen gestandenen Bestimmungen zustehenden 1st daher erforderlich, dass eine Bestim- Witwen ihr voiles Recht wird. ^ung aufgenommen wird, die etwa wie Leistungsansprueche aus dem Versiche­ lolgt zu lauten haette : rungsfall des Alters (einschliesslich der Altersfuersorge) geltend zu machen, ist " Ist der Verfolgte vor Inkrafttreten ERHOEHUNG DER RENTEN AUF GRUND diese Leistung fuer die Zeit, ab der sie des Gesetzes verstorben, so ist fuer die DES BEG bei rechtzeitiger Antragstellung gebuehrt ^erechnung der Witwenrente als Kapi­ haette, bis zum 9. Mai 1945 auf Antrag talentschaedigung derjenige Betrag Im Bundesgesetzblatt No. 48/63 vom 15. nachzuzahlen. Das gleiche gilt fuer anzunehmen, der zu gewaehren waere, August 1963 Seite 625 ist die Verordnung Leistungen aus dem Versicherungsfall Wenn der Verfolgte am 1. Oktober, 1953 vom 7. August 1963 ueber Erhoehung der des Todes, wenn auf den Verstorbenen verstorben waere, es sei denn, dass der Renten fuer Schaden an Leben, Koerper die Voraussetzungen des § 500 Abs. Entschaedigungszeitraum zu einem und Gesundheit und Schaden im beruf­ 1 des ASVG zutreffen ". frueheren Zeitpunkt durch Erreichung lichen Fortkommen veroeffentlicht. Es einer nachhaltig au.sreichenden Lebens- sind Erhoehungen erfolgt, die zwischen 5 Bedauerlicherweise werden diese Bestim­ Qrundlage geendet hat". und 10% liegen und ab 1.7.1962 in Kraft mungen, die 18 Jahre nach Kriegsende treten. Gesetz geworden sind, nur noch den Geschieht dies nicht, so wuerde auch Die Neuberechnung der Renten erfolgt "j^ch dem neuen Gesetz diese Gruppe der wenigen Ueberlebenden helfen. Um so von Amtswegen, so dass es nicht noetig ist, wichtiger ist es aber, dass alle diese alten Witwen doppelt geschaedigt sein: durch einen besonderen Antrag zu stellen. Diese aen fruehzeitigen Tod des Lebenskamera- Personen von ihren Freunden und Erhoehungen sind erfolgt, um den Bekannten auf die nunmehr bestehenden uen und durch den besonders unguenstig inzwischen eingetretenen Ernoehungen der "^erechneten Schadensbetrag. Moeglichkeiten aufmerksam gemacht Beamtengehaelter Rechnung zu tragen. werden. Verfolgte aus ostdeutschen Gebieten Es sei ferner bemerkt, dass Antraege OESTERREICHISCHE auf Anrechnung der Emigrationszeit im Schliesslich ist noch eine andere Gruppe SOZIALVERSICHERUNG Sinne der 11. Novelle ASVG nunmehr bis Von Witwen in der bisherigen Regelung zum 31. Dezember 1964 gestellt werden Unberuecksichtigt geblieben. Es handelt Bekanntlich haben die seinerzeit koennen. sich um die Witwen von Verfolgten, die zwischen den Repraesentanten des Com­ DR. C. KAPRALIK. T^tcht tm Gebiet der Bundesrepublik oder mittee for Jewish Claims on Austria und '•n Berlin, sondern in anderen Gebieten des der oesterreictiischen Bundesregierung Fuer weitere Auskuenfte steht die Y^eheren Deutschen Reiches (einschliess- gefuehrten Verhandlungen dazu gefuehrt, United Restitution Organisation (URO). 1? Danzi^^ verstorben sind. Wenn also dass Sozialversicherungspensionen vom 1. Austrian Desk, 183/9 Finchley Road, PJwa ein Verfolgter aus Breslau oder Mai 1945, also vom Zeitpunkt der Wieder­ N.W.3 (KILburn 0021) zur Verfuegung. *iagdeburg, der aus seinem Beruf ver- herstellung der Republik Oesterreich «raengt war, dort 1940 verstorben ist, nachgezahlt worden sind. Hingegen nahm ^lelleicht weii er sich nicht rechtzeitig zur die oesterreichische Bundesversicherung Auswanderung entschlossen hat, vielleicht den Standpunkt ein, dass sie fuer die «Uch weil ihm die Gestapo die noetigen Nichtzahlung der Renten waehrend der ^.nsreisepapiere verweigert hat, so gehen Besetzung Oesterreichs durch Nazi- ^le Erben, darunter die Witwe, leer aus. Deutschland nicht verantwortlich sei. Dem puch auf diese Ungerechtigkeit ist vom Draengen der Betroffenen nachgebend, hat mm J-puncil of Jews from Germany wiederholt das oesterreichische Parlament im Dezem­ ningewiesen worden, und in letzter Stunde ber. 1961 (9. Novelle zum ASVG) be­ st auf Veranlassung des jetzigen Bundes- schlossen, den in Oesterreich wohnenden ^nanzministers eine Bestimmung in den Pensionisten, deren Altersrenten waehrend gJ?^*urf eingefuehrt worden, zu der die der Anschlussperiode nicht gezahlt wurden, ''nitiiche Begruendung das Folgende sagt: diese Pensionen nachzuzahlen. Die Be­ ^fq. " Diese territoriale Abgrenzung des schraenkung dieser Nachzahlungen auf in Anspruchs kann dann zu einer besonderen Oesterreich wohnende Personen bedeutete S^srte fuehren, wenn der ueberlebende eine Diskriminierung, gegen die das Com­ fhegatte des Verfolgten selbst Verfolgter ist mittee for Jewish Claims on Austria aus ^der zumindest von der Veriolgung mit- prinzipiellen Gruenden Vorstellungen iif V ^^° ist. In diesen Faellen wird erhoben hat. Whether you travel for busi­ ^sbesondere die Witwe meist durch die ness or to get away from it, *erfolgung des Ehemannes nachhaltig Die von dem Committee unternommenen PELTOURS vrill be glad to geschaedigt worden sein und vielfach in Schritte haben nunmehr dazu gefuehrt, arrange any trip you have in °?schraenkten wirtschaftlichen Verhaelt- dass die juengst erlassene 11. Novelle zum mind. Our individual service nissen leben. Sie kann deshalb, wenn sie ASVG (BGBl. 184/1963) eine Bestimmung takes care of everything con­ nicht wieder geheiratet hat—nach dem enthaelt, wonach bereits zuerkannte Renten nected with travelling, ^-ntwurf—im Wege des Haerteausgleichs und Pensionen. die jedoch waehrend der from passports to travel oeruecksichtigt werden ". Anschlusszeit nicht ausgezahlt worden sind, reservations and hotel bookings and, of course Rp 1 Ungerechtigkeit der bisherigen nunmehr auch an im Auslande wohnende there is no charge ip~,S^lung ist also anerkannt worden. Es ist Personen nachzuzahlen sind. Da der whatever for the J^aoch bedauerlich, dass Abhilfe nur im Nominalbetrag der Renten gemaess den facility. jj^ge einer Haerteklausel erfolgen soil, damaligen Waehrungsverhaeltnissen gering gjJJ- dass in jedem Einzelfall das Vorliegen ist, bestimmt das Gesetz, dass wenn der uer besonderen Haerte nachzuweisen Rentenberechtigte beduerftig ist, ein PELTOURS l^ffl ''aere. Die Zahl dieser Faelle ist weit Zuschlag bis zum Fuenffachen der nach- 29 DUKE ST LONOON Wl VV •. N J j5 Page 4 AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 NEWS FROM ABROAD S.A. JEWRY AND APARTHEID At a gathering of deputies and other repre­ JUDAISM AND THE VATICAN sentative members of the Johannesburg com­ JEWRY IN THE EAST munity Mr. Arthur Suzman, Q.C., chairman The great sorrow felt by Jews all over the "Profiteering" on Matzot of the public relations committee of the Board world when Pope John XXIII passed away was of Deputies, foreshadowed a tentative grappling by the Jewish community with the to a large extent due to his generous efforts Three Jews appeared before a Moscow Court to appeal against their sentences for alleged nettle of apartheid. Mr. Suzman felt that towards reconciliation and co-operation profiteering from the sale of matzot during though there was no collective Jewish attitude between Judaism and Roman Catholicism. His Passover. Western newspaper and news agency on political issues, there is or should be a decision to eliminate certain passages from the correspondents were, however, debarred from common attitude on moral issues. liturgy which were offensive to Jews and likely the hearing. One appellant had been sen­ Mr. Suzman said that Jewish ofificial institu­ to perpetuate Christian animosity against them tenced to twelve months' imprisonment and tions such as the Board of Deputies or the was indicative of his enlightened approach to the two others to six months each. Zionist Federation could not, and should not, the deeper causes of antisemitism. Senator Jacob Javits, of New York, on the enter the political arena either on national floor of the Senate described as " Stalinist- pohtics or on international policies. But it Fortunately, his successor. Pope Paul VI, type persecution" the trial and conviction of was not the Board's function to attempt to seems to hold identical views and to be deter­ these people. " This act of the Soviet Govem­ silence or coerce individual Jews who, impelled mined to continue the Vatican's friendlier ment is bound to stir up religious prejudices by their conscience, spoke out either .as attitude to Judaism. In tliis connection it is and the dangers of religious persecution," he individuals or as members of political parties significant that an ofiBcial delegation of the said. whether for or against particular policies. Five or six whites recently arrested in South Govemment of Israel attended the coronation Scientist Called In of Pope Paul VI although so far Israel enter­ Africa were Jews. The arrests took place in tains no ofiBcial diplomatic relations with the Professor Semyon Isaakovitc Volfkovitch, a the home of Mr. Arthur Goldreich, a former Jewish scientist, has been called in to increase student at the Haifa Technion and a well- Vatican. There is, however, reason to presume known artist who designed the costumes and that the question of diplomatic relations the range and raise the output of chemicals required by Russia's agricultural expansion sets for the musical " King Kong ". Arrested between Israel and the Vatican is being plans. with him was his wife Hazel. Twelve non- explored by either side. It is also of great whites were also arrested at the time.—(J.C.) interest that President Kennedy had included Synagogue " Interference " Rabbi Dr. Louis Finkelstein, President of the Moscow's Chief Rabbi, Rabbi Yehuda Leib GREEK COLLABORATOR FREED New York Jewish Theological Seminary, as a Levin, wrote to the Israeli Ambassador to member of the American delegation repre­ Russia and to Rabbi Itzhak Nissim, the Chief senting the United States at Pope Paul's Rabbi of Israel, complaining that Embassy Josif Rekanati, a converted Greek Jew sen­ coronation. There can be no doubt that this oflicials have been " interfering " in synagogue tenced to death by a Greek court in 1947 for affairs. The letter named Mr. Arieh Arad, an wilhng collaboration with the Nazis in handing can only have been done after the Vatican's over Jews who had gone into hiding during the agreement to this unprecedented choice of a ofiicial at the Israeli Embassy in Moscow, and said that he had been distributing prayer war, and whose sentence was commuted to Jewish delegate had been obtained. shawls, tefilin and prayer books, thus causing imprisonment, has been released. According to the Italian periodical II Punto. disturbances among the congregation. The action was taken under recently adopted the Ecumenical Council—which presumably In his reply Rabbi Nissim expressed surprise " leniency laws ", when two other collaborators will resume its meetings in the autumn—will at Rabbi Levin's letter, stating that he felt the and 14 Communists were also released, and study a document which is at present being Moscow Chief Rabbi's charges were based on has been widely criticised. A delegation from unproven facts. But, if Embassy oflBcials really the Central Board of Jewish Communities prepared by the Secretariat of Christian Unity lodged a strong protest at Rekanati's release and which is meant to redefine the attitude of tried to help Jews to fulfil their religious needs, they should be congratulated on the big when they were received by the Greek Minister the Church to the prosecution and the death of mitzva they performed. of Justice.—(J.C.) Jesus. According to this source, this document is inspired by the idea that only a few indi­ viduals, but not the whole Jewish people, are American Letter in "Izvestia" PROFESSOR ARTHUR ISRAEL 80 to be made responsible for Jesus' death. This In an open letter to Izvestia, three American- would invalidate the thesis that God has cursed Jewish leaders have accused the Russians of Professor Arthur Israel, New York, cele­ the Jewish people for it " shocking distortions " in their allegations of brated his 80th birthday. Prior to 1933 he was Cardinal Bea, who is in charge of the Secre­ antisemitism in the U.S.A. The letter asserts first Deputy Director of the Surgical Depart­ that the Soviet Government was deliberately ment and later on head of the Hamburg tariat for Christian Unity and who was born in spreading false information about the extent University Hospital. Germany, seems to consider a kind of Liaison of antisemitism in America to draw attention Committee between the Vatican, Protestants away from Russia's ofiBcial policy of discrimi­ and Jews to further the co-operation between nation against her three million Jewish these religions. Should this basic reorientation citizens. of Christian views on Judaism come into effect The writers did not deny that antisemitism it is bound to have far-reaching, most welcome, was present in America, but it was at its consequences. lowest level in American history and could in no way be compared with the situation in Ackermans NAZIS IN ITALY Russia where " Soviet Jews are deprived bv official policy of religious and cultural rights ". A number of Genoese Jews have received a —(J.C.) neo-Nazi manifesto through the post, High Post for Polish Jew Chocolates apparently mailed from La Spezia. The mani­ festo calls on all Italians to "fight with us Dr. Adam Schaff, the son of an Orthodox De Luxe against Communists, Jews and homosexuals, to Jew, has been elected a member of the ideo­ cure our fatherland of the subversive pest logical committee of the Polish Communist IN BEAUTIFULLY seeking to destroy it ", and calls for a " boycott Party. He has the reputation of being one of DESIGNED of our enemies" and the "marking of the the most outstanding Marxist theoreticians in infamous Star of David on the shops of Jews the Communist world. PRESENTATION and the houses of Communists and homo­ BOXES sexuals." Bialystok Ghetto Uprising It concludes by urging a " united, great, free MARZIPAN Europe under the circle of European Nazi- On August 16, the 20th anniversary of the fascism—We shall win! Viva Mussolini! HeU Bialystok Ghetto Uprising, a public meeting SPECIALITIES Hitler ! " and is signed by " The Circle- was held in the city's municipal building, Italian Section." wreaths were laid at the graves of victims of DIABETIC Complaints have been made to the police the Nazis, and a monument was dedicated to about the document and first inquiries point the Jewish heroes of the Uprising. CHOCOLATES to its being the work of extremist members A monument was also unveiled on the site of the neo-fascist party represented in the of the ruins of the Bialystok Synagogue which 43, KENSINGTON CHURCH ST., the Nazis bumed down.—(J.C.) Italian Parliament, the Movimento Sociale LONDON, W.i Italiano, which has connections with other extreme right-wing organisations in GJermany, Monuments to Martyrs WES. 4359 and Latin America and elsewhere. After a meeting with representatives of 9, GOLDHURST TERRACE, Swastikas and fascist symbols and the words the Jewish community, the Warsaw municipal FINCHLEY ROAD, N.W.6 "Duce" and "M.S.I." daybed on buildings authorities have decided to erect a monument appeared at the same time in Rome, where in the grounds of the old Jewish cemetery in MAI 2742 there are many Jews.— (J.C.) Praga, a Warsaw suburb.—(J.C.) AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 Page 5 HOME NEWS ANGLO-JUDAICA Anglo-Israel Parliamentary Group NAZIS IN BRITAIN IN PARLIAMENT Jordan Protests Globke "Trial" Fifty-five Members of both Houses of ParUa­ ment attended the annual luncheon of the Fifteen members of the National Socialist On July 22 Mr. A. Lewis, referring to the Anglo-Israel ParUamentary Group at the House "movement, led by Colin Jordan, held a silent Globke Trial in East Berlin, asked the Lord of Commons. Mr. Gilbert Longdon presided protest outside the German Embassy, petition- Privy Seal whether he will make available for and the guest of honour was Mr. Arthur \^S for the release of ex-Nazi leaders now both the prosecution and defence the relevant Lourie, the Israeli Ambassador. |n_ Berlin's Spandau prison and also for the papers, documents and evidence which are in . freeing " of the National Socialist Movement his department's archives. Mr. Heath repUed : '1 (Jennany. " I have seen press reports of this so-called A.J.A. President Resigns trial. The answer is no." Mosley Rebuffed Mr. R. N. Carvalho, President of the Anglo- Stateless Persons (Travel Documents) Jewish Association since 1954, has announced The Harrow and Oxford Councils have his resignation, to take effect from October 1. [ejected applications by Mosley to hold meet- A new president will be elected then and Mr. "lis of his Union Movement in those places. On July 25 Mr. George Craddock asked the Maurice Edelman, M.P., has been nominated. >^At the meeting of the Oxford City Council, Secretary of State for the Home Department It is also proposed to nominate Mr. Carvalho *l""s. Olive Gibbs (Labour) argued against the what conditions he attaches to the issue of as a vice-president of the Association. L^Jection as it was contrary to free speech, travel documents to Jews who left Germany before September, 1939, and who are now Mr. Carvalho has emphatically denied fje deputy mayor. Alderman E. Roberts rumours that he had announced his resignation j-Mbour), described her remarks as "idiotic, stateless persons. because of criticism of his latest statement <^hildish and un-Christian ".—(J.C.) In his written answer Mr. Woodhouse stated : Travel documents are issued to stateless concerning the Conference of Jewish Organ­ persons on payment of a fee, without dis­ isations. Neither had he resigned for reasons crimination as to race, religion or country of of health. He simply thought that nine years YELLOW STAR FINES origin, if they are lawfully staying in the of presidential office was enough. United Kingdom and cannot obtain a document Seven people, six of whom are members of from any other govemment. Sale of Synagogue :"e Yellow Star movement, were fined amounts p °.ni £5 to £30 at the Old Bailey. They pleaded |i*ilty to assaulting Keith Gibson and Robert Public Order Bill In accordance with a decision taken at a fiowe and causing them actual bodily harm on Council meeting of the United Synagogue, the *J^aid on the Union Movement's headquarters The House of Commons gave an unopposed premises of the St. John's Wood Synagogue "n May 12. They also pleaded guilty to doing third reading to the Public Order Bill, under and the adjoining houses at Abbey Road, jj^hcious damage to property of the Union which the penalties for creating public dis­ N.W.S, are being sold. The proceeds of the "Movement. order have been increased. sale will go towards meeting the cost of build­ Mr. Victor Durand, Q.C., said that in April The official Labour view was put by Mr. ing a new synagogue on the site adjacent to (^"e Union Movement had started holding Eric Fletcher from the Opposition front bench. the St. John's Wood communal hall in Grove ^Aday morning poUtical meetings in the He declared that it was monstrous for the End Road, work on which has already started. j^litechapel area. " In this predominantly Government to propose the same penalties for those who organised a meeting as for European Hebrew Seminar aiting of such people seems 'to go on ", said those who were naturally provoked at it. An VI>urand. amendment was proposed to the effect that J I he Recorder. Sir Anthony Hawke, told the the increased penalties should not apply to The eleventh European Hebrew Seminar has .^tendants : " However much you may object hecklers at these meetings in the same way just been held at the College of Aeronautics j" other organisations, they are entitled to as to the organisers. in Cranfield, Beds. The theme of this seminar 3^e their ofiBce without it being entered into Mr. Leo Abse said that unless the amend­ was the Jewish world today, and included an "? things torn up, broken and thrown about." ment were accepted the Bill would not be a examination of Israel and its significance for ^(J.C.) victory for democracy but a victory for the Jewish life and history and the communities fascists. in the Diaspora. Study groups were held on For the Government, Mr. Christopher Wood- the Bible, Jewish history, Jewish philosophy house, Joint Under-Secretary, Home Office, and Hebrew language and literature. Another INTERNATIONAL NAZISM rejected this amendment and the Bill was then subject was an examination of the problems given an unopposed third reading. facing the Jewish teaching profession outside re^ recent issue of " World Jewry", the Stepney Borough Council has supported the Israel. The course was divided into periods of g^ew of the World Jewish Congress, carries move made by the Stoke Newington Borough a fortnight each, with about 200 people attend­ j^ report on the international Unks between Council in criticising the new Bill. The Step­ ing each course from Israel, North Africa and jj.?Q and fascist organisations in many coun- ney Council resolved to ask the Home Secre­ other countries. 3'?.s. their subversive activities and the violent tary to introduce legislation to make incite­ 'iisemitic action provoked by their ment to racial hatred an offence as the present '^'^S.Paganda. Bill " would not deal effectively" with the Hilton Dispute Settled IPCSIT ^i^ey, which includes reproductions of problem.—(J.C.) but J ^ and fascist leaflets recently distri- The Licensed Kosher Caterers' Association citfi . in Germany, Italy, France and Britain, withdrew the writ issued against the Kashrus tion instances of close intemational co-opera Commission and three of its officers in respect LORD SAMUEL of the granting of a full catering Ucence to •"Sanisations. J. L. Banqueting Ltd. at the Hilton Hotel after The second Viscount Samuel has now made the Chief Rabbi had agreed to act as an his entry into the House of Lords, which arbitrator. The Chief Rabbi has now given CONCERN .\BOUT RACIAUSM at present has 15 Jews among its members. leave to the Kashrus Commission to consider UnUke his father, who for long years was the ratifying the Ucence. leader of the Liberal Party, the present Lord Two resolutions on the agenda of the annual Samuel belongs to the Labour Party, of which in l^^'^nce of the Labour Party, which opens Drift from Judaism ce»r^arborough on September 30, reflect con- he has been a member for the last twelve {? at the growth of raciaUst propaganda, years. He is a Professor at the University havo * supports the stand made by those who of Jerusalem and also regularly lectures as " The Drift From Judaism " was the subject ^anH °n2ht the colour bar, antisemitic propa- guest-professor at various North American of a symposium held by the North London for e ^^^ raciaUsm as part of the struggle universities ; probably he will only spend three Men's and Women's lodges of the B'nai B'rith Nati ^°<^iaUsm. The second requests the summer months in England each year. His at the Highgate Synagogue hall. All three leg- ?nal Executive Committee to prepare wife, Hadassah (nee Gur), daughter of a well- speakers agreed that, notwithstanding a credit of ',ation against " discrimination on grounds known Hebrew philologist, has been the as well as a debit side to communal life, there "dolour, race or creed ". President of Wizo for many years. The couple was a drift from Judaism. have two sons, one of whom works as a The Rev. Dr. Chaim Pearl said the vast scientist at the Weizmann Institute in majority of the community were " Jewishly Rechovot. Like his father, the present Lord illiterate" and deplored the lower moral MACHINE SHORTHAND Samuel is a very gifted orator and \vriter ; standards besetting " the sex-ridden society of VOu „ (PALANTYPE! a third volume of his short stories will be Wrha*^^^ be the right oerson to achieve high speeds lor today". Mixed marriages were a grave cause "ly .t'^™ Reporting (£1.000 to £2.000 per mnum eventu- published shortly. He has been connected for concern, said Mr. Henry Shaw, director of "0 .; ?'"""«) or top Secretarial Posts. Easy transcription. with Israel since 1918. In an interview with symbols utea. Palantvpe is Invaluable where technical Hillel House. The Rev. John Rayner said and medical terms or foreign languages are used. the correspondent of Mcuiriv he declared that, there was a pronounced drift occasioned by a u, . Certificates of oro^ciency awarded. having lived in Palestine/Israel for several lack of conviction about religion, uncertainty ""•'te for prospectus of dav and evening courses : decades, he felt a greater affinity to the Labour about the future of Jewish Ufe in the Diaspora *29-s», . ™E PALANTYPE COLLEGE Party than to any other political group. ~-^^1 High Holbom. London. W.Cl (T«l. HOL. 9161fS) vis-a-vis Israel, and cultural assimilation. Page 6 AJR INFORMATION September, 196S

PERSECUTION OF "COLLABORATORS" NEWS FROM GERMANY AND ISRAEL New Israeli Law An amendment repeaUng the 20-year Umita- TIUALS IN GERMANY LAW FOR DISMISSAL OF tion which now appUes to less serious crimes NAZI JUDGES under the Nazis and Nazi Collaborators' Law Jail for S.S. Butchers has passed its first reading unanimously m In Wuppertal, four former S.S. men were A draft law to remove from office former the Knesset. sentenced to hard labour terms ranging from Nazi judges responsible for terror death sen­ Dr. Sneh (Communist) urged that the Israeli eight to four years for assisting in the murder tences has been introduced in the Bundesrat Government try German Nazis in absentm of Jews and Soviet political commissars in in Bonn. The proposed law would amend the " for moral considerations", since the West Nazi-occupied Ukraine during the war. The German Basic Law and enable the State to dis­ German statute on proceedings against Nazis court ruled fhat the accused—aU former mem­ miss incriminated judges (at present no was due to expire in 1965. . bers of a Nazi special execution squad—had German judge can normally be dismissed). He also criticised the Government for noi acted on orders of Hitler and the S.S. and Introducing the draft law the Hamburg supplying material to East Germany for the could therefore not be considered as State Govemment spokesman said that West recent Globke trial in absentia there. The murderers but only as accompUces in murder. Germany's judiciary must be " cleaned up ". Minister of Justice, Dr. Dov Joseph, said.in But, the verdict said, they had made no Although only six or so Nazi judges and reply that the East Germans had not appUeo attempt to resist the orders, the criminal prosecutors responsible for death sentences to the Foreign Ministry but direct to the character of which they were aware and had refused to resign, many more names would former Attorney-General, Mr. Gideon Hausner- refusal of which would not have entailed undoubtedly come to Ught in future, especially He added that East Germany had not even danger for their Uves. when East Germany decided to open her replied to Israeli requests for material during archives of Nazi documents.—(J.C.) preparations for the Eichmann trial. , LUDWIGSBURG OFFICE Dr. Joseph later admitted that he had erreo in this statement. He had investigated tne WINDS UP RABBI FOR FRANKFORT matter and, to his great regret, learned that ne Dr. Schuele, director and chief prosecutor Rabbi Dr. Sigmund Szobel, of New York, had been misled. Dr. Sneh said that in facj of the Central Agency for the Investigation of has been inducted as communal rabbi of the previous Minister of Justice, Dr. Pinn^* Nazi Crimes, announced in Ludwigsburg that Frankfort. Born in Germany, trained in Berlin Rosen, had told the Knesset that Israel hao the Agency will probably end its activities at and ordained in New York in 1942, he will not approached East Germany for evidence give special attention to the spiritual needs against Eichmann for fear of offending Wesi the end of next year. German susceptibiUties.—(J.C.) Since the Agency was estabUshed by the of the younger members of the Frankfort com­ munity, which now has a membership of West German authorities in 1958, a total of 645 Jewish PoUceman Acquitted cases of Nazi crimes have been investigated over 3,000. and 418 cases have been passed on to public Hirsch Barenblat, a former conductor at the prosecutors in various parts of Germany. Israeli National Opera, on trial in Tel AVi* These activities resulted in 64 court cases in " KOBERSTRASSE " IN COLOGNE for war crimes against fellow Jews, has been which 152 persons were sentenced. acquitted on one of the twelve counts againsi The Cologne Municipal Council has decided him. , to name a street after the late Dr. Adolf NAZI APPEALS The prosecution has dropped its attempt t" Kober, a former rabbi of Cologne. The street is prove that the Jewish police m Bendin, PoH°io An appeal against his sentence has been situated in a district in which the memory of which he was a member, was a " hostii^ made by Georg Schlosser, the former Nazi of Moses Hess, EUas Gut and (Jeorg Geyer organisation" as defined by the law for tn^ police officer sentenced to hard labour for has been honoured in the same way. punishment of Nazis and their collaborators- life for mass murder in the Czestochowa Ghetto. His trial in Bamberg was the second RECTOR OF GERMAN UNIVERSITY STATISTICS FROM ISRAEL rehearing of the case. He was acquitted at his first trial and sentenced to ten years' hard Professor Emst Wollheim, 63, member of The Israeli authorities continue to publish labour at the second. the Medical Faculty, was elected Rector of the information which results from the Censu» University of Wuerzburg for the academic taken in 1961, some of which is of consideraDie INDEMNIFICATION OFFICIALS year 1963-64. general interest : SENTENCED In 1961, 247,000 non-Jews were residing, i^ Israel. Of these 171,000 were Musl.iin= A Coblenz court has found ten former GERMAN-ISRAELI RELATIONS (Arabs), 50,000 were Christians (again mainiy officials of West (Jerman indemnification offices Arabs Uving in Nazareth) and 24,000 were guilty of accepting bribes, and has gaoled them PoUtical quarters in Israel in close touch Druses. Since 1949, the Arab population o* after a two-month trial. with German affairs are of the opinion that Israel has increased by about 100,000. "j Friedrich Klemann. former head of the it is inconceivable that Dr. Adenauer will these about 30,000 are accounted for by inW'"' Rhineland-Palatinate Government Indemnifica­ retire from poUtical Ufe without making a gration from various Arab States under to tion Department in Mainz, was sentenced to major attempt to " formaUse" his policy of scheme to reunite dispersed famiUes; V" 18 months' hard labour. Other officials from rapprochement with Israel. It is thought that remainder of about 70,000 are a genuin~ Cologne, Dusseldorf and elsewhere received such a proposal would "crown" Dr. increase in the Arab population, illustrating sentences varying from 21 months' to three Adenauer's efforts to present to the world a its very high birthrate of 50.2 per thousan" weeks' imprisonment.—(J.C.) changed image of a new Germany. against that of the Jewish population of 1°- Some leading officials, however, hold the per thousand. The Arab death rate, on tn THE LAST OF "JEW SUESS" view that a real reconciliation between Jews other hand, is only sUghtly higher than that" and Germans could only come about if Ger­ the Jewish population (7.5 against 5.5 P'' West Germany's Federal prosecutor has many became a serious factor in the move­ thousand). demanded in the Federal Supreme Court that ment towards an improvement of Arab-Israeli the last remaining copy of the Nazi antisemitic relations, which is regarded by IsraeUs as film " Jud Suess " be destroyed. Germany's moral duty. Ownership of the film has been in dispute A main reason for German hesitation to Don't suffer from the effects of DRY AIR caused fiy between a film company, a Baden-Baden busi­ normaUse relations with Israel has been and Central-Heating nessman and a Swiss lawyer. When proceed­ still is the fear of Arab reactions. A Govem­ ings began the film was in the possession of ment official has stated in Bonn that there the businessman and a lower court ruled that was no indication at present that Israel's hopes the State had no right to confiscate the

The well-known, often provocatively written, The major part of the community members Home \e»p»; The Frankfurt Opera Company consists of Jews from Eastern Europe who had will present " Salome ", " FideUo ", " Zar und German weekly. Der Spiegel, has devoted Zimmermann " and " Entfuehrung " at Lon­ J^ore than ten pages of its issue of July 31 not resided in Germany before the war; most don's Sadler's Wells in October.—At her new ^ a report on present-day Jewish Ufe in of them belong to the original 200,000 Jews in Hamilton Gallery Annely Juda showed paint­ Germany. The articles take a strictly objective German D.P. camps. They had first intended ings by Klaus Friedeberger, who was born in ^ew on the manifold problems and consciously to emigrate—mairdy to Israel and the North BerUn in 1922, was sent to AustraUa as an avoid any trace of either an antisemitic or a American Continent—but since this involved internee, and retumed to Europe in 1950.— Philosemitic attitude. a considerable delay, they left the camps, tried Otto Preminger, who edited and cut his new to integrate into the (Jerman economy and film " The Cardinal" here, took a ten-minute It is not possible to sum up in detail the part in Alexander Pal's Anglo-Hungarian co- J'ery compUcated problems which confront ultimately decided to stay. By 1950 about production of " The (Jolden Head" before those Jews who, often most reluctantly, have 1,000 former Jewish D.P.s had married non- leaving for Venice.—Walter Felsenstein's film ^nosen to reside in (Jermany in spite of the Jewish women. To give an example of the of " FideUo ", screened in 1956, is being shown oitter memories of the past. The Spiegel preponderance of Eastern Jews in the present on Sundays at the Royal Festival Hall. weals with these problems and describes the Jewish communities in Westem (Jermany, the .Austria: Theo Lingen will appear in Hoch­ organisation and composition of the Jewish Spiegel mentions that 80% of the Munich com­ waelder's " 1003 " at the Josefstadt.—WilU communities, their relations to the non-Jewish munity are former D.P.s. The fact that such a Forst has denied all rumours of a come-back; population, their special conflicts and their considerable number of Jews in Germany are " I am lazy," he stated in an open letter to future. of non-German background has increased the " Der Kurier".—In Bregenz Paul Hoffmann difficulties of establishing relations between produced " Franziskus" by Max Zweig, the The very thorough investigation includes a Jews and non-Jews. 71-year-old cousin of Stefan Zweig.—Foreign health of factual material. The number of actors must now apply for visas and labour yews at present Uving in Westem (Jermany and Almost without exception, the Jews in (Jer- permits to work in Austria.—A Max Reinhardt j^est Berlin is about 30.000 (1933 : 500,000; many feel deeply attached to Israel. Those Exhibition is being held in Salzburg. ine figures in brackets always refer to the time who have children are very anxious to bring Milestones: Dr. Edgar Stem-Rubarth, former *nen the Nazis came to power). Of these, them up as conscious Jews, if only to refute director and editor-in-chief of " W.'T.B." ''4,000 are members of the 81 (1,600) Jewish the accusations by Jews abroad that they have (Wolffsche Telegraphen-Buero), who edited " betrayed " the Jewish people. It is the result the " World Digest" in London and is the communities, while an estimated 7,000-8,000 author of several books, has become 80 years ews reside in Germany without belonging to of this Jewish education that, aware of the horrors of the past and the achievements of of age in London.—Hans Hermann-Schaufuss, ^^y Jewish community. The percentage of the first male " Puck " and a member of Rein­ .^Ws in the total Westem German population Israel, hardly a single young Jew seems to hardt's ensemble, reached his seventieth birth­ js 0.2% (1%) ; more than 90% live in the have the intention of making Germany his day in Stuttgart, where he now Uves.—Josef ^rge cities ; not a single one of the former permanent home. A large proportion of those Milos, former president of the Federation of ewish communities in viUages has been who leave Germany again are youngsters ; they German Variety Directors and doyen of even prefer to do their military service in the German music hall artists, turned 80 in BerUn. ^•established. The average age is over 45 IsraeU army rather than in the German army, Germany: Fritz Kortner, whose production ^ars, and every second Jewish resident is from which, by special provisions, they may be of " Richard III" received a controversial "Jore than 50 years old. During the first three exempted. reception in Munich, is to direct " Leonce und ^onths of this year 142 deaths were registered Lena".—Robert Gilbert has adapted "Annie ^s against nine births. There is no real renaissance of Jewish Ufe Get Your Gun" for production at Berlin's in Germany and hardly a likelihood that the Theater des Westens to foUow " My Fair .It is estimated that not more than 35% of years to come will show different trends; the Lady".—Grete Mosheim is to appear in U Jewish residents are still engaged in earning number of Jews in Germany is small, they Uve " Tschin-Tschin" at BerUn's Renaissance- J 'iving ; of these, IS^c are employees (34% in apart from their non-Jewish neighbours, the Theater.—Heinz Hilpert and Angela Salloker »33). The other 65% are either recipients of old and the very old predominate, and in the are appearing in " Dear Liar " in Munich.— Pensions (25% as against 16% in 1933) or non- course of time their places will not be taken by Detlef Sierck has produced " Cyrano" in ^arning dependants (40%). The number of the young Jews who are at present Uving in Munich with Kurt Meisel.—Kurt Hoffman is professionals is negligible : about 150 lawyers, directing a screen version of " Schloss Grips­ Germany. holm", based on Kurt Tucholsky's novel, jl Whom one-third only deal with indemnifica- The issue also carries an interview with Dr. featuring Walter Giller and Lieselotte Pulver. inl? ^^^^ ^^^ against 3,030 in 1933) ; about Hendrik G. van Dam, General Secretary of the —Peter Herald will produce a remake of ,"" doctors and dentists (as against 5,567 Zentralrat der Juden in Deutschland. He " Emil und die Detektive " in BerUn. jjoctors and 1.041 denUsts in 1933). Only a expresses the view that—with the possible Obituary: Erich Mosse, the psychoanalyist, ndful of Jews can claim prominence in their exception of individual cases where special has died in New York at the age of 70. He '^espective fields. reasons are prevaiUng—the retum of former will be remembered for his novels, pubUshed .. ^e figures for the largest Jewish communi- German Jews to Germany is not to be recom­ in the 'twenties in Berlin, under the pen-name mended. " The clock of history cannot be of Peter Flamm.—The journaUst, Th. F. f f^ ^'"^ ^^ follows : West Berlin 5.660 : Frank- Meysels, who was on the staff of the "Jeru­ p"Y 2.690; Munich 2,478: Hamburg 1,422; turned back. German Jewry cannot recom­ salem Post" for four years before his return ^oiogne 1,189; Duesseldorf 1,077; all the mence where it stopped in 1933. While the to Austria, has died in Vienna aged 64.—Slatan jj "er communities have less than 1,000 mem- government and the people of Westem (Jer­ Dudow, who worked for the East (Jerman ^ ''S-. Of the German Jews who survived the many must make sure that Jews can Uve as D.E.F.A., was killed in a car accident in East hav ^^ '^^rmany (about 15,000), only one-third Jews on German soil, the building-up of a BerUn. He was 60 years old and had been a Qj^'e remained on (Jerman soil. The number large Jewish minority as it existed before pupil of Fritz Lang and G. W. Pabst.—Fritz Krenn, a 75-year-old member of the State ha Edmund Silberner proved that many leading coalition government with the bourgeois and the Hebrew Union College (Cincinnati) Socialists were tainted with a strong anti- parties on which the Majority SociaUsts, led To these two institutions as well as to the Jewish bias, despite their humanitarian credo. by Ebert. based the Weimar Republic. How­ Jewish Theological Seminary of America (New To save the unity of the Social Democrats, ever, his Socialist outlook derived from a York) and the Dropsie College (Philadelphia) Haase made the sacrifice of pledging his party's humanitarian ethos respecting the individual's he dedicated his last work, " A Century of support of the war poUcy. But he refused to life. Therefore, he was also opposed to the Jewish Life" (1944), which begins where grow enthusiastic of Germany's early victories, poUcy of the Spartakus-Bund which aimed at Graetz's History of the Jews ends, i.e., about and when her " bUtzkrieg " failed, he foresaw a despotism of the proletariat by means of 1840, and closes with the extermination of armed force and violence. Considering this European Jewry. nothing but a senseless bloodshed. To prevent dilemma, it is difficult to say in which direction this seemed a moral obUgation to him. There­ Haase would have turned if he had still been Three years after his death the American- fore, he now suggested that the Social Demo­ alive in 1923, when the Independents joined Jewish periodical, " Historia Judaica ", pub­ crats should oppose the Government's war the Majority SociaUsts. lished a limited number of copies of a poUcy. However, the majority of his party monograph, " Ismar Elbogen, 1874-1943; a rejected his views and expeUed him when he Of course, as a tme Marxist, Hugo Haase was bibUography". It was edited by his widow. did not give in. Thereupon, in April, 1917, estranged from Judaism, but in view of his Regi Elbogen, a sister of Otto Klemperer. This together with his friends WilheUn Dittmann idealistic interpretation of Marxism, he was modest publication illustrates the impressive and George Ledebour, he founded the Inde­ nearer to the " SociaUsm" of the Hebrew achievement of the great Jewish historian pendent Social Democratic Party. The new prophets than to the rigid Leninist pattem of from (Jermany who had died in New York as a party built on the principle of democracy, the Marxist doctrine. For this reason he not refugee : more than 400 titles of books and promised to fight the Imperial Government's only felt compassion for all Jews who were contributions published by him during his Ufe­ war policy uncompromisingly. suffering, but also favoured the Zionist cause inasmuch as it aimed at the foundation of a time. There is hardly a single subject within the Haase and his friends, who, conscious of the foremost SociaUst Jewish State. In this way Hugo Haase, the eminent champion for a field of Jewish science which was foreign to mthlessness of the Pmssian poUce, until then Ismar Elbogen. He was co-editor of the had dissuaded their comrades from taking modern SociaUst democracy, revealed his innate Jewishness. " Lehren des Judentums" (1920-24) ; he revolutionary action, got in touch with a re-established and pubUshed from 1929 growing revolutionary movement within the onwards (until 1938) the " Zeitschrift fuer die Imperial Navy. The Reich Government found Vour Houst for:— Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland " : for them out, but did not dare to indict them. Thus CURTAINS, CARPETS, LINO several decades he was on the board of the Haase could continue his fight against " Gesamtarchiv der Deutschen Juden " (BerUn) imperialistic tendencies of the Rightists parties UPHOLSTERY and Chairman of the Educational Department in the Reichstag. SPiCIALTY of the "Preussischer Landesverband Jue­ When the Imperial regime broke down in discher Gemeinden " and, later on, also of the November. 1918. Karl Liebknecht. leader of the CONTINENTAL DOWN Reichsvertretung. His book, "Juedischer Spartakusbund, and Richard MueUer, leader of Gottesdienst in seiner geschichtUchen Entwick­ the militant trade unions, tried to estabUsh a QUILTS! lung " (1913 and 1931; the first part also purely SociaUst repubUc. Haase reaUsed that ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS pubUshed in Hebrew in 1923), has become a the Majority SociaUsts were lacking in strength standard work; so has his brief " Geschichte to achieve this, and, therefore, on November 9, ESTIMATIS FH£B der Juden seit dem Untergang des juedischen the day of the revolution, together with Ditt­ Staates", pubUshed by Teubner, 1919-20, in mann and Emil Barth, joined the provisional DAWSON-LANE LIMITED the series " Aus Natur und (Jeisteswelt". government, the so-called "Bat der Volks­ 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK The memory of Ismar Elbogen and of his beauftragten", led by the Majority SociaUsta Telephone : ARN. 667) work has remained alive, especially among Ebert and Scheidemann. Soon Haase and his those of German-Jewish background. friends found themselves in hopeless disagree­ Personal attention of Mr, W Schachmann. ment with the Majority SociaUsts and, on E. G. LOWENTHAL. AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 Page 11 GERMAN LIBRARY OlS JEWISH SUBJECTS COUNCIL MEETING IN ISRAEL (Jermania Judaica is a special Ubrary which doubt that school teachers and university pro­ Direct Group Flight at Reduced Charges was founded in Cologne in 1958 for the purpose fessors bear a heavy measure of guilt by having The meeting of the Council of Jews from of coUecting documents and Uterature on the poisoned the minds of the young in the Germany, originally scheduled for October 12- 1,500 years of Jewish history on German soil. years before the Nazis came to power and, still 14 (.see announcement in May issue), has now Apart from putting its many thousands of more, by their connivance and active co-opera­ been fixed for October 20-22. There will be books at the disposal of scholars, the institute tion during the Hitler regime. Still, since the facjUties for a group flight, at reduced charges, has set itself the task of assisting teachers in past cannot be undone, every contribution direct to Israel and return (not by overnight schools and educational classes for adults by towards an understanding between Germans boat from Cypms to Haifa as previously providing them with relevant material. It also and Jews on the basis of factual information announced). keeps a register of more than a hundred lec­ must be highly welcome and deserves The 'plane will leave London on October 13. turers who are quaUfied to talk on various encouragement. Participants may stay either for two weeks aspects of the Jewish problem. Lastly, the (return October 27) or for three weeks (return institute pubUshes a Uterary buUetin of which AJR MEE-nNG ON RESTITUTION AND November 3). The charges comprise retum so far four issues have appeared, again mainly COMPENSATION for the use of those who are concemed with flight and hotel accommodation (including education inside and outside schools as well as As readers will have seen from the breakfast). They amount to £100 13s for two for librarians who are expected to advise announcement on the front page of this issue, weeks and an additional 2 guineas per night readers of pubUc Ubraries on the choice of a meeting under the auspices of the AJR and for the third week. Participants will be acom- the Council of Jews from Germany will be held mo dated in B- and C-class hotels, but may also suitable books on this buming and, in {Jer­ on Monday, September 9. at 7.45 p.m., at 51 be accommodated in a higher-class hotel many, StiU delicate problem. Belsize Square at which Ministerialrat Dr. against additional payment. It is not possible The contents of the bulletins make interest­ F6aux de la Croix will speak (in German) on to make use of the reduced charges for group ing reading, even if some of the articles are •' Wiedergutmachung in finanzpolitischer flights by booking only passages and not hotel presented in too theoretical and academical an Gesamtschau ". We are sure that our friends accommodation as well. exposition. This appUes more particularly to will welcome this opportunity of obtaining some first-hand information on this subject Interested readers who have not yet con­ J. Menke's article on " Antisemitism—How to from the speaker who is in charge of the tacted the AJR OflBce (8 Fairfax Mansions, deal with its Origins and Manifestations in the Restitution and Compensation Department of London, N.W.3) should ask for particulars History Classes for Senior Pupils" and the the Federal German Ministry of Finance and now. Readers who want to visit Israel on the subsequent comments by other educationalists. we expect that both AJR members and their Other articles discuss practical problems, e.g., friends will avail themselves of this oppor­ occasion of the Council meeting but who, for " Books on Judaism and on the ' unbewaeltigte tunity. one reason or another, cannot participate in Vergangenheit' in PubUc Libraries ". " Heine the group flight, may also obtain information in the Literary Teaching of Higher Schools ", PIANO WANTED FOR HEINRICH STAHL on terms for alternative passages, either inclu­ "The Way to Judaism in Lessing's Nathan", HOUSE sive or exclusive of hotel accommodation. "Emigration as a Personal Experience, COPIES OF AUGUST ISSL^E expressed in Poetical Works". The bulletin In order to be able to arrange musical func­ also contains very weU-balanced book reviews, tions for the residents, Heinrich Stahl House Due to a technical fault of the printing including those of best-sellers Uke Exodus, The requires a grand piano or upright piano in good machine, unfortunately, several copies of the condition. Any readers who would be prepared August issue of " AJR Information " were not Diary of Anne Frank, the autobiography of to donate an instrument for the benefit of the complete. Readers who notified the AJR have Weizmann, and many others. residents should kindly contact the Matron. been supplied with correct copies. As far as It is a sad reflection that all this heart- Heinrich Stahl House. The Bishop's Avenue. recipients of faulty copies have not yet con­ searching comes so verj' late : there can be no London. N.2. 'Phone MEAdway 3474. tacted the AJR. they should do so now.

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Hans Jaeger hold their ground in Germany. In this way, the German attempt to split the Allies made its own distinctive and invaluable contribu­ GERMANY BETWEEN EAST AND WEST tion to the partition of Germany. This was the solution that automatically resulted from Assessment by an historian the failure of either of the allied groupings This book'* deals with the fight between the Here and there one finds a passage which is to achieve the totaUty of its aims in Germany. Western Powers and the Soviet Union to less well known, but especially illuminating. If neither the Russians nor the Western get Germany on their side. The subject For instance, the fact that Bmening " was Powers could conquer the whole of Germany is, indeed, an important one, and there exists determined to avoid giving any impression or at least secure a dominating position in the a long Ust of books on it. Yet as the under­ that Germany was, even in the most cautious country, the partition was the only peaceful lying problems are still not fully realised in manner, opting for the East". Again, when solution." all their ramifications, every new approach the Berlin Treaty of 1926 was renewed in This thesis calls for various comments. Of is highly welcome. 1931 " Bmening sought desperately to hush course, the German attempt to split the Allies The poUtical situation of the Weimar up the news". The Chancellor feared that, is as old as the flight of Hess to Britain. How­ Republic can only be properly understood if on hearing the news of some Russo-German ever, as an explanation for the partition of one grasps the full impact of the Rapallo accord, " the French Government would not Germany the argument is rather far-fetched Treaty. Nowadays, various aspects of the feel so disposed to give favourable considera­ and very thin: distrust between the Allies Rapallo course are whitewashed. Especially tion to the proposals which we intend to put was not caused by Germany's attitude. It the extension of the Pact to the military forward" (p. 59). existed anyway. It started with the treatment sphere is conveniently glossed over. Many The development between 1933 and 1939 is of the Poles and the negotiations about the people no longer wish to be reminded of the summed up rather briefiy. We know from second front (Stalin prevented it being estab­ support given by the Soviet Union to German Margarete Buber-Neumann's books, on which lished in the Balkans !). The conduct of the illegal rearmament in the twenties and of the considerations Stalin's policy was based. U.S.S.R. during the Warsaw rebellion was miUtary co-operation between the two .'\mongst others she mentions Stalin's talk with another example. The conclusion of a countries. Heinz Neumann about the desirability of separate peace treaty also failed because of Hitler coming to power. Stalin said that the mutual distrust between Russia and Under the Weimar Republic Hitler wanted war with the West, but after the Germany. Unfortunately, this point is touched by the experience of 1914 could not risk a two-front author only very sUghtly. This is a pity, war. By enabling Hitler to attack the West Outlook For The Future because it explains the poUcy of the German first, the Soviet Union, StaUn thought, would Communist Party in many instances: the ultimately become arbiter mundi. Neumann It is regrettable, too, that the book already adoption of the nationaUst Une (whilst, quite furiously protested against this concept ends up in 1945. The author indirectly tries consistently, the French Communists had to because it meant acceptance of Nazism and hard to explain why, after the war, the do the opposite) ; the fiirtation with the so- ran against German interest; however, he was Federal Government did all in its power not to called National Bolsheviks (rightists with a overthrown just when Hitler was ante portas. go again the road to Rapallo. The ardour with pro-Russian outlook) ; the rivalry even with the and had to pay with his life for the rebellion. which he makes his point is only understand­ Nazis (programme of national and social able in the light of the experience of the liberation, the national factor being given Nazi Attempt To Split Allies Weimar Republic. Bonn's way was just the priority) ; the fight against the Social Demo­ opposite of Weimar's way, though, in view of crats rather than against the rightists and the The position during the war is also dealt the partition, under different circumstances. Nazis, with special emphasis on the attacks with slightly superficially. However, we meet On the other hand it is exactly because of the against pacifist Left-wing Socialists; the interesting points. " It did not escape Stalin's partition that, under the surface, there is a change of course whenever the Rapallo line notice that the Germans fought frantically for stmggle between those who are prepared to seemed to be in danger (Stresemann's recon­ an insignificant railway station in Czecho­ put up with the present state of affairs (and to ciliation with France) ; and the permanent slovakia, but in the West they would, without look at the ties with France as a kind of sub­ revolt of left and right " deviationists " against resistance, yield up towns such as Mannheim, stitute) and those who are not prepared to the dependence on Moscow, resulting in mass Cassel and Osnabrueck" (p. 93). "This miU­ do so. Therefore, grotesque as it may sound, expulsions. tary policy had its raison d'etre in the German the risk of a volte-face still exists, emanating attempt to arrange a separate peace or armis­ especially from the most miUtant, dynamic, All this is part and parcel of the Rapallo uncompromising and emotional forces. course, but we do not hear anything about it. tice in the West and then to continue the war However, this is not the fault of the author ; against the Russians" (p. 94). And then All this is missing in the book. Thus we it is impossible to tackle such a vast problem comes a thesis which sounds rather peculiar : only have an essay which touches some points, in 97 pages (the rest of the publication is " By facilitating or at least not offering stern but not a complete description of the whole scientific apparatus). Therefore, though many resistance to the Western advance, and by problem. A comprehensive assessment would things are presented brilliantly, the book is combining this with a last-ditch defence require a much larger book. Nevertheless, far from being comprehensive. against the Russians, the Germans created the what is presented is interesting, valuable, and maximum distmst between the AlUes and often very significant, even if one cannot * Lionel Kochan : The Struggle for Germany, ensured the maximum Russian pressure to 1914 -1945. Edinburgh University Press. 150pp. 21s. always agree with the conclusions.

WORLD-WIDE TRAVEL The Women's Society of the New Liberal Jewish Congregation Through invites you to a AJR CLUB Zion House, 57 Eton Avenue, BARON TRAVEL COMPANY CONCERT N.W.3 15. EDGWAREBURY GARDENS, to open tlieir Winter Season SUNDAY, SEPT. 22 EDGWARE. MIDDLESEX on TUESDAY, SEPT. 10 at 4.30 p.m. Tel. ; STOnegrove 5019 - 8626 at 8 p.m. Cables : TRANSBARON, EDGWARE at 51 Belsize Square, N.W.S LUCIE SCHACHNE PROPRIETOR : J. G. J. BARON. M.T.A.l. will give a talk (in German) on ALWAYS AT YOUR PERSONAL SERVICE RECITAL OF SONGS DIE BIOGRAPHIE EINER MEMBER OF TRAVEL TRADE ASSOCIATION & BRITISH TRAVEL & HOLIDAYS ASSOCIATION AND PIANO MUSIC by HUNDERTJAEHRIGEN SYBIL MICHELOW (Based on " My First Hundred SWI. 2202 Contralto Years," by Margaret Murray) NORWEST CAR HIRE and FOR MICHAEL FREYHAN LTD. Space donated by Pianist TRADE CUTTERS LIMITED SMALL CAR HIRE AdmitsJOfi : Members ll; Guests 4/- Britannia Works, 25 St. Pancras Wav. HAM. 4150 & 4154 Refreshments N.W.1 AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 Page 13

/Herbert Freeden (Jerusalem) A NEW DR. FAUSTUS Robert St. John, to whom we owe a biography of Ben-Gurion and the thoughtful FROM "DADA" TO THE CARMEL book " Shalom Means Peace", in his latest book* gives us the life story of a modem Marcel Yanko, the painter who, together fellow-artists at the artists' association, and a Dr. Faustus, a man who had to choose ^th Richard Hulsenbeck, fathered the few of them were prepared to save the place between the chance of saving at least a and to settle there. The proposal was sub­ number of Jewish lives by negotiations with " Dada " Movement in 1916 in Ziirich, is today the Nazis—or of seeing all of them killed. chairman of the Village Council of Ein Hod- mitted to the authorities, which agreed to stop After having started a new career in Israel, meaning " well of beauty "—an artists' colony the bulldozers—on one condition, however: he is accused by his fellow-Jews of having on the slopes of the Carmel. Nomen est omen : the settlement plan had to be carried out " sold his soul to the devil", and of having ^rom the village with its old, quaint houses and within three months. been a collaborator of the Nazis—and he is Its ancient Greek and Roman ruins, one looks So it happened that in summer, 1953, a condemned by a Jewish court as a traitor. over olive groves and the crusaders' castle of Finally, he is killed by a Jewish terrorist group of twenty artists, armed with blankets, who had lost aU his family through the Nazis Athlit far out on to the Mediterranean. . . . sleeping-bags, brushes and paint arrived on the and had vowed to avenge them. Yanko's adventure began just ten years ago Carmel. There was no road, no water, no 3nd it makes no less exciting reading than his electricity, but aesthetes as they are, they famous " Declaration of Dada "—only that as a called the place Ein Hod, " Well of Beauty "— HUNGARIAN JEWRY UNDER THE NAZIS man of 68 he no longer is the iconoclast of and right they were. Driving now on a fine This is a true story. The author never ms Ziirich days. In 1953 the Israeli Govern­ highway to its tenth anniversary celebration mentions the name of the actual victim of ment asked him to recommend a site suitable (Ein Hod has a reputation for its artists' this grievous fate. The scene is Budapest, for a national park. Roving through the parties) one need not be fearful of snakes and where there were as many Zionists and Jewish scholars as Hungarian patriots among the country, he came to the Carmel and to the scorpions. At the cafd on the main square the Jews. Moreover, he adds the final comfort­ Place of an abandoned Arab village, its empty visitor is sure to be told what became of this ing fact that the wife of his hero, Andor ^hells haunted by snakes and scorpions. Yet venture : thirty artists' families have settled Horvath, bears him a son who will grow up he also discovered something else . . . bull­ here for good, and houses for seven more are in Israel and realise all the dreams his dozers which had been ready to raze the ghost nearing completion. unhappy father dreamed about the future of Village. the Jewish people—a small nation but, Ein Hod's art gallery is a collective enter­ through the help of their God, stronger than Marcel Yanko looked at the hills, the land­ prise, and so are the workshops for ceramics, her strongest enemies. This is a thoughtful, scape, the sea; he looked at the old stone wood carving, lithography and weaving. A well-written book, and the reader is grateful nouses and felt that they ought not to be comfortable hostel is ready to receive artist to Robert St. John for making him understand «>uched. But this was easier said than done. visitors from abroad. Two anniversary exhi­ the dilemma of this Hungarian Dr. Faustus. *or a national park the place was not fitting, bitions vie with each other—one displays the and the bulldozers stood ready under a specific local talent and the other one is representative BERTHA BADT-STRAUSS order. The only people who understood his of Jewish art in the world, e.g., Israels, Lieber­ ,_ • Robert St. John : The Man Who Played God. enthusiasm and his predicament were his mann, Ury, Chagall, Modigliani. Doubleday Inc., Garden City, New York, 1962.

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Page 14 AJR INFORMATION September, 1963

MEMORLVL BOOK FOR PERISHED COMMUNAL LEADERS OBITUARY As readers will have seen from the front page article of this issue, the Council of Jews from Germany prepares the publication of a Memorial Book in which those leading Jewisb DR. OSCAR ROSENBERG y PROFESSOR D. BAUMGARDT personalities who perished under the Nazi terror in Germany or in the deportation camps It is learned with regret that Dr. Oscar Dr. David Baumgardt, Professor of Philo­ are to be commemorated. The book is nearing Rosenberg passed away in Berlin at the age sophy, passed away in Long Beach (L.I.) at completion, however, information is still of 79. A pediatrician by profession, he held the age of 73. He was born in Erfurt and, required in the following cases : appointments with several municipal children's from 1924 until 1933, taught at the Berlin 1. Personal data (Dates and places of birth, clinics until 1933. In 1938, he became Head University. He left Germany for England in of deportation, and of death) as well as brief of the Children's Department of the Berlin 1935 and spent some time at Birmingham curricula for (a) Dr. Ludwig Jacoby, (b) Di- Jewish Hospital. During the war he was University before going to the U.S. in 1939. Rudolf Pick (both of Berlin Palestine Office), deported to Theresienstadt, where he lost his From 1941 to 1954. he worked as an adviser (c) Kammergerichtsrat Erich Gerechter, (d) first wife, a daughter of Eugen Fuchs, one of to the Washington Library of Congress; later Dr. Bruno Schoenfeld (Head of Keren the outstanding personalities of the C.V. Oscar on he was appointed a professor at Columbia Hayessod, later Director of Jewish Hospital, Rosenberg survived the horrors of the camp University. Professor Baumgardt's works Berlin), (e) Erich Kopydlowski (Berlin). and, after the war, became the Director of the include books on Jewish subjects such as 2. Particulars as under 1 and, so far as re-established Jewish Hospital. The reorgan­ " Spinoza and Mendelssohn" (1932) and possible, photos: (a) Rabbi Dr. Joseph isation of the Jewish Hospital during the "Maimonides" (1955). He also took an (Minister for Prisoners in Berlin), (b) R. A- difficult post-war years is, to a high extent, interest in the cultural history of German Dr. Bruno Mendelsohn (Juedische Wirtschafts­ due to his outstanding efforts. As a member Jewry and contributed to German-Jewish pub­ hilfe, Berlin), (c) Regina Joseph (Preacher of the " Kuratorium " he retained his active lications, e.g., the Year Book of the Leo interest in the well-being of the Hospital also Baeck Institute. in Berlin), (d) Rabbi Dr. Bernhard Ham­ after his retirement in 1961. burger (Rabbi at Altglogauschul and teacher Professor Baumgardt was a Zionist of old at Jewish Realschule, Breslau), (e) Rabbi Dt- standing. In Germany, he was a member of Siegfried Behrens (Fuerth), (f) R. A. Dt- A member of the K.C. fratemity, Oscar the Hapoel Hazair. In his will, he bequeathed Heinrich Elkeles (C.V. and Reichsbund Rosenberg was actively associated with Jewish his library to the Hebrew University with iuedischer Frontsoldaten, Berlin), (g) Rabbi afiairs throughout his life. For many visitors which he always felt closely associated. to post-war Berlin, he was one of the few Gustav Cohn (Leipzig), (h) Rabbi Dr. Julius Voos (Munster). friends left from the old days to whom they EMIL WECHSLER could turn in this changed city. All of them 3. Photos are required of (a) Rabbi Her­ will gratefully remember the hospitality they Mr. Emil Wechsler died in New York in bert Finkelscherer (Munich), (b) Rabbi Israel enjoyed on such occasions in his and his wife's his 90th year. From 1918 to 1933 he was a Finkelscherer (Munich), (c) Clara Israel home in the Iranische Strasse. The AJR also director of the Dresdner Bank in Berlin. Both (Social Worker, Berlin), (d) R. A. Max repeatedly had the benefit of his expert advice before and after his emigration, Mr. Wechsler Schleisner (Hanover), (e) Dora Silbermanfl in connection with the selection of staff mem­ always took an active interest in Jewish (Welfare Department of Berlin Jewish Coin- bers from abroad for one of the Old Age affairs. He was one of the sponsors of the munity), (f) Werner Simon (Homburg and Homes. German Encyclopaedia Judaica, edited by Berlin), (g) Martha Wertheimer (Berlin), Nahum Goldmann and Jacob Klatzkin, which (h) Landesrabbiner Josef Wiesen (Weimar- Oscar Rosenberg will be sadly missed by had to be discontinued in 1933, a Board mem­ Eisenach). his numerous friends, now scattered all over ber of the Muenchener Strasse Synagogue, and, Any information should be sent to the the world, and we extend our sincerest sym­ in New York, President of the Congregation Council of Jews from Germany, 183/9 Finch­ pathy to his wife and his sons. Ramath Orah. ley Road, London, N.W.3.

FAMILT EVENTS Situations Wanted Miscellaneous MISSING PERSONS Entries in the column Family Men SUPERFLUOUS HAIR safely and Personal Inquiries permanently removed by qualified Events are free of charge. Texts SENIOR CLERK, experienced in Kohn. — Mr. Heinz Kohn and should be sent in by the 18th of Physiotherapist and Electrolysist. export/ import, shipping/airfreight, Facials. Body massage. Visits Hirsch.—Mr. Walter Hirsch, who the month. languages, seeks responsible posi­ came to England from San tion. Box 290. arranged. Mrs. Dutch, D.R.E., 239 Deatbs Willesden Lane, N.W.2. Tel.: WIL­ Domingo in 1947, wanted by their BOOKKEEPER, experienced up to lesden 1849. friend, Mr. Joseph Hirsch, oi trial balance, preferably Kalamazoo Levy—Mrs. Catherine Levy (for­ DEUTSCHE BUECHER KAUFT Vienna. Contact Mrs. Mandler, 20 merly Stettin), widow of Max Levy, System, experienced invoice clerk/ Continental Book Supply, 32 Com­ Tayler Court, Alexandra Road, of 24 Redington Road, N.W.3, died typist, good references, seeks mercial Road, London, E.l. Nur London, N.W.8. 'Phone : PRImrose suddenly on 27th July aged 75. suitable position. Box 291. schriftl, Angeb. od. Tel.: MAI. 7923. Deeply mourned by her family and MAN with scientific background, 6892. friends. Please no letters. formerly own wool export/import Inquiries by AJR Moos.—Mr. Fritz Moos, of 125 business in Hungary, later an Personal Dessauer.—Mrs. (Dr.) Maria Des­ official with the American Embassy sauer who emigrated to this Ashford Court, Ashford Road, GENTLEMAN, 42. German/Jewish London, N.W.2, passed away on in Vienna, seeks responsible posi­ country shortly before the war tion, preferably as German/Hun­ origin, naturalised, interested in from Bamberg, Hain 8. August 7 in his 89th year. Deeply meeting a lady friend sharing the mourned by his family and friends. garian correspondent, interpreter, writer ; good references. Box 292. same interests—music, travel and Oppenheimer.—Mr. Fritz OppeD" Schindel—Mr. Wilhelm Schindel, art. Box 287. heimer who left Berlin in March or of 21 Merton Road, South Benfleet, Women ATTRACTIVE WIDOW, 60, Ger­ April, 1939. Last knovra address Essex, late of 33 Birchington Court, man origin, with independent in this country, 72 Crediton HiU' EXPERIENCED SECRETARY, N.W.3. Formerly worked 3* London, N.W.6, passed away peace­ English/German, no shorthand; means and pleasant home, wishes fully on July 29th in his 84th year. to meet cultured non-orthodox Juedische Wohlfahrts & Jugeijd- able to drive; free to travel either pflegestelle. Berlin. Sought by Deeply moumed by his family and in England or abroad; versatile : widower up to 68. View friendship friends. or matrimony. Box 289. Mrs. Hanni Piczenik, his former seeks suitable position. Box 293. secretary. SECRETARY, experienced in REFINED LADY, cultured, social CLASSIFIED bookkeeping, correspondence, Eng­ background ; efficient in both busi­ Situations Vacant lish / German shorthand-typing ; ness and home; interested in The Exclusive elderlv: seeks part-time position. music and art: wishes to meet ANWALTSBUERO sucht Mitar- Box 294. gentleman aged about 45 years, Salon de Corseterie beiter(in) fuer Bearbeitung von view matrimony; confidence Wieder gutmachungsangelegen- WOMAN, aged 40, reliable, kind- assured. Box 295. heiten. Box 288. hearted, seeks post as lady com­ Mme H. LIEBERG panion to either single person or AJR Needlewoman Service BOOKKEEPER, experienced, able couple. Box 296. 871 FINCHLEY ROAD to take charge of full set of books, WOMEN available for alterations, Acconunodation Vacant mending, handicrafts. 'Phone MAI. trial balance, PAYE ; 5-day week ; 4449. 'Phone : SPEedwell 8673 wholesale jewellers. Hatton Gar­ COMFORTABLE ROOM for lady den, E.C.I ; salary £15 per week ; in luxury flat, near bus and tube. AJR Attendance Service good prospects. Box 297. Ready-made and 'Phone SPE. 0269. WOMEN available to care for sick RELIABLE COOK wanted WEMBLEY PARK. Bedsitting- people and invalids, as companions to measure immediately for cooking and room. fumished central heating, and sitters-in: full- or part-time EXPERT & QUALIFIED FITTERS baking everv Thursday for small breakfast optional Phone WEMb­ (not residential). 'Phone MAI. household. Box 298. ley 8907 after 2 p.m. 4449. AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 Page 15

AMERICAN ASSETS OF GERMAN JEWS The U.S.A. Government has finally come to Round and About an agreement on the payment for the American assets of (Jerman Jews which were seized SKOPJE'S JEWISH COMMUNITY JEWS IN HOLLAND during the war and whose owners were done away with by Hitler. A cheque for $500,000 According to a recent census, 14,503 Jews (£175,000) has been sent to the Jewish Before the Second World War Skopje, the are at present registered as members of Jewish Restitution Successor Organisation and a meet­ scene of the recent earthquake disaster, had communities; the vast majority, i.e., more ing has been called to decide how the money ^e third largest Sephardi community in than 13,300, belong to Ashkenazi communities. is to be allocated. Jugoslavia, after Belgrade and Sarajevo, with During the years 1954 to 1961, 1,109 marriages Attempts were made to trace and recover a. communitv of nearly 4.500 Jews out of the were registered, of which only 496 united two the property of the heirless German Jews but <^ity's total population of 80.000. They were Jewish partners; the remaining 613 were it proved a futile task and the law firm I respected minority amid Macedonians, mixed marriages. The figures for 1961 alone entrusted with the work recommended to the Serbs, Turks and adherents of the Greek are : 161 marriages of which 87 were mixed Restitution Organisation that it seek a lump Orthodox and Moslem faiths. marriages. sum payment from the Government. The estimate was that there were approximately But, after the Nazi occupation, Skopje's YOUTH CONFERENCE AT S3 million of these assets in America. Con­ Jewish community shrank to around 100 ANNE FRANK HOUSE gress cut this down to $500,000 and, eventually, Persons—most of them migrants from northern both the House of Representatives and the ''ugoslavia. Deportation, torture and death The first International Youth Conference Senate passed the Bill.—(J.C.) nad been the fate of the once-thriving com­ to be held at the Anne Frank House in munity. The few who sur\'ived went to Israel Amsterdam took place with 37 participants, 26 »n 1948 and 1949. of them from Britain. Most of them were non- NO REHABILITATION FOR OREN Jews. Lectures included " The Problems of The new Skopje Jewish community now Discrimination" and " Holland During the Mordecai Oren, the Israeli Mapam leader, consists of Communist intelligentsia—party Nazi Occupation".—(J.C.) was the only foreign victim of the great purges functionaries, government officials, executives in Prague between 1949 and 1954, in which of nationalised enterprises, physicians, HUNGARIAN AFFILIA-nON TO most of the Czech Jewish Communist leaders teachers and engineers. One member is a WORLD COUNCIL OF SYNAGOGUES lost their lives. He was arrested in Czecho­ ^abinet Minister of the Macedonian Regional slovakia in 1951 during a mission of inter­ *^overnment; another a General; a Jewess is The Director of the Hungarian Rabbinical vention on behalf of arrested Zionist leaders a key member of the Central Committee of Seminary, Professor Alexander Scheiber, has and was intemed for five years. He later -'Macedonia's Communist Party, while others recommended affiliation of Hungarian Jeviry appeared as a witness for the prosecution are lecturers at Skopje's newlv founded with the World Council of Synagogues. against Rudolf Slansky, the former Jewish university. Professor Scheiber, the first official repre­ leader of the Czech (Communist Party, who Reports from Belgrade state that the old sentative of the Hungarian Jewish community was charged with treason. ^^'^agogue in Skopje was one of the thousands to visit the United States since the war, stated It is learnt in Paris tliat, despite requests ^i buildings seriously damaged. This syna- in New York that the Jews of Hungary could by French Left-wing personalities, the Czecho­ derive immense religious and spiritual benefit slovak authorities and Communist Party »^gue had been transformed into a museum, from direct contact with orgamsed synagogue leaders do not intend to rehabilitate Oren. ine 500-year-old cemetery evacuated from the communities elsewhere and could, at the same Their reasons are based on the fact that he ^ty and the bodies reinterred under a marble time, make an important contribution to this is a foreigner and, as such, would have no "lausoleum at near-by Butelj. world-wide network of religious mutual aid. practical benefit from or need of rehabilita­ The Haham. Rabbi Dr. S. Gaon, has launched " I see no reason why we should not join our tion. As he was released from a Czech prison "Personal appeal through the Jewish Chronicle fellow-Jews the world over in advancing the a long time ago, the matter is ended as far '0 aid the victims of the disaster.—(J.C.) cause of Judaism."—(J.C.) as the Czechs are concerned.—(J.C.)

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Do you want comfort and HARROGATE every convenience. Mr. & Mrs. E. Rubinstein COMFORTAIR !^^''^*^-Class Accommodation Koshruth Strictly Observed •"n with own bath, excellent Continental OAKBRAE GUEST HOUSE lood. TV. lounge, gardens ? Mrs. M. Eger 3 Springfield Avenue All Heating and Plumbing , Mrs. A. WOLFF. Opposite Maiestic Hotel. Few minutes 'Phone : Bournemouth 25453 3 Hemstal Rood. N.W.6 from Royal Baths. CENTRAL HEATING. SPE. 0615 (MAI. 8521) 'Phon* : 67GS2 Page 16 AJR INFORMATION September, 1963 LETTER TO THE EDITOR MAX HERRMANN-NEISSE Sir,—Mr. Fritz Friedlaender's doubts are HOCHHUTH'S PLAY written, it would be dangerous to sidetrack well-founded. Max Herrmann-Neisse was not the issue and shake off our uneasiness and a Jew. In the book " Juden im deutschen Sir,—Hochhuth's Der Stellvertreter is a feeling of guilt as human beings by finding Kulturbereich", edited by Siegmund Kaznel­ moving and very disturbing indictment of son (Juedischer Verlag, 1959) his name that Hochhuth is wrong, is anti-clerical and appears in the list of those non-Jewish person­ man, of every man of our time, religious, whatnot. The Jesuit priest acts on his alities who are mistakenly described as Jews W areligious and irreligious alike. To see in it Christian conscience, so does the S.S.-Ober- some reference books. merely a condemnation of Pope Pius XII sturmfuhrer Gerstein, a tormented Christian Yours, etc., would not only be too simple, but too comfort­ soul if ever there was one. And what about ELOW. able and comforting. The play must be judged the diabolical camp doctor, a depraved glut­ Hollywood 45. Calif. as it was written, not by its shortened version ton and lecher, and the host of other human July 26, 1963 as performed. beings, black, white and grey ? The concen­ The piety and humaneness of Pius XII are tration camp scenes are not only harrowing, GERMANS PLANT MARTIN BUBER not in question; it is his failure to act pub­ they are deeply moving. FOREST licly as the Head of the powerful Roman No, the play must be read complete and To mark the 85th birthday of Martin Buber, Catholic Church that is challenged by the judged as a well-construed, closely knit plea : prominent personalities in Germany have young Jesuit priest who feels he must atone a compassionate cry for humaneness and a decided to raise funds for the planting of a for the guilt of the Christian Church by shar­ condemnation of callousness, calculating Martin Buber Forest in Israel. The signatones ing the fate of the Jews in the extermination politics, unthinkable brutality and cruelty. of the appeal include Professor Franz Boehm. camp. It is a moot point whether Hochhuth Fear and complacency allowed free play to Professor Romano Guardini, AltbundeS- has overstated his case and thus spoilt it. For praesident Theodor Heuss, Mayor Werner Hitler not so long ago, silence or absence of Bockelmann and Dr. Gertrud Luckner. he is not alone in thinking that considerations effective action tolerate inhumanity thousands of diplomacy weighed more heavily vnth the of miles away today. Will it condone a recur­ DEATH OF DR. WALTER BERLIN Vatican than those of humanitarianism of rence nearer home tomorrow ? Let us not which there is ample evidence, and which is dispose of Der Stellvertreter because of It is learned with deep regret that D^- by no means confined to the Roman Church. mistakes here and there or because of its Walter Berlin passed away after a long illne?» One need only ihink of current attitudes to exaggerations—it is a drama, not an historical on August 21 at the age of 76. Prior to his the South African Government on its apar­ record!—but let it disturb us and galvanise emigration, when he was a lawyer in Nuern­ theid policy to realise that errors of judgment into heart-searching and action to prevent berg, he held leading positions in GermaD' are not the monopoly of one man or one such things in the future 1 Jewish life. In this country, he was actively institution. associated with the work of the AJR since its Yours, etc., inception, flrst as a Board member and, lat^^ While the Pope's error of judgment— on, as a member of the Executive. As the expressed in his silence and apparent ERWIN ROSENTHAL. news of his death reached us just before goinS acquiescence—is no doubt the focal point of Cambridge. to press, a full tribute will be paid to him '" the intense human drama Hochhuth has August 6, 1963. the next issue.

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