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Billy Budd Billy Britten Benjamin Fondazione Teatro La Fenice Di Venezia 5 BENJAMIN BRITTEN BILLY BUDD BRITTEN BILLY BENJAMIN FONDAZIONE TEATRO LA FENICE DI VENEZIA BILLY BUDD Benjamin Britten, ritratto fotografico, 1964. Foto Camera Press, Londra. 2 FONDAZIONE TEATRO LA FENICE DI VENEZIA BILLY BUDD opera in due atti di EDWARD MORGAN FORSTER e ERIC CROZIER dal racconto di HERMAN MELVILLE musica di BENJAMIN BRITTEN PALAFENICE AL TRONCHETTO Venerdì 23 giugno 2000, ore 20.30, turno A Domenica 25 giugno 2000, ore 15.30, turno B Martedì 27 giugno 2000, ore 20.30, turno D Giovedì 29 giugno 2000, ore 20.30, turno E Sabato 1 luglio 2000, ore 15.30, turno C 3 —————— Edizioni dell’Ufficio Stampa del TEATRO LA FENICE Responsabile Cristiano Chiarot A questo volume hanno collaborato: Carlida Steffan, Pierangelo Conte, Giorgio Tommasi Ricerca iconografica Maria Teresa Muraro Copertina Tapiro Pubblicità AP srl Torino 4 SOMMARIO 7 LA LOCANDINA 11 IL LIBRETTO 97 LE IMMAGINI DELLO SPETTACOLO 109 BILLY BUDD IN BREVE 113 ARGOMENTO - ARGUMENT - SYNOPSIS - HANDLUNG 127 MICHELE GIRARDI BILLY BUDD COME DESDEMONA? 139 SERGIO PEROSA IL ROMANZO DI HERMAN MELVILLE 149 DOCUMENTI HERMAN MELVILLE: BILLY BUDD, MARINAIO UN BILLY BUDD ITALIANO: IL LIBRETTO DI SALVATORE QUASIMODO PER L’OPERA DI GIORGIO FEDERICO GHEDINI 229 GIORGIO GUALERZI UN COMPOSITORE VENEZIANO 231 BENJAMIN BRITTEN a cura di MIRKO SCHIPILLITI 244 BIBLIOGRAFIA ESSENZIALE a cura di GILDO SALERNO 249 WWW.BILLY BUDD 251 BIOGRAFIE 5 Benjamin Britten, al centro, con lo scrittore inglese E. M. Forster, a sinistra, durante il periodo della prepa- razione del soggetto di Billy Budd. Foto BBC Hulton Picture Library. 6 LA LOCANDINA BILLY BUDD opera in due atti libretto di EDWARD MORGAN FORSTER e ERIC CROZIER dal racconto di HERMAN MELVILLE versione 1961 edizioni BOOSEY & HAWKES, London, rappresentante per l’Italia CASA RICORDI, Milano musica di BENJAMIN BRITTEN in lingua originale con sopratitoli in italiano personaggi ed interpreti principali Billy Budd MARK OSWALD Edward Fairfax Vere, capitano KEITH LEWIS John Claggart MONTE PEDERSON Mr Redburn ROBERT BORK Mr Flint PETER SIDHOM Mr Ratcliffe DANIEL LEWIS WILLIAMS Red Whiskers IAN HONEYMAN Donald GAETAN LAPERRIÈRE Dansker ERIC GARRETT Un novizio SIMON EDWARDS Squeak IORIO ZENNARO Nostromo PAUL ALEXANDRE DUBOIS Primo ufficiale GEOFFREY DOLTON Secondo ufficiale MATTIA NICOLINI Marinaio di coffa di maestra MATTEO LEE YEONG HWA Amico del novizio PAUL WILLENBROCK Arthur Jones GEORG NIGL Quattro marinai cadetti, ragazzo di cabina MANCHESTER BOYS’ CHOIR Un marinaio / Una voce ANDREA ZESE maestro concertatore e direttore ISAAC KARABTCHEVSKY regia di WILLY DECKER collaboratrice alla regia SABINE HARTMANNSHENN scene e costumi WOLFGANG GUSSMANN luci realizzazione luci HANS TOELSTEDE WOLFGANG SCHUNEMANN ORCHESTRA E CORO DEL TEATRO LA FENICE direttore del Coro GIOVANNI ANDREOLI maestro del Coro ALBERTO MALAZZI CORO LIRICO SINFONICO DI VERONA ricostruzione dell’allestimento dell’Opera di Colonia By Kind permission of the Manchester Boys’ Choir and by arrangement with the European Opera Centre, Manchester 7 direttore degli studi musicali HENRI FARGE direttore musicale di palcoscenico GIUSEPPE MAROTTA direttore di palcoscenico PAOLO CUCCHI responsabile allestimenti scenici MASSIMO CHECCHETTO assistente regia LUCA FERRARIS altro direttore di palcoscenico LORENZO ZANONI maestri di sala STEFANO GIBELLATO, ROBERTA FERRARI, SAMUELE PALA maestri di palcoscenico ILARIA MACCACARO, SILVANO ZABEO maestro suggeritore PIERPAOLO GASTALDELLO maestro alle luci GABRIELLA ZEN assistente scenografo STEFAN HEINRICHS assistente costumista ULRIKE ZIMMERMANN capo macchinista VALTER MARCANZIN capo elettricista VILMO FURIAN capo attrezzista ROBERTO FIORI capo sarta MARIA TRAMAROLLO responsabile della falegnameria ADAMO PADOVAN capogruppo figuranti CLAUDIO COLOMBINI costumi OPERA DI COLONIA attrezzeria OPERA DI COLONIA scene DECOR PAN (Treviso) calzature C.T.C. PEDRAZZOLI (Milano) sopratitoli STUDIO GR di Venezia 8 Benjamin Britten in una caricatura di Richard Wilson. 9 Benjamin Britten e il librettista Eric Crozier fotografati durante il periodo di lavorazione di Billy Budd. Foto Kurt Hutton. 10 IL LIBRETTO BILLY BUDD libretto di EDWARD MORGAN FORSTER e ERIC CROZIER adattamento dal racconto di HERMAN MELVILLE traduzione di PATR IZIA LERCO 11 BILLY BUDD BILLY BUDD Opera in two acts Opera in due atti music by musica di BENJAMIN BRITTEN BENJAMIN BRITTEN lyrics by libretto di E.M. FORSTER e ERIC CROZIER E.M. FORSTER e ERIC CROZIER Characters Personaggi EDWARD FAIRFAX VERE, Captain of H.M.S. EDWARD FAIRFAX VERE, Comandante del H.M.S. Indomitable - tenor Indomitable - tenore BILLY BUDD, Foretopman - baritone BILLY BUDD, gabbiere di parrocchetto - baritono JOHN CLAGGART, Master-at-arms - bass JOHN CLAGGART, maestro d’armi - basso MR REDBURN, First Lieutenant - baritone SIG. REDBURN, primo luogotenente - baritono MR FLINT, Sailing Master - bass-baritone SIG. FLINT, maestro di navigazione - basso- baritono LIEUTENANT RATCLIFFE - bass LUOGOTENENTE RATCLIFFE - basso RED WHISKERS, an impressed man - tenor RED WHISKERS, marinaio arruolato a forza - tenore DONALD, a sailor - baritone DONALD, marinaio - baritono THE NOVICE - tenor IL NOVIZIO - tenore SQUEAK, a ship’s corporal - tenor SQUEAK, caporale d’armi - tenore BOSUN - baritone NOSTROMO - baritono FIRST MATE - baritone PRIMO UFFICIALE - baritono SECOND MATE - baritone SECONDO UFFICIALE - baritono MAINTOP - tenor COFFA DI MAESTRA - tenore THE NOVICE’S FRIEND - baritone AMICO DEL NOVIZIO - baritono ARTHUR JONES, an impressed man - baritone ARTHUR JONES, marinaio arruolato a forza - baritono FOUR MIDSHIPMEN - boys’ voices QUATTRO ALLIEVI - voci bianche CABIN BOY - spoken MOZZO - ruolo parlato Officers, Sailors, Powder Monkeys, Drummers, Ufficiali, marinai, artificieri, tamburi, soldati di Marines. marina. On board the Indomitable, a seventy-four, A bordo dell’Indomitable, una settantaquattro, during the French wars of 1797. durante le guerre contro la Francia del 1797. 12 ACT ONE ATTO P R I MO PROLOGUE PROLOGO VERE is reveled as an old man. VERE appare ormai vecchio. VERE VERE I am an old man who has experienced much. Sono un uomo vecchio che ha molto vissuto. I have been a man of action and have fought for Sono stato un uomo d’azione e ho combattuto my King and country at sea. in mare per il mio Re e la mia Patria. I have also read books and studied and Ho anche letto dei libri, ho studiato, meditato e pondered and tried to fathom eternal truth. ho cercato di penetrare la verità eterna. Much good has been shown me and much evil, Mi è stato dato di vedere molte cose buone e and the good has never been perfect. There is molte cose malvage, ma le cose buone non always some flaw in it, some erano mai perfette. In esse vi è sempre una defect, some imperfection in the divine smagliatura, nell’immagine divina qualche image, some fault in the angelic song, difetto, qualche imperfezione, nel canto some stammer in the divine speech. So that the angelico qualche stonatura, nel discorso divino Devil still has something to do with qualche balbettio. Così che il Diavolo conserva every human consignment to this planet of sempre un suo ruolo su quanto di umano vi è earth. su questa terra. Oh what have I done? Oh what, what have I Oh cosa ho fatto? Oh cosa, cosa ho fatto? done? Confusion, so much is confusion! I have Confusione, quanta confusione! Ho cercato di tried to guide others rightly, but I have been lost essere una buona guida per gli altri, ma mi on the infinite sea. Who has blessed me? Who sono smarrito nel mare infinito. Chi mi ha saved me? In the summer of seventeen benedetto? Chi mi ha salvato? Nell’estate del hundred and ninety-seven, in the French wars, 1797, durante le guerre contro la Francia, nei in the difficult and dangerous days after the giorni difficili e pericolosi che seguirono Mutiny at the Nore, in the days when I, Edward l’Ammutinamento del Nore, nei giorni in cui io, Fairfax Vere, commanded the Indomitable… Edward Fairfax Vere, ero il comandante dell’Indomitable… (The lights go up on the main-deck and quarter- deck of H.M.S. Indomitable.) (Si accendono le luci sul ponte di coperta e sul cassero di poppa dell’H.M.S. Indomitable.) SCENE 1 SCENA 1 Early morning. A cutter has gone to board a pas- sing merchantman. An area of the main-deck is Mattina presto. Una scialuppa è partita all’ar- being holystoned by some sailors (the First rembaggio di una nave mercantile di passaggio. Party), in the charge of the First Mate. Alcuni marinai (Primo gruppo), agli ordini del Primo Ufficiale stanno lucidando una parte del ponte di coperta. FIRST MATE Pull, my bantams! Pull, my sparrow-legs! That’s PRIMO UFFICIALE right! Pull with a will! Bend to it, damn you! Tirate, gallinelle! Tirate, smidollati! Così va (He hits one man a crack with a rope’s end.) bene! Tirate con forza! Dateci dentro, per la miseria! 13 CHORUS (Sferza uno degli uomini con una corda.) (First Party) O heave! O heave away, heave! O heave! etc. CORO (Primo gruppo) (A second party of men, including Donald, arri- O issa! O issa, issa! O issa! etc. ves down stage, dragging holystones. It is led by the Second Mate.) (Un secondo gruppetto di uomini, tra i quali vi è Donald, entra in scena trascinando delle pietre per il lavaggio dei ponti. Sono comandati dal Se- SECOND MATE condo Ufficiale.) Here is the spot, men! Look at this main-deck! Stains on the deck of a seventy-four! Get’em off! SECONDO UFFICIALE Eccoci qui, ragazzi! Date un’occhiata a questo ponte di coperta! FIRST MATE Macchie sul ponte di coperta di una Pull with a will! settantaquattro! Ripulitele!
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