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COMPASS Points to Nucleon Spin I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH-ENERGY P HYSICS CERN COURIER V OLUME 46 NUMBER 6 J ULY/AUGUST 2006 COMPASS points to nucleon spin LHC DETECTORS NEW PARTICLES CENTENARY First cosmic rays In search of the Majorana: genius for ALICE p8 elusive axion p19 and mystery p23 Includes www.vectorfields.com Quench Solver! Opera New release takes centre stage All eyes are on the new version of NEW! De-magnetisation solver in OPERA-3d OPERA as it hits new highs in advanced NEW! Superconducting Magnet Quench electromagnetic modelling. solver NEW! OPERA-3d Rotating Machines solver to Designed for outstanding performance, interface with the Solid Modeller and Propagation of a quench in a OPERA’s powerful analysis tools are fast, include external circuits and superconducting magnet accurate and stable, solving millions of mechanical coupling elements in minutes even with the most NEW! Multi-physics analysis of non-linear demanding models. The ideal package materials for a wide range of applications, OPERA NEW! Non-linear circuit components is incredibly easy to use, so you can stay NEW! OPERA Manager with file browser and focused on creating exceptional designs. enhanced scheduling/priority control See the all-new OPERA in action – order your free evaluation copy today by calling +44 (0)1865 370151 or emailing [email protected] Eddy currents and residual magnetisation in a PMDC magnet stack Vector Fields Ltd 24 Bankside, Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1JE, U.K. Tel: +44 (0)1865 370151 Fax: +44 (0)1865 370277 Email: [email protected] Vector Fields Inc 1700 North Farnsworth Avenue, Aurora, IL, 60505. USA Tel: (630) 851 1734 Fax: (630) 851 2106 Email: [email protected] A Cobham Group company CONTENTS Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier is distributed to member-state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the CERN management. CERN Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +41 (0) 22 785 0247 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory board James Gillies, Rolf Landua and Maximilian Metzger VOLUME 46 NUMBER 6 JULY/AUGUST 2006 Laboratory correspondents: Argonne National Laboratory (US): D Ayres Brookhaven National Laboratory (US): P Yamin Cornell University (US): D G Cassel DESY Laboratory (Germany): Ilka Flegel, Ute Wilhelmsen EMFCSC (Italy): Anna Cavallini Enrico Fermi Centre (Italy): Guido Piragino Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US): Judy Jackson Forschungszentrum Jülich (Germany): Markus Buescher GSI Darmstadt (Germany): I Peter INFN (Italy): Barbara Gallavotti IHEP, Beijing (China): Tongzhou Xu Jefferson Laboratory (US): Steven Corneliussen JINR Dubna (Russia): B Starchenko KEK National Laboratory (Japan): Youhei Morita Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (US): Spencer Klein Los Alamos National Laboratory (US): C Hoffmann The LHC is on track for 2007 p5 Golden ‘buckyballs’ discovered p9 CMS prepares for testing p28 NIKHEF Laboratory (Netherlands): Paul de Jong Novosibirsk Institute (Russia): S Eidelman 5 Orsay Laboratory (France): Anne-Marie Lutz News PPARC (UK): Peter Barratt LHC start-up confirmed for 2007. MAGIC discovers variable very-high- PSI Laboratory (Switzerland): P-R Kettle Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK): Natalie Bealing energy gamma-ray emission from a microquasar. EIFast workshop presents Saclay Laboratory (France): Elisabeth Locci XFEL project to international industry. Parametric X-ray radiation yields new IHEP, Serpukhov (Russia): Yu Ryabov Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (US): Neil Calder tool to detect relativistic nuclei. ALICE experiment sees first cosmic-ray TRIUMF Laboratory (Canada): Marcello Pavan events. ASACUSA measures antiproton mass with record precision. Produced for CERN by Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd, Dirac House, Temple Back, Bristol BS1 6BE, UK Sciencewatch 9 Tel: +44 (0)117 929 7481; E-mail: [email protected]; Web: iop.org Astrowatch 10 Publishing director Richard Roe Publisher Jo Nicholas Art director Andrew Giaquinto CERN Courier Archive 11 Production editor Jonathan Cailes Technical illustrator Alison Tovey Display advertisement manager Ed Jost Features Display sales Europe Tom Houlden Display sales North America Ed Jost The future’s bright for the Pierre Auger Observatory 12 Recruitment advertisement manager Jayne Orsborn Alan Watson describes progress with the biggest cosmic-ray experiment. Deputy recruitment advertisement manager Moo Ali Recruitment and classified sales Adam Hylands, Jayne Orsborn and Kathryn Zerboni COMPASS homes in on the nucleon spin 15 Advertisement production Katie Graham Product manager Claire Webber A look at CERN’s latest experiment to study nucleon spin structure. Advertising 19 Tel: +44 (0)117 930 1026 (for UK/Europe display advertising), Let there be axions +1 215 627 0880 (for North American display advertising), or Konstantin Zioutas reports on the current status of axion research. +44 (0)117 930 1196 (for recruitment advertising); E-mail: [email protected]; Fax: +44 (0)117 930 1178 Ettore Majorana: genius and mystery 23 General distribution Courrier Adressage, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Antonino Zichichi provides insight into the brilliant young scientist who Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] In certain countries, to request copies or to make address mysteriously disappeared. changes, contact: China Keqing Ma, Library, Institute of High Energy Physics, PO Box 918, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China. CMS closes up for magnet test and cosmic challenge 28 E-mail: [email protected] Germany Veronika Werschner, DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 How this LHC experiment is preparing for final tests above ground. Hamburg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] Italy Loredana Rum or Anna Pennacchietti, INFN, Casella Postale 56, 00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Pisa pushes new frontiers 31 UK Mark Swaisland, Chadwick Library, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, Cheshire WA4 4AD, UK. Giorgio Chiarelli reports on the latest Pisa meeting on frontier detectors. E-mail: [email protected] US/Canada Published by Cern Courier, 6N246 Willow Drive, St Charles, IL 60175, US. Periodical postage paid in St Charles, IL, Faces and Places 33 US. Fax: 630 377 1569. E-mail: [email protected] POSTMASTER: send address changes to: Creative Mailing Services, PO Box 1147, St Charles, IL 60174, US Recruitment 42 Published by European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, Bookshelf 51 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. Tel: +41 (0) 22 767 61 11 Telefax: +41 (0) 22 767 65 55 Printed by Warners (Midlands) plc, Bourne, Lincolnshire, UK © 2006 CERN ISSN 0304-288X Cover: The COMPASS experiment at CERN uses ring imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counters to identify particles produced in high-energy muon collisions, in studies to understand better the spin structure of the nucleon (p15). This image shows the mirror wall of RICH 1. CERN Courier July/August 2006 3 ADVERTISING FEATURE Brookhaven National Laboratory chooses SAES® Getters’ new NEG thin-film technology to coat the RHIC machine Project outline IntegraTorr™ sputtered Boosting high-energy machine performance Brookhaven National Laboratory at Upton, non-evaporable getter thin film The technique of sputtering NEG thin Long Island, NY has chosen IntegraTorr™, films for use as vacuum pumping for parti- SAES Getters’ new non-evaporable getter has been chosen to coat cle accelerators was originally developed (NEG) thin-film technology for ultra-high 108 vacuum chambers of the and patented by CERN in Geneva, to meet vacuum pumping, to coat 108 vacuum Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider specific requirements of the Large Hadron chambers of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Col- (RHIC) machine Collider (LHC) project. Thanks to a license lider (RHIC) machine. The world-class sci- agreement and a successful technology entific research facility attracts about 1,000 transfer, this sputtering technique has physicists each year from around the world become part of SAES Getters’ NEG product who gather at RHIC to investigate what the portfolio under the IntegraTorr trademark. universe may have looked like in the first IntegraTorr is a highly innovative way to few moments after its creation. RHIC drives integrate non-evaporable getterpumping two intersecting beams of gold ions travel- into a particle accelerator vacuum cham- ing at 99.995% the speed of light head-on to ber. It is achieved by depositing a sputtered create subatomic collisions, which cause NEG film about 1 micron thick onto the the matter to heat to more than a billion vacuum chamber, thus providing a very times the temperature of the sun. Phenom- effective barrier to the gas species which ena originating from these heavy ion colli- would otherwise desorb from the cham- sions help scientists study the fundamental ber surface. The NEG film also acts as properties of the basic building blocks of Cross section of a vacuum chamber with a powerful, fully distributed “in situ” matter, deepening understanding about the IntegraTorr non-evaporable getter coating. pump, efficiently absorbing molecules and laws of the physical world, from the small- keeping extremely low pressures, un- est subatomic particles to the largest stars. matched by other techniques. If the whole Worldwide market leader in getter com- vacuum chamber is coated, a distributed ponents for cathode
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