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Norsk Polarins Titutt NORSK POLARINSTITUTT 0 ARBOK 1985 The Annual Report of the Norwegian Polar Research Institute NORSK POLARINSTITUTT OSLO 1986 ISBN 82-90307-4 1-1 Printed June 1986 The expedition ship K/V ANDENES was an object of great interest for the original inhabitants of Antarctica, the penguins, during the NARE expedition 1984/85 Contents Annua! Report of the Norwegian Polar Research Institute ............................................................ 7 Topicalities ........................................................................ "................................................................ 23 Published in 1985 ................................................................................................................................ 30 Meetings, courses and teaching ......" ................................................................................................. 37 Institute staff . ......... ...................... ............................. .......................................................................... 39 Accounts for 1985 ."..... " "". "" .. """""""""""""""." .......""" .. "...... " "..... " " ..." "" ..." .. """ ..... "." .... 4 1 Grants and financialassistance forresearch projects ""...... "" .. """"""".... ""...... ".... """" ....."."" 42 Thor Siggerud: Jan Mayen - still an active volcano """".... " ... """.. """ ...... "..... "" .."""""""" .. ". 43 Annual Report of the Norwegian Polar Research Institute Norsk Polarinstitutt (NP) is Norway's central institute for the scientific research of Svalbard, Jan Mayen, the polar seas and the Norwegian dependencies in the Antarctic and for the mapping of the Norwegian polar land areas. Apart from its own mapping and research within the fields of geology, geophysics and biology, Norsk Polarinstitutt also acts as an advisor and coordinator for other Norwegian and foreign scientific expeditions to Svalbard. Personnel Add ress Director : Odd Rogne Rolfstangveien 12, P.O. Box 158 Research director : Jan A. Holtet N-1330 Oslo Lufthavn, Norway No. of permanent posts : 42 1/z Tel : 02- 123650 No. of temporary posts : 4 1 /2 Telex : 74745 Polar N Contracted personnel : 7 Telefax : 02- 123650 Organization I Geological division (9) I I Geophysical division (5) I Eo gical division (2) I Head of Geodetic/topographical division ( 4) Director Research I Cartographical division (3 1h) Expedition leader, Arctic Research Station (4 1/z) Logistics division (5) I Svalbard Office [Office Manager Office administration (7 1/z) I Documentation division ( 4 1h) 7 The past year Norway restarted its regular summer expedi­ ment will be heavily influenced by tion activity in Antarctica at the beginning of these investigations. 1985, when the Norwegian Antarctic Research The field operations were at a normal leve! Expedition (NARE) 1984/85 was in full opera­ with smaller groups working during winter, tion. Scientists and personnel from the Insti­ and the main field work concentrated on the tute and other Norwegian research institutions summer expedition. Priority on this expedition participated. A visiting Swedish scientist was was given to topographic measurements and also a member of the expedition. Further de­ related mapping activities. The Geographical tails on the Antarctic expedition are to be Survey of Norway (NGO), being responsible found on pages 12- 15. for gravity measurements and the first order Another important event of the year was the triangulation network, was invited to join the discussions in the Parliament of the Parliamen­ expedition. Several contracted scientists took tary paper No. 26 (1982-83) concerning envi­ part working on biological registrations and ronmental protection, mapping and research in thematical mapping. Further details are found the polar areas. The Parliament concluded that later in this report and in the field report pub­ there was a need for a fundamentalstrengthen­ lished as NP Report No. 25, 1985. ing of Norsk Polarinstitutt and a recommenda­ The Institute has suffered from Jack of suffi­ tion was made to develop plans for escalating cient office and laboratory space for many mapping and research in Norwegian polar are­ years. The logistics department has had a spe­ as. As to Antarctic activities, the Parliament cial problem, with its equipment stored in sever­ fully supported the government's decision to al places throughout the town. This situation send regular summer expeditions. In addition, was improved in 1985 by the hiring of new pre­ the Parliament requested a proposal for a mises for the department, enabling all equip­ Norwegian all-year station in Antarctica. ment to be collected in one place. The most significant development in Nor­ The Directorate of Organization and Man­ wegian polar areas in 1985 was the increase in agement worked on the Institute organizsation activities by oil- and other private companies most of the year and produced a draft report in in Svalbard. Although this increase of effort December. No major changes were recommend­ started the previous year, the growth was sub­ ed. stantial in 1985 and is anticipated to continue. As a result the demand for information and other services provided by the Institute has Appointments been greater than in the past. The consequences on the environment of Biologist Thor Larsen received his Dr.philos. growing industrial activity is of concern to the degree with a thesis entitled Abundance, Range Institute as well as to the Ministry of the Envi­ and Population Biology of the Polar Bear (Ursus ronment. The Ministry asked the Institute to maritimus) in the Svalbard Area. Glaciologist start planning investigations into effects on the Olav Orheim was elected Secretary/Chairman environment created by the activities of oil and of SCAR's Working Group on Glaciology. other industrial companies. The study of envi­ ronmental effects of oil exploration in the Ba­ rents Sea and possible effects of oil spills, etc., requires a large-scale collection of data on the Field work physical environment as well as on the ecologi­ cal system. Similar investigations are needed to The NARE 1984/85 expedition was underway ascertain the effects on land. A planning coor­ at the beginning of the year, and 77 persons (28 dinator was appointed to the Institute in the scientists) were involved in the field until the late autumn. The Institute's work and develop- expedition returned home in March. 8 3• 5• 9• ° 5° ° 12 1 1a· 21° 24 27° Toktrute Lance 1985 -- rålf'r R (/7-.1.-12_a.J ----- re 1tr:8 (1'1.B.-29.B.) 15 Fig. 1. Theroutes of the two LANCEcruises in the summer of 1985. 9 A total of 133 persons took part in the lnsti­ Jack of sea ice and accompanying sea\s. A total tute's field programmes in the Svalbard area, of 395 walrus was observed. of which 26 were from the Institute's staff, 29 Oceanographic observations were carried were engaged professional personnel and field out in cooperation with the University of Goth­ assistants, 40 were scientists involved in co­ enburg as part of a programme attempting to operation projects, and 38 were the crew of the determine the relative intluence of the north ship and helicopters. A number of other pro­ Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean water masses grammes were supported logistically, and/or around the Svalbard archipelago. In addition, financially through the scholarship account studies were made on the effects of the local (see page 42). conditions in Svalbard (precipitation, ice melt­ ing and ice formation) on the oceanographic A. Svalbard conditions in the adjoining sea areas. Two automatic meteorological stations were 1. Scientific cruises set up on Kongsøya and Kvitøya during the cruises. Two scientific cruises were carried out with the In cooperation with the Hydrographic Of­ expedition ship m/s Lance resulting in a cir­ fice of Norway and the Norwegian Coast­ cumnavigation of almost the entire archipela­ guard, marine geologi cal/geophysical and go. Conditions were unusually good also this oceanographic investigations were carried out summer, and a minimum of sea ice was en­ in the western Barents Sea. One upward­ countered, even in the far north-eastern part of looking sonar was deployed in the Fram Strait Svalbard. and another in the Barents Sea to monitor the Both cruises concentrated on geodetic and ice thickness and ice-keel frequencies. Two topographic activities which will improve the current metres were also deployed in the mapping of Svalbard. The Norwegian Geo­ Barents Sea. graphical Survey (NGO) was invited to join the In cooperation with the University of Oslo, cruises and a fruitful cooperation was achiev­ an extensive cataloguing of the geological coastal ed. NP was responsible for geodetic measure­ environment of Svalbard was continued by pho­ ments, triangulation, magnetism and tide me­ tographing and video filming of the northern asurements, while NGO concentrated on GPS and eastern coastline. Only a few localities now (Global Positioning System) and gravity meas­ remain to be surveyed. urements. The combined use of the expedition A general survey of certain historical re­ ship, two helicopters and intlatable boats al­ mains was included in the second cruise. lowed for a fast and efficient moving of the seven teams involved in this work between the various stations around the archipelago. Several other scientific disciplines were re­ 2. Field work on land presented on board during both cruises. NP's biological programme included a comprehen­ Geology - Four of the Institute's eight geolo­ sive mapping and census of seabird colonies
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