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Faculty of Science Department of Earth Science Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Stream Remote Sensing and GIS Based Poverty Mapping Small- Area Estimation Approach In Rural Oromiya Regional State BY ATRESHIWAL GIRMA ADVISOR K.V. SURYABHAGAVAN (DR.) CO-ADVISOR DAVID C.STIFEL (PROF) June, 2012 GIS Based Poverty Analysis and Mapping in Rural Oromiya Regional State. ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES Remote Sensing and GIS Based Poverty Mapping Small- Area Estimation Approach in Rural Oromiya Regional State THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES, ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM BY ATRESHIWAL GIRMA Approved by Board of Examiners 1. Advisor Signature ____________________________ ___________________________ 2. Co- Advisor ____________________________ ___________________________ 1. Examiner ____________________________ ___________________________ 2. Examiner ___________________________ ___________________________ June, 2012 2 GIS Based Poverty Analysis and Mapping in Rural Oromiya Regional State. Declaration This thesis is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university, and that all sources of material used for the thesis have been duly acknowledged. Name: Atreshiwal Girma Signature: ----------------------- Place: Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia Date: June, 2012 The thesis has been submitted for examination with my approval as a university advisor. -------------------------- Dr.K.V Suryabhagavan 3 GIS Based Poverty Analysis and Mapping in Rural Oromiya Regional State. Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank ‘Almighty God’ who made it possible, to begin and finish this work successfully. I do not have adequate words to express my feelings of gratitude to my advisor Professor David C. Stifel and Dr.K.V Suryabhagavan whose benevolent guidance and constant encouragement helped me to complete the present research work successfully. They are the persons who have always helped me. Their constant encouragement made me strong enough to face every ups and down with confidence during the present research study. I am grateful to Ato Yakob Mudesir and Sisay Guta, for their help, encouragement and cooperation which gave me enough strength to carry out the present research study. I am also thankful to the Central Statistical Agency, Metrological Agency, from where I received all kind of resource support. Words cannot express my feelings which I have for my mama, and the whole family; Dr. Yodit Girma, Alemeshet, Maergu, Zemedhun, Hanna. I am highly indebted to them for their blessing, advice, encouragement and support. I would like to convey my special thanks to my friends, Abiy wogderes, our department secretary Roman Kefyalew, professor Bezunesh Tameru, Abate Sidelel, Enedalech Mulugeta, Yefetusera Negatu, Ejegayehu Mamo, and EDRI staff members Mekamu Kedir, Hailu Shiferaw, Emily, Hilina Telahun and many others for their constant encouragement and help. (Atreshiwal Girma) 4 GIS Based Poverty Analysis and Mapping in Rural Oromiya Regional State. Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………………………………………4 LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………….7 LIST OF FIGURE……………………………………………………………………….7 CHAPTER ONE………………………………………………………………………….11 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 11 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY ............................................................. 13 1.1.1 Rainfall .................................................................................... 14 1.1.2 Agro ecological zones ................................................................ 16 1.1.3 Soil .......................................................................................... 17 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ............................................................. 18 1.3. ARGUMENT ..................................................................................... 19 1.4 OBJECTIVE ..................................................................................... 19 1.5 SOURCES OF DATA ............................................................................ 20 1.6 POVERTY DETERMINANTS .................................................................... 21 1.7 MEASURES OF POVERTY ..................................................................... 21 1.8 CATEGORIES OF MAJOR POVERTY MEASURES ......................................... 22 1.9 THE ROLE OF GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS .............................. 23 1.10 THE ROLE OF SATELLITES IMAGE AND DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING .......... 24 CHAPTER TWO………………………………………………………………………….26 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................... 26 2.1 Small Area Estimation for Analyzing Rural Poverty ....................... 26 CHAPTER THREE………………………………………………………………………32 3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………………………………..32 3.1 METHODS ........................................................................................ 32 3.1.1 Data collection ......................................................................... 32 3.1.2 Implementation Procedure ........................................................ 33 3.2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 36 3.3 GROUNDTRUTHING ............................................................................ 41 3.3.1 Steps followed during land use verification & display in ArcGIS . 41 CHAPTER FOUR………………………………………………………………………..44 4.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ........................................................... 44 5 GIS Based Poverty Analysis and Mapping in Rural Oromiya Regional State. 4.1 POVERTY MAPPING ............................................................................. 44 4.2 GIS ANALYSIS .................................................................................. 44 4.2.1 Hotspot analysis for Poverty Indices .......................................... 46 4.3 POVERTY MAPS WITH OTHER GEO-REFERENCED DATA ............................. 48 4.3.1 Poverty Headcount vs. Number of Population ............................ 49 4.3.2 Poverty & Education................................................................. 50 4.3.3 Poverty & Water ....................................................................... 51 4.3.4 Poverty & Roads ....................................................................... 52 4.3.5 Climate-Poverty linkages .......................................................... 54 4.3.6 Measures of Distance and Physical Accessibility ........................ 56 4.4 LAND USE/LAND COVER: - SELECTED WOREDAS ................................... 57 DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………..71 CHAPTER FIVE………………………………………………………………………….74 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION .................................................. 74 5.1 CONCLUSION ................................................................................... 74 5.2 RECOMMENDATION ............................................................................ 76 REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………………77 ANNEX……………………………………………………………………………………..82 6 GIS Based Poverty Analysis and Mapping in Rural Oromiya Regional State. List of Tables Table 1.1 List of data source and materials............................................... 21 Table 1.2 Poverty line used in the Ethiopian poverty analysis report of 1995/96, 1999/2000 and 2004/05 all measured at 1995/96 national average prices ......... 22 Table 3.1: Dummy Variables/ explanatory variable ................................... 34 Table 4.1: Guji Zone Liben Woreda Land Use/Land Cover Classes ............ 59 Table 4.2: Guji Zone Bore woreda Land Use/Land Cover Classes.............. 60 Table 4.3: IluAbaBora Zone Diga woreda Land Use/Land cover classes ..... 61 Table 4.7: West Harerge Zone Chiro woreda Land use/land cover Classes . 65 Table 4.8: East Wellega Zone Sibu Sire Woredas Land use/land Cover Classes .... 66 Table 4.9: North Shewa Zone Sululta Woreda Land use/Land Cover Classes ........ 67 Table 4.10: Jimma Zone Mana Woreda Land use/land Cover classes......... 68 Table 4.11: Jimma Zone Limukossa Woreda Land use/land Cover Classes 69 Table 4.12: Jimma Zone Gomma Woreda Land use/land Cover Classes..... 70 List of Figure Figure 1.1 Location map of the Study Area ............................................... 14 Figure 1.2 Rainfall Distributions .............................................................. 15 Figure 1.3 Agro –ecological zones map ...................................................... 17 Figure 1.4 Soil Map ................................................................................. 18 Figure 1.5: Flow Chart ............................................................................. 36 Figure 3.2: West and South-West Shewa Zone Verification ........................ 42 Figure 3.3: East Wellega Zone Verification ................................................ 42 Figure 3.4: East Shewa Zone Verification.................................................. 43 Figure 4.1: Rural poverty map EA level ..................................................... 45 Figure 4.2: Rural poverty map Woreda level .............................................. 46 Figure 4.3: Hotspot Analysis for Poverty Indices ........................................ 47 Figure 4.4: poverty indices and Number of Poor Population map ............... 49 Figure 4.5: Poverty Indices and school attendance map............................
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