Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org) SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN AMENITIES IN SRINAGER CITY AND

*Jahangeer Afzal Parry, *Nisar Ahmad Kuchay, *Showkat Ahmad Ganaie & **Prof. M. Sultan Bhat

** Professor and Head, Department of Geography and Regional Development, . * Research Scholars, Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Kashmir. Abstract : Urban amenities comprise the infrastructure, goods and services that are collectively needed for the urban society. These are central to urban society without which urban society cannot emerge and sustain. There is uneven distribution of the different urban amenities particularly in the developing countries. city also shows significant unevenness in the provision of urban amenities. The analysis of the data reveals that there is complete disparity in the distribution of health care institutions and ration depots in different wards (Municipal units) of the city. Twenty six wards of the city out of sixty eight (38 percent) have absence of any Health Institution, while as seven wards (10 percent) have deficiency in the establishment of Health Institutions, six wards (9 Percent) have self sufficiency and the rest twenty nine wards (43 percent) posses above normal concentration. Similarly, in case of ration stores, thirty six wards out of sixty eight (53 percent) have above normal concentration, while as the rest thirty two wards (47 percent) have deficiency in the arrangement of provision of ration stores. Even six wards in the city have absence of the ration stores. Ward wise wazirbagh leads the hierarchy as having highest concentration of both Ration stores and Health Institutions. The amenities generally decrease from the core of the city to its peripheries. Therefore it becomes imperative to find a sustainable solution for the provision of adequate and balanced urban amenities and their optimum utilization.

Keywords: Amenities, Core, Periphery, Spatial, Optimum Utilization

1.0 Introduction Human life and development is based on the extent to which man can satisfy the basic needs such as food, clothing and shelter. In order to fulfill these and other needs, man requires access to certain facilities such as market, housing, water supply, electricity and adequate transportation (Adekunle et al, 2011). The access to basic amenities like electricity, drinking water, toilet facility, sanitation, health care facilities and solid waste management are critical determinants of urban quality of life (Bhagat, 2010). Though these infrastructures form an important and integral part of life of any community, either rural or urban but they are unequally distributed over space. Many empirical findings have shown that facilities are unequally distributed in our communities such that the vast majority of the people are caught in a never ending struggle to gain access to these infrastructures in order to improve their quality of life (Eyles, 1996; Oyerinde, 2006). Inequalities in access to social infrastructures may be as a result of inefficiency in the distribution and allocation of facilities between areas or as a result of social barriers like ethnicity, religion or status which may directly limit certain groups from having access to public facilities. This is a prominent characteristic of a capitalist economy (Stevenson, 2004). The spatial variation in availability and access to infrastructure result in spatial disparities in living standards both within and between regions and localities (Madu, 2007). Knowledge of the nature and pattern of distribution of existing facilities in any region is needed before we make any attempt to project and plan their future development.

Objectives

• To analyze the spatial distributional pattern of health care institutions and ration stores in Srinagar City.

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

• To examine and analyze the magnitude of spatial concentration and disparity in the provision of health care facility and ration stores in the city. • To identify the over served and underserved wards for future planning of these amenities in the city.

2.0 Data Base

The Survey of toposheets (1971) on scale 1:50000 (J12, J16 and K13) were used in the present study to generate base map. Data pertaining to various socio-economic variables like total population of the city, its ward wise distribution, location and strength of different urban amenities etc. have been gathered accordingly from various departments. The data on population and its various attributes was obtained from Census Department; Information pertaining to different types of health institutions was gathered from Directorate of Health Services Kashmir and Department of Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution. Srinagar (J&K) was consulted to provide data related to ration stores in the city. Software’s used i) ERDAS IMAGINE 9.0 ii) Arc View GIS 3.2a

3.0 Methodology Adopted In order to accomplish the objectives taken for the study, the methodology has been divided into two branches. First the base map was generated and subsequently by geo-referencing it was made compatible for making further maps. Secondly the data collected from different sources has been treated statistically by using the appropriate methods of determining the spatial variation, spatial concentration and spatial disparity. Flow Chart of methodology is given below (Fig. 1.1).

Methodology Adopted

SOI toposheets Secondary Data

Geo -referencing Amenity Data Population Data Delineation of Study Area

Population-Amenity Ratio Digitization

Base Map

Ward Map Ward wise Amenity Distribution

Spatial Variation Spatial Concentration Spatial Disparity

Identification of Gaps and Prioritization of Wards for future Planning

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

Fig.1.1 Flow Chart of Methodology

Study Area Srinagar city is located between 34º0´ - 34º14´ N and 74º43´ - 74º52´E (Fig. 1.2). It is the summer capital of the state of Jammu & Kashmir (Hussain, 2006). It is situated at an altitude of 5200 feet above the mean sea level and has grown over the past about eleven hundred years on either banks of river Jhelum of , so vast and so level that the people living here have forgotten that they live in Himalayas. The city as well as its hinterland is encircled by the natural wall of mountains (the sub-mountain branches of the Pir Panjal range) whose height varies from 1800 to 4300 meters above the mean sea level midst of an oval shaped valley of Kashmir. The total area of the city at present is 278.1Km 2 excluding cantonment area under Defence use (Bhat, 2007). The total population of Srinagar municipality is 1147617 (Census, 2011).

Fig. 1.2

4.0 Results and Discussion

(I) Spatial Variation Proper and even distribution of health care institutions is vital for the development of any region as it is intimately related to the nature and welfare of better human resource. Similarly the ration stores are important for ensuring the food security. The distribution of health care institutions and ration stores ward wise in the Srinagar city is presented in the Table 1.1. Wide variation is observed in the availability of health care establishments and ration stores across the wards. , Palpora and Khomeni Chowk , for example, accounts for the largest number of healthcare establishments . Largest numbers of ration stores are found in , Parimpora, Lal bazaar, Hazratbal and Khomeni chowk followed by , Zainkot and Ganpatyar. While as on contrarary, Khonmoh, Mukdoom Sahib, Lawaypora etc. have no ration store and Chanapaora, Allochi Bagh, Batamaloo etc. don’t posses any health care establishment. Such variations indicate that the distribution of public facilities across wards is not proportional to the distribution of population.

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

Table 1.1: Distribution of Public Facilities/Urban Amenities in Srinagar City

Health Ward Name Area Sq. Km Population Ration Depot Institution Badamibagh 15 Cantonment Harwan 9 27884 9 1 Nishat 11 19795 15 2 Dalgate 5 16582 7 2 Lalchowk 2 9919 7 1 2.2 10142 7 2 Jawahar Nagar 1.2 14807 3 1 Wazir Bagh 2.1 3084 3 3 Mehjoor Nagar 3.5 25294 7 1 Natipora 2.2 14372 9 1 Channapora 1.9 21779 2 0 Bhagat Barzulla 8 29937 10 2 Rawalpora 7.5 13727 5 3 Sheikh Dawood Colney 1 9830 4 0 Batamaloo 1 15732 3 1 Aloochi Bagh 1 16824 15 0 Magarmal Bagh 1 7456 5 3 Nundreshi Colony 3 11819 5 1 Qamarwari 1 8830 5 1 Parimpora 2.2 17022 14 0 Zainakot 3.5 21065 10 0 East 2.2 14143 4 0 Bemina West 6 26590 0 0 Shaheed Gunj 1 9375 6 3 1.5 11120 6 2 Chattabal 1 17152 3 0 Syed Ali Akbar 0.5 16229 4 0 Nawab Bazar 0.5 14469 1 0 Islamyarbal 0.5 11494 2 0 Aali Kadal 0.5 8765 3 1 Ganpathyar 0.5 13132 9 0 Malik Aangan 0.3 15622 2 0 Barbarshas 1.2 20527 4 0 Khankhai Mohalla 0.8 15724 2 0 S.R.Gunj 0.3 18121 2 0 Aqil-Mir 0.5 18043 1 1 Khawja Bazar 1.3 17429 0 0 Safakadal 1.1 19907 6 0 Idd Gah 2.2 26564 4 0 Tarabal 1.3 9168 3 1 Jogilangar 0.5 21949 2 2 Zind Shah sahab 0.5 12421 4 1

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

Hassanabad 1.3 17286 1 1 Jamia Masjid 0.2 8215 6 0 Mukhdoom Sahab 2.1 18755 0 0 Kawdara 2 23141 4 0 Zadibal 2 15128 3 2 Madin Sahab 2.2 13155 3 2 Now Shehra 1 11441 3 0 Zoonimar 1.6 15401 3 1 Lal Bazar 3.5 22140 14 1 Umer Conony 4.5 26754 2 2 Soura 1 11629 4 3 Buchpora 2.7 23119 11 1 Ahmad Nagar 7 30511 3 0 Zakura 15 11114 3 1 Hazratbal 3 17218 13 4 Teal bal 6 17369 7 1 Bud dal 13 13233 2 0 Lokut Dal 9 19985 3 2 Dara 13 23943 6 2 Alesteng 11 18928 3 3 Palpora 22 26160 8 4 Maloora 7 21374 0 2 Laweypora 10 12419 0 1 Khumani Chowk 15 25194 12 4 Humhama 17 18929 3 0 Pandrathen 4 17324 9 2 Khanmoh 7 13908 0 1 Total 291.6 1147617 339 76

Source: (1) Directorate of Health Services, Kashmir (2) Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution Department, Srinagar, J&K, 2011

The distribution of different health institutions and Ration Stores in the city has been presented in the Fig. 1.3.and1.4. It is clear from the figures that there is complete disparity in the distribution of health care establishments and Ration Stores in different wards. Most of the wards lying close to the main city center do posses the appropriate health care facilities, but the wards off the city center are devoid of the same. Though there are ration stores in each and every ward but their concentration is not in consonance with the population in the different wards of the city.

Figure 1.3(Source) Directorate of Health Services Srinager, J &k Distribution(CAPD)

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

.Fig 1.4 (Source) Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution (CAPD) Department, Srinagar, J&K.

(II) Spatial Concentration An idea about the extent of concentration of public facilities in different wards of the city has been obtained by taking into consideration the distribution of population in analysis. In this context the use of location quotient method proved helpful. This method is in fact used to measure the extent to which the public facilities in different parts such as wards in a city are in balance (Jahan & Oda, 2005). The location quotient is a device for comparing a ward's percentage share of a particular facility with its percentage share of its population. For calculating the location quotient (L.Q.) for a particular facility ‘i’ in a particular ward, the following formula has been used.

L.Q. = (n i / p) / (N i / P) Where, ni = Number of facility ‘i' in a given ward, p = Population of the concerned ward, Ni = Number of facility i in Srinagar City, P = Total population of Srinagar City.

If L.Q >1, Concentration is indicated means the per capita availability of that facility in the ward exceeds that of the city as a whole. L.Q <1, indicates Deficiency and L.Q=1 indicates self-sufficiency. Location quotient of healthcare institutions and ration stores is given in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2: Ward wise Analysis of Health Care Institutions and Ration Stores in Srinagar City Percentag e of Locatio Locatio Percenta Percenta Health Health n n ge of Ratio ge of Care Care Quotie Quotie Populati Populati n Ration Instituti Institutio nt of nt of Ward Name on on Store Stores on ns HCI R.S Badamibagh Cant. Harwan 27884 2.43 9 2.65 1 1.32 0.54 1.09 Nishat 19795 1.72 15 4.42 2 2.63 1.53 2.57 Dalgate 16582 1.44 7 2.06 2 2.63 1.82 1.43 Lalchowk 9919 0.86 7 2.06 1 1.32 1.52 2.39 Rajbagh 10142 0.88 7 2.06 2 2.63 2.98 2.34 Jawahar Nagar 14807 1.29 3 0.88 1 1.32 1.02 0.69 Wazir Bagh 3084 0.27 3 0.88 3 3.95 14.69 3.30 Mehjoor Nagar 25294 2.20 7 2.06 1 1.32 0.60 0.94 Natipora 14372 1.25 9 2.65 1 1.32 1.05 2.12

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

Channapora 21779 1.90 2 0.59 0 0.00 0.00 0.31 Bhagat Barzulla 29937 2.61 10 2.95 2 2.63 1.01 1.13 Rawalpora 13727 1.20 5 1.47 3 3.95 3.30 1.23 Sheikh Dauod Colney 9830 0.86 4 1.18 0 0.00 0.00 1.38 Batamaloo 15732 1.37 3 0.88 1 1.32 0.96 0.65 Aloochi Bagh 16824 1.47 15 4.42 0 0.00 0.00 3.02 Magarmal Bagh 7456 0.65 5 1.47 3 3.95 6.08 2.27 Nundreshi Colony 11819 1.03 5 1.47 1 1.32 1.28 1.43 Qamarwari 8830 0.77 5 1.47 1 1.32 1.71 1.92 Parimpora 17022 1.48 14 4.13 0 0.00 0.00 2.79 Zainakot 21065 1.84 10 2.95 0 0.00 0.00 1.61 Bemina East 14143 1.23 4 1.18 0 0.00 0.00 0.96 Bemina West 26590 2.32 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Shaheed Gunj 9375 0.82 6 1.77 3 3.95 4.83 2.17 Karan Nagar 11120 0.97 6 1.77 2 2.63 2.72 1.83 Chattabal 17152 1.49 3 0.88 0 0.00 0.00 0.59 Syed Ali Akbar 16229 1.41 4 1.18 0 0.00 0.00 0.84 Nawab Bazar 14469 1.26 1 0.29 0 0.00 0.00 0.23 Islamyarbal 11494 1.00 2 0.59 0 0.00 0.00 0.59 Aali Kadal 8765 0.76 3 0.88 1 1.32 1.72 1.16 Ganpathyar 13132 1.14 9 2.65 0 0.00 0.00 2.32 Malik Aangan 15622 1.36 2 0.59 0 0.00 0.00 0.43 Barbarshas 20527 1.79 4 1.18 0 0.00 0.00 0.66 Khankhai Mohalla 15724 1.37 2 0.59 0 0.00 0.00 0.43 S.R.Gunj 18121 1.58 2 0.59 0 0.00 0.00 0.37 Aqil-Mir Khanyar 18043 1.57 1 0.29 1 1.32 0.84 0.19 Khawja Bazar 17429 1.52 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Safakadal 19907 1.73 6 1.77 0 0.00 0.00 1.02 Idd Gah 26564 2.31 4 1.18 0 0.00 0.00 0.51 Tarabal 9168 0.80 3 0.88 1 1.32 1.65 1.11 Jogilangar 21949 1.91 2 0.59 2 2.63 1.38 0.31 Zind Shah sahab 12421 1.08 4 1.18 1 1.32 1.22 1.09 Hassanabad 17286 1.51 1 0.29 1 1.32 0.87 0.20 Jamia Masjid 8215 0.72 6 1.77 0 0.00 0.00 2.48 Mukhdoom Sahab 18755 1.63 0 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kawdara 23141 2.02 4 1.18 0 0.00 0.00 0.59 Zadibal 15128 1.32 3 0.88 2 2.63 2.00 0.67 Madin Sahab 13155 1.15 3 0.88 2 2.63 2.30 0.77 Now Shehra 11441 1.00 3 0.88 0 0.00 0.00 0.89 Zoonimar 15401 1.34 3 0.88 1 1.32 0.98 0.66 Lal Bazar 22140 1.93 14 4.13 1 1.32 0.68 2.14 Umer Conony 26754 2.33 2 0.59 2 2.63 1.13 0.25 Soura 11629 1.01 4 1.18 3 3.95 3.90 1.17 Buchpora 23119 2.01 11 3.40 1 1.32 0.65 1.61 Ahmad Nagar 30511 2.66 3 0.88 0 0.00 0.00 0.33 Zakura 11114 0.97 3 0.88 1 1.32 1.36 0.92 Hazratbal 17218 1.50 13 3.83 4 5.24 3.51 2.56

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

Teal bal 17369 1.51 7 2.06 1 1.32 0.87 1.37 Bud dal 13233 1.15 2 0.59 0 0.00 0.00 0.51 Lokut Dal 19985 1.74 3 0.88 2 2.63 1.51 0.51 Dara 23943 2.09 6 1.77 2 2.63 1.26 0.85 Alesteng 18928 1.65 3 0.88 3 3.94 2.39 0.54 Palpora 26160 2.28 8 2.36 4 5.24 2.31 1.04 Maloora 21374 1.86 0 0.00 2 2.63 1.41 0.00 Laweypora 12419 1.08 0 0.00 1 1.32 1.22 0.00 Khumani Chowk 25194 2.20 12 3.54 4 5.24 2.40 1.61 Humhama 18929 1.65 3 0.88 0 0.00 0.00 0.54 Pandrathen 17324 1.51 9 2.65 2 2.63 1.74 1.76 Khanmoh 13908 1.21 0 0.00 1 1.32 1.09 0.00 TOTAL 1147617 100 339 100.00 76 100.00 HCI and R.S stands for Health Care Institutions and Ration Stores respectively. Source: Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution (CAPD) Department, Srinagar, J&K.

It is clear from the table that twenty six wards out of sixty eight (38 percent) have absence of any Health Institutions, while as seven wards (10 percent) have deficiency in the establishment of Health Institutions, six wards (9 Percent) have self sufficiency and the rest twenty nine wards (43 percent) posses above normal concentration i,e; the per capita availability of the facility exceeds that of the city as a whole. Ward wise wazirbagh tops the hierarchy as having the location quotient value of 14.69. Similarly, in case of ration stores, thirty six wards out of sixty eight (53 percent) have above normal concentration i,e; the per capita availability of the facility exceeds that of the city as a whole, while as the rest thirty two wards (47 percent) have deficiency in the arrangement of provision of ration stores. Even six wards in the city have absence of the ration stores. Ward wise wazirbagh has the highest concentration of Ration stores with the value of location quotient equals to 3.3.

(III) Spatial Disparity From the location quotient analysis we have gained some knowledge about the relative positions of different wards with respect to a particular facility. Our analysis indicates that the level of concentration of public facilities varies quite significantly across wards in the Srinagar city and this leads us to believe that considerable disparity exists among the wards in terms of different public facilities. In order to have an idea about the degree of spatial disparity with respect to various public facilities, a special type of cumulative frequency graph, known as Lorenz Curve commonly used for measuring inequality in income. The line of equality shows the equal distribution of the facilities. The deviation of Lorenz curve depicts the degree of spatial disparity. If the curve is close to the Line of equality, it indicates least disparity and the more it deviates from it, the more is the disparity. The Lorenz Curves for different public facilities are presented below (Fig.1.5 & 1.6).

Ration Stores 100 90 80 70 60 50 Stores Fig. 1.5 40 30 20 10

Cumulative of Percentage Ration Cumulative 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Cumulative Percentage of Population 27

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100 90 Health Care Institutions 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Cumulative Healthof Percentage Cumulative Institutions Cumulative Percentage of Population Fig. 1.6 It is clear from the figure 1.6 that there is disparity in the provision of adequate Health Institutions in Srinagar City. Fifty percent population of the city have only 24 Percent share of the facility, while as the rest fifty Percent enjoy the remaining 76 Percent of the facility which is an indication of the inequality in the provision of this facility. Same is repeated in case of ration stores where fifty percent population of the city have access to only 33 Percent share of the facility, while as the rest fifty Percent enjoy the remaining 67 Percent of the facility (Fig. 1.5) which is an indication of the inequality in the provision of this facility in the city.

(IV) Identification of Gaps In order to identify gaps in the provision of urban amenities to the Srinagar city, weightage has been given to different facilities as per their standard and number. The total number of facilities in each ward has been multiplied by the number obtained by dividing the aggregate number of all kinds of facilities by total number of each facility. The individual weighted scores of different facilities of a ward were added together to get total weighted score of each ward (Table 1.3). Table 1.3: Weighted Scores of all wards of Srinagar City Health Ward Name Ration Store Institutions Aggregate Weighted Score Harwan 9 1 63.89 Nishat 15 2 113.54 Dalgate 7 2 75.57 Lalchowk 7 1 54.40 Rajbagh 7 2 75.57 Jawahar Nagar 3 1 35.41 Wazir Bagh 3 3 77.75 Mehjoor Nagar 7 1 54.40 Natipora 9 1 63.89 Channapora 2 0 9.49 Bhagat Barzulla 10 2 89.81 Rawalpora 5 3 87.24 Sheikh Dawood Colney 4 0 18.99 Batamaloo 3 1 35.41 Aloochi Bagh 15 0 71.19 Magarmal Bagh 5 3 87.24 Nundreshi Colony 5 1 44.90

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Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

Qamarwari 5 1 44.90 Parimpora 14 0 66.45 Zainakot 10 0 47.46 Bemina East 4 0 18.99 Bemina West 0 0 0.00 Shaheed Gunj 6 3 91.99 Karan Nagar 6 2 70.82 Chattabal 3 0 14.24 Syed Ali Akbar 4 0 18.99 Nawab Bazar 1 0 4.75 Islamyarbal 2 0 9.49 Aali Kadal 3 1 35.41 Ganpathyar 9 0 42.72 Malik Aangan 2 0 9.49 Barbarshas 4 0 18.99 Khankhai Mohalla 2 0 9.49 S.R.Gunj 2 0 9.49 Aqil-Mir Khanyar 1 1 25.92 Khawja Bazar 0 0 0.00 Safakadal 6 0 28.48 Idd Gah 4 0 18.99 Tarabal 3 1 35.41 Jogilangar 2 2 51.83 Zind Shah sahab 4 1 40.16 Hassanabad 1 1 25.92 Jamia Masjid 6 0 28.48 Mukhdoom Sahab 0 0 0.00 Kawdara 4 0 18.99 Zadibal 3 2 56.58 Madin Sahab 3 2 56.58 Now Shehra 3 0 14.24 Zoonimar 3 1 35.41 Lal Bazar 14 1 87.62 Umer Conony 2 2 51.83 Soura 4 3 82.50 Buchpora 11 1 73.38 Ahmad Nagar 3 0 14.24 Zakura 3 1 35.41 Hazratbal 13 4 146.39 Teal bal 7 1 54.40 Bud dal 2 0 9.49 Lokut Dal 3 2 56.58 Dara 6 2 70.82 Alesteng 3 3 77.75 Palpora 8 4 122.65 Maloora 0 2 42.34 Laweypora 0 1 21.17 Khumani Chowk 12 4 141.64 Humhama 3 0 14.24 Pandrathen 9 2 85.06 Khanmoh 0 1 21.17 Total 339 76 29

Global Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Vol. 1, No. 1, March 2013, pp.20-31 Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.ea-journal.org)

Source: Authors Note: The total number of civic amenity establishments in Srinagar City=1609

The aggregate weighted scores have been projected on map (Fig. 1.7) to highlight the underserved wards and which need special consideration for ensuring the basic facilities in these wards.

Source: Authors Fig. 1.7

Thus it is clear from the map that three wards namely Hazratbal, Khomani Chowk and Nishat enjoy highest share of above mentioned facilities followed by Shaheed Gunj, Baghat Barzulla and Rawalpora, while as on contrary twenty wards face shortage of civic amenities. The worst hit among them are Mukhdoom Sahib, Khwaja Bazar and Bemina west which have not even a single ration store or health institution. The other wards with least facilities are Nawab Bazar, Khankhai Mohalla, S.R. Gunj, Bud dal, Syed Ali Akbar, Islamyarbal etc.

5.0 Conclusion The analysis of the distribution of public facilities as presented above indicates that there is a lead-lag relationship among different wards in terms of the facilities. Some wards are more developed in terms of a particular facility while others lag far behind the mean level of development of the city in terms of that facility. The varying degrees of concentration and dispersion of different types of public facilities indicate that the existing planning efforts could not produce satisfactory results in terms of balanced development of different parts of the City. It is now expected that the population of Srinagar City will increase quite significantly during the next decade thereby multiplying the need for different types of public facilities. Since most of these facilities will be provided by the government, their availability and distribution must be planned carefully.

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