New Nearctic Chloroperlidae (Plecoptera)

Great Basin Naturalist

Volume 41 Number 3 Article 15

9-30-1981

Rebecca F. Surdick University of Utah

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Recommended Citation Surdick, Rebecca F. (1981) "New Nearctic Chloroperlidae (Plecoptera)," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 41 : No. 3 , Article 15. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol41/iss3/15

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. NEW NEARCTIC CHLOROPERLIDAE (PLECOPTERA)

Rebecca F. Surdick'

Abstract.— Alloperla furcula, A. hamata, A. roberti and Triznaka spinosa are described from North America. A new genus, Bisancora, based on the new species B. rutriformis, is described and includes B. pastina (Jewett). Allo- perla quadrata is synonymized with A. leonarda Ricker.

During biosystematic research on Nearctic one-half length of stemite 8; lateral aspect Chloroperlidae, several new species and a narrowly conical. Stemite 8, including sub- new genus were discovered. Alloperla quad- genital plate, evenly hirsute except for a pair rata Harden & Mickel was found to be con- of sparsely haired patches on posterior half at specific with A. leonarda Ricker. base of subgenital plate flanking its swelled axis. Vagina membranous. Lateral brushes on segments 7 through 9. Alloperla furcula, sp. nov. Figs. 1-5 Material.— Holotype $ , allotype, paratypes 22 <5, 118?: South Carolina, Aiken General color beige in alcohol. Antennae Co., Upper Three Runs Crk., Savannah River pale proximally, darker distal to fifth seg- Plant, 17-V-1977, Herlong and Prichard ment, with dusky basal segment; head unpat- (USNM #76886). 37 5 , 387? paratypes: temed except for three dark ocellar rings; oc- South Carolina, Aiken Co., Upper Three ciput short with lateral edges tapering Runs Crk., Savannah River Plant, l-VI-1977, immediately posterior to compound eyes. Herlong and Prichard (B. P. Stark, R. F. Sur- Pronotum squarely oval, dusky laterally, nar- dick, R. J. C. Morse, W. Baumann). rower than head by width of compound eyes; Etymology.— The Latin adjective furcula mesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen lack- refers to the small fork on the apex of the ing dark markings; cereal segments 7-9; co- epiproct tip. pious setation slightly duskier than in- Diagnosis.— A//oper/a furcula differs from tegument on legs, pronotum, forewings. other species with similar epiprocts and Wings macropterous, hyaline, representative cowls by the prominence of the apical of genus. prongs. Alloperla natchez Surdick & Stark Male.— Forewing length 5.5 mm; body bears a thinner, more tapered epiproct tip length 6.5 mm. Epiproct tip elongate, paral- that has minute lateral extensions on the ven- lel-sided, fuscous, evenly sclerotized; apex bi- trally bent apex. Alloperla leonarda Ricker furcate with acute prongs directed laterad al- has small lateral projections on the blunt most perpendicular to long axis of epiproct apex of the epiproct tip. The triangular, pos- tip; lateral aspect thin, tapered to ventrally terior projection of the subgenital plate is hirsute apex; base set in enlarged cowl ex- longer and more acute in A. furcula than in tending anteriorly to bifurcate apex. Basal either of the other species. anchor twice as wide as long; paragenital plates as wide as basal bar. Aedeagus mem- Alloperla hamata, sp. nov. branous. Lateral brushes on segments 8 and Figs. 6-10, 16 9. Female.— Forewing length 6.5 mm; body General color pale yellow in alcohol. An- length 7 mm. Subgenital plate with sides tennae pale; head unpatterned except for sloping steeply to an acute median projection three dark ocellar rings; occiput short with

'Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112. Present address: Route 3 Box 242, Front Royal, Virginia 22630.

349 350 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 41, No. 3

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terminalia, lateral; fe- Figs. 1-5. Alloperla fitrcula: (1) male terminalia, dorsal; (2) epiproct, % view; (3) male (4)

male terminalia, ventral; (5) female terminalia, lateral. September 1981 Surdick: Nearctic Stoneflies 351

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Figs. 6-10. AUoperla hamata: (6) male terminalia, dorsal; (7) epiproct, % view; (8) male terminalia, lateral; (9) female terminalia, ventral; (10) female terminalia, lateral. 352 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 41, No. 3 lateral edges tapering slowly, convexly, pos- the southernmost isolate of a far-ranging spe- terior to compound eyes. Pronotum squarely cies ancestral to the Alloperla imbecilla oval; narrower than head with indistinct, dus- group. ky reticulations; posterior margin twice as wide as anterior. Legs, mesonotum, metano- Alloperla leonarda Ricker tum, and abdomen lacking dark markings except for dusky sutures; cereal segments 9-10. Alloperla leonarda Ricker, 1952: 176, figs. 132, 135. Wings macropterous, hyaline, representative Alloperla quadrata Harden & Mickel, 1952: 61, pi. X, of genus without reduction in venation. fig. 6. New synonymy Male.— Forewing length 9 mm; body Comparison of the female holotype of Al- length 8 mm. Epiproct tip elongate; basal loperla quadrata Harden & Mickel with the female allotype of Alloperla two-thirds tapered; distal third swollen to and specimens leonarda Ricker indicated synonymy of the width and thickness of base, with serrate lat- two species. The abbreviated subgenital plate eral margins and apical upturned tooth; fine of A. quadrata appears to be within the gen- long hairs beneath apical tooth, along dorsal etic variation and physical distortion of A. medial axis, and along lateral margins of bas- leonarda. Alloperla quadrata was also collect- al tapering section. Cowl not enlarged. Basal ed within the geographic range of A. anchor 1.5 times as wide as long; paragenital leonarda. plates thinner than basal bar. Aedeagus membranous. Lateral brushes on segments 7 through 9. Alloperla roberti, sp. no v. Female.— Forewing length 9-9.5 mm; Figs. 11-13, 17 body length 8.5-9 mm. Subgenital plate as long as sternite 8, extending posteriorly over Alloperla banksi Frison, 1942: 343 (in part) half of sternite 9; lateral margins concave, Examination of holotype, allotype, and with posterior halves forming terminal half of paratypes of Alloperla banksi Frison revealed diamond-shaped conical swelling; swelling two specimens of a new species. Originally obvious in lateral aspect, forming half of sub- designated paratypes of A. banksi, these two genital plate. Subgenital plate evenly hirsute specimens were of particular interest to Fri- with longer hairs on margins; sternite 9 with son (1942) because they represented the only evenly scattered fine hairs. Vagina mem- record of the species in Illinois. Frison's con- branous. Lateral brushes on segments 7 cern over the loss of habitat eliminating A. through 9. banksi from Illinois is even more sententious,

1 since a separate endemic species is involved. Material.— Holotype S , allotype, S , 2 ? paratypes: Alabama, Jackson Co., inter- General color dusky in alcohol. Antennae mittent crk. adjacent Ala. Hwy. 65, 8.3 mi. pale basally, darker apical three-fourths;

N. jet. Ala. Hwy. 146, 16-IV-1976, A. M. head unpatterned except for three dark ocellar rings; occiput short, lateral edges tapering James (USNM #76887). 1 <5 , 3 ? paratypes: Alabama, Jackson Co., Francisco, adjacent posterior to compound eyes. Pronotum nar- Ala. Hwy. 65, .7 mi. S. Tenn. stateline, 16-IV- rower than head, squarely oval, unpatterned, 1976, A. M. James (R. F. Surdick). mesonotum, metanotum, and abdomen lack- Etymology.— The Latin adjective hamata ing dark markings. Wings macropterous, refers to the barb-like appearance of the epi- hyaline, representative of genus without re- proct tip. duction in venation. Diagnosis.— Alloperla hamata belongs to Male.— Forewing length 6.5 mm; body the species group including A. banksi Frison length 5.5 mm. Epiproct tip twice as long as (Fig. 15) and A. imbecilla (Say) (Fig. 14). wide, oval in dorsal aspect, flattened in later-

Most similar to the former, it is distinguished al aspect, with a minute apical protrusion by the thinness and increased taper of the and serrate margins terminating before base. epiproct tip. A. hamata, however, bears a Cowl not enlarged. Basal anchor twice as thicker and less tapered epiproct tip than A. wide as long; paragenital plates as wide as imbecilla. Females of all three species are basal bar. Aedeagus membranous. Lateral similar. Alloperla ham.ata probably represents brushes on segments 6 through 9. September 1981 Surdick: Nearctic Stoneflies 353

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Figs. 11-17. Alloperla roberti: (11) male terminalia, dorsal; (12) epiproct, % view; (1.3) male terminalia, lateral. Epiproct tip: (14) Alloperla imhecilla-, (15) Alloperla banksU (16) Alloperla hamata; (17) Alloperla roberti.

Material.— Holotype $ (M.C.Z. # Etymology .— Alloperla roberti is named in 32559), paratype $ (Illinois Natural History honor of my father, Robert W. Surdick. An Survey): Illinois, Rock Island, 1860, B. D. entomologist, artist, and naturalist, he has Walsh. been my mentor and colleague. 354 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 41, No. 3

Diagnosis.— A//oper^ roberti most closely along margin of flap, thicker towards base of resembles A. banksi (Fig. 15) but differs in flap. Segment 8 evenly fringed with long the shape of the epiproct tip. Alloperla rob- hairs on posterior margin. Sternite 9 lacking erti bears a more ovoid, flatter epiproct tip, hairs medially. Vagina thickened, lightly with longer serrated margins. Alloperla ser- sclerotized.

rata Needham & Claassen, a western Nearc- Material.— Holotype $ , allotype, 20 S , tic relative, possesses a similar but more 7 ? paratypes: California, Nevada Co., Sage- round-pillow-shaped epiproct tip with a hen Spring, 27-VI-1966, A. L. Sheldon broad anterior margin of serrations. (USNM #76888). Other paratypes: 2? Cali- fornia, Sierra Co., Salmon Crk., ll-VII-1971, D. G. Denning (USNM); 15,1? California, Triznaka spinosa, sp. nov. Nevada Co., Sagehen Spring, 27-VI-1966, A. Figs. 18-22 L. Sheldon (R. F. Surdick); 5

three-fourths width segment 8; posterior ex- gum 9; tergum 10 completely cleft. Epiproct tension of flap two- thirds length segment 8; erectile; tip hinged, recurved, variously flat- flap concave in lateral aspect. Plate evenly tened and curved or curled; basal rod and hirsute except for thin, hairless, slight in- paragenital plates equally wide, sclerotized; dentation at junction of flap and posterior basal anchor double with width of large ante- margin segment 8; long, evenly spaced hairs rior anchor half of segment width, width of September 1981 Surdick: Nearctic Stoneflies 355

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Figs. 18-22. Triznako spinosa: (18) male terminalia, dorsal; (19) epiproct, % view; (20) male terminalia, lateral; (21) female terminalia, ventral; (22) female terminalia, lateral. 356 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 41, No. 3 sequential posterior anchor one-fourth seg- sternacosta. Abdomen with median and later- ment width. Aedeagus terminating in four al longitudinal dark stripes extending from large processes; dorsal flaps variously lightly tergum 1 through 8; cereal segments 7-9. sclerotized; ventral digitate extensions and Wings hyaline with dusky veins, remainder of aedeagus membranous. macropterous. Female.— Terminal abdominal segments Male.— Forewing length 5 mm; body with lateral brushes, lacking hammer. Sub- length 4.5 mm. Epiproct tip as long as wide, genital plate distinct from remainder of ster- moderately sclerotized, with lateral margins num 8 by indentation and darker sclerotiza- of thin leaflet curled dorsally forming a deep tion; margin variously excised or scalloped scoop; in dorsal aspect, narrow base of scoop and setose. doubles in width then narrows again distally, Etymology.— The generic term Bisancora terminating in a flared anterior margin; in is a combination of two Latin words: bis, lateral aspect, greatest depth equals length, meaning anchor. meaning twin, and ancora, lip of scoop curled ventrally. Paragenital sequentially double basal an- It refers to the plates equal basal bar in width, terminate anchor. is feminine. The name teriorly adjacent to arms of small anchor. Diagnosis.— The genus Bisancora can be Large basal anchor half width of tergum 10, distinguished from closest relatives, Sweltsa twice width of posteriorly successive small Ricker and Alloperla Banks, by the squared anchor. Tergite 9 slightly concave on posteri- pronotum, brown pigmentation, and mark- or margin, lacking other modification of scler- ings. The double anchor and unique epiproct ite or setae. Hammer absent. Aedeagus ter- tip characterize the males, and the dis- minating in dorsal pair of lightly sclerotized, tinctively scalloped subgenital plate charac- blunt flaps and ventral pair of membranous terizes the females. Both SweJtsa and Allo- fingers. Lateral brushes barely visible on seg- perla bear a more thickened or inflated ments 7 and 8. epiproct tip, and, except for Sweltsa alher- Female.— Forewing length 5.5 mm; body tensis (Needham & Claassen), S. lamba length 5.5 mm. Subgenital plate tulip-shaped, (Needham & Claassen), and S. gaufini Bau- as long as wide, slightly swollen and general- mann, a membranous aedeagus. ly more darkly pigmented than remainder of Presently, only two species are included in sternum, with circumference distinct by in- the genus, B. rutrifomiis and B. pastina (Jew- dentation and lack of setation; posterior mar- ett), comb. nov. gin forms three convex scallops, with median scallop half plate width, one-fourth plate length, and lateral scallops half size of me- Bisancora rutriformis, sp. nov. Figs. 23-32 dian scallop; setation light, even except for long, dense hairs on lateral scallops. Vagina General color light brown in alcohol. An- thickened, not sclerotized. Lateral brushes tennae pale except for dark basal segment; barely visible on segments 7 and 8.

head with three dark ocellar rings, medial Material.— Holotype S , allotype (USNM

dark rectangle anterior to occipital suture #76889), paratypes 2

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Figs. 2.3-29. Bisancora rutrifonnis: (23) male terminalia, dorsal; (24) epiproct, % view; (25) aedeagus, V4 lateral view; (26) male terminalia, lateral with epiproct tip elevated; (27) male terminalia, lateral, with epiproct tip not elevated; (28) female terminalia, ventral; (29) female terminalia, lateral. 358 Great Basin Naturalist Vol. 41, No. 3

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Figs. 30-32. Bisancora rittriformis: (30) wings; (31) mesobasisternal Y-ridge, adult; (32) adult head, pronotum. epiproct tip and in sclerotization of the dor- indicate the affinity of B. pastina with B. sal leaves of the aedeagus. Bisancora pastina rutriformis. (Figs. 33-35) bears a flat, sheetlike epiproct tip that widens distally to two thick lateral Acknowledgments prongs. Females differ in the length of the subgenital plate produced beyond the margin Appreciation is extended to Dr. B. P. of sternum 8. In B. pastina (Figs. 36, 37), the Stark, Mississippi College; Dr. R. W. Bau- median scallop is half as long as in B. mann, Brigham Young University; Dr. O. S. rutriformis. Flint, U.S. National Museum; Dr. J. D. Unzicker, Illinois State Natural History Sur-

Bisancora pastina (Jewett), comb. nov. vey; M. M. Peace, Museum of Comparative Figs. 33-37 Drs. P. Clausen, Zoology; E. F. Cook and J. University of Minnesota; and A. M. James, Alloperki {Stvehsa) pastina Jewett, 1962: 20, Fig. 6. Sweltsa pastina: lilies, 1966: 455. Texas Instruments Corp., Dallas, for their The flat epiproct tip, double basal anchor, kind assistance and loans of specimens. I am and unmodified terminal terga, as well as grateful for the support of the Department of similar subgenital plate, and aedeagus Biology, University of Utah. September 1981 Surdick: Nearctic Stoneflies 359

Figs. .3.3-37. Bisancora pastina: (.33) male terminalia, dorsal; (.34) epiproct, % view; (35) male terminalia, lateral;

(.36) female terminalia, ventral; (37) female terminalia, lateral.

Illies, 1966. Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Das Literature Cited J. Tierreich, Berlin, 82. 6.32 pp. Prison, T. H. 1942. Studies of North American Plecop- Jewett, S. G., Jr. 1962. New stoneflies and records from

tera. Bull. 111. Natur. Hi.st. Surv. 22:2.34-355. the Pacific Coast of the United States. Pan-Pac. Harden, P. H., and C. E. Mickel. 1952. The stoneflies Entomol. 38:15-20. of Minnesota (Plecoptera). Univ. Minn. Agricul. Bicker, W. E. 1952. Systematic studies in Plecoptera. Ind. Univ. Publ., Sci. Exp. Sta., Tech. Bull. 201. 84 pp. Ser. 18. 200 pp.