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Hydrogeology, Aquifer Characteristics, and Ground-Water Flow of the Surficial Aquifer System Broward County, Florida

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Hydrogeology, Aquifer Characteristics, and Ground-Water Flow of the Surficial Aquifer System Broward County, Florida Hydrogeology, Aquifer Characteristics, and Ground-Water Flow of the Surficial Aquifer System Broward County, Florida _________________________________________________________________ U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4034 Prepared in cooperation with the SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT _________________________________________________________________ -I CONVERSION FACTORS AND ABBREVIATIONS For the convenience of readers who may prefer to use metric (International System) units, rather than the inch-pound unites used in this report, values may be converted by using the following factors: Multiply inch-pound unit By To obtain metric unit inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter (mm) foot (ft) 0.3048 meter (m) mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer (km) foot per day (ft/d) 0.3048 meter per day (m/d) foot per mile (ft/mi) 0.1894 meter per kilometer (m/km) foot per year (ft/yr) 0.3048 meter per year (m/yr) foot squared per day (ft2/d) 0.09290 meter squared per day (m2/d) square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer (km2) gallon per minute (gal/min) 0.00006309 cubic meter per second (m3/s) gallon per minute per foot 0.2070 liter per second per meter [(gal/min)/ft] [(L/s)/m] Chemical concentrations and water temperature are given in metric units. Chemical concentration is given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) or micrograms (mg/L). Milligrams per liter is a unit expressing the concentration of chemical constituents in solution as weight (milligrams) of solute per unit volume (liter) of water. One thousand micrograms per liter is equivalent to one milligram per liter. For concentrations less then 7,000 mg/L, the numerical value is the same as for concentrations in parts per million. Sea Level: In this report, “sea level” refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 1929) --a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of both the United States and Canada, formerly called “Mean Sea Level of 1929.” Hydrogeology, Aquifer Characteristics, and Ground-water Flow of the Surficial Aquifer System, Broward County, Florida By Johnnie E. Fish U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4034 Prepared in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District Tallahassee, Florida 1988 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. For additional information write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey District Chief Branch of Information Services U.S. Geological Survey Box 25286 Suite 3015 Federal Center 227 N. Bronough Street Denver, CO 80225 Tallahassee, FL 32301 CONTENTS Abstract........................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 2 Purpose and Scope............................................................................................................... 2 Previous Investigations........................................................................................................ 4 Methods ............................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................. 8 Description of Study Area ........................................................................................................... 8 Geographic Features............................................................................................................ 8 Physiographic Features and Natural Drainage .................................................................... 8 Water Management Facilities .............................................................................................. 9 General Aquifer Framework and Definitions ..............................................................................11 Overview .............................................................................................................................11 Surficial Aquifer System .....................................................................................................11 Biscayne Aquifer.........................................................................................................16 Gray Limestone Aquifer .............................................................................................18 Estimates of Transmissivity, Hydraulic Conductivity and Storage Coefficient ..........................18 Specific Capacity of Production Wells and Estimated Transmissivity................................19 Previously Available Aquifer Tests .....................................................................................23 Test Conducted in this Study ...............................................................................................24 Hydrogeology ..............................................................................................................................32 Hydraulic Conductivity Framework and Hydraulic Conductivity of the Sediments ..........32 West Broward County .................................................................................................34 Central and East Broward County...............................................................................38 Delineation of the Surficial Aquifer System and Aquifers within the System....................46 Transmissivity Distribution of the Surficial Aquifer System and Relation to Aquifers in the System ........................................................................................................................48 The Ground-Water Flow System .................................................................................................54 The Present Flow System ....................................................................................................54 The Predevelopment Flow System......................................................................................57 Summary......................................................................................................................................64 References Cited ..........................................................................................................................68 ILLUSTRATIONS 1. Map showing location of Broward County, Florida................................................. 3 2. Geographic areas of Broward County ...................................................................... 5 3. Location of test drilling sites and hydrogeologic sections ....................................... 6 4. Physiographic features of Broward County prior to development ........................... 9 5. Distribution of soil types in Broward County and their drainage characteristics.....10 6. Feature of water-management system in Broward County ......................................12 7a. Section showing generalized hydrogeologic framework of Broward County..........14 III Hydrogeology, Aquifer Characteristics, and Ground-Water Flow of the Surficial Aquifer System, Broward County, Florida ILLUSTRATIONS -- Continued 7b. Section showing schematic relations of geologic formations, aquifers, and confining unit of the surficial aquifer system across Broward County ....................15 8. Map showing areal extent and yield to wells of Biscayne aquifer and other aquifers of the surficial aquifer system in South Florida..........................................16 9. Map showing location and range of specific capacity for supply wells in east and south-central Broward County...........................................................................21 10. Histograms of specific capacity for supply wells in four areas in east and south-central Broward County..................................................................................22 11. Map showing location of previously available aquifer tests and various hydraulic tests conducted in this study.....................................................................25 12. Graph showing relation between specific drawdown (sw/Q) and pumping rate (Q) for selected test wells..................................................................................29 13. Graph showing relation between specific drawdown (Q/sw) and pumping rate (Q) for selected test wells..................................................................................30 14. Graphs showing recovery test plots and analyses for (a) pumped well G-2319X at site G-2319 and (b) observation well G-2338D at site G-2338............31 15-22. Hydrogeologic sections: 15. A-A’ showing ranges of hydraulic conductivity...........................................in pocket 16. B-B’ showing ranges of hydraulic conductivity...........................................in pocket 17. C-C’ showing ranges of hydraulic conductivity...........................................in pocket 18. D-D’ showing ranges of hydraulic conductivity ..........................................in pocket 19. E-E’ showing ranges of hydraulic conductivity ...........................................in pocket 20. F-F’ showing ranges of hydraulic conductivity............................................in
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