CULTURAL HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

OF

PROPOSED WASTE WATER TREATMENT PLANT OUTFALL

AT YOUGHAL CO. CORK

ON BEHALF OF

ATKINS CONSULTING ENGINEERS

Moore Marine

Job Number: M09CO04

Licence Numbers: 09D56 & 09R152

Authors: Eoghan Kieran & Benen Hayden

Date: January 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 SCOPE OF WORKS ...... 1 1.1 Introduction ...... 1 1.2 Purpose of the Project ...... 1 2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ...... 3 2.1 Description of the Existing Sewerage System ...... 3 2.2 Description of the proposed works ...... 3 2.2 Site Layout/Location details ...... 3 3 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 5 3.1 Solid Geology ...... 5 3.2 Soil Type ...... 5 3.3 Landscape ...... 5 4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ...... 6 4.1 Mesolithic Period ...... 6 4.2 Neolithic Period ...... 6 4.3 Bronze Age ...... 7 4.4 The Iron Age / Early Historic Period ...... 7 4.5 Later Historic Period ...... 9 4.6 Lewis Topographical Dictionary ...... 12 5 BASELINE DATA ...... 22 5.1 Register of Monuments and Places ...... 22 5.2 Topographical Files of the National Museum of Ireland ...... 26 5.3 Previous archaeological fieldwork in the area ...... 28 5.4 Place-name evidence ...... 30 5.5 Historic Maps ...... 31 5.5.1 First Edition Ordnance Survey, 1845 ...... 31 5.5.2 Second Edition Ordnance Survey, 1902 ...... 32 5.6 Aerial Image ...... 32 5.7 Record of Protected Structures ...... 34 5.8 Ports and Harbours Archive ...... 39 5.9 National Shipwreck Inventory ...... 40 6 ARCHAEO-GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY ...... 51 6.1 Survey Methodology and Equipment ...... 51 6.2 Data Processing and Analysis ...... 51 6.2.2 Side Scan Sonar ...... 51 6.2.3 Magnetometer ...... 51 7. RESULTS OF GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY ...... 52 7.2 Dunnes Park Survey ...... 52 7.2 Ferry Point Survey ...... 54 8 SITE VISIT ...... 57 8 DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 67 8.1 Discussion of proposed pipeline location ...... 67 8.2 Assessment of Potential Impacts ...... 67 8.3 Recommendations ...... 67 APPENDIX 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 69 APPENDIX 2 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND ...... 71 APPENDIX 3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE ...... 74 APPENDIX 4 SIDE SCAN SONAR OF ANOMALIES RECOMMENDED FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION 77 APPENDIX 5 DUNNNES PARK OUTFALL SIDE SCAN SONAR MOSAIC ...... 121 APPENDIX 6 DUNNNES PARK OUTFALL CONTACT LOCATIONS ...... 122 APPENDIX 7 FERRY POINT PROPOSED OUTFALL SIDE SCAN SONAR MOSAIC ...... 123 APPENDIX 8 FERRY POINT PROPOSED OUTFALL CONTACT LOCATIONS ...... 124 APPENDIX 9 MAGNETOMETER CONTACT MAP...... 125

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Extract from Discovery Series Map # 84 with site location highlighted ...... 2 Figure 2. Site development plan ...... 4 Figure 3. Pacata Hibernia Map of Youghal circa 1587, from Orme 1966 ...... 10 Figure 4. Extract from County Cork RMP Map CO67 showing development areas in red ...... 24 Figure 5. Extract from RMP Map for Cork with a 1 km buffer around area of proposed development. Source Ordnance Survey Ireland (2006) ...... 25 Figure 6. Extract from First Edition Ordnance Survey, 1845 ...... 31 Figure 7. Second Edition Ordnance Survey, 1902...... 32 Figure 8. Overall project magnetometer anomaly contact map (larger scale reproduction in Appendix 10) ...... 54

TABLE OF PLATES

Plate 1. Aerial image of site taken in 2005 with survey area highlighted...... 33 Plate 2. Facade of RPS 20823079 ...... 35 Plate 3. Facade and background of RPS 20823079 ...... 35 Plate 4. Youghal Pier Head RPS 20823150 ...... 36 Plate 5. Seawall RPS 20823004 looking North from Dunnes Park Outfall ...... 37 Plate 6. Seawall south of 20823004 Youghal Town ...... 38 Plate 7. Detail of RPS 20823004 seawall ...... 38 Plate 8. Single side scan sonar anomaly recorded at Dunnes Park ...... 53 Plate 9. View of docklands north of Green’s Quay at low tide looking south ...... 58 Plate 10. View of docklands north of Green’s Quay at low tide looking north ...... 58 Plate 11. Town Quays and Pier Head at low tide ...... 59 Plate 12. Harvey’s Dock north of Pier Head at low tide ...... 59 Plate 13. Green’s Dock at low tide ...... 60 Plate 14. Green’s Dock at low tide ...... 60 Plate 15. Disused and derelict slipway at Green’s Quay ...... 61 Plate 16. Detail of disused and derelict slipway at Green’s Quay ...... 61 Plate 17. Debris at Pier Head at low tide ...... 62 Plate 18. Debris in Sir Richards Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide ...... 62 Plate 19. Debris in Sir Richards Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide ...... 63 Plate 20. Debris in Green’s Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide ...... 63 Plate 21. Debris in Green’s Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide ...... 64 Plate 22. Debris along Green’s Quay ...... 64 Plate 23. Debris along Green’s Quay ...... 65 Plate 24. View of existing outfall at Dunnes Park looking south ...... 65 Plate 25. View of existing outfall at Dunnes Park looking towards the shore ...... 66

TABLE OF TABLES

Table 1. Location details ...... 3 Table 2. Table of RMP sites within 1 km of subject site and predicted impact ...... 23 Table 3. Ferry Point possible cultural heritage anomaly descriptions and locations ...... 56

ABBREVIATIONS

CAD Computer Aided Design CSF Coordinated System File DGPS Differential Global Positioning System GeoTIF Geographically Referenced TIF GPS Global Positioning System HSA Health and Safety Authority HSE Health and Safety Executive kHz Kilohertz km Kilometre LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide m Metre MBE Multibeam Echo Sounder MM Marine Magnetometer MMO Marine Mammal Observer MSL Mean Sea Level M metres m/s Metres per second OD Ordnance Datum (Malin OD) PDF Portable Document Format QC Quality Control S Seconds SBP Sub Bottom Profiler SGY Seismic Data Format SVP Sound Velocity Profiler TIF(F) Tag Image File (Format) UTM Universal Transverse Mercator XTF Extended Triton Format

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Moore Marine Services Ltd. was commissioned by A number of additional possible archaeological Atkins Consulting Engineers, Ireland, to carry out a features ranging from anomalous seafloor mounds cultural heritage impact assessment of the proposed and hollows to cluster anomalies were identified route of two potential outfall routes for the Youghal both to the north and east of the proposed Main Drainage Scheme. development site. These anomalies will require investigation as they may experience secondary Current and future population projections for impact from the development works. Youghal town indicate that there will be increased load on the town’s waste water treatment facility. The magnetometer survey at Dunnes Park recorded Consequently it is proposed to construct a modern only one magnetic anomaly in the development wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to cater for the zone. Diver investigation is also recommended for future demands of the town. The outfall for the plant this feature. is to be located either on the southern end of Green’s Quay, east of the ferry point in Youghal At the Ferry Point fifty eight potential underwater Harbour or adjacent to the current outfall at Dunnes anomalies were identified on the side scan sonar traces. Of these sixteen were deemed of possible Park. cultural heritage significance and warranting further The desktop assessment for this proposed investigation. The magnetometer data recorded high development concluded that the town has been the concentrations of metals adjacent to the shore throughout the Ferry Point survey area. These were site of extensive and diverse maritime related activity, which includes the sinking of a number of explained during the course of a site visit as there vessels and an 18th Century programme of were significant quantities of discarded metals on the foreshore in this area. reclamation and dredging works.

The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage for In addition to recording the preponderance of East Cork records a large number of Record of metals on the foreshore, the site visit also recorded Protected Structures (RPS) for the town of Youghal. that the town quays and docks were in a bad state of Three protected structures are in the vicinity of the repair. It did not record any previously unrecorded proposed development and of these, only one cultural heritage materials, features or deposits at (Youghal Seawall Reg. No. 20823004) has the either of the two survey areas. potential to be impacted by the proposed development works. The report concludes that the development has the potential to negatively impact previously unrecorded Archaeological interpretation of previously acquired cultural heritage. It subsequently recommends that side scan sonar data of the Dunnes Park area all potential cultural heritage anomalies are indicated that site of the proposed development investigated prior to commencement of the project. contained only one possible archaeological anomaly. It is also recommends that the Architectural Heritage This feature was identified as a probable anchor and Section of the Department of the Environment, buoy, however definition confirmation was not Heritage and Local Government are consulted with possible. As a result it is recommended that this regard to the possible impact of Youghal Seawall, feature warrants diver investigation. RPS no. 20823004.

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1 SCOPE OF WORKS

1.1 Introduction

Moore Marine Services Ltd. was commissioned by Atkins Consulting Engineers to carry out a cultural heritage impact assessment of the proposed route of the Youghal Main Drainage Scheme outfall.

The assessment addresses the background to the proposed development, its archaeological and historical background. It details the results of a review of third party acquired geophysical data and a site visit. The final section of the report identifies the location and extent of possible cultural heritage material which may be affected by the proposed development and recommends suggested mitigation measures.

1.2 Purpose of the Project

The aim of the cultural heritage impact assessment was to:

• Ascertain the character, condition and extent of any areas, features or objects of cultural heritage significance likely to be affected by the proposed works, including any associated temporary works and to ascertain the potential impact of the works on remains outside the immediate area of the proposed works as these may be vulnerable to impacts arising from consequent changes in hydrology and sediment formation

• Accurately locate these areas, features and objects of cultural heritage significance and present the findings in map form

• Describe same and discuss their likely provenance

• Ascertain the potential impact of the proposed works on these remains

• Recommend appropriate measures for the avoidance of these remains or, where this cannot be achieved, to recommend measures to mitigate the impact of the works

• Incorporate all the above into a report

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Figure 1: Extract from Discovery Series Map # 84 with site location highlighted

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2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT

2.1 Description of the Existing Sewerage System

The existing Dunnes Park sewage outfall is located north of Green’s Quay in Youghal Harbour. An EPA Quality of Bathing Water Report (2008) recorded a decline in water quality by 2% from 2007 to 2008. Youghal lost its blue flag beach status in 2008 due to the decrease in microbiological quality of the bathing waters and this was attributable in part to the existing sewage outfall discharge at Dunnes Park.

2.2 Description of the proposed works

Due to current and future population projections for Youghal town, it is proposed to construct a modern wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) to cater for the future increased loads. The outfall for the plant is to be located on the southern end of Green’s Quay, east of the ferry point in Youghal Harbour. Both the WWTP and the outfall will be designed and constructed under a Design Build Operate Maintain (DBOM) contract. The proposed works will improve substantially the quality of the effluent discharged to the Irish Sea and as the outfall from the treatment plant is located at the town, the quality of bathing water in the harbour. The WWTP will be designed to initially have a capacity of 16,000 Population Equivalent (PE), with space on site for an increase to a maximum capacity of 24,000 PE. It will be constructed at Mudlands, located to the north of Youghal town. The treatment process to be used will be determined by the DBOM Tenderer. Effluent from the plant will fall by gravity or, at times of high tide, will be pumped to an outfall at Greens Quay. The outfall sewer is anticipated to be 450mm diameter but this may change slightly at detailed design stage. The outfall pipe will extend a maximum of 300m into the Blackwater Estuary from Green’s Quay to the deepest part of the channel (Figure 2). The route of the outfall will be determined following geophysical and archaeological surveys to mitigate these risks. The end point of the outfall will be determined using dispersion modelling.

2.2 Site Layout/Location details

County Cork Townland Youghal OS Sheet number 81 RMP number N/A NGR 610673, 577902 Height +/- 10m O.D

Table 1. Location details

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Figure 2. Site development plan

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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

3.1 Solid Geology

The Geological Survey of Ireland records the geology of the region surrounding Youghal as consisting of Devonian Sandstone/Old Red Sandstone which borders a band of Carboniferous Limestone to the north.

3.2 Soil Type

The Geological Survey of Ireland records the soil type of the area as being Brown Podzolic (acid brown earth and gleys) which borders an area of Acid Brown earths and gleys to the north.

3.3 Landscape

The landscape surrounding Youghal consists of rolling lowlands.

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4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The following data were collected by Moore Marine Services. They indicate that the study area is located within a very rich maritime archaeological and historical landscape.

4.1 Mesolithic Period

The Mesolithic (middle stone age) people were the first inhabitants of Ireland, arriving about 9000 years ago. They were a mobile society relying on wild resources for food, which was hunted and gathered using stone tools as well as boats, nets and traps. Settlement was in temporary and semi permanent groups of huts constructed of wood slung with hide, which may have operated as seasonal or hunting camps.

Little is known about the earliest settlement of Youghal but its geographical position at the mouth of a large river, together with an abundance of pottery clay, would make it a suitable base. The earliest settlement evidence for the area is from the Mesolithic, approximately 8,000 years ago. Evidence for Mesolithic habitation in the area surrounding Youghal can be seen in the form of a Mesolithic stone backed blade which was found at Newport. Further evidence for exploitation of the area came when a mudstone axe was discovered near the old brickworks to the north of the town. Mesolithic settlement in this area is not surprising as the region is particularly suited to a hunter gatherer lifestyle. These early hunter/gatherers exploited the rich resources of the area and almost certainly arrived by sea. They were followed by succeeding waves of immigration bringing cultural changes and new ideas.

4.2 Neolithic Period

Farming was first adopted in the Middle East but spread gradually across Europe in succeeding centuries, arriving in Ireland about 4000 BC. Tending of crops and animals required a more sedentary lifestyle and larger permanent settlements were built. The megalithic (from the Greek ‘mega’ – large and ‘lithos’ – stone) monuments of the Neolithic people built as communal tombs or for ceremonial purposes, are relatively common in the landscape. New methods were adopted for shaping stone tools and the first long distance trade networks were established.

The RMP indicates that there are no megalithic monuments close to Youghal. Excavations conducted by the National Roads Authority in County Cork have uncovered five Neolithic house sites at Barnagore, Ballinglanna North, Caherdrinny and two at Gortore. These sites ranged from 5 -25 km from the subject site. The presence of such a high number of Neolithic sites in the general area would indicate that there was a Neolithic culture in the general area. Given the favourable geographic location of the area, it would appears likely that the area surrounding Youghal was exploited by Neolithic cultures.

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4.3 Bronze Age

As stone tools were replaced by the use of copper, later combined with tin to make bronze, the structure of society also changed over centuries. While some communal megalithic monuments, particularly wedge tombs, continued to be used, the Bronze Age is characterised by a movement towards single burial and the production of prestige items and weapons, suggesting that society was increasingly stratified and warlike.

Fulachtaí fia are enigmatic features and amongst the most common archaeological site in Ireland. They usually date from the Bronze Age and are frequent in Co. Cork. They are often recognised as horseshoe or oval shaped mounds which on excavation are found to consist of burnt material, ash and shattered stone. In the centre a wooden trough will sometimes survive, possibly lined with clay or leather, and one or more hearths may be present in the immediate area. Fulachtaí fia are almost always found in marshy areas or by a stream and it is thought that their location was chosen to allow the trough to be filled with water. Hot stones from the hearths were then placed into the water to heat it. The function of the hot water remains unclear and is the subject of intense debate in Ireland. It has been suggested to have been used for dying, cooking, brewing or washing.

A fulacht fiadh has been excavated at Scartbarry, between Rathcormac and Fermoy. On this site a substantial stone lined trough was found near a large hearth. A house with an entrance to the south straddling this trough has been interpreted as a sweathouse or sauna. An identical structure has been excavated at Carrignafoy, near Cobh. Despite the uncertainty of its purpose, these two structures are unique in the county.

4.4 The Iron Age / Early Historic Period

In late Bronze Age Ireland the use of the metal reached a high point with the production of high quality decorated weapons, ornament and instruments, often discovered from hoards or ritual deposits. The Iron Age however is known as a ‘dark age’ in Irish prehistory. Iron objects are found rarely, but there is no evidence for the warrior culture of the rest of Europe, although the distinctive La Tène style of art with animal motifs and spirals was adopted. Life in Iron Age in Ireland seems to have been much as it was in the early historic period – mixed farmers living in or around small defended settlements known as ringforts or stone cashels.

The Celtic culture arrived here 2,500 years ago and many fine fortified enclosures, known as raths, survive in the countryside around Youghal. The earliest settlement at Youghal was probably a rath, which is remembered by the very old road running around the town called Raheen Road. There is evidence of contact with Roman Britain in the period before the coming of Christianity but no evidence of Roman presence here. The name "Youghal" derives from the old Irish "Eochaill" - meaning "Yew

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wood". Standing stones at Dunmoon, Knockaun, Ballynafinshoeige and Propogue also date from this period.

National Road Authority schemes discovered Iron Age buildings at Ballinaspig More (Ballincollig Bypass) and Muckridge (near Youghal) together with iron production sites at three other confirmed locations. Unusual rectangular enclosures at Ballynacarriga have been identified as settlement sites. The larger one was inhabited in the 7th century AD and contained a round house, cooking pits, a corn drying kiln and two souterrains. A souterrain is an underground passage or chamber which was used as a refuge, or for storage. Another rectangular enclosure which was added later contained three houses and corn- drying kilns.

The earliest evidence of Christianity in the Youghal area consists of two small religious foundations. The site of the Church of Coran and the founder's hermitage is located in the western suburb of the town. This foundation may have been associated with the important 5th century AD monastery at Ardmore - seven miles to the east. Molana, an island monastery three miles north of Youghal, founded in the early 6th century, became a great centre of learning and religious reform during the 7th - 10th centuries.

The Vikings originally used Youghal as a base from which they could raid the wealthy monastic sites along the south coast - such as Ardmore - or those further up the Blackwater River - Molana and Lismore. In the period after these raids a Viking settlement was established at Youghal to conduct trade. Youghal was linked to the settlement at Lismore from at least the 9th century by the Bealach Eochaille, the Road of Youghal. The Viking settlement of Youghal is likely to have been small and may not have been a permanent foundation. It would have been well fortified and probably contained a church. It is recorded that in 864 AD the Deise clan from the neighbouring countryside destroyed the Norse fort at Youghal. However a century later in 945 the Vikings were sufficiently settled to be involved in a major battle with their own kinsmen outside Youghal. No traces of Viking settlement have been uncovered in the town. A clue to the town’s Norse past can be seen in the presence of a stone in the transept of St Mary's Collegiate Church which bears the faint etched outline of a longboat.

Hostilities with these Norwegian and Danish settlers all but ceased after the Battle of Clontarf in 1014, in which the armies of the Irish, under the command of Brian Boru, defeated the Vikings. Youghal took on the mantle of a trading port and began to service the vast hinterland of East Cork and West Waterford.

In the 12th century, with the arrival of the Normans, the Viking fortifications were renewed and rebuilt. In 1173, the Norman leader Strongbow, was waiting with supplies at Youghal when ambushed by a fleet from Cork including both Irishmen and Gallicised Vikings. The Normans were the victors of the surprise attack following a sea battle fought at the mouth of Youghal harbour. Amongst those who fought in this battle was Raymond ‘Le Gros’ Fitzgerald who later conquered Limerick City for the Normans. In due

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course, Fitzgerald came to settle in the area, quite possibly at Molana Abbey. The Abbey’s confidence had been restored some years earlier when local chieftain, Cathal O Donnchadh, fortified the island and introduced Augustinian canons to the old Celtic Christian abbey. In 1177 the area around Youghal was granted by Henry II to Robert Fitzstephen who further renewed and extended the fortifications of the town.

4.5 Later Historic Period

In the Middle Ages Youghal gained power and influence in both Ireland and Europe. In fact at this time the town was second only to Bristol as the busiest port in the British Isles. In 1202 Youghal received its first charter from King John. Religious institutes flourished with the Franciscans founding their first friary outside of Italy in the town in 1224 while their founder, St Francis of Assisi, was still living. St. Mary's Collegiate Church, where so many of the Smyths of Ballynatray were commemorated, was built on the site of an earlier church in 1220.

In 1275 Edward Longshanks levied a tax for the building of stone walls to replace the Norman walls. When Edward launched his Scottish campaign against William Wallace, Youghal’s prominence was such that it was the only town in Ireland required to send three ships to his aid. Youghal ultimately provided nine of the twenty seven Irish ships which took part in the campaign. By 1291, according to Pope Nicholas IV’s tax records, St Mary’s was the wealthiest benefice in the entire diocese of Cloyne. On Easter Sunday 1317, Roger Mortimer arrived at Youghal on his quest to bring an end to Edward the Bruce’s invasion of Ireland.

By 1350 Youghal was a fine walled town, trading with ports all over Europe. It withstood numerous attacks from pirates, including corsairs from Algeria. St John's priory was founded in the Main Street as a minor house to the Benedictine Priory in Waterford. Small portions of the building still survive including the door arch and a small window on the street front. The town walls and its fosse on the west side, with at least 12 towers, surrounded the settlement, stretching up the hill behind the houses to prevent attack from the higher ground. Evidence of 13th/14th century houses were discovered during archaeological excavations at Chapel Lane and North Main Street. By the 15th century, a small extension to the walls had been made to the south to create a 'base town' with an adjoining quay. The three main openings in the walls were the Watergate, which opened onto the quays, the North Gate, the principal landward entrance to the town and the Iron Gate at the southern edge. The Iron gate was later called the Trinity Gate and is now the site of the Clock Gate.

Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, the town’s prosperity rose and fell as civil war and rebellion tore the countryside apart. The power and possessions of the Earls of Desmond generated concern and envy in the English administration. The Earls constantly tested the limits of their power and independence from the English. The Earls were feudal lords who did not take kindly to interference by monarch and

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administration. Inevitably, the situation led to open rebellion, and in 1579 Gerald Fitzgerald, the 14th Earl of Desmond, was drawn into the conflict. Youghal soon fell to Desmond's army as the town's defences had not been maintained properly. The town was sacked and what fortifications it had were destroyed. The English, led by the Earl of Ormond, recaptured Youghal some weeks later. The English forces sent to quell the rebellion then had their turn at terrorising the town, the Lord Mayor, Patrick Coppinger, was hanged from his own doorway for failing to maintain the strength of the town's defences.

Figure 3. Pacata Hibernia Map of Youghal circa 1587, from Orme 1966

The Munster Plantation of the 1580s was the first mass plantation in Ireland and was instituted as punishment for the Desmond Rebellions. Elizabeth I began to parcel out the confiscated lands to her faithful supporters and military officers. The lands were granted on condition of establishing colonies of English in order to quell rebellion and develop resources. As part of the Munster Plantation Sir Walter Raleigh was granted 42,000 acres extending from Youghal (The Inchiquin Seignory and he made his home here for short periods during the 17 years in which he held the lands. His stately Elizabethan house, Myrtle Grove, built in the mid 16th century, was originally the residence of the Warden of the College of Youghal. Myrtle Grove is a rare example of a 16th century house that has survived largely intact. Although the house was altered in the 16th, 18th and 19th centuries, it retains its original character and contains some interior features which probably date back to the 1580s. The first potatoes in Ireland

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were planted in the gardens of Myrtle Grove in 1585, and it is possible that the house witnessed the beginning of tobacco smoking in Ireland. The poet Spenser was a contemporary of Raleigh's and had been granted lands in North Cork. He is said to have been inspired to write the "Faerie Queen" while looking out the window of Myrtle Grove.

In July 1649, Oliver Cromwell landed in Ireland in order to put down rebellion and ensure support for his war in England. Cromwell wintered in Youghal. The geographical location of the town offered Cromwell a strategic headquarters from which he could strike at any of the major towns of the south of Ireland. Cromwell departed Ireland from Youghal on May 29th, 1650. Tradition has it that he left via the Watergate, which was thereafter known locally as Cromwell's Arch. At the end of the 17th century, Youghal had 33 registered vessels, while its main rivals of Cork and Kinsale had 24 and 22 respectively.

Youghal emerged from the turbulent years of the 17th Century to a period of growth during the 18th century. Trade expanded, with quays and warehouses being built on reclaimed land between the medieval town and the river, and by 1821 Youghal's population had grown from under 4000 in 1764 to over 10,000. The Red House, a Queen Anne style house dating from 1703, was built by the Dutch architect Leuventhan for the Uniacke family. In 1777 the Clock Gate was built on the site of Trinity Castle, part of the town's fortifications. The old Trinity gate had separated the Base Town from the medieval town proper. The Clock Gate served the town as goal and public gallows until 1837. In 1787 a new storey was added to the Clock Gate Tower to cater for the rising number of people arrested as rebels. It was a grim building - prisoners were routinely tortured for information. Sometimes they were flogged and deported. Several members of the United Irishmen were publicly hanged from the windows. The Clock Gate was a symbol of terror and tyranny for the countryside around, it still stands today.

The dockland area of Youghal was a very different landscape prior to the 18th Century. During the early part of the 18th Century ever-increasing trade meant it was necessary for the town to expand beyond the limits of the town walls. This work accelerated after 1769 when Parliament granted £1,200 towards the cost of clearing Youghal's approach channels and expanding the docks. Areas of riverbank outside the town wall were progressively enclosed and infilled by merchants such as Perry, Salter, Mannix and Grubb. Salters Quay was constructed in 1716. Thomas and William Green further reclaimed this area in 1782 to create Grattan Street. Due to growth in the corn trade between 1750 and 1820, Youghal had the third highest revenue receipts in the country by 1761. Stores and warehouses for corn were built on the newly extended quays. By the close of the 18th Century, Catherine Street, Harvey Dock and Greens Quay had been created.

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Today the town’s docks are empty and recent development has centred on the middle of the town rather than its quays, piers and docks. Youghal is now the centre of a seasonal tourist industry based around its coastal location and rich heritage.

4.6 Lewis Topographical Dictionary

Lewis Topographical Dictionary gives a unique insight into early nineteenth century life within Irish counties and towns. Samuel Lewis first published his two volumes of The Topographical Dictionary of Ireland in 1837. His main aim, along with his previous topographical dictionaries and maps of the United Kingdom, was to give in ‘a condensed form’, a reliable and unbiased description of each place. The dictionary provides a comprehensive description of all Irish localities as they existed at the time of publication. Every parish, town and village in Ireland, including numbers of inhabitants, the economy, history, topography, religion and parish structures, administration and courts, schools are described. Lewis gives the names of the principal inhabitants (generally landlords, merchants and professionals). The dictionary is the first detailed study of its kind for Ireland, and since it was published just prior to the Irish Potato Famine (1845-49) it is a valuable resource used widely by historians and genealogists alike. Lewis’s record for the town of Youghal is recorded here in full.

“YOUGHAL, a sea-port, borough, and market-town, and a parish, in the barony of IMOKILLY, county of CORK, and province of MUNSTER, 29 miles (E.) from Cork, and 124 1/2 (S. W.) from Dublin; containing 11,327 inhabitants, of which number, 9608 are in the town. The place derived its name, signifying "a wooded place," from its situation at the base of a range of hills, which, at the period of its erection, was a dense forest. The town is of very remote antiquity, having so early as the year 1209 received from King John a charter of incorporation which is still preserved among the archives of Lismore Castle. In 1224, Maurice Fitz-Gerald founded a Franciscan monastery on the south side of the town, which was the first religious foundation of the order in Ireland. It is recorded that he originally intended the building for a castle, but that, in consequence of some harsh treatment which the workmen received from his eldest son, he changed his design and determined to devote it to religious uses: but, dying in 1257, it was completed in 1260 by his second son, Thomas, whose son, in 1263 or 1271, founded a Dominican monastery, called the Friary of St. Mary of Thanks. At this time the town had attained some commercial eminence, for in 1267 the amount of customs paid was £103. In 1317, Sir Roger Mortimer, who had been appointed Lord-Justice, landed here in Easter week with 38 knights, and in a short time compelled Edward Bruce to retreat from the neighbouring country and take refuge in Ulster; and in the year following, Alexander Bicknor, Archbishop of Dublin and Lord-Deputy of Ireland, also landed at this port. In 1579, the Earl of Desmond, on being proclaimed a traitor, led his forces to this place, plundered the town, and carried off the property of the inhabitants to his castles of Strancally and Lisfinry, in the county of Waterford, at that time occupied by the Spaniards. The Earl of Ormonde, receiving intelligence of this attack, sent a ship from Waterford with troops which entered the town, but, being overpowered

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by the forces of the seneschal of Imokilly, most of them were killed and the remainder escaped with difficulty to their ships. The mayor had before this perfidiously refused to receive an English garrison, promising to defend the place to the last extremity; but, having made no effort for that purpose, he was tried by a court martial, found guilty, and hanged before his own house. The devastation to which the town was subjected during this rebellion compelled the inhabitants to abandon it; but on the retreat of the insurgents in 1580, they were invited to return, and in order to inspire them with confidence a garrison of 300 foot was left for their defence. In 1582 the seneschal of Imokilly, with all the forces he could muster, came suddenly to Youghal and scaled the walls; the alarm however being given, he was repulsed by a portion of the garrison, with the loss of 50 of his men.

In the war of 1641 the town again became an important military station, and was defended against the insurgents by the Earl of Cork, at his own expense, with 1000 foot and 60 horse, in addition to which the townsmen maintained 15 companies without any other supply than what the earl might furnish. Sir Chas. Vavasour, with his regiment of 1000 men, came to their assistance in February 1642, and landed with some difficulty; soon after the earl held a session in the town, at which the principal insurgent leaders were indicted for high treason; this powerful nobleman died in the following year. In 1644 the native Irish were expelled from the town and their property was seized. In 1645 the place was besieged by Lord Castlehaven: although the town was in a very weak state of defence and the garrison small, the besiegers were several times repulsed and on the arrival of Lord Broghill with assistance, were compelled to abandon the enterprise. On the approach of Cromwell in 1649, the inhabitants embraced the cause of the parliament, and that general made Youghal his head-quarters till the spring; after the siege of Clonmel he returned and embarked here for England. By letters patent under the privy seal, dated Feb. 14th, 1660, their estates and franchises were restored to the inhabitants, being "innocent Papists", who had been deprived of them during Cromwell's usurpation. On the 2nd of August, 1690, after the reduction of Waterford, Youghal surrendered to a few dragoons of King William's army; and on the 9th the governor marched at the head of a small army to Castlemartyr, where he defeated a large number of the Irish, and seized the castle for the king's use. In 1696 the inhabitants manned a boat with 40 seamen and soldiers, and captured a French privateer which had put into the harbour to obtain supplies, and lay at anchor under Cable island. His late Majesty William IV., when Prince William Henry, visited Youghal as commander of the ship Pegasus, in 1787; and honoured the corporation with his company to dinner, on which occasion he was presented with the freedom of the borough.

The town is pleasantly situated on the western shore of the harbour to which it gives name, and which is enclosed between two bold eminences called Blackball Head and Knockvarry, leaving a channel of about half a mile in breadth for the confluent streams of the Toragh and the Blackwater, which discharge themselves into the bay. The Toragh is a boundary between Cork and Waterford for about two miles before it falls into the Blackwater, and then makes a bold sweep to the east and south, forming in

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appearance a fine lake, environed by an amphitheatre of verdant and gently sloping hills, which terminate abruptly on the south in the two bold eminences previously noticed. Knockvarry, rising immediately over the town, is in many places well planted. The principal street, from which diverge several smaller streets, is nearly a mile in length, and is divided by the clock gate into the north and south main-streets: the houses are irregularly built, but generally of respectable appearance, though occasionally intermixed with a few of the more ancient, which are in a ruinous and dilapidated state; the total number, in 1831, was 1249. The streets are pitched, but neither paved nor flagged; they are lighted with gas, and cleansed under the provisions of the act of the 9th of Geo. IV. The inhabitants are supplied with water from pumps erected in various parts; but the supply in dry seasons being deficient, and the water, from an admixture of sea water, being rendered unpalatable, it is in contemplation to bring water of a better quality to the houses by pipes from the extremities of the town, where there is an abundant supply. Within the last half century the town has extended itself in all directions; the ancient walls have been entirely removed, and a valuable piece of slab having been reclaimed by the corporation and their tenantry, Catherine-street, the Mall, and numerous extensive warehouses have been built on it. At the southern extremity of the town, near the old abbey, two ranges of spacious and handsome houses have been erected and an elegant and commodious hotel built by the Duke of Devonshire; on the west side of the town is Nelson-place; and a neat row of houses has been built on the east side. Most of the houses in the principal streets are either new or have been modernised; many of the ancient houses have been newly fronted, but may still be distinguished by their gable ends fronting the street, and their pointed doorways of stone. The town is much frequented during the summer for sea-bathing, for which it is well adapted, having a fine, smooth, and level strand extending nearly three miles along the western shore of the bay; but as a watering-place it is deficient in the accommodation of good lodgings, which might be easily supplied by the erection of marine villas and lodging-houses at the Cork entrance to the town, along the declivity of the hill, which would command a pleasing prospect of the bay, the strand, and Capell island. This would not only increase the number of visiters during the season, but induce many persons to take up their permanent abode in the town, which, among other advantages, enjoys the benefit of cheap and well supplied markets, salubrity of atmosphere, central situation, and excellent society.

The bridge over the Blackwater, a mile and a half north-east from the town, was erected in 1830, after a design of the late Alex. Nimmo, by George Nimmo, Esq., under the provisions of an act passed in 182S, which empowered certain commissioners to take ground and to erect a bridge from Foxhole, in the parish of St. Mary, Youghal, to the opposite shore, in the parish of Clashmore, county of Waterford. The expense of its erection, exclusively of £8509 paid to the corporation for the ferry, was £22,000, towards which Government advanced £10,000 as a loan: it was carried into execution by proprietary shareholders of £100 each, but the speculation has not renumerated them. This structure is built of Memel fir and is remarkably light and elegant: it is 1787 feet in length, including a drawbridge 40 feet

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long; its uniform breadth is 22 feet within the railings, which are 4 1/2 feet in height; and the whole is supported on 57 sets of piers of five pillars each. The gas-works, on the strand adjoining the northern entrance to the town, were built in 1830 under the provisions of the act of the 9th of Geo. IV.; the establishment is managed by 21 commissioners.

A public library was established in 1825 by a proprietary of 30 shareholders of 5 guineas, who also annually subscribe half a guinea each; the subscription for non-proprietors is a guinea, and it is open to strangers on introduction by a proprietor, on payment of half a crown monthly; the number of volumes is about 800, exclusive of a copy of Rees's Cyclopaedia, presented by the Duke of Devonshire. There are two public reading-rooms, one in the Mall-house and the other in the national school-rooms, both well furnished with English and Irish newspapers, periodicals, and works of reference. The Youghal Literary and Scientific Institution, for the diffusion of knowledge by lectures on subjects capable of practical illustration, was founded in 1833, and is supported by annual subscriptions of half a guinea each, which entitle the subscriber and his family to admission to the lectures: a library and museum are in course of formation. Balls and concerts are held during the summer season at the Mall-house. A savings' bank has been established, and a large and handsome building, in which the business is now conducted, was erected in 1831, the expense of which was defrayed from the accumulated surplus fund: the management is remarkably good and the deposits numerous. On an eminence north of the town are infantry barracks for the accommodation of 6 officers and 180 men.

The woollen, manufacture was formerly carried on here to a considerable extent, but has long since been discontinued; that of porcelain and fine delf was likewise carried on for a time: but the only manufactures at present are those of bricks, of which some of a very fine quality are sent coastwise to Cork; a coarse kind of pottery made for the use of the neighbourhood, and an extensive rope- manufacture. A large porter and ale brewery was established at the northern end of the town by Messrs. Deaves and Eustace, the machinery of which is of the most improved kind; a malting concern is connected with it. Messrs. Keays and Messrs. Ronayne have each establishments for the purchase and export of salmon in ice; the annual amount of export is valued at about £2500. At the north end of the town is a quarry of good clay-slate, used as building stone, which produces an abundant supply; it is the property of the corporation, who generously give it to the quarry men working it, by whom the produce is disposed of to great advantage. The trade of the port is very considerable, especially the coasting trade; it consists chiefly of the export of agricultural produce and the import of coal, culm, timber, Staffordshire ware, porter, and groceries for the supply of the neighbourhood. In 1835 there were sent from this port 156,653 barrels of oats, 12,827 of wheat, and 16,973 of barley, 13,123 sacks of flour, 832 barrels of rye, 8593 firkins and 419 kegs of butter, 641 sacks of biscuit, 2190 bales of bacon, 6429 live pigs, 866 head of cattle, 434 sheep, 40 hogsheads of lard, 613 gallons of whiskey, and a large quantity of dried salmon. The number of vessels that cleared outwards was 420 with cargoes and 46 in ballast; and

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the number that entered inwards was 459 with cargoes of coal, culm, and timber, and 26 in ballast. The number of vessels registered as belonging to the port was 28, of the aggregate burden of 2998 tons, of which two were engaged in the foreign trade: the duties paid at the custom-house amounted to £561. 15. 2.

The harbour is safe and commodious, and at spring tides is accessible to vessels of 500 tons' burden; ships not drawing more than 12 feet of water may ride afloat off the town; but there is a bar across the entrance, extending about a mile to the south, on which are only five feet at low water, and thirteen feet at high water of neap tides; the sea is consequently rough when the wind blows on the shore or against the tide. The quays are extensive and commodious, and on one of them is the custom-house, a building well adapted to its purpose; but Youghal being only a creek to Cork, most of the large vessels discharge at the latter port. Here is a coast-guard station, consisting of one officer and nine men under a resident inspecting commander, forming the head of the district of Youghal, which comprises the subordinate stations of Helwick Head, Ardmore, Knockadoon, and Ballycotton. The market is daily, but the principal market is on Saturday, which is large and well supplied, particularly with fish, meat, and vegetables; and a fair is held on Ascension-day. There is a convenient market-place for butchers' meat and another for fish. A mail coach from Cork to Waterford passes through the town every evening, and another to the latter city is despatched every morning; besides which, there are several stage coaches every day to Cork.

The earliest charter to Youghal on record, exclusively of those of a temporary nature, is that of the 49th of Edw. III., directing that the dues hitherto paid at Cork for certain staple articles should henceforward be paid in the port of Youghal. Another charter of the 2nd of Edw. IV. granted to the sovereign and provosts the cognizance of pleas to any amount, both real and personal, and appointed the sovereign clerk of the market, with power to regulate the weights and measures and the assize of bread, also escheator and admiral of the port, which was made a petty limb of the cinque ports of Ireland. A charter of the 2nd of Rich. III. changed the titles of Sovereign and Provosts into those of Mayor and Bailiffs, and incorporated the town by the name of "the Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses and Commonalty of the Town of Youghal," with cognizance of all pleas real and personal, and a court of record every Friday, the freemen to be free of tolls throughout England and Ireland, and the corporation to have the customs and cocquet from the headland of Ardmore and Capell island to the island of Toureen. The charter of the 12th of Hen. VII. granted the corporation a ferry at Youghal and a mease of herrings from every fishing boat. That of the 7th of Jas. I., which is considered to be the governing charter, after confirming all the privileges in former grants, and licensing two weekly markets and two fairs, granted a corporation of the staple, as in Dublin, the retiring mayor and bailiffs to be mayor and constables of the staple for the ensuing year; the mayor, deputy mayor, recorder, and bailiffs to be justices of the peace and of oyer and terminer for the borough, and for the county of Cork; and licensed the mayor to have a sword borne

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before him. The charter granted by Jas. II., in the fourth year of his reign, is not considered valid. The borough appears to have exercised the elective franchise by prescription, as, though no notice of that privilege appears in any of its charters, it continued to send two members to the Irish parliament from the year 1374 till the Union, since which period it has returned one member to the imperial parliament; the right of election was vested solely in the members of the corporation and the freemen, whether resident or not; but by the act of the 2nd of Wm. IV., cap. 88, it has been granted to the £10 householders, and the non-resident freemen have been disfranchised. A new boundary has been drawn round the town, including an area of 212 statute acres, the limits of which are minutely detailed in the appendix. The number of electors registered up to the beginning of 1836 was 333: the mayor is the returning officer. The mayor is elected from among the burgesses annually; the bailiffs are elected annually at the same court out of the freemen; the aldermen are those burgesses who have been mayors; the burgesses, those freemen who have been bailiffs: the number of each class is unlimited: the freemen are chosen at the court of D'Oyer Hundred, but must be proposed by the mayor; no qualification on the part of the candidate is required. The court of D'Oyer Hundred is an assemblage of all the members of the corporation, and exercises the right of admitting freemen, disposing of the corporation property, and performing all other corporate acts except the election of officers. There is a class of freemen, called freemen of trade, arising from a power given to the corporation to license foreigners to trade in the town, but they exercise no political functions. The recorder is elected for life at a special meeting of the corporate body, called a court of election. The court of quarter sessions, held by the mayor, bailiffs and recorder, has jurisdiction in all cases, but confines its proceedings to larcenies and misdemeanours punishable by fine and imprisonment. The court of pleas or record, held before the mayor and bailiffs, or one of them, assisted in special cases by the recorder, takes cognizance of pleas to any amount. The police consists of a chief constable (who is also sword-bearer), and 8 constables: a party of the county police is stationed in the town, under the control of the mayor. The property of the corporation consists of lands and tenements, yielding about £900 per ann.; of tolls and customs, producing an uncertain amount; and of an annuity from the commissioners of the Blackwater bridge, being the interest on £8500, the purchase money of the ferry. The Mall-house, in which the borough courts are held and the public business of the corporation is transacted, is a handsome structure, built by the corporation in 1779, on a site reclaimed from the slab: it contains, besides the court-rooms, an assembly-room, a reading-room, and the Mayor's offices: adjoining it is an agreeable promenade. The borough gaol is a lofty square building of four stories, called the Dockgate, surmounted by a lantern and cupola containing the town clock; it was rebuilt in 1777, but is defective in several of the accommodations essential to the health of the prisoners and the proper regulation of the place.

The parish comprises 9000 acres, as applotted under the tithe act: the surface is exceedingly undulating, and the lands are mostly under cultivation or planted; the substratum is clay-slate, the soil light but productive, and the system of agriculture is rapidly improving: there is a small portion of waste land,

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which is chiefly composed of marsh and turbary, comprising about 400 acres; it is being reclaimed and brought into cultivation. The surrounding scenery is varied, bold, and interesting, and is embellished with numerous gentlemen's seats and flourishing plantations. Among these are Myrtle Grove, built in 1586 by Sir Walter Raleigh, and for some time the residence of that distinguished person, since whose death it has experienced but little alteration: it is the property of the representatives of the late Walter Hayman, Esq., and is now inhabited by Col. Faunt. The house is situated in a secluded spot near the church, and, with the exception of some of the windows which have been modernised, preserves its antique character of pointed gables and spacious chimneys, and is considered a perfect specimen of the Elizabethan style of architecture. The drawing-room is panelled with polished oak superbly carved; the mantel piece is an elaborate and exquisite specimen of carved work in the richest designs, the lower cornice resting upon three beautiful figures representing Faith, Hope, and Charity, and the whole embellished with a profusion of richly carved figures and emblematical devices. In removing the panelling of one of the rooms, some years since, an aperture in the wall was discovered in which were found several old books; one bound in oak, and printed at Mantua in 1479, consisted of two parts, one in black letter, a history of the Bible, with coloured initials; the other an ecclesiastical history by John Schallus, professor of physic at Hernfield, dedicated to Prince Gonzales; it is now in the possession of Mathew Hayman, Esq., of this town. The demesne of Myrtle Grove was remarkable for the luxuriant growth of myrtles, bays, the arbutus and other exotics in the open air, but all the largest myrtles have been cut down by the present tenant. On a hill above the town the potatoe, brought by Sir W. Raleigh from America, was planted; but from an erroneous opinion that the apple which grew on the stalk was the sole produce of the plant, it was gathered and rejected; and it was not till some time after, when the ground was dug for another crop, that the potatoes were discovered and the value of the plant appreciated: from these few plants the whole country was in course of time stocked. College House, the property of the Duke of Devonshire, is a handsome modern edifice, the ancient house built in 1464, having been taken down; it is a quadrilateral building with a circular tower at each angle; in the great hall is preserved one of the ancient mantel-pieces of the old house, of the same character but not of such elaborate workmanship as that at Myrtle Grove; the grounds are ornamented with myrtles, bay- trees, and the arbutus. The other gentlemen's residences are Green Park, that of Capt. H. Parker, R. N.; Clifton, of Sir Wm. Homan, Bart.; Bellevue, of J. Power, Esq.; Nelson Hill, of Mrs. Green; Muckridge, of Wm. Fitzgerald, Esq.; Brooklodge, of Mrs. Marsden; Healthfield, of Capt. Cotter; Rockville, of Thos. Fuge, Esq.; and the Cottage, of Thos. Seward, Esq.; besides numerous large and handsome houses in the town.

The living is a rectory, formerly annexed to the Wardenship of the College of St. Mary, Youghal, as united in perpetuity to the see of Cloyne, by act of council in 1639, but separated from it by an act obtained by the late Dr. Brinkley; it now forms a distinct living, but the wardenship is still annexed to the bishoprick, and the Bishop is patron of the rectory. The tithes amount to £521. 3. 3. The collegiate establishment was founded in 1464, by Thomas, Earl of Desmond, and consisted of a warden, eight

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fellows, and eight singing men: it was endowed with the parsonages of Aghem, Moyallow, Newtown, and Oletion, to which were subsequently added those of Ardagh, Clonpriest, Garrivoe, Ightermurragh, Kilcredan, and Killeagh, and the vicarage of Kilmacdonough, in the diocese of Cloyne, and four others in that of Ardfert, of all which the duties were performed by the warden and fellows. The collegiate church was a magnificent structure in the enriched Gothic style of architecture, with a lofty tower on the north side: it consisted of a nave, choir, transepts, and north and south aisles; the nave and aisles have been fitted up for the parish church: the chancel or choir is a splendid ruin, the north transept is used as a vestry, and the south contains some ancient monuments of the founder, and also of the Earls of Cork and other branches of that family; the latter transept is considered the private property of the Duke of Devonshire; it is much neglected and fast going to decay. The edifice is remarkably handsome and contains a throne for the bishop, as Warden of Youghal, and a state pew for the corporation. Near the south end of the town is a chapel of ease, a neat plain building, erected in 1817 on the cemetery of the ancient Dominican friary, at an expense of £1200, of which £900 was a gift from the late Board of First Fruits and £300 was raised by subscription. The R. C. district comprises the whole of the parishes of St. Mary Youghal and Clonpriest: the chapel is a handsome structure, 100 feet in length and 50 in breadth, built by subscription, aided by a donation of £700 from Dr. Coppinger, late R. C. bishop of Cloyne, under whose patronage it was erected; above the altar is a fine painting of the Crucifixion, brought from Lisbon. At the south entrance of the town a handsome convent for nuns of the Presentation order has been erected, towards the expense of which £2000 was received from Miss Gould, of Doneraile; attached to it are a small chapel and the female national schools. There are also places of worship for the Society of Friends, Independents, and Primitive and Wesleyan Methodists.

There are 19 schools in the parish, affording instruction to 1785 children. Of these, the male and female general free schools are supported by subscription and collections after annual sermons in the churches; the master and mistress have each a residence. The Youghal united schools are upon a novel but very interesting plan; they are self-supporting institutions, managed by a committee, and the children obtain a good English education. The national school is supported by an annual grant of £30 from the Board of Education and collections at the R. C. chapel; it is attended by 527 boys, who are instructed in reading, writing, arithmetic, book-keeping, and the mathematics by four monks of the Augustinian order, being a filiation of the parent house (the Presentation monastery, Cork), and one lay brother. The convent school, in which are 600 girls, is conducted by the ladies of the convent; and an infants' school is supported by subscription among Protestants. The ancient school, founded by the Earl of Cork in 1634, has an endowment of £30 per annum, paid by the Duke of Devonshire, and affords instruction to 18 boys; the master has a house and some excellent land. The remainder are private boarding and day schools, and are wholly supported by the pupils. The Earl of Cork's alms-houses for poor widows, founded in 1634, adjoin the free school; they have been recently rebuilt in their original style, with the arms of the founder in front; they contain apartments for six poor widows, who are supplied with fuel

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and receive £5 per annum from the Duke of Devonshire. The alms-houses founded by Mr. Ronayne have fallen into decay, there being no endowment for their maintenance. A Protestant almshouse was established in 1834 by subscription, in which are maintained 22 aged persons, who receive religious instruction every day from a minister of the Established Church; and there is a parochial poor establishment, in which 40 poor persons are supported chiefly by collections made in the church. The infirmary, fever-hospital, and dispensary are situated in a healthy and retired spot just without the town, and have the benefit of a resident medical attendant; they are under the direction of a committee of management, and are conducted with the strictest attention to economy and usefulness in every department. The lying-in hospital, established in 1824, is supported by donations and subscriptions, and affords relief also to patients at their own houses. A Ladies' Association for improving the condition of poor females, by affording employment in spinning, weaving, bleaching, dyeing, and hackling, was established in 1823, and is supported by subscription. The Tuscan plat institution, which grew out of the former, was commenced in 1829, under the patronage and personal direction of the lady of the Rev. H. Swanzy, who established a platting school for the instruction and subsequent employment of destitute females, whose moral improvement was to be promoted by a perusal of the Scriptures. This establishment affords employment to more than 30 females, and since its commencement has paid upwards of £800 to the most destitute class of society. John Perry, Esq., bequeathed a sum now producing £22 per annum; Dr. Hayes left £100, which has accumulated to £217, and now produces £13. 0. 4 3/4. per annum; John Spencer, in 1690, gave a rent-charge of £1; Mr. Cozens bequeathed a house, in 1783, which is now let for £18 per annum; Mr. John Rea, in 1795, bequeathed £100; Mr. W. Mannix, a rent-charge of £6; and Mr. Hobson, one of £3; producing altogether £66. 6. 10 3/4. per annum for distribution among the poor. Thomas Croker, in 1718, left a rent-charge of £4, the payment of which has been latterly discontinued.

The western gable and some of the eastern portions of the Dominican friary, at the north end of the town, still remain. The chancel of the collegiate church of St. Mary, now in ruins, affords a good specimen of its former magnificence; the east window of six lights is richly embellished with flowing tracery; on the north side of the altar is a canopied niche with crocketed finials of elegant design, in which was formerly a tomb, now removed, but there is still remaining the inscription, "Hic jacet Thomas Fleming:" on the south side of the altar is another ancient tomb. On the south side is a chapel, formerly called the chantry of our Blessed Saviour, which was purchased from the corporation by the first Earl of Cork, and contains the remains of that nobleman and of several of his family, to whose memory is a handsome altar-tomb, bearing his effigy recumbent under a splendid arch, with those of his two wives kneeling; on either side, and around, are the effigies of his children: over the monument is a large mural tablet of black marble, with the genealogy of the family; there is also the monument of the founder of the chapel, which having been defaced in the Desmond rebellion was restored by the Earl; and a splendid monument of white marble to the memory of Lord Broghill. The south transept or chapel, now

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used as a vestry, contains some ancient monuments, among which is one to the Uniacke family, with a cross fleury and inscription, both in relief, but much injured by exposure to the damp; it bears the date 1557. At the west entrance into the church are two monuments found, a few years since, in digging the foundations of the new buildings on the site of the ancient Franciscan monastery at the south end of the town, one bearing a male and the other a female effigy, supposed to be husband and wife, with an inscription in Norman French nearly obliterated: on the north side of the altar is a very chaste and beautiful monument of white marble, to the family of Smith, of Ballinatra. In the churchyard, which is one of the most spacious in the kingdom, are also many curious ancient monuments deserving of notice. Of the ancient walls little remains excepting on the western side of the town, where they are tolerably perfect, and one of the old round towers is remaining. The gates have all been removed, except the Water gate leading out to the quay, which is extremely dilapidated; and the Dock-gate, which has been recently rebuilt. In the north main street is Tynte's castle, which is in the style of those erected in the reign of Elizabeth; it was built by a powerful family of that name, from one of whom Smith relates that the Lord-President was obliged to seize £4000 for the supply of his army. At the north-eastern extremity of the parish, near the river Toragh, are the remains of the castle of Kilnatoragh, a noble structure formerly belonging to the great Earl of Desmond. Several of the ancient houses are still remaining in the town, some of them having the staircases in the walls, which are of extraordinary thickness: among them is one said to have been that of Coppinger, the mayor who was hanged before his own door, and also one in which Cromwell took up his residence during his stay here. A great quantity of silver coins was found here in 1830; the number could not be ascertained, but more than 400 oz. were sold as old silver in Cork; they were mostly pence and half groats of Edw. I., and also some halfpennies of the same reign. In 1818, several pieces of stamped pewter of the size of half-crowns and shillings were found near the walls, which had evidently been made and passed as money. Many remains of crosses, croziers, and other ornaments worn by the monks and friars have been found. On the old Cork road, near Mary Ville, the residence of Mr. Taylor, are the remains of an ancient Danish fort, which runs under ground nearly a mile. There are two chalybeate springs, one on the Spa road near the fever hospital, and the other at the quarry near the Waterford road, which are but seldom used. The Earl of Cork and Orrery, among his inferior titles in the peerage of Ireland, enjoys that of Baron Boyle, of Youghal.”

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5 BASELINE DATA

5.1 Register of Monuments and Places

The RMP is a database recording all archaeological sites in Ireland known to the National Monuments Service established under Section 12 of the 1994 National Monuments (Amendment) Act. It is based on Ordnance Survey 6” sheets, which indicate the location of each monument or place of archaeological interest. For each, a file contains further documentary and photographic data or information relating to an archaeological event such as a site visit, survey or excavation. These are housed in the National Monuments Services in Dublin. The record is constantly updated and focuses on monuments that pre- date 1700.

The Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) for Co. Waterford has no listing of any recorded monuments on the eastern side of the estuary within 1 km. of the proposed development. The RMP for Co. Cork lists a total of 27 recorded monuments within 1 km of the proposed development (Figures 4 and 5). None are to be impacted by the outfall construction works. The monuments, their location and classification, distance to the development and predicted impact are tabulated below:

RMP No.: Townland: Classification: Distance to Predicted Development: Impact: CO:067:028001 Youghal Lands Religious House < 1 km None CO:067:028002-007 Youghal Lands Architectural < 1 km None Fragments CO:067:029001 Youghal Lands Historic Town < 1 km None CO:067:029002 Youghal Lands Town Defences < 1 km None CO:067:029006 Youghal Lands College < 1 km None CO:067:029007 Youghal Lands Alms House < 1 km None CO:067:029008 Youghal Lands Castle – Tower < 1 km None House CO:067:029010 Youghal Lands Religious House – < 1 km None Benedictine Monks CO:067:029012 Youghal Lands Town Defences < 1 km None CO:067:029013 Youghal Lands Mansion House < 1 km None CO:067:029014 Youghal Lands Court House < 1 km None CO:067:030001 Youghal Lands Graveyard < 1 km None CO:067:030002 Youghal Lands Religious House < 1 km None CO:067:031 Youghal Lands Gasworks < 1 km None

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CO:067:045 Youghal Lands Court House < 1 km None CO:067:046 Youghal Lands Meeting House < 1 km None CO:067:047 Youghal Lands House - 16th/17th < 1 km None Century possible CO:067:048 Youghal Lands House 16th/17th < 1 km None Century CO:067:058 Youghal Lands Battlefield possible < 1 km None CO:067:061 Youghal Lands Church < 1 km None CO:067:062 Youghal Lands Market House < 1 km None CO:067:063 Youghal Lands Market Cross < 1 km None CO:067:064 Youghal Lands Castle – Tower < 1 km None House CO:067:065 Youghal Lands Mill < 1 km None CO:067:067 Youghal Lands Market House < 1 km None CO:067:068 Youghal Lands School < 1 km None CO:067:069 Youghal Lands Graveyard < 1 km None

Table 2. Table of RMP sites within 1 km of subject site and predicted impact

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Figure 4. Extract from County Cork RMP Map CO67 showing development areas in red

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Figure 5. Extract from RMP Map for Cork with a 1 km buffer around area of proposed development. Source Ordnance Survey Ireland (2006)

The proposed development is not anticipated to have any forseeable potential environmental or archaeological impacts on these recorded monuments.

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5.2 Topographical Files of the National Museum of Ireland

The Topographical Files of the National Museum of Ireland record a number of artefacts as having been recovered from Youghal and its immediate surroundings. These are detailed below:

Townland: Youghal Parish: Imokilly. Garden of Myrtle Grove Finds: Bronze mould Description: “Correspondence, found in the grounds of Myrtle House, A jetton mould, believed to be later med. centuries that is 16th and 17th centuries”. From Commander B.K.C Arbuthnot, found the item.

Townland: Youghal Find No: E 153:1, 1976 Parish: Kilcahan Finds: Various excavated finds by Ms. Sheila Lane Description: “13th century wall towers, half moon tower, Montmorenci Tower 13th wall had a crenallated parapet 1.50m high above the surface of the wall walk, 13th Half Moon Tower survived from ground level. Tower was circular, its interior was filled solid probably platform tower built against town wall. Montmorenci Tower stands in the ground of a modern house of the same name excavations revealed the bottom of a 13th century tower”.

Townland: Youghal Find No: E 153:1, 1976 Parish: Kilcahan Finds: Various excavated finds by Ms. Sheila Lane Description: “13th century wall towers, half moon”.

Townland: Youghal Parish: Imokilly Finds: Spindle Whorl Description: “Sandstone, flat cross section with rounded edges, glass perforated.”

Townland: Near Youghal Find No: 1935: 169 Parish: Imokilly

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Finds: Copper axehead Description: “Large and heavy copper axe. Local found in a potato field, flat on one side, Rectangular cross-section, 173cm long, 11cm wide at the cutting edge.”

Townland: Youghal Description: “Stone bearing 9 concentric circles enclosing a hollow from which extends a channel and other marks on Ponsonby Estate in neighbourhood of Youghal. JRSAI Vol 17 p603- 4. W. F. Wakeman, 26 cups of different sizes, 26 inches in length, 33inches in width.”

Townland: Youghal Description: “Stone bearing cup and circle marks.” JRSAI Vol 17, p604

Townland: Youghal Description: Dom. Friary, Nat Monument JRSAI, Vol.3,p333-6 JRSAI, Vol 4, p287.362 Sculpture stone found at Dom. Friary JRSAI Vol 4 p.287 “Found lump of light freestone 3ft. in length, lying at e. end of ruins several frames of sculpture of mail and plate armour multilateral remains of the trunk of a statue, date 16th century. Correspondence revealed that the stump was not 16th century but 14th century J. Hewitt’s in the ‘Chart of Ancient Armour from 11th-16th century’ 12th century-scale, ring and mail 13th century mixed mail and plate, mail predominates 14th century mixed mail and plate, plate prevailing thus, stump much earlier in origin than was first thought.”

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5.3 Previous archaeological fieldwork in the area

A search of the Excavations Bulletin (1970-2005) has revealed that a considerable amount of archaeological excavation and survey has been carried out in the town of Youghal. In total, 41 programmes of archaeological fieldwork have been recorded as having been previously undertaken in the area. A large number of these (14) have been carried out on Main Street, with an additional 6 having been carried out on Ashe Street. Only one programme of underwater survey has been recorded for the town and this was carried out by Aisling Collins at Allins Quay in 2005. (see below for details)

Cork, 95E82, 1995:040

Seafield, Youghal

Environs of historic town

X096768

SMR 67:49

“The site is located within the environs of St Coran's Well. The trial-trenches, opened in advance of development, uncovered some stone-filled drains of probable modern origin. No other archaeological finds or features were uncovered.”

Rose M. Cleary, Dept. of Archaeology, University College, Cork.

Cork, 02E0698, 2002:0374

Seafield, Youghal

Post-medieval urban

209480 077990

SMR 67:25, 67:49

“An assessment was made of the damage caused by unmonitored topsoil-stripping on the site of a twenty-house development in the townland of Seafield, within the zone of archaeological potential of Youghal. After visual inspection, it was recommended that further works be monitored. The Urban Archaeological Survey identified Seafield as the likely location of two sites of ecclesiastical association, a church to the north of the development site and another church, with related holy well, to the south- west.

An area of potential archaeological activity measuring c. 20m east–west by 10m was uncovered at the east of the site. A concentration of mainly charcoal-rich features was exposed along the base of what

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appeared to be a natural break in slope. The extents of some of these features were masked by two large spoil heaps, created during the unmonitored topsoil removal on-site.

Feature 1 was an L-shaped, light grey/brown, compact, silty clay deposit, averaging 0.7m wide. One sherd of post-medieval pottery was retrieved during the cleaning of this feature. Features 2–8 were linear, irregularly shaped, charcoal-rich deposits that overlay Feature 9. Feature 9 was a linear, dark grey/brown, firm, silty clay deposit. It averaged 3m wide and extended toward the north-western corner of the development site, where it eventually disappeared beneath another spoil heap. Owing to the retrieval of a post-medieval pottery sherd and clay-pipe stems from this probable ditch feature, it can be tentatively assumed to be of post-medieval date. Consequently, the features that overlay it are of a similar or later date and may be associated with scrub burning.

It is unclear from cartographic sources whether the ditch feature is a continuation of a boundary ditch identifiable to the west of the 18th-century Seafield House, to the north. The ditch, though oriented north–south for the most part, appeared to curve to the south-east, away from the projected line of the ditch encountered during this stage of monitoring.

Because of the probable post-medieval date of the ditch, work proceeded without further investigation, apart from monitoring of the remaining topsoil-stripping.”

Daniel Noonan, Ringwood, Summerfield, Youghal, Co. Cork, for Eachtra Archaeological Projects.

Cork, 03E0703, 2003:358

Seafield, Youghal

Prehistoric activity

27687 00975

“Test excavation was undertaken at a proposed development site located c. 300m south-east of the zone of archaeological potential for the medieval town of Youghal. There are four archaeological monuments within a 100m radius of the site. There is a possible standing stone located in the south- west of the area of proposed development, but this is not a recorded archaeological monument.

Twelve trenches were excavated in a random spread across the site. Two small sub circular features were identified in Trench 9. Struck flint was recovered from the northernmost of the two spreads. No further features of archaeological significance were observed during the course of the test excavation.”

Colm Moloney, Headland Archaeology Ltd, Unit 4b, Europa Enterprise Park, Midleton, Co. Cork.

Cork, 05D096, 2005:294

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Allins Quay, Youghal

No archaeological significance

“An underwater archaeological inspection was carried out for the proposed marina site at Allins Quay, Youghal, Co. Cork. A non-disturbance visual inspection was carried out and a full metal-detection survey was completed. Visibility was c. 1m. The visibility allowed the diver to swim slightly raised off the seabed and observe within his field of vision. A circular search was the method used. The diver was connected by a lifeline to his attendant on the surface (at a fixed point on Allins Quay). The taut lifeline was used as a radius. On completion of the first circle he moved out a similar distance along the quay wall and carried out another circular search in the opposite direction. This procedure was carried out, shortening the lifeline in each case, thus reducing the circle.

No archaeological features were visible on the surface of the seabed, except at the base of the quay wall, where a number of roughly worked stones (possibly flags) were noted protruding from the littoral sediment. The metal detection failed to reveal any possible ferrous archaeological finds. A number of metal finds were identified but on retrieval and further inspection they proved to be modern debris.”

Aisling Collins, CRDS Ltd, Unit 4, Dundrum Business Park, Dundrum, Dublin 14.

5.4 Place-name evidence

The name "Youghal" derives from the old Irish "Eochaill" - meaning "Yew wood".

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5.5 Historic Maps

5.5.1 First Edition Ordnance Survey, 1845

Figure 6. Extract from First Edition Ordnance Survey, 1845

This map depicts the Ferry Point site as being very similar to how it is today. It is bounded to the west by Pier Head, Harvey’s Dock, Sir Richards Quay, Green’s Dock and Green’s Quay. The map depicts two slipways at Greens Quay, only one of these is present today. Large warehouses can be seen on the southern end of Green’s Quay, these are still extant and have recently been renovated.

The site of the second potential outfall at Dunnes Park, is depicted as being located close to the centre of the harbour. This area was reclaimed in the late 19th century. This map does not record the presence of any previously unrecorded cultural heritage.

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5.5.2 Second Edition Ordnance Survey, 1902

Figure 7. Second Edition Ordnance Survey, 1902

This map has less detail than the previous edition. It does not record the presence of any previously unrecorded cultural heritage.

5.6 Aerial Image

This aerial image of the subject sites shows the existing Dunnes Park outfall as being visible below the surface of the water. It depicts the shoreline rock armour surrounding the existing pipe as well as some overburden rocks. In the Ferry Point area, the image shows a number of vessels as being moored in Green’s Dock and on moorings to the east of Green’s Quay.

The aerial image does not show any topographical or submarine anomalies which may be indicative of the presence of previously unrecorded cultural heritage features or deposits.

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Plate 1. Aerial image of site taken in 2005 with survey area highlighted

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5.7 Record of Protected Structures

The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage for East Cork records a large number of Record of Protected Structures (RPS) for the town of Youghal. Only three are in the vicinity of the proposed development and only one (Youghal Seawall Reg. No. 20823004) has the potential to be impacted by the proposed development works:

Structure: Green's Quay, Store Street, Youghal, East Cork

Reg. No. 20823079

Date: 1900 - 1920

Previous Name: N/A

Townland: YOUGHAL-LANDS

County: East Cork

Coordinates: 210572, 78062

Categories of Special Interest: ARCHITECTURAL

Rating: Regional

Original Use: house

In Use As: house

Description: Detached three-bay single-storey house, built c. 1910, with extension to rear. Pitched slate roof with rendered chimneystacks and cast-iron rainwater goods. Rendered walls. Square-headed openings having two-over-two pane timber sliding sash window and painted stone sills. Square-headed opening with overlight and timber battened door.

Appraisal: A delightfully well-preserved example of a modest dwelling, built in the early twentieth century. The timber joinery, slate roof and rendered walls add textural interest and historic character to the building and to the streetscape.

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Plate 2. Facade of RPS 20823079

Plate 3. Facade and background of RPS 20823079

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Structure: Pier Head, Pier Head, Market Dock, Market Square, Youghal

Reg. No.: 20823150

Date: 1790 - 1810

Previous Name: N/A

Townland: YOUGHAL-LANDS

County: East Cork

Coordinates: 210652, 77903

Categories of Special Interest: ARCHITECTURAL SOCIAL

Rating: Regional

Original Use: quay/wharf

In Use As: quay/wharf

Description: U-plan rubble stone built quay and pier with flagstone and concrete paving to top, built c. 1800.

Appraisal: This pier and quay from part of a group of related maritime structures within Youghal and nearby, such as the former lifeboat station and other quays. They are of an impressively solid appearance and display well executed construction. They form an integral part of Youghal's history and heritage and of their surrounding environment.

Plate 4. Youghal Pier Head RPS 20823150

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Structure: Seawall, Youghal, East Cork

Reg. No. 20823004

Date: 1840 - 1850

Previous Name: N/A

Townland: YOUGHAL-LANDS

County: East Cork

Coordinates: 210358, 78612

Categories of Special Interest: HISTORICAL SOCIAL TECHNICAL

Rating: Regional

Original Use: gates/railings/walls

In Use As: gates/railings/walls

Description: Rubble limestone walls, built c. 1845, dividing slob lands.

Appraisal: This famine wall is a physical reminder of relief strategies such as the Work Schemes - usually run by church groups or landlords - whose function was to provide employment for local communities at the time of the potato famine. This well- preserved wall provides important historical and social context to the town of Youghal.

Plate 5. Seawall RPS 20823004 looking North from Dunnes Park Outfall

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Plate 6. Seawall south of 20823004 Youghal Town

Plate 7. Detail of RPS 20823004 seawall

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5.8 Ports and Harbours Archive

The Ports and Harbours Archive for Youghal contained the following references:

Site Name: Youghal Site Type Harbour Date Medieval

In 1588 Youghal was described as ‘a Haven toune walled’. Hogan 1878 p.170

‘Youghall- no large town indeed, but encompassed with walls of an oblong form. With commodious harbour, with a key fortified’ (Camden). Hogan 1878 p.171

“The Pacata Hibernia contains an illustration of Youghal town. At the west seaward end of the town the map depicts an enclosed harbour with a vessel moored inside, a second at anchor outside the entrance to the harbour. The harbour has 2 enclosing walls, which are fortified. There appears to be quay areas running the length of the walls. Two towers protect the entrance. Entry from the landward side is by a large Watergate built in the town walls.”

“Youghal Harbour is from the east point, to the opposite west shore about 2 miles over which is the extent of the bar, forming an arch of hard sand, the hollow wherofis to the town, the west end of which is at Claycastle, and the other at the east point; this last side ships commonly keep, because of some rocks a little without the bar, on the west shore called the barrels. The middle of the bar has about 5 feet at low water, on the east shore near 7, and the same on the west, so that no laden ship can pass till the flood is considerably made.” Smith 1815 p.288

“Although it is only a branch of the port of Cork, and its tonnage and customs duties included therein, it is a place of respectable trade, in 1835 its exports, consisting of grain, flour, bacon, lard, butter, cattle and salmon, with which the Blackwater abounds, were estimated at £215,316; Its imports, foreign, were timber, and from GB, coal, colonial produce, and Brit Manufactured articles, valued at £28, 310”. Mannion 184, p. 547

Updated Youghal Custom House- Drawing OPW Custom House (Drawings) OPW5HC/4 Ref. NO. 766.

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5.9 National Shipwreck Inventory

The National Shipwreck Inventory has a number of records for the area surrounding Youghal and Youghal harbour. These are detailed below: One of the most significant of these was the Duncannon, which was lost in July 1645 during the confederate wars. Lord Castlehaven erected two batteries on the E side of the harbour and one at south Abbey. A shot fired from the ferry point sank the Duncannon. Ferry point is the site of one of the proposed development areas. Others were lost at Youghal bar and Youghal harbour as well as one incident in 1808 when a vessel sank after the regular ferry refused to travel due to bad weather.

Site Name: Ann and Elizabeth Date of Loss: 27 Nov 1835 Place of Loss: at Youghal Description: This 86 ton vessel of Falmouth was en route from Newport to Youghal when she was wrecked. CSP 1852-3 Vol. LXI, 146-7

Site Name: Anetta/ Annette Date of Loss: 17 Dec 1905 Place of Loss: Youghal Bar, opposite the railway station Description: This two masted schooner of Dungarvan was built in Bideford in 1849 and weighed 74 tons. Her official number was 13, 985 and the master was M Kirby of Dungarvan. She was en route from Newport to Youghal with 4 crew, 1 passenger and a cargo of coal when she encountered a SSE force 8 gale. She struck the bar and drifted ashore. The captain M Kirby and a crewman, Jackie Smith of Youghal were lost, three others were saved in perilous conditions by a lifeboat. Another report says Kirby and 3 men were rescued from the rigging. Bourke 1994, 98. CSP 1907 Vol. L Shipping Casualties, 122. Young, J 56-58.

Site Name: Anne & Elizabeth Date of Loss: 1835 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This 86 ton vessel of Falmouth was lost. Bourke 1998, 103.

Site Name: Annie Date of Loss: 25 Nov 1860

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Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This 151 ton brig with a cargo of porter and peas was stranded and became a total wreck. The crew of 6 were lost. Bourke 1994, 99. CSP 1861 Vol LVIII 395- 98

Site Name: Avonmore Date of Loss: 2 Oct 1833 Place of Loss: at Youghal Description: This 86 ton vessel was en route from Youghal to Liverpool when she was stranded. CSP 1836 Vol XVII, Appendix No. 7, 304

Site Name: Ballinbreach Castle Date of Loss: 12 Sept 1919 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This 111 ton schooner was built by Wallace at Perth in 1879. The owner was JN. Clemlow of Padstow, Cornwall. She was under command of Capt, C Tucker when she floundered. Bourke 1998, 102.

Site Name: Brilliant Date of Loss: 1/6 Dec 1825 Place of Loss: Youghal Strand Description: This vessel of Castlehaven was en route from Ross to Cork when she was totally wrecked. Bourke 1998, 102.

Site Name: Brittania Date of Loss: 1/6 Dec 1825 Place of Loss: near Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Galway to London when she was totally wrecked. The master survived. Bourke 1998, 105.

Site Name: Confidence Date of Loss: 24/25 Dec 1878 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This 41 year old brig or schooner of Cardigan weighed 120 tons was en route from Swansea to New Ross with a cargo of coal. A faulty compass caused her to mistake Youghal for Waterford and she became stranded and totally

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wrecked in a SE force 7. The crew survived. Bourke 1994, 98.

Site Name: Dart Date of Loss: 24 Dec 1851 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This Exeter vessel was en route from Llanneli to Youghal when she struck the bar and sprang a leak. CSP 1852-3, Vol XLIX, 286-87

Site Name: Duncannon Date of Loss: July 1645 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This frigate was sunk during confederate wars. Lond Castlehaven took castles on the Blackwater and on 29/06/1645 arrived before Youghal with 8000 men. Two batteries were erected on the E side of the harbour and one at south Abbey. A shot fired from the ferry point sank the Duncannon. The events are described in a letter from Sir Percy Smyth to his brother Sir Philip Percival. Bourke 1994, 98. Historical Manuscripts Commission Report, 74-5, 1905, Egmont Mss. 1, 20.

Site Name: Eaglett Date of Loss: Dec 1895 Place of Loss: off Youghal Description: Wreckage from this Chester vessel was washed ashore at Youghal Hacket, M . 20

Site Name: Eliza & Anne Date of Loss: 26 Nov 1833 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Quebec, in ballast, when she was wrecked in a gale. Capt Wright and the crew survived. Bourke 1994, 99. Wigham 1979, 46- 50.

Site Name: Eliza Anne Date of Loss: 15 Oct 1815 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Cork to Youghal under Douglas when she went ashore and went to pieces. Bourke 1998, 102.

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Site Name: Erin Date of Loss: 3 April 1874 Place of Loss: Youghal Bay Description: This 4 year old hugger weighed 4 tons. She was fishing out of Youghal in ballast when she capsized. One life was lost. Bourke 1994, 99.

Site Name: Erin go Bragh Date of Loss: 28 Sept 1885 Place of Loss: off Youghal Description: This wooden hooker of Cork weighed 24 tons. She was fishing out of Youghal in ballast when she collided with the brigantine George of Irvine in a SSW force 6. No lives were lost. CSP 1887. Vol. LXXIV, Collisions, 143

Site Name: Etna Date of Loss: 31 March 1849 Place of Loss: Youghal Harbour Description: This vessel was en route from Liverpool to Palermo when she was lost. Bourke 1994, 101.

Site Name: Favourite Cummins/ Favourite Date of Loss: 1 Sept 1824 Place of Loss: Harbour Description: This vessel was en route from Waterford to Cork when she went ashore and was expected to be wrecked. Some of the cargo was saved. Bourke 1998, 102.

Site Name: Forester Date of Loss: 16 March 1844 Place of Loss: within the bar at Youghal Description: This Kinsale schooner carrying coal from Newport was wrecked. No lives were lost. Bourke 1994, 99.

Site Name: Francois Xavier Date of Loss: 9 Dec 1856 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This 78 ton brig carrying a general cargo was stranded and partially wrecked. 2 of the 8 aboard were lost.CSP, 1861. V LXIII, 37/E4.

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Site Name: Friendship Date of Loss: 13 March 1806 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel of Greenock was under the command of Curee when she was wrecked. The crew and some of the cargo was saved. Bourke 1998, 102.

Site Name: Galethea Date of Loss: 10 Feb 1858 Place of Loss: bar at Youghal Description: This Norwegian barque was built in 1853 was en route from Callao to Queenstown with 650 tons guano when she was driven ashore and wrecked on the bar. 16 crew saved. Bourke 1994, 98-99.

Site Name: Grace Date of Loss: 8 Feb 1811 Place of Loss: near Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Dublin to Barbados under Sibon when she was driven ashore. Bourke 1998, 103.

Site Name: Hero Date of Loss: 7 March 1855 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This 69 ton schooner with a cargo of Culm was stranded and totally wrecked. All 6 onboard were lost. LL no. 5776, 11 Feb 1823

Site Name: Hope Date of Loss: 22/27 Dec 1787 Place of Loss: near Youghal Harbour Description: This Waterford brig was en route from Waterford to London under T. Walsh with provisions when she was stranded in severe gales and went to pieces. The cargo was saved. Bourke 1994, 98. Bourke 1998, 103. Dublin Chronicle 3- 5 Jan, 1788

Site Name: Jane Date of Loss: 11 Dec 1812 Place of Loss: near Youghal

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Description: This Scouse vessel was en route from Africa to Liverpool under Young when she was lost. Bourke 1998, 103. LL. no 4727, 11 Dec. 1812

Site Name: John Munro Date of Loss: 18 Jan 1875 Place of Loss: Clerys Bank Youghal Description: This 27 year old wooden schooner of Youghal weighed 113 tons. She was en route from Cardiff to Cork under Mc Carthy with 5 crew and a cargo of coal when she was stranded in a SW force 6. Bourke 1994, 101.

Site Name: Lontra Date of Loss: 2 Feb 1854 Place of Loss: off Youghal Description: This brigantine of Lisbon was en route from Youghal to Cork with a cargo of Indian corn. Having left Youghal she became stranded and 3 feet of water was found in the hold. She had to discharge but the cargo was damager. CSP 1854-55, V XXXIV, Copy of the Admirality of Wrecks, 32-33.

Site Name: Lord Nelson Date of Loss: 14 March 1833 Place of Loss: at Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Youghal to Glouster when she was wrecked. CSP, 1836, V XVII, Appendix No. 7, 300. . Site Name: Medora Date of Loss: 1840 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This British brig was wrecked. Bourke 1994, 98.

Site Name: Mercury Date of Loss: 2 April 1762 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Jamaica to Bristol when she was lost. The captain and mate were lost.Bourke 1998, 102. LL no. 2736, 2 April 1762.

Site Name: Mermaid Date of Loss: 1828/29

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Place of Loss: in Youghal Bay Description: This vessel of Newport weighed 78 ton. She was 30 years old when she was wrecked. Bourke 1998, 103. CSP, 1836, Vol XVII, Appendix No. 8, 333

Site Name: Mervin Date of Loss: 22 Nov/ 1 Dec 1807 Place of Loss: Youghal Harbour Description: This vessel was en route from Bristol to Cork or Surinam under Capt. Joshua James with a cargo of bricks and lime when she was driven ashore. One crew member lost. O’ Mahony & Cadogan, 1998, 25. LL no. 4208, 1 Dec 1807.

Site Name: Milford Packet Date of Loss: 21 Feb 1838 Place of Loss: Youghal Bar Description: This packet vessel was en route from Milford to Waterford when she was wrecked. Bourke 1994, 99.

Site Name: Mora Date of Loss: 13 Jan 1891 Place of Loss: Youghal Bay Description: This 27 year old wooden dandy weighed 26 tons was en route from Youghal to Queenstown with a cargo of bricks when she was wrecked. CSP 1892 Vol LXXI 132.

Site Name: Nameless Date of Loss: 7 Feb 1897 Place of Loss: east entrance to Youghal Description: This 143 ton brig was carrying coal and iron from Cardiff to Youghal. Bourke 1994, 101.

Site Name: Neptune Date of Loss: 18 Feb 1794 Place of Loss: near Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Cork to Liverpool when she went ashore and was lost. The captain and mate were lost. LL no. 2587, 18 Feb 1794.

Site Name: New Thompson

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Date of Loss: Dec 1801 Place of Loss: Youghal Harbour Sand bar Description: This sloop was en route from Dungarvan to Youghal when she struck sand, lost her rudder and drifted ashore. She sank and the 4 crew took refuge on her masthead, 3 being rescued. It was hoped the hull would be salvaged. O Mahony & Cadogan 1988, 25

Site Name: New Thompson Date of Loss: 23 Nov/ 1 Dec 1815 Place of Loss: Youghal Bay Description: This vessel was en route from Liverpool to with a cargo of coal when she went ashore and feared lost. She sank and the 4 crew took refuge on her masthead, 3 being rescued. It was hoped the hull would be salvaged. Bourke 1998, 102. LL no 5027, 1 Dec 1815

Site Name: Ofwego/ Oswego Date of Loss: 8 Dec 1758 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Bristol to New York when she was lost. Part of the cargo was saved. Bourke 1994, 99. LL no 2391, 8 Dec 1758

Site Name: Ohio Date of Loss: 7 Jan 1853 Place of Loss: Youghal Bar Description: This 248 ton brig was en route from Trieste to Queenstown with 9 crew and a cargo of Indian corn when she encountered a SE force 9, struck the bar and was damaged. She had to discharge. CSP, 1854 Vol XLII Copy “of Admirality Register of Wrecks”, 4-5

Site Name: Orleans Date of Loss: 13 Feb 1881 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This schooner was en route from Sydney to Cork when she went to pieces. The crew was saved. Bourke 1994, 98

Site Name: Otacilius Date of Loss: 9 March 1897

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Place of Loss: east side of Youghal Harbour Entrance Description: This 24 y/o wooden brig weighed 232 tons was en route from Newport to Youghal with 6 crew and a cargo of coal. CSP 1898, Vol LXXXIII, 141

Site Name: Philadelphia Date of Loss: 29 Dec 1772 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Philadelphia under Malcombe when she became stranded. The cargo was saved. LL no 3837, 29 Dec 1772

Site Name: Polly Date of Loss: 14 Feb 1775 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Newfoundland to Waterford when she was lost. Bourke 1998, 103. NLL no 615, 14 Feb 1775

Site Name: Queen of Naples Date of Loss: 14 March 1797 Place of Loss: Youghal Bay Description: This vessel was en route from Liverpool to Lisbon when she was lost. Bourke 1998, 102. LL no 2906, 14 March 1797

Site Name: Rose in June Date of Loss: Jan/ 19 Feb 1799 Place of Loss: Youghal Bay Description: This sloop of Cardigan was en route from Newry to London under Evans when she was wrecked. 3 crew drowned. The bodies were recovered and buried in St Marys Churchyard. Bourke 1998, 103.

Site Name: Speculator Date of Loss: 24 Dec 1848 Place of Loss: near Youghal Description: This 271 ton vessel of Swansea was lost but the crew survived. Bourke 1994, 101.

Site Name: Speedwell Date of Loss: 16 Feb 1749

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Place of Loss: near Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Dublin to Bordeaux under Duff when she lost her topmasts and rudder. The men took to the boat but it floundered leaving only one man alive. The Speedwell did not come ashore. Bourke 1998, 102. LL no 1484, 16 Feb 1749

Site Name: Swallow Date of Loss: 10 Feb 1809 Place of Loss: Youghal Bay Description: This vessel was en route from Newfoundland to Ross under Ryan when she went ashore. Bourke 1998, 102. LL no 4326, 10 Feb 1809

Site Name: Thor Date of Loss: prior to 1873-1890 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This wreck of this vessel was worked upon by the diving firm Alfred Gann & Co. of Whistable between 1873 and 1890 with some cargo recovered. Bourke 1998, 103.

Site Name: Thurlinga Date of Loss: 11 Nov 1917 Place of Loss: off Youghal Description: This 297 trawler on hire to the Admiralty blew up, presumably by a torpedo. Bourke 1994, 99. Bourke 1998, 102.

Site Name: Warren Date of Loss: 21 Sept 1787 Place of Loss: Youghal Harbour Description: This vessel was en route from Anguilla to Lancaster when she hit Youghal Bar, went ashore and feared lost. NLL no 1920, 28 Sept 1787

Site Name: William & Margaret Date of Loss: 17 Jan 1786 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was en route from Dungarvan to Liverpool under Power when she was lost. Bourke 1998, 102. NLL no 1743, 1 17 Jan 1786

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Site Name: Winst Furlost Date of Loss: 1766 Place of Loss: near Youghal Description: This Stockholm vessel stranded near Youghal. Bourke 1994, 99. O Mahony & Cadogan 1988, 27.

Site Name: Unknown Date of Loss: 31 Jan 1777 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: Capt Short of the Jackson reported the loss of a Bristol sloop. Bourke 1998, 99, 103.

Site Name: Unknown Date of Loss: 11 Feb/ March 1788 Place of Loss: Youghal Description: This vessel was owned by Redmond Fitzgerald of Ring was carrying corn when she sank in heavy sea. Mr Fitzgerald, his wife, sister and 12 crewmen were lost. Dublin Chronicle, 21-23 Feb 1788. O Mahony & Cadogan 1988, 27

Site Name: Unknown Date of Loss: Jan 1808 Place of Loss: Youghal Harbour Description: 20 lives lost when a private boat hired to cross from Youghal to Waterford sank in bad weather, the normal ferry had refused to travel. Dublin Chronicle, 21-23 Feb 1788, O Mahony & Cadogan 1988, 29

Site Name: Unknown Date of Loss: Jan 1808 Place of Loss: Youghal Harbour Description: 20 lives lost when a private boat hired to cross from Youghal to Waterford sank in bad weather, the normal ferry had refused to travel. Dublin Chronicle, 21-23 Feb 1788. O Mahony & Cadogan 1988, 29.

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6 ARCHAEO-GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY

6.1 Survey Methodology and Equipment

Irish Hydrodata was commissioned by Atkins, Consulting Engineers, Ireland to carry out an archaeo- geophysical survey of the two proposed development sites. The techniques used were side scan sonar and marine magnetometer.

The side scan sonar system used was a Klein 3900 High Frequency side scan sonar system. For the purposes of this survey, it operated at a frequency of 445 kHz and a swath width of 40m. During the survey, individual raw XTF files were recorded for each track line, with layback and lag included. These corrected files were then forwarded to Moore Marine for interpretation.

The magnetometer system used was a Marine Magnetics Explorer magnetometer. The magnetometer data was not collected at the same time as the side scan sonar data and so both surveys have different navigation plots. During the magnetometer survey, the acquired data was processed through the Hypack data acquisition software. The subsequently produced data was exported as an XYZ file with the magnetic signal forming the Z component.

Geo-referencing was provided by a Trimble N2000 DGPS.

6.2 Data Processing and Analysis

6.2.2 Side Scan Sonar

SonarWiz.MAP 4 from Chesapeake Technology software was used to process the XTF format SSS data provided by Irish Hydrodata. It is an industry standard software which utilises both waterfall and mosaic views to produce a coherent picture of the seabed. The main body of the sonar data was acquired at a frequency of 445 kHz. This meant that feature resolution was consistently sharp, although choppy water conditions did provide some poorly ensonified areas.

6.2.3 Magnetometer

Magnetometry survey data provided by Irish Hydrodata was interpreted by Moore Marine Services using the industry standard Hypack software. This is one of the most widely used hydrographic surveying packages in the world and provides the capacity for data acquisition, processing and display. HYPACK allows easy conversion to Microstation DGN and DXF-capable CAD packages as well as export of projection grids, soundings, track lines, planned lines and targets in either CAD or GIS format.

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The magentometry data was provided in XYZ ASCII format. This was then imported into Hypack and displayed using 2D and 3D TIN models and a 3D terrain viewer. The 3D terrain viewer allowed for 360° ‘flybys’ of individual features across the site. Further analysis was undertaken whereby the Z axis was increased by 5%, 15% and 25% in the 3D viewer. This enabled seabed features to be exaggerated, identified and then examined in detail.

7. RESULTS OF GEOPHYSICAL SURVEY

7.2 Dunnes Park Survey

For the purpose of this report, all side scan sonar anomalies recorded in the area surrounding the existing Dunnes Park outfall as referenced with D.P. (Dunnes Park) and all magentometry contacts are referenced as D.P. Mag.

The side scan sonar survey of this Dunnes Park area indicated that site of the proposed development contained only one possible cultural heritage anomaly. This feature, recorded as D.P. 1 was identified as a probable anchor and buoy (Appendix 7, plate 8). The definite linear nature to the 4m long portion of this anomaly indicated that this was probably a record of the mooring trailing rope. Notwithstanding this, the feature does warrant investigation. Its location is ING X) 579,118.33 (Y) 5,757,052.28 and/or Lat long 51° 57.51197' N, 007° 50.91394' W (WGS84).

The side scan data indicated that the development area had an existing outfall travelling to a terminus 40 m from the shore. Close to shore, it had considerable stone coverage but this dissipated as the pipeline travelled from the shore. The existing pipeline was bounded on the western side by Youghal Seawall (RPS no. 20823004). This 1848-52 built structure descended to the seabed and had a considerable quantity of loose stones at its base. Further west, the stones coverage dissipated, leaving a flat seabed.

The sonar recorded identified a number of additional possible cultural heritage features both to the north and east of the proposed development site. These appeared to range from anomalous seafloor mounds and hollows to cluster anomalies on the seafloor and lengths of pipe (more detailed description in Appendix 5). During the site visit, a number of these anomalies were visually confirmed as being modern. Most noticeable was anomaly DP. 2 which was confirmed as a length of concrete pipe (plate 25).

The remaining anomalies (D.P. 8, 7, 6, 4 &3), although outside the immediate development zone, should be investigated as they may experience secondary impact from development works.

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Plate 8. Single side scan sonar anomaly recorded at Dunnes Park

The magnetometer survey at Dunnes Park recorded only one magnetic anomaly in the development zone (Figure 8, Appendix 9). Analysis of side scan sonar data for this area does not show any obvious visible anomalies in the area. The single anomaly is recorded as a positive magnetic feature almost 1,000 nT greater than the background (49,000 nT as compared to the background 48,000 nT).

Description of Magnetometer Anomaly: D.P.Mag. 1. 1000 nT Positive signature Location: 51° 57 30.4040 N 07° 5051.72630 W (Lat Long) or 210467.64 N 78480.22 E (Irish Nat Grid (1975 adjustment).

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Figure 8. Overall project magnetometer anomaly contact map (larger scale reproduction in Appendix 10)

7.2 Ferry Point Survey

For the purpose of this report, all side scan sonar anomalies recorded in the area surrounding the Ferry Point as referenced with F.P. (Ferry Point), and all magnetometer contacts are referenced as F.P. Mag.

The side scan sonar survey of the Ferry Point area indicated that site of the proposed development contained fifty eight anomalies, of which sixteen were considered to be of cultural heritage significance. The main anomaly form in the survey area was that of a mooring anchor and rope. Considering the area is a known area of anchorage and mooring throughout the year, this is not surprising. The acquired side scan data indicated that close to shore, the seabed was strewn with an assortment of material including car tyres and discarded ropes. It also had a number of hollows and depressions which gave the seabed amore undulating nature. Towards the centre of the harbour, fewer numbers of discarded materials were noted. In addition to this the seabed topography appeared to acquire a more planar form with few undulations and only moorings noted. With the exception of a possible small sunken vessel, little was noted on the eastern side of the survey area.

The following is a table of possible cultural heritage anomalies recorded at Ferry Point, see Appendix 8 for more detail.

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Contact Description ING Co-Ord Lat Long Number

Linear sunken seafloor anomaly. Indiscernible 51° 57.42395' N (X) 579,306.10 (Y) F.P.3 feature located beside probable mooring. 007° 50.75224' W 5,756,892.08 Could possibly be related (WGS84)

Seabed anomaly, 2 x 1m in length and width. 51° 57.39666' N (X) 579,450.75 (Y) F.P.5 Probably a mooring related as it is located in 007° 50.62663' W 5,756,843.78 an known mooring area (WGS84)

51° 57.39857' N Linear feature, 3 x 1m length and width. (X) 579,455.49 (Y) F.P.6 007° 50.62244' W Located close to anomaly F.P. 5 5,756,847.38 (WGS84)

51° 57.39735' N (X) 579,264.38 (Y) F.P.8 3m diameter semi circular feature 007° 50.78934' W 5,756,842.09 (WGS84)

Large seafloor depression. 8 x 7m. Image 51° 57.37872' N (X) 579,407.59 (Y) F.P.10 clarity not very good as swell lead to poor 007° 50.66477' W 5,756,809.81 ensonification (WGS84)

(X) 579,275.70 (Y) 51° 57.37425' N Linear feature, 5.3m in length and 4.4 m to 5,756,799.45 F.P.14 007° 50.78006' W the north of Mooring F.P. 13 (WGS84)

51° 57.39137' N Seafloor mound, poor ensonification caused (X) 579,452.84 (Y) F.P.20 007° 50.62494' W by swell. 5,756,833.99 (WGS84)

51° 57.39334' N (X) 579,492.28 (Y) F.P.21 3m long roughly cylindrical feature. 007° 50.59045' W 5,756,838.28 (WGS84)

Roughly linear 0.2m wide feature. Measured 51° 57.35580' N (X) 579,452.40 (Y) F.P.22 5.4m in length. Located in centre of harbour 007° 50.62623' W 5,756,768.04 channel, Possible timber (WGS84)

51° 57.33168' N Hard reflector, seafloor anomaly. Poor (X) 579,321.29 (Y) F.P.28 007° 50.74134' W ensonification because of swell 5,756,721.23 (WGS84)

(X) 579,288.54 (Y) F.P.30 Unknown seafloor anomaly 51° 57.34649' N 5,756,748.18 007° 50.76956' W

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(WGS84)

51° 57.31135' N (X) 579,421.50 (Y) F.P.35 Anomalous linear feature 007° 50.65436' W 5,756,685.13 (WGS84)

Linear feature 3.2m in length with a possible 51° 57.31266' N additional 2.8m. narrow linear feature could (X) 579,508.72 (Y) F.P.36 007° 50.57817' W possibly be discarded rope from mooring as 5,756,688.94 (WGS84) this is a known area of anchorage

51° 57.30110' N Seafloor anomaly, 8.2m long and c. 1m wide. (X) 579,457.86 (Y) F.P.38 007° 50.62288' W Poor ensonification caused by sea state 5,756,666.71 (WGS84)

51° 57.28631' N (X) 579,396.58 (Y) F.P.40 2.5m long linear anomaly 007° 50.67676' W 5,756,638.31 (WGS84)

51° 57.39911' N (X) 579,432.52 (Y) F.P.57 Unknown seafloor anomaly 007° 50.64248' W 5,756,848.03 (WGS84)

51° 57.35839' N Unknown target, possible small vessel broken (X) 579,558.48 (Y) F.P. 58 007° 50.53354' W in two 5,756,774.52 (WGS84)

Table 3. Ferry Point possible cultural heritage anomaly descriptions and locations

The magnetometer survey at the proposed Ferry Point development recorded that there were no large magnetic contacts in the outer harbour area. High concentrations of metals were recorded adjacent to the current quays. None of these were abnormally high thus indicating that there were no significant ferrous anomalies in the area. The small scale changes in range experienced close to the quays can be explained by the significant number of modern metals discarded in the area. These were identified during the site visit (Section 8) and none appeared to be of cultural heritage significance.

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8 SITE VISIT

A site visit was carried out on the 15th of January 2010. It was timed to coincide with Low Water Spring Tide thus exposing the largest amount of foreshore possible. It encompassed the areas of the Green’s Quay, Sir Richards Quay, Green’s Dock and Harvey’s Dock, a small intermediate tidally exposed dock located beside the Town Quay. The site visit recorded that both the quays and the docking areas bordering the survey area of the proposed pipeline was generally disused by the public and had little commercial activity (Plates 9 & 10). The Town Quay at Pier Head, Green’s Dock, Green’s Quay and Harvey’s Dock are all dry at low tide (Plates 11 - 14). This made them of little commercial use and only accessible at High Tide. A number of buildings in the area of the Green’s Quay appeared to have been recently renovated. These new renovation did not extend to the quays themselves as they were in poor condition with one of the two slipways recorded on the First Edition Ordnance Survey Map (1845) now in a disused and partially derelict state (Plates 15 & 16). The visit also recorded the presence of a considerable amount of debris on and in the dock area and on the foreshore adjacent to the Green’s Quay and south of Greens Dock (Plates 17 - 23). This debris took various forms, ranging from a shopping trolley to metal covers and reinforcing bars and bicycles. None was seen to be of cultural heritage significance; however the presence of such material would appear to indicate how the magnetometer survey had recorded significant quantities of ferrous metals in the area of the quays (see section 7.2 & Figure 8).

At Dunnes Park the existing outfall was partially exposed at low tide (Plates 24 & 25). Also of note was a section of pipe close to shore at Dunnes Park (Plate 25). The pipe has similar dimensions to the existing outfall pipe. It may be the case that the end of the existing outfall has broken off and been washed into shore. It is most likely that this feature was recorded on the side scan sonar as D.P. 2.

There site visit did not record the presence of any previously unknown cultural heritage features, deposits or materials.

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Plate 9. View of docklands north of Green’s Quay at low tide looking south

Plate 10. View of docklands north of Green’s Quay at low tide looking north

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Plate 11. Town Quays and Pier Head at low tide

Plate 12. Harvey’s Dock north of Pier Head at low tide

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Plate 13. Green’s Dock at low tide

Plate 14. Green’s Dock at low tide

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Plate 15. Disused and derelict slipway at Green’s Quay

Plate 16. Detail of disused and derelict slipway at Green’s Quay

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Plate 17. Debris at Pier Head at low tide

Plate 18. Debris in Sir Richards Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide

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Plate 19. Debris in Sir Richards Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide

Plate 20. Debris in Green’s Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide

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Plate 21. Debris in Green’s Dock, north of Pier Head at low tide

Plate 22. Debris along Green’s Quay

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Plate 23. Debris along Green’s Quay

Plate 24. View of existing outfall at Dunnes Park looking south

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Plate 25. View of existing outfall at Dunnes Park looking towards the shore

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8 DISCUSSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

8.1 Discussion of proposed pipeline location

Due to current and future population projections for Youghal town, it is proposed to construct a modern wastewater treatment plant. The outfall for the plant is to be located either on the southern end of Green’s Quay, east of the ferry point in Youghal Harbour or adjacent to the current outfall at Dunnes Park.

8.2 Assessment of Potential Impacts

Direct Impacts

There is potential for the site to contain stray finds and material of an archaeological nature. Interpretation of survey data recorded potential underwater cultural heritage remains on the subject site. If the project were to proceed there is potential for it to impact on previously unrecorded cultural heritage material. This would have a permanent, long term and negative impact on these resources.

‘Do nothing’ impact

If the proposed development were not to proceed there would be no negative impact on the archaeological or cultural heritage resource.

‘Worst case’ impact

Under a worst-case scenario, by way of its form and function, the construction of a new outfall at this point will have a permanent and negative impact on any previously undiscovered cultural heritage material which may be contained within the area.

8.3 Recommendations

The desktop assessment for this proposed development concludes that the town has been the site of extensive maritime activity and significant activity appears to have taken place in the vicinity of the subject sites, these included 18th Century reclamation and dredging works and the creation of a sea wall at Dunnes Park. Analysis of the geophysical data noted that there were a number of underwater features of potential cultural heritage significance which may be negatively impacted by the development works.

In light of this; it is recommended that these potential features are investigated prior to commencement of the project.

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It is also recommended that the Architectural Heritage section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government are consulted with regard to the possible impact of Youghal Seawall, RPS no. 20823004.

Please note that all recommendations above are subject to approval by the Planning and Heritage Section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.

Please note that this report and accompanying recommendations are based on maps provided at the time of writing. Should changes be made, further assessment may be necessary.

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APPENDIX 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (1998). Hydrographic Surveying. ASCE Press.

Bennet, I. (Ed.). (2000). Excavations 1998. Dublin.

Bennet, I. (Ed.). (2000). Excavation 1999. Dublin.

Blondell, P. (2009). The Handbook of Side Scan Sonar, Praxis Publishing, Chichester, UK.

Bræstrup, M.W. and Andersen, J. B. (2005). Design and Installation of Marine Pipelines. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford.

Byrnes, M.R., Crowell, M. and Fowler C. (2003). Shoreline Mapping and Change Analysis: Technical Considerations and Management Implications. Journal of Coastal Research. Special Issue 38.

Casey, C. and Alisdair R. (1993). The Buildings of Ireland. Penguin, Dublin.

Department of the Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht & the Islands (DAHGI) (1999). Frameworks and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage, Government publications, Dublin.

Department of the Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht & the Islands (DAHGI) (1999). Policy and Guidelines on Archaeological Excavation. Government publications, Dublin.

Ellis, M.Y. (1978). Coastal Mapping Handbook. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Department of Commerce, National Ocean Service and Office of Coastal Zone Management, U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C.

Environmental Protection Agency (1995). Advice notes on current practice in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statements. Dublin.

Fish, J.P. & Carr, H.A. (1990). Sound Underwater Images, a guide to generation and interpretation of side scan sonar data. Orleans M.A.

Fish, J.P. & Carr, H.A. (2001). Sound Reflection;, advanced applications of side scan sonar. Orleans M.A.

International Hydrographic Organisation (IHO) (2005). Manual on Hydrography, 1st Edition. International Hydrographic Bureau, Monaco.

Joyce, P.W. (1913). Irish Names of Places. Vol. III. Dublin.

Kearey, P. and Brooks, M. (1984). An Introduction to Geophysical Exploration. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, UK.

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Killannin, Lord & Duignan, M. (1962). The Shell Guide to Ireland. Edbury Press, London.

Moore, L.J. (2000). Shoreline Mapping Techniques. Journal of Coastal Research. Volume 16. Pages 111 to 124.

National Monuments Acts 1930-1994.

National Museum of Ireland. Topographical files, County Cork.

Nolan, W. & Simms, A. (Eds.). (1998). Irish Towns, A Guide to Sources. Dublin.

The Heritage Council, (2000). Archaeology & Development: Guidelines for Good Practice for Developers. The Heritage Council of Ireland Series, Kilkenny.

The National Ocean Service's (NOS) (1976). Hydrographic Manual, Fourth Edition. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Maryland, U.S.

The Planning and Heritage Section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Sites and Monuments Record, County Cork.

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APPENDIX 2 LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND

The 1992 European Convention on the Protection of Archaeological Heritage was ratified by Ireland in 1997. The convention provides the basic framework for policy on the protection of the archaeological heritage. In summary, the obligations on the state under the convention relate to • providing statutory protection measures • authorisation and supervision of archaeological activities • measures for the physical protection of the archaeological heritage • providing consultation between archaeologists and planners • providing financial support for research or rescue archaeology • facilitating the study of archaeological discoveries by making or bringing up to date maps, surveys and inventories of archaeological sites • facilitating national and international exchanges of elements of the archaeological heritage for scientific purposes • educating the public in relation to the value of and threat to the archaeological heritage • preventing the illicit circulation of elements of the archaeological heritage • providing for the exchange of information and experts on the archaeological heritage between states party to the convention.

Irish Legislation

Irish legislation for the protection of archaeological heritage is based on the National Monuments Acts 1930-2004. This is in accordance with the Valetta Convention (as above). The Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government has a specific role in relation to the protection of the archaeological heritage through powers provided by these acts and the National Cultural Institutions Act 1997. The overall state archaeological service is provided by the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DEHLG) and delivered through the Planning and Heritage Section of the DEHLG and the National Museum of Ireland (Irish Antiquities Division) on behalf of the minister.

• The National Monuments Acts secure the archaeological heritage in several key areas • The Protection of Archaeological Monuments and Areas.

Section 2 of the 1930 Act (as amended) provides that ‘monument’ includes any artificial building or structure, cave, stone or any natural object that has been altered or moved into purposefully put in position, any prehistoric tomb, grave or burial or any ritual, industrial or habitation site or any traces of the above. the Planning and Heritage Section of the Department of the

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Environment, Heritage and Local Government advises the Minister on the protection of archaeological monuments and places. There are a number of mechanisms which can be applied to secure the protection of archaeological monuments and areas.

• The Record of Monuments and Places – a list and maps of monuments and relevant places in each county maintained and updated by The Planning and Heritage Section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government. Monuments entered into it are referred to as Recorded Monuments. Owners or occupiers of Recorded Monuments are required to give two months notice to the Minister and obtain consent before carrying out any works in relation to the monument. • The Register of Historic Monuments – a list of all historic monuments known to the Minister. Owners or occupiers must not, other than with consent, alter, deface, demolish or in any manner interfere with a historic monument entered in the register. • Preservation Orders and Temporary Preservation Orders. – Where it appears to the minister that a monument, considered to be a national monument, is in danger or is actually being destroyed or falling into decay the minister may by preservation order or temporary preservation order, undertake the preservation of the monument. A temporary preservation order will remain in force for six months and then expire.

The Protection of Archaeological Objects

Section 2 of the 1930 Act (amended) defines an archaeological object as (in summary) any chattel in a manufactured or partly manufactured state or an unmanufactured state but with an archaeological or historical association. This includes ancient human, animal or plant remains. The National Museum of Ireland advises the Minister on the protection of archaeological objects. The National Monuments Acts state the following regarding the archaeological objects. Archaeological objects must not be altered by any person unless issued with a licence to do so by the Minister. This includes cleaning, restoring, sampling, cutting or drilling. No archaeological object found after 1930 may be purchased or otherwise acquired or sold unless designated by the director of the Museum. It is unlawful to export or attempt to export archaeological objects other than with an export licence.

The Control of Archaeological Excavation

It is unlawful for any person to dig or excavate in or under any land for the purpose of searching for archaeological objects or particular structure or thing of archaeological interest known or

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believed to be under such land unless issued with, or in accordance with a licence issued by the Minister. The Planning and Heritage Section of the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, in consultation with the National Museum, advises the Minister on the issuing of licences. In practice, for a person to be issued with a licence to excavate, he or she will have to be considered eligible to hold one. This is generally determined by interview.

The Control of Detection Devices

Section 2 of the 1987 Act defines a detecting device as a device designed or adapted for detecting or locating any metal or mineral on the ground and under water. This does not include a camera. It is unlawful to use or be in possession of such a device
At the site of a monument subject to a preservation order
A monument in the ownership or guardianship of the Minister
A monument entered in the Record of Monuments and Places
A monument entered in the Register of Historic Monuments

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APPENDIX 3 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE

Procedures relating to the carrying out of Cultural Heritage section of EISs.

Archaeological assessment has been described as “the overall process of assessing the impact of a development” (DAHGI, 1999). The principle aim of assessment is to anticipate and avoid impacts on the archaeological resource. Archaeological assessment may be required as part of the planning process in response to developments which may be located in the vicinity of archaeological monuments, which are extensive in terms of area or length, which are likely to have a substantial impact on present or former wetlands, unenclosed land, rivers, lakes, the inter-tidal zone or the sea-bed (The Heritage Council. 2000).

Impact Assessment and Archaeology

Archaeological monuments can comprise identifiable above ground features or subterranean traces of previous activity. These monuments can be affected in the course of development in a number of ways. Potential impacts can be identified through the assessment procedure by carrying out a paper study/historical research. The documentary research can then be combined with existing baseline data, field assessment and non-intrusive methods to provide a pre-development risk appraisal study for developers. Further investigation or mitigation measures may subsequently be recommended prior to and during the course of construction work. Sources used by archaeologists show considerable variation (The Heritage Council, 2000). A number of primary baseline data sources and procedures must be considered. These are listed below. 1. The Register of Monuments and Places. The RMP is a database recording all archaeological sites in Ireland known to the National Monuments Service. It is based on the Sites and Monuments Record of each County. The record comprises Ordnance Survey 6” sheets which indicate the location of each monument or place of archaeological interest and files of further documentary and photographic data or information relating to an archaeological event such as a site visit, survey or excavation. These are housed in the National Monuments Services in Dublin. The record is constantly updated and principally focuses on monuments that pre-date 1700. 2. The National Museum of Ireland Topographical Files. The National Museum in Dublin houses an archive of antiquities cataloguing artefacts which were found and reported between 1928 and 1995. Artefacts can be used as a pointer to the levels of activity in an area in the past. As such they are a useful guide to the archaeological potential of a site

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3. Cartographic evidence. Ordnance Survey maps and available early maps are consulted and examined. Historical maps are more easily available for urban sites. However, other sources, such as estate maps, are available for rural sites. 4. Previous archaeological work near to the subject site. Previous fieldwork carried out locally can provide further information on the surrounding landscape and help to determine the nature of the archaeological resource. A yearly excavations bulletin catalogues all licensed fieldwork carried out in the state. The Archaeological Survey of Ireland and local journals can also be used as sources for this purpose 5. Field inspection. A site visit is necessary in order to determine the nature of the archaeological resource and potential remains. Previously unknown archaeological sites can be identified through topographical observations. A site visit can also be helpful in researching local traditions/folklore which may help to indicate levels of activity in the area in the past. 6. Aerial photographs. The Geological Survey of Ireland, based in Dublin, holds a comprehensive archive of high level vertical photographs available for consultation by the public and researchers. This is an invaluable resource for the recognition of new sites and the contributing to the understanding of known sites.

Examination of the above sources and the undertaking of the above procedures can result in a detailed statement of the possible impacts on the archaeological resource of a proposed development and set out recommendations as how the impact can be avoided, minimized or negated. By ensuring the earliest identification of the archaeological impacts of a development these impacts can be minimized or avoided, thus reducing costs and/or delays.

Direct and indirect impacts resulting from the proposed development on the archaeological resource should be described and considered. This section of the cultural impact assessment should address the results of disturbance by excavation or deposition, topsoil stripping or passage of machinery and subsequent physical loss to a monument or its setting, desiccation of archaeological objects or remains due to groundwater level changes, visual impacts and visual amenity impact.

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Mitigation Strategies and Archaeology

Although it is not always possible to detect archaeological sites prior to construction works, it is important to investigate the potential impacts at the earliest phase of development, if possible during site selection. The ideal mitigation for archaeological sites is avoidance/preservation in situ. This is, however, not always possible. If the risk of disturbing archaeological remains is considered minimal, no further archaeological work (other than monitoring of construction work) may be recommended. Recommendations in the impact statement can be offered as mitigation measures should preservation in situ prove impractical or impossible. These are as follows:

Archaeological Test Trenching. Test excavation has been defined as that form of archaeological excavation where the purpose is to establish the nature and extent of archaeological deposits and features present in a location which it is proposed to develop (though not normally to fully investigate those deposits or features) and allow an assessment to be made of the archaeological impact of the proposed development (DAHGI, 1999).

• Full Archaeological Excavation. Archaeological excavation has been described as being carried out in order to “mitigate the impact of development on archaeological deposits, features and objects through scientific recording … resulting in preservation by record …” (DAHGI, 1999).

• Archaeological Monitoring. Archaeological monitoring has been described as "involving an archaeologist being present in the course of the carrying out of development works (which may include conservation works), so as to identify and protect archaeological deposits, features or objects which may be uncovered or otherwise affected by the works" (DAHGI, 1999).

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APPENDIX 4 SIDE SCAN SONAR OF ANOMALIES RECOMMENDED FOR FURTHER INVESTIGATION

Ferry Point Anomalies Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 58

Target Info for F.P. 58 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:46:22 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 5.79 Meters 51° 57.35839' N 007° 50.53354' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.48 Meters (X) 579,558.48 (Y) 5,756,774.52 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908094100.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 86869 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 21.06 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 2.36 Meters Description: Unknown target, possible small vessel broken in two • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908094100

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 57

Target Info for F.P. 57 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:34:01 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 6.63 Meters 51° 57.39911' N 007° 50.64248' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.11 Meters (X) 579,432.52 (Y) 5,756,848.03 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908093000.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 73229 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 31.46 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.42 Meters Description: Unknown seafloor anomaly • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908093000

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 40

Target Info for F.P. 40 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:59:51 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.51 Meters 51° 57.28631' N 007° 50.67676' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,396.58 (Y) 5,756,638.31 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908085700.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 35504 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 7.87 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.30 Meters Description: 2.5m long linear anomaly • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908085700

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 38

Target Info for F.P. 38 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:59:26 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 8.23 Meters 51° 57.30110' N 007° 50.62288' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.41 Meters (X) 579,457.86 (Y) 5,756,666.71 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908085700.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 35046 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 15.52 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 2.31 Meters Description: Seafloor anomaly, 8.2m long and c. 1m wide. Poor insonification caused by sea • Event Number: 0 state • Line Name: sonar_data090908085700

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 36

Target Info for F.P. 36 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:02:36 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.16 Meters 51° 57.31266' N 007° 50.57817' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,508.72 (Y) 5,756,688.94 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Classification 2: Probable Non Archaeological • Ping Number: 38544 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 17.47 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.94 Meters Description: Linear feature 3.2m in length with a possible additional 2.8m. narrow linear • Event Number: 0 feature could possibly be discarded rope from mooring as this is a known area of • Line Name: sonar_data090908085900 anchorage

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 35

Target Info for F.P. 35 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:01:59 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 1.30 Meters 51° 57.31135' N 007° 50.65436' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,421.50 (Y) 5,756,685.13 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 37859 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 8.71 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.63 Meters Description: Anomalous linear feature • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908085900

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 30

Target Info for F.P. 30 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:47 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.31 Meters 51° 57.34649' N 007° 50.76956' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.19 Meters (X) 579,288.54 (Y) 5,756,748.18 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 42075 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 20.44 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 4.07 Meters Description: Anomalous seafloor anomaly • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 28

Target Info for F.P. 28 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:35 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 1.58 Meters 51° 57.33168' N 007° 50.74134' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.90 Meters (X) 579,321.29 (Y) 5,756,721.23 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 41850 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 9.45 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 5.15 Meters Description: Hard reflector, seafloor anomaly. Poor insonification because of swell • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 22

Target Info for F.P. 22 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:04:43 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 5.43 Meters 51° 57.35580' N 007° 50.62623' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.25 Meters (X) 579,452.40 (Y) 5,756,768.04 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 40879 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 18.70 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.94 Meters Description: Roughly linear 0.2m wide feature. Measured 5.4m in length. Located in centre • Event Number: 0 of harbour channel, Possible timber • Line Name: sonar_data090908090300

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 21

Target Info for F.P. 21 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:08:08 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.01 Meters 51° 57.39334' N 007° 50.59045' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,492.28 (Y) 5,756,838.28 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 44652 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 29.49 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 3.51 Meters Description: 3m long roughly cylindrical feature. • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 20

Target Info for F.P. 20 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:07:52 Target Height = 0.10 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 7.10 Meters 51° 57.39137' N 007° 50.62494' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 1.40 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.19 Meters (X) 579,452.84 (Y) 5,756,833.99 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 44362 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 25.71 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 5.31 Meters Description: Seafloor mound, poor insonification caused by swell. • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 14

Target Info for F.P. 14 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:37 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 5.28 Meters 51° 57.37425' N 007° 50.78006' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,275.70 (Y) 5,756,799.45 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 42977 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 13.44 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 4.36 Meters Description: Linear feature, 5.3m in length and 4.4 m to the north of Mooring F.P. 13 • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 10

Target Info for F.P. 10 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:10:21 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 8.08 Meters 51° 57.37872' N 007° 50.66477' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 7.13 Meters (X) 579,407.59 (Y) 5,756,809.81 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908090800.xtf Classification 2: Probable Non Archaeological • Ping Number: 47093 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 31.31 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.39 Meters Description: Large seafloor depression. 8 x 7m. Image clarity not very good as swell lead to • Event Number: 0 poor ensonification • Line Name: sonar_data090908090800

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 8

Target Info for F.P. 8 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:11:42 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.04 Meters 51° 57.39735' N 007° 50.78934' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,264.38 (Y) 5,756,842.09 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 48586 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 18.72 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 2.23 Meters Description: 3m diameter semi circular feature • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000

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Youghal All Contacts Report D.P. 7

Target Info for D.P. 7 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:54:30 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.97 Meters 51° 57.49727' N 007° 50.83684' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.32 Meters (X) 579,207.05 (Y) 5,757,026.43 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908095300.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 95864 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall • Range to Target: 29.59 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 4.35 Meters Description: Linear anomaly, measuring 4m in length and 0.3m in width. • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908095300

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 6

Target Info for F.P. 6 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:13:03 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.12 Meters 51° 57.39857' N 007° 50.62244' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.03 Meters (X) 579,455.49 (Y) 5,756,847.38 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 50089 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 23.63 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 8.21 Meters Description: Linear feature, 3 x 1m length and width. Located close to anomaly F.P. 5 • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 5

Target Info for F.P. 5 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:13:02 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.00 Meters 51° 57.39666' N 007° 50.62663' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.04 Meters (X) 579,450.75 (Y) 5,756,843.78 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 50056 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 27.34 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 7.89 Meters Description: Seabed anomaly, 2 x 1m in length and width. Probably a mooring related as it • Event Number: 0 is located in an known mooring area • Line Name: sonar_data090908091000

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Youghal All Contacts Report F.P. 3

Target Info for F.P. 3 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:12:02 Target Height = 0.54 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 10.15 Meters 51° 57.42395' N 007° 50.75224' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 2.81 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.82 Meters (X) 579,306.10 (Y) 5,756,892.08 Mag Anomaly: N/A

• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Avoidance Area: N/A Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 48960 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall • Range to Target: 24.09 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 5.24 Meters Description: Linear sunken seafloor anomaly. Indiscernible feature located beside probable • Event Number: 0 mooring. Could possibly be related • Line Name: sonar_data090908091000

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Youghal All Contacts Report D.P. 8

Target Info for D.P. 8 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:54:57 Target Height = 0.19 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.50 Meters 51° 57.50464' N 007° 50.89681' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.95 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,138.16 (Y) 5,757,039.02 Mag Anomaly: Avoidance Area: • Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908095300.xtf Classification 2: Probable Non Archaeological • Ping Number: 96353 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall • Range to Target: 7.33 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 2.34 Meters Description: Unknown anomaly 30m from the base of the seawall. shore • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908095300

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Youghal All Contacts Report D.P. 7

Target Info for D.P. 7 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:54:30 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.97 Meters 51° 57.49727' N 007° 50.83684' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.32 Meters (X) 579,207.05 (Y) 5,757,026.43 Mag Anomaly: Avoidance Area: • Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908095300.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 95864 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall • Range to Target: 29.59 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 4.35 Meters Description: Linear anomaly, measuring 4m in length and 0.3m in width. • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908095300

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Youghal All Contacts Report D.P. 6

Target Info for D.P. 6 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:54:16 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 6.31 Meters 51° 57.52858' N 007° 50.82450' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.18 Meters (X) 579,220.26 (Y) 5,757,084.69 Mag Anomaly: Avoidance Area: • Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908095300.xtf Classification 2: Probable Non Archaeological • Ping Number: 95593 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall • Range to Target: 17.29 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 4.85 Meters Description: Cluster of three seafloor anomalies comprising hollows and elevations • Event Number: 0

• Line Name: sonar_data090908095300

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Youghal All Contacts Report D.P. 4

Target Info for D.P. 4 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:59:46 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.95 Meters 51° 57.54467' N 007° 50.93503' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.39 Meters (X) 579,093.22 (Y) 5,757,112.53 Mag Anomaly: Avoidance Area: • Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Classification 1: Unknown • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908095800.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 101671 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall • Range to Target: 11.71 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 1.84 Meters Description: Cluster of four anomalous features. 3.7m in length and 2.4m wide, Located 16m to the • Event Number: 0 north of the existing outfall and adjacent to anomaly DP 3 • Line Name: sonar_data090908095800

Youghal All Contacts Report D.P. 3

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Target Info for D.P. 3 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:59:50 Target Height = 0.05 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 1.49 Meters 51° 57.54461' N 007° 50.94320' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.39 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.46 Meters (X) 579,083.86 (Y) 5,757,112.25 Mag Anomaly: Avoidance Area: • Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Classification 1: • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908095800.xtf Classification 2: Possible Archaeological • Ping Number: 101747 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall • Range to Target: 14.73 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 2.76 Meters Description: Anomalous linear feature, 1.5m in length and 0.5m wide. Discernible in the planar • Event Number: 0 substrate. • Line Name: sonar_data090908095800

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Youghal All Contacts Report D.P. 1

Target Info for D.P. 1 User Entered Info

• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 09:05:52 Target Height = 0.00 Meters • Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.97 Meters 51° 57.51197' N 007° 50.91394' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters

• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.53 Meters (X) 579,118.33 (Y) 5,757,052.28 Mag Anomaly: N/A Avoidance Area: N/A • Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Meter Classification 1: buoy • Acoustic Source File: E:\sonar_data090908100400.xtf Classification 2: Probable Non Archaeological • Ping Number: 108405 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall • Range to Target: 11.55 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 2.15 Meters Description: A probable anchor and buoy. Definite linear nature to a 4m long portion of this anomaly. • Event Number: 0 Should be dived. • Line Name: sonar_data090908100400

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APPENDIX 5 Side Scan Sonar anomalies for Proposed outfall Target Image Target Info User Entered Info

F.P. 58 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:46:22 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 5.79 Meters 51° 57.35839' N 007° 50.53354' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.48 Meters (X) 579,558.48 (Y) 5,756,774.52 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908094100.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 86869 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 21.06 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 2.36 Meters •• Description: Unknown target, ••• Event Number: 0 possible small vessel broken ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908094100 in two

F.P. 57 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:34:01 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 6.63 Meters 51° 57.39911' N 007° 50.64248' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.11 Meters (X) 579,432.52 (Y) 5,756,848.03 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908093000.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 73229 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 31.46 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.42 Meters •• Description: Unknown ••• Event Number: 0 seafloor anomaly ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908093000

F.P. 56 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:31:15 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.25006' N 007° 50.64870' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,429.79 (Y) 5,756,571.62 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: cable ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908092800.xtf Archaeological Area: Youghal SS: Proposed ••• Ping Number: 70191 Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 17.34 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 5.44 Meters •• Description: Cable on the ••• Event Number: 0 seafloor ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908092800

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F.P. 55 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:30:41 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.29844' N 007° 50.69752' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,372.45 (Y) 5,756,660.41 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: cable ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908092800.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 69556 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 26.23 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 6.29 Meters Description: 59m long cable ••• Event Number: 0 lying on the seafloor ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908092800

F.P. 54 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:27:33 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.29382' N 007° 50.70352' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,365.72 (Y) 5,756,651.74 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908092500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 66093 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 13.01 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 2.85 Meters •• Description: Mooring with ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope visible on the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908092500 sonar record

F.P. 53 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:27:13 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.27823' N 007° 50.66588' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,409.28 (Y) 5,756,623.54 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908092500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 65731 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 21.14 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 5.28 Meters •• Description: Mooring with ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope noted on the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908092500 sonar record

F.P. 52 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:26:15 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.24580' N 007° 50.70670' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,363.48 (Y) 5,756,562.68 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908092300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 64657 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 8.31 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 4.38 Meters Description: Mooring with ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope visible on the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908092300 sonar record

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F.P. 51 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:22:35 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.30002' N 007° 50.73687' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,327.35 (Y) 5,756,662.63 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908091900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 60604 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 5.74 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 4.86 Meters Description: Mooring with ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope visible on the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091900 sonar record

F.P. 50 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:22:44 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.31018' N 007° 50.74852' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,313.70 (Y) 5,756,681.25 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908091900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 60768 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 7.28 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 5.29 Meters Description: Additional ••• Event Number: 0 Mooring to F.P. 49 ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091900

F.P. 49 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:22:46 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.31284' N 007° 50.75104' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,310.73 (Y) 5,756,686.14 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908091900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 60814 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 9.76 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 5.12 Meters Description: Mooring with ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope visible on the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091900 sonar record

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F.P. 48 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:54:45 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.22607' N 007° 50.68622' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,387.52 (Y) 5,756,526.48 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085200.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 29872 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 9.54 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 4.89 Meters Description: Mooring ••• Event Number: 0 ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085200

F.P. 47 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:54:48 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.22474' N 007° 50.69473' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,377.82 (Y) 5,756,523.85 Mag Anomaly: N/A: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085200.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 29936 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 9.46 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 4.92 Meters Description: Mooring with ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope visible on the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085200 sonar record

F.P. 46 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:56:21 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.25888' N 007° 50.66886' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,406.44 (Y) 5,756,587.61 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908085400.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 31636 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 12.46 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 5.47 Meters Description: Tyre ••• Event Number: 0 ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085400

F.P. 45 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:56:43 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.24624' N 007° 50.62168' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,460.84 (Y) 5,756,565.04 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085400.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 32049 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 37.69 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 5.48 Meters Description: Mooring ••• Event Number: 0 ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085400

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F.P. 44 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:56:13 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.25461' N 007° 50.68160' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,391.98 (Y) 5,756,579.45 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085400.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 31502 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 19.68 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 5.15 Meters Description: Poorly insonified ••• Event Number: 0 mooring system with trailing ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085400 rope imaged on the sonar record

F.P. 43 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:56:05 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.27056' N 007° 50.70055' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,369.80 (Y) 5,756,608.68 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085400.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 31349 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 12.58 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 4.30 Meters •• Description: Poorly imaged ••• Event Number: 0 mooring with trailing rope ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085400 imaged on the sonar record

F.P. 42 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:55:35 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.24716' N 007° 50.72982' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,336.97 (Y) 5,756,564.78 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Tyre-Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085400.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 30789 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 16.38 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 2.40 Meters •• Description: Tyre mooring ••• Event Number: 0 also imaged on other ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085400 passages

F.P. 41 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:55:22 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.24868' N 007° 50.73067' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,335.95 (Y) 5,756,567.58 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Tyre-Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085400.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 30564 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 12.39 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 2.97 Meters Description: Poorly imaged ••• Event Number: 0 tyre ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085400

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F.P. 40 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:59:51 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.51 Meters 51° 57.28631' N 007° 50.67676' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,396.58 (Y) 5,756,638.31 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908085700.xtf Archaeological Area: Youghal SS: Proposed ••• Ping Number: 35504 Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 7.87 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.30 Meters •• Description: 2.5m long linear ••• Event Number: 0 anomaly ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085700

F.P. 39 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:59:48 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.29581' N 007° 50.67174' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,402.06 (Y) 5,756,656.02 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085700.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 35452 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 9.34 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 6.20 Meters Description: Mooring with ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope visible in the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085700 sonar record

F.P. 38 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 07:59:26 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 8.23 Meters 51° 57.30110' N 007° 50.62288' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.41 Meters (X) 579,457.86 (Y) 5,756,666.71 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908085700.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 35046 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 15.52 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 2.31 Meters Description: Seafloor ••• Event Number: 0 anomaly, 8.2m long and c. 1m ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085700 wide. Poor insonification caused by sea state

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F.P. 37 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:43:47 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.30647' N 007° 50.53915' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,553.59 (Y) 5,756,678.18 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908094100.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 84022 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 22.95 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 1.78 Meters Description: Tyre mooring ••• Event Number: 0 ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908094100

F.P. 36 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:02:36 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.16 Meters 51° 57.31266' N 007° 50.57817' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,508.72 (Y) 5,756,688.94 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 38544 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 17.47 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 6.94 Meters •• Description: Linear feature ••• Event Number: 0 3.2m in length with a possible ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085900 additional 2.8m. narrow linear feature could possibly be discarded rope from mooring as this is a known area of anchorage

F.P. 35 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:01:59 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 1.30 Meters 51° 57.31135' N 007° 50.65436' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,421.50 (Y) 5,756,685.13 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 37859 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 8.71 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 6.63 Meters Description: Anomalous ••• Event Number: 0 linear feature ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085900

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F.P. 34 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:01:48 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.31989' N 007° 50.67715' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,395.15 (Y) 5,756,700.55 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 37651 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 6.17 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 6.45 Meters Description: Mooring anchor ••• Event Number: 0 with trailing rope noted in the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085900 sonar record

F.P. 33 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:01:39 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.30875' N 007° 50.69386' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,376.34 (Y) 5,756,679.60 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 37492 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 14.83 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 5.92 Meters Description: Mooring Anchor ••• Event Number: 0 associated with nearby cable ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085900 imaged on the sonar record

F.P. 32 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:01:37 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.31039' N 007° 50.69730' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,372.35 (Y) 5,756,682.57 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: cable ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 37458 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 11.59 Meters Block: N/A ••• Fish Height: 5.88 Meters Description: Mooring Cable ••• Event Number: 0 visible on the sonar record ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085900

F.P. 31 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:01:24 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 20.89 Meters 51° 57.29891' N 007° 50.72174' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,344.70 (Y) 5,756,660.85 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908085900.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 37218 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 29.58 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 5.30 Meters •• Description: Sunken Mooring ••• Event Number: 0 and 20m of associated rope ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908085900

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F.P. 30 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:47 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.31 Meters 51° 57.34649' N 007° 50.76956' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.19 Meters (X) 579,288.54 (Y) 5,756,748.18 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 42075 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 20.44 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 4.07 Meters Description: Anomalous ••• Event Number: 0 seafloor anomaly ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300

F.P. 29 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:43 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.33092' N 007° 50.75897' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,301.12 (Y) 5,756,719.50 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 41992 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 8.78 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 4.26 Meters •• Description: Mooring Anchor ••• Event Number: 0 with trailing rope visible on ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 the sonar record

F.P. 28 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:35 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 1.58 Meters 51° 57.33168' N 007° 50.74134' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.90 Meters (X) 579,321.29 (Y) 5,756,721.23 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 41850 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 9.45 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 5.15 Meters •• Description: Hard reflector, ••• Event Number: 0 seafloor anomaly. Poor ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 insonification because of swell

F.P. 27 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:39 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.34059' N 007° 50.75269' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,308.03 (Y) 5,756,737.54 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 41927 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 8.52 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.09 Meters Description: Mooring anchor ••• Event Number: 0 with trailing rope visible on ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 the sonar record

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F.P. 26 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:30 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.32104' N 007° 50.72695' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,338.08 (Y) 5,756,701.77 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 41758 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 31.39 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.72 Meters Description: Tyre with hollow ••• Event Number: 0 centre, imaged and confirmed ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 on additional swaths

F.P. 25 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:28 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.34227' N 007° 50.72855' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,335.62 (Y) 5,756,741.09 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 41724 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 7.81 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.85 Meters Description: Mooring anchor ••• Event Number: 0 with trailing rope visible in the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 sonar record

F.P. 24 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:17 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 8.05 Meters 51° 57.32711' N 007° 50.70067' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,368.00 (Y) 5,756,713.51 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: cable ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 41522 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 24.10 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 6.01 Meters Description: Sunken rope ••• Event Number: 0 associated with nearby ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 seafloor mooring depression: imaged on additional sonar records and sweeps

F.P. 23 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:05:13 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.34234' N 007° 50.69378' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,375.44 (Y) 5,756,741.86 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 41440 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 3.16 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 6.17 Meters Description: Mooring Anchor ••• Event Number: 0 with trailing rope visible in the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 sonar record

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F.P. 22 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:04:43 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 5.43 Meters 51° 57.35580' N 007° 50.62623' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.25 Meters (X) 579,452.40 (Y) 5,756,768.04 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 40879 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 18.70 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 6.94 Meters Description: Roughly linear ••• Event Number: 0 0.2m wide feature. Measured ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090300 5.4m in length. Located in centre of harbour channel, Possible timber

F.P. 21 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:08:08 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.01 Meters 51° 57.39334' N 007° 50.59045' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,492.28 (Y) 5,756,838.28 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 44652 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 29.49 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 3.51 Meters Description: 3m long roughly ••• Event Number: 0 cylindrical feature. ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

F.P. 20 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:07:52 Target Height = 0.10 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 7.10 Meters 51° 57.39137' N 007° 50.62494' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 1.40 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.19 Meters (X) 579,452.84 (Y) 5,756,833.99 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 44362 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 25.71 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.31 Meters Description: Seafloor mound, ••• Event Number: 0 poor insonification caused by ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500 swell.

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F.P. 19 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:07:12 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.94 Meters 51° 57.36644' N 007° 50.70388' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,363.17 (Y) 5,756,786.35 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Tyre ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 43627 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 8.74 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.70 Meters Description: Possible Tyre ••• Event Number: 0 relating to mooring ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

F.P. 18 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:48 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.35628' N 007° 50.75686' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,302.79 (Y) 5,756,766.55 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 43173 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 18.45 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 5.02 Meters •• Description: Mooring Anchor, ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope visible in the ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500 sonar record. Also visible in water column

F.P. 17 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:42 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.34925' N 007° 50.77124' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,286.53 (Y) 5,756,753.25 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 43062 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 32.86 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 4.30 Meters Description: Seafloor ••• Event Number: 0 depression most probably ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500 related to nearby mooring. A 32m length of cable/rope visible on the seafloor.

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F.P. 16 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:32 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.35956' N 007° 50.78369' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,271.97 (Y) 5,756,772.15 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 42880 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 12.51 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 4.08 Meters Description: Mooring Anchor ••• Event Number: 0 with tailing rope visible. ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

FP15 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:24:41 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.03 Meters 51° 57.37873' N 007° 50.70858' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.33 Meters (X) 579,357.43 (Y) 5,756,809.04 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908092300.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 62927 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 20.67 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 5.36 Meters •• Description: Anomalous ••• Event Number: 0 target, probably non ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908092300 archaeological

F.P. 14 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:37 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 5.28 Meters 51° 57.37425' N 007° 50.78006' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,275.70 (Y) 5,756,799.45 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 42977 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 13.44 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 4.36 Meters Description: Linear feature, ••• Event Number: 0 5.3m in length and 4.4 m to ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500 the north of Mooring F.P. 13

F.P. 13 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:38 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.37128' N 007° 50.77706' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,279.22 (Y) 5,756,793.98 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 42998 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 7.76 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 4.59 Meters Description: Mooring Anchor, ••• Event Number: 0 trailing rope can be seen in ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500 the water column

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F.P. 12 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:28 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.36764' N 007° 50.79744' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,255.99 (Y) 5,756,786.88 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 42818 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 8.40 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 3.59 Meters Description: Mooring anchor ••• Event Number: 0 ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

F.P. 11 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:06:23 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.36380' N 007° 50.80604' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,246.25 (Y) 5,756,779.60 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Mooring ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908090500.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 42719 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 9.58 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 3.35 Meters •• Description: Mooring anchor ••• Event Number: 0 ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090500

F.P. 10 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:10:21 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 8.08 Meters 51° 57.37872' N 007° 50.66477' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 7.13 Meters (X) 579,407.59 (Y) 5,756,809.81 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908090800.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 47093 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 31.31 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 6.39 Meters •• Description: Large seafloor ••• Event Number: 0 depression. 8 x 7m. Image ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090800 clarity not very good as swell lead to poor imaged

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F.P. 9 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:10:11 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.28 Meters 51° 57.40796' N 007° 50.64325' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.77 Meters (X) 579,431.38 (Y) 5,756,864.41 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908090800.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 46911 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 23.20 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.73 Meters Description: Most likely a ••• Event Number: 0 mooring block. Anomaly ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908090800 located in mooring area and surrounding shadow

F.P. 8 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:11:42 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.04 Meters 51° 57.39735' N 007° 50.78934' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,264.38 (Y) 5,756,842.09 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 48586 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 18.72 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 2.23 Meters Description: 3m diameter ••• Event Number: 0 semi circular feature ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000

F. P. 7 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:13:10 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.87 Meters 51° 57.39738' N 007° 50.60656' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.77 Meters (X) 579,473.71 (Y) 5,756,845.47 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 50220 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 25.76 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 8.23 Meters Description: Roughly ••• Event Number: 0 cylindrical seafloor anomaly. ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000 Image is not very clear due to swell

F.P. 6 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:13:03 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.12 Meters 51° 57.39857' N 007° 50.62244' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.03 Meters (X) 579,455.49 (Y) 5,756,847.38 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Archaeological Area: Youghal SS: Proposed ••• Ping Number: 50089 Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 23.63 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 8.21 Meters •• Description: Linear feature, 3 ••• Event Number: 0 x 1m length and width. ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000 Located close to F.P. 5

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F.P. 5 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:13:02 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.00 Meters 51° 57.39666' N 007° 50.62663' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.04 Meters (X) 579,450.75 (Y) 5,756,843.78 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 50056 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 27.34 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 7.89 Meters Description: Seabed anomaly, ••• Event Number: 0 2 x 1m in length and width. ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000 Probably a mooring related as it is located in an known mooring area

F.P. 4 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:12:08 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 5.47 Meters 51° 57.42016' N 007° 50.73850' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.78 Meters (X) 579,321.94 (Y) 5,756,885.29 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 49077 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 17.34 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.36 Meters Description: Possible ••• Event Number: 0 mooring related seafloor ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000 depression

F.P. 3 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:12:02 Target Height = 0.54 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 10.15 Meters 51° 57.42395' N 007° 50.75224' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 2.81 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.82 Meters (X) 579,306.10 (Y) 5,756,892.08 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 48960 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 24.09 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.24 Meters Description: Linear sunken ••• Event Number: 0 seafloor anomaly. ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000 Indiscernible feature located beside probable mooring. Could possibly be related

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F.P. 2 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:12:03 Target Height = 0.28 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.80 Meters 51° 57.42097' N 007° 50.75052' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 1.10 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,308.15 (Y) 5,756,886.57 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Tyre ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 48974 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 18.59 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 5.15 Meters Description: Probable large ••• Event Number: 0 tyre, 0.8m in diameter with a ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000 1.1m shadow. Standing 0.28m high on the seabed. Located in know area of mooring

F.P. 1 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:11:47 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.58 Meters 51° 57.41691' N 007° 50.78868' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,264.57 (Y) 5,756,878.36 Mag Anomaly: N/A ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Tyre ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908091000.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 48681 Area: Youghal SS: Proposed Ferry Point Outfall ••• Range to Target: 15.59 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 4.74 Meters •• Description: Circular ••• Event Number: 0 anomaly, possible tyre, 0.5m ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908091000 in diameter.

D.P. 7 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:54:30 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.97 Meters 51° 57.49727' N 007° 50.83684' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.32 Meters (X) 579,207.05 (Y) 5,757,026.43 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908095300.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 95864 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 29.59 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 4.35 Meters •• Description: Linear anomaly, ••• Event Number: 0 measuring 4m in length and ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908095300 0.3m in width.

D.P. 6 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:54:16 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 6.31 Meters 51° 57.52858' N 007° 50.82450' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.18 Meters (X) 579,220.26 (Y) 5,757,084.69 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908095300.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 95593 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 17.29 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 4.85 Meters Description: Cluster of three ••• Event Number: 0 seafloor anomalies ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908095300 comprising hollows and

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elevations

D.P. 8 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:54:57 Target Height = 0.19 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 2.50 Meters 51° 57.50464' N 007° 50.89681' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.95 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,138.16 (Y) 5,757,039.02 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908095300.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 96353 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 7.33 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 2.34 Meters •• Description: Unknown ••• Event Number: 0 anomaly 30m from the base of ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908095300 the seawall. shore

D.P. 2 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:59:46 Target Height = 0.11 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.98 Meters 51° 57.54021' N 007° 50.93238' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.24 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.45 Meters (X) 579,096.38 (Y) 5,757,104.30 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908095800.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 101673 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 2.89 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 1.83 Meters •• Description: Probably pipe. ••• Event Number: 0 Measures 4m in length, 0.4m ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908095800 in width and has a 0.24m long shadow. The bulbous end of this anomaly indicates that it is most likely a pipe. Confirmed during site visit as a pipe (plate 25).

D.P. 4 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:59:46 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.95 Meters 51° 57.54467' N 007° 50.93503' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 2.39 Meters (X) 579,093.22 (Y) 5,757,112.53 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Unknown ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908095800.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 101671 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 11.71 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 1.84 Meters •• Description: Cluster of four ••• Event Number: 0 anomalous features. 3.7m in ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908095800 length and 2.4m wide, Located 16m to the north of the existing outfall and adjacent to anomaly DP 3

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D.P. 3 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 08:59:50 Target Height = 0.05 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 1.49 Meters 51° 57.54461' N 007° 50.94320' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.39 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.46 Meters (X) 579,083.86 (Y) 5,757,112.25 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Possible E:\sonar_data090908095800.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 101747 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 14.73 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 2.76 Meters Description: Anomalous ••• Event Number: 0 linear feature, 1.5m in length ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908095800 and 0.5m wide. Discernible in the planar substrate.

Existing Outfall Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 09:01:44 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.53543' N 007° 50.93292' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,095.90 (Y) 5,757,095.43 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: pipeline ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908100000.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 103848 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 11.45 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 3.09 Meters Description: Existing outfall ••• Event Number: 0 covered with rock ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908100000

Terminus of Outfall Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 09:06:20 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.00 Meters 51° 57.54444' N 007° 50.91497' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.00 Meters (X) 579,116.20 (Y) 5,757,112.45 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: pipeline ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Non E:\sonar_data090908100400.xtf Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 108922 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 12.33 Meters Block: ••• Fish Height: 1.98 Meters Description: Terminus of ••• Event Number: 0 Existing Outfall ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908100400

D.P. 1 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 09:05:52 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 3.97 Meters 51° 57.51197' N 007° 50.91394' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 1.53 Meters (X) 579,118.33 (Y) 5,757,052.28 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: buoy ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908100400.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 108405 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 11.55 Meters Block: • Fish Height: 2.15 Meters •• Description: A probable ••• Event Number: 0 anchor and buoy. Definite ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908100400 linear nature to a 4m long portion of this anomaly.

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Should be dived.

D.P. 5 Dimensions ••• Sonar Time at Target: 09/08/2009 09:08:42 Target Height = 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Lat/Lon Coordinates) Target Length: 0.42 Meters 51° 57.56430' N 007° 50.83429' W (WGS84) Target Shadow: 0.00 Meters ••• Click Position (Projected Coordinates) Target Width: 0.50 Meters (X) 579,208.01 (Y) 5,757,150.74 Mag Anomaly: N/A: ••• Map Proj: WGS 1984 UTM, Zone 29 North, Avoidance Area: N/A Meter Classification 1: Tyre ••• Acoustic Source File: Classification 2: Probable E:\sonar_data090908100600.xtf Non Archaeological ••• Ping Number: 111545 Area: Youghal SS: Existing Dunnes Park Outfall ••• Range to Target: 17.22 Meters Block: N/A • Fish Height: 4.68 Meters •• Description: Tyre outside ••• Event Number: 0 survey area ••• Line Name: sonar_data090908100600

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APPENDIX 5 DUNNNES PARK OUTFALL SIDE SCAN SONAR MOSAIC

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APPENDIX 6 DUNNNES PARK OUTFALL CONTACT LOCATIONS

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APPENDIX 7 FERRY POINT PROPOSED OUTFALL SIDE SCAN SONAR MOSAIC

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APPENDIX 8 FERRY POINT PROPOSED OUTFALL CONTACT LOCATIONS

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APPENDIX 9 MAGNETOMETER CONTACT MAP

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