The NATION AL HOR TICULTURAL MAGAZINE

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY

OCTOBER, 1933 The American Horticultural Society

PRESENT ROLL OF OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS March 1, 1933

OFFICERS President,Mr. Robert Pyle, West Grove, Penna. First Vice-President, Mr. Knowles A. Ryerson, 1601 Argonne Place, N. W., Washington, D. C. Second Vice-President, Mrs. Fairf.ax Harrison, Belvoir, Fauquier Co., Va. Secretary, C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, D. C. Treasurer, Roy G. Pierce, 504 Aspen Street, N. W ., Washington, D. C.

DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1934 Mrs. Clement S. Houghton, Chestnut F. J. Crider, Superior, Ariz. Hill, Mass. Mrs. Mortimer Fox, Peekskill, N. Y. Mrs. Horatio Gates Lloyd, Haver­ Mr. F. L. Mulford, Washington, D. C. ford, Pa. Mrs. Silas B. Waters, Cincinnati, O. Mr. D. Victor Lumsden, Washington, Dr. Earl B. White, Kensington, Md. D. C. Terms Ex piring in 1935 Mr. J. Marion Shull, Chevy Chase, Mr. Fairm·an R. Furness, Media, Pa. Md.

THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Pubtished by and for the Society B. Y. MORRISON, Editor

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Mr. Alfred Bates Mrs. J. Norman Henry Dr. Clement G. Bowers Mrs. Francis King Mrs. C. 1. DeBevoise Miss Frances Edge McIlvaine Dr. W . C. Deming Mr. Carl Purdy Mr. Sherman R. Duffy Mr. C. A. Reed Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox Mr. J. Marion Shull Mr. Arthur D. Slavin

SOCIETIES AFFILIATED WITH THE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 1933 Alexandria, Virginia, Garden Ouh, Bethesda Community Garden Club, Mrs. Francis Carter, President, Mrs. SmitJh, Episcopal High School, Bethesda, Md. Alexandria, Va. Blackstone G3Jrden Club, American Amaryllis Society, Mrs. A. G. Ingtham, Pres., Wyndham Hayward, Secretary, Wellsville, Virginia. 2240 Fairbanks Avenae, California Garden Oub Federation, Winter Park, Fla. Mrs. Leonard B. Slosson, Pres., American FuchiSia Soe::iety, 426 So. Arden Blvd., Mrs. Elizalbeth Madison, Secretary, Los Angeles, Calif. Oakland, Calif. Chestnut Hill Garden Club, Adult Park Garden Club, Mrs. Edwin S. Webster, Pres., Mrs. William N. Sloan, Pres., 307 Hammond Street, 1434 Hershel Ave., Cincinnati, O. Chestnut Hill, Mass.

Publication Office, 1918 Harford Avenue, Baltimore, Md. Entered as second· class matter January '0, 1932, at the Post Office a t Baltimore, Md., under the Act of August 24, 1912. Chevy Chase (D. C.) Garden Club, Indian Hill Garden Club, Mrs. F . B. Weaver, Mrs. Robert Sattler, Pres., 5324 39th Street, N. W., Varner Road, R. F. D. 1, Sta. M., Washington, D. C. Cincinnati, O. Chevy Chase (Md.) Garden Club, Kennedy Heights Garden Club, Mrs. T. H. MacDonald, Mrs. Grace Golay, Cor. Sec'y, 520 Maple Ridge Road, 6514 T yne Ave., Cincinnati, O. Bethesda, Md. Lake Forest Garden Club, Civic Study Club, Lake Forest, Ill. Mrs. O. R. Bruson, Secretary, Lake Washington Garden Club, Michigan, N. D. Mrs. Don H. P almer, President, Fairfax Garden Club, 6956 55th Ave., South, Mrs. L. P. Tayloe, Secretary, Seattle, Wash. Vienna, Virginia. Montgomery Suburban Garden Club, James c. Dulin, Jr., President, Fairfield Garden Club 325 High St., Friendship Hgts., Mrs. John R. Reyburn, Chevy Chase, Md. 523 Old Post Road, Fairfield, Conn. Northern Nut Growers' Association, Carl F. Walker, Pres., Federated Garden Clubs of Cincinnati and Cleveland Heights, Ohio. Vicinity, Mrs. Silas B. Waters, President PennsyJvania Nut Growers' Association, 2005 Edgecliff Point, Cincinnati, O. John W . Hershey, Secretary, Downington, Penna. Galesburg Horticultural Improvement So­ P otomac Rose Society, ciety, L. M. Clarke, Secretary, C. Z. Nelson, Secretary, 2440 Monroe St., N. E., 534 Hawkinson Ave., Galesburg, Ill. Washington, D. C. Garden Club of Cincinnati, Rock Garden Scx;.iety of Ohio, Mrs. H. W . Nichols, Mrs. Frank Seinsheimer, Treasurer, 2345 Madison Road, 3421 Middleton Ave., E . Walnut Hills, Cincinnati, O. Clifton, Cincinnati, O. Garde.n Club of Buzzard's Bay, Shaker Lakes Garden Club, Mrs. M. W. Wilcox, Pres., Mrs. Frank B. Stearns, 350 Union St., New Bedford, Mass. 15830 S. Park Blvd., ShJ.ker Hills, Clevel

Vol. 12 Copyrigh t, 1933, by T HE AMERICAN HORTICULTURAL SOCiETY No.4

OCTOBER, 1933

Horticulrural Features at A Century of P rogress. By FRANK K. BALTHIS ...... 281 A Garden of Pentstemons. By D. M. ANDREWS ...... 284 Dwarf Roses. By KATHERINE FORDING FELLOWS .__ ...... _ ...... 293 Brodiaea. By CARL PURDy ...... _...... 299 Forms of P ine-II. By ARTHUR D. SLAVIN . ... _...... _...... 307 Report of the L ily Conference of 1933. By HELEN M. Fox ...... __ ...... _. 317 Notes on Bu:lbous I ris. By CHARLES E. F . GERSDORFF ...... 325 T he Idealist ,in the Ga·rden ...... _...... 330 The Chayote. By ROBERT A. yOUNG_...... _.. .. ._ ...... 337 The ABC's of Rock Gardening-IV. By ALICE MINER...... 343 Selecting and Grafting New Varieties of N ut T rees in Pennsylvanja- By G. A . ZIMlI'lERMAN ...... _...... _...... _...... 356 A Book or Two...... _ ...... _...... _._...... _...... 360

T he Gardener's Pccketbook:

Btuldleia alte1'11.ifolia. By MRS. ]. NORMAN HENRy...... 361 Kena1,edya 1'0stl'aia 111ojor. By MRS. ]. NORMAN HENRy...... 362 Rananculus calandrinlioides. By H. S. BOOTHMAN ...... 363 Gentiana p01'phyrio. By ANNIE L. R. CLEMENT ...... " ...... 364 My Mystery Plant. By MARION L. HUGHES...... 366 HhodJodendron fragrantissimum. By ERIC WALTHER ...... 366 P1'i111f/;tla pttlvenb&enta. By IVAN N . ANDERSON ...... 368 U1'ceolim,(J, nviniat.a ...... 369 Abelia fioribtmda. By ERIC vV ALTHER ...... 370 Iris Danfordiae ...... 372 T he Periils of Hunting Hardy Perenn.ials. By STEPHE..L'I HAMBLIN ...... 372

Published quarterly by The American Horticultural Society. P ublication office, 1918 H arford Ave., Baltimor e, Md. Editorial office, 116 Chestnu t Str eet , T akoma Park . D. C. Contrib u tions from a ll members are cordiall y invited and should be sent to the Editor ial office. Adver t ising Manager, M r. J. S. Elms, P. O. Box 27, Kensington. Md. A su bscription to the magazine is included in the a nn ual d ues of all members, to non·m embers the price is seventy·five cents the copy, t hree do l· lars a year. [ii ] Ka~'f1namkFabry An outdoor rock garden, arranged by the William, 0111.an Nursery Company (above). An historical Italiatn garden by Charles Fiore, Landscape Archi- tect, at the rear of the Horticultural Bu.ilding. Horticultural Features at A Century of Progress

By FRANK K . BALT HIS

H orticulturists vlsltmg A Century laid out. The building erected, the of Progress who have visited our gardens arranged together have be­ former World's Fairs will probably come one of the chid attractiotls of be amazed at the apparent lack of the Fair, ~ nd at this date, are in­ any extensive lands·cape eff ects at creasingly popular. H orti cul turists the present Fair. H owever, there are as a group somehow fail ed to reali ze features which are worthy of men­ the importance the building and tion, but inasmuch as there was not grounds would assume and conse­ suffi cient space for great mass plant­ quently very few national horticul­ ing, ei:ther as foundation planting tural organi zations have taken part. or to exhibit what may be accom­ Nevertheless Chicago fl ori sts, the plished with typical bedding plants, large parks, and individuals have the effects are hardly comparable to aided in every possible way to make those obtained at St. Louis in 1904. the displays a success. Yet there are bits of planting here Mr. J ohn Servas, Di rector of the and there that are worthy of men­ interior displays in the H orticultural tion. The object of A Century of Building, conceived the idea. of stag­ Progress was to present the advance ing a series of dioramic replicas of of industry during the past hundred garden accents, scenes of interest to years, and this has been done in the gardeners and lovers of beauty, such indust ries but H orticulture is excluded. as a Tropical View, a bit of the In­ In the beginning the F air offici als diana Sand Dunes, a F ern Dell , a Des­ stated that no room would be avail­ er;!: G3!rden, a Mountain Stream with able for extensive horticultural proj­ suggestive plantings, interiors show­ ects, and so horticulture received at­ ing the proper method of fl oral dec­ tention from only a small group of orations, and others of equal interest. enthusiasts. L ater, a committee with These di oramas ranged from the Mrs. \\Talter Brewster as Chairman large, ·central space 66 feet long and was appointed to consider the ad­ 25 feet deep, to the smaller size of visability of arranging a continuous 25 feet wide and the same length. They fl ower show during the peri od of the have been quite successfu l and from Fair. This fell throug h on account comments heard among visitors are of a lack of funds and a suitable much enj oyed. place to stage a show that would be The mai nrt: ena Dtce of a continuous truly representative. Later on a flower show has demonstrated that small g roup of showmen, not horti­ to be eminently successful a con­ culturists, conceived the plan of tinuous supply of materials mLl st be erecti ng a building to house a fl ower at hand. The lateness of the under­ show, commercial exhibi ts, with a taking prevented the national hows fo ur acre plot adjoining on which a trom bei ll g held in the bu il d i ng, but seri es of small gardens would be many of the large flowe r e tablish- [28 11 282 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 ments have seen to it that flowers uous shrubs, with a foreground of were always ready when the changes miscellaneous per.ennials and annuals. were made. The value of these A California hacienda, with its low­ flower shows as a means of educa­ walled garden containing many trop­ tion and advertising cannot be ques­ ical plants and typical architecture, tioned for the attendance has reached is a pleasing feature. However, as a about 15,000 daily. Considering the popular a'ttraction, the rose garden jact that these visitors come from with its formal design and 6,500 all parts of America makes it pos­ plants of 104 varieties, has astound­ sible to instantly recognize the fact ed the visitor and has given a new that they carry away information impetus to this important plant. that could not have been presented There h:as been an a:bundance of in any other way. bloom since early June and a quar­ The outdoor gardens are, for the ter of a million people have regis­ most part, suggested as studies for tered their names as being especially the average gardener who has only interested in these plants. a city lot to embellish. As an ex­ Strangely, the public se€ms rTlore ample, several Japanese Gardens, atrtracted no the showy garden contain­ wiith their unique lanterns, miniature ing an undulating surface, meander­ bridges, tea houses, and vegetation ing stream, and a · miscellaneous present a real outdoor laboratory for planting of rockery plants, aquatics, observing these gardens. Aquatic a millwheel, tea house and other gardening is represented by a good physical appurtenances than one display from Trickers, Inc., and by sev­ which is adapted to their own use, eral formal plantings in basins in but sllch is the case. The Millpond special gardens. A large Italian gar­ Garden is quite extensive and meets den by Charles Fiore furnished the the approval of the visitor. Vaughan's central division of the garden groups Seed Store exhibit is noteworthy for -this garden contained statuary, the great variety of flowering plants masses of everygreens, formal peren­ and . comments are frequently heard nial plantations, four large basins, that " I want a blaze of flowers just and two aHees of tall Lombardies like that." There can be no gain­ and Arbor Vitae excited more than saying the fact that these gardens passing interest. An j\ ppletree Gar­ are among the most educational of den designed by Mr. Kenneth Bangs, any exhibit on the Fair Grounds. L.A., was pronounced one of the" The entire display is said to be the finest examples of a backyard gar­ best of any at the Fair. den retreat. Only one attempt was 'Dhe display of Gladiolus at this made to utilize the old-time ' carpet time has reached the height of flow­ bedding with the usual collection of ering perfection. The plots contain­ AlternanJthera, Santolina, Echeveria. ing the plants are lo·cated where and kindred plants. Three men's every visitor must see them and the garden c I u b s -rt he Men's Garden arrangement is for color harmony-­ Clubs of the Chicago Region-de­ ea·ch hue being placed by itself but signed and executed a typical infor­ represented by many varieties. An mal backyard garden. It included a interesting feature is plots of the ba·ckgroundof evergreens and decid- new originations by various firms of Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 283 national prominence; the colors are nished a real O range Grove, a small bewildering, but it has g iven the plot fill ed with Sugar Cane and visitor the opportunity of knowing fmiting Pineapples, the latter prov­ what advance has been made with ing a living object lesson to the un­ this important group of plants. initiated by demonstrating the fact that this luscious· fruit grows on a A large section is devoted exclu­ low, acaulescent plant and not on sively to Dahlias; 5,000 roots, all trees. The orange trees were stand­ accurately named, and containing the ard as to size, shipped ready boxed, outstanding older kinds, with a large and contain a considerable number representation of the newer varieties, of fruits, ~uch to the enj oyment of make the display particularly educa­ the hot-house gardener. tional and worth while. The culture of these plants is in the hands of ex­ A group of Seminole Indians, with their primitive mode of habitations, pert gardeners, men who are thor­ oughly familiar with their habits is one of the groups engaged by the Florida Commission, and to make and who are available at all times to all more reali stic several fruiting Co­ supply competent information. conut Palms guard the entrance to Many buildings which house ex­ the eX'hibit. Within the enclosure hibits by the great industrial firms several leafl ess trees have been are surrounded by groups of trees, clothed with various Tillandsias and such CLS Crataegus, Elms, and OItiher other Bromeliads, indicative of well known species and varieties. In southern vegetation. addition, certain firms have contrib­ Beds of fl owering annuals are met uted something to horticulture by ar­ with in the most unexpected places, ranging unique displays of flo wering but on the whole the space is so lim­ plants, such as the excellent effect ited that none of the broad vistas, obtained by mass planting of lav­ great masses alTanged for founda­ ender Petunias in large formal beds tion planting. sCI-o il work or exten­ to harmonize with the colors of the sive carpet bedding will be seen. The buildings. lawns are surprisingly good when Small, inclosed gardens have been it is considered that they were cre­ arranged by the various states in ated 'S ince only last spring. In fact, connection with their inter-ior dis­ the lateness of the season, and the plays. T'he Florida patio contains a hurry incident to the advanced large formal garden with numerous date of the opening, made it neces­ plants that are commonly used in sary to bring in mJany thousand that warm country. Especially col­ yards of sod from the blue hills of orful are the great specimens of Kentucky and practicall y arrange a Crotons or Codeums, as they are ready made lawn". As the season ad­ botanically known. Gardens of this vances into the cooler weather of type lend variety and give the north­ autumn the glare of the Illinois sun erner an opportunity to learn some­ wi ll be tempered with the long thing of the design used, the type of stretches of verdant green which will plants, and the effect generally ob­ be softening to the eye and arouse tained. The Florida in terests fur- a feeling of intense pleasure_ A Garden of Pentstemons

By D. M. ANDREWS

A treasure, not buried nor hidden, cation which must occur within but proclaimed by its absence from these groups when species are based most of our gardens, is the pent­ upon minor characters. N or does stemon. every member of this variform clan The rumor that pentstemons are attain to a high standard of excel­ short-lived in the garden is at least lence. It is well also, to consider cul­ equivalent to "faint praise," but the tural facility in submitting any list condemnation may have been given of wildlings for the garden, and these too much credence. The appeal of values should be arrived at by actual these charming westerners is so var­ trial, rather than by any process of ied and so irresistible that it seems reasoning. worth while to set aside prejudice, The pentstemons of the Colorado and if possible come to "know our mountains and plains are sufficiently pen tstemons." representative to embrace about all Differences of environment which the essential subdivisions, with the occur in the wild are always to be possible exception of the shrubby considered significant when plants forms of the extreme west. More­ are brought into cultivation. The over, these inland forms, developed western distribution of pentstemons under the combined influence of alti­ so exceeds that of the eastern states tude and a northern latitude, are of that it seems to place added emphasis utmost hardiness. Authentic records upon the ·dictum of environment. of fifty to sixty degrees below zero Surely, it is a fair inference that this are not unknown in the mountain galaxy of beautiful forms has found regIOn. in the west a set of conditions very The environmental difference be­ much to their individual liking. tween the eastern states and the The total number of western spe­ Rocky Mountain region is mainly that cies, conservatively estimated at well of moisture. The relation of mois­ above one hundred, have for their ture, or the lack of it, to altitude has habitat about every possible environ­ interesting phases; but the simple ef­ ment from the Pacific coast line to fect of altitude is to shorten the the high peaks and valleys of the growing season. Due to this, moun­ Rocky Mountains and the dry plains tain plants mature earlier and conse­ extending to the eastward. quently are hardier than sea-level As should be expected, these plants plants of the same latitude. Plants and their flowers show a diversity al­ adapt themselves so promptly that ac­ most unparalleled. Obviously a re­ climatization is accomplished with fa­ lationship must exist, which resolves cility between sea level and 5,000 to the total number of species into sev­ 7,000 feet above, or vice versa. The eral well-defined groups. To this ex­ perfect accommodation of plants to tent the bugbear of mere numbers or from an arid climate is effected gives away. Only consistent repre­ with more difficulty. As this applies sentation is desired, out of the dupli­ with equal import to plants other [284] Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 285 than pentstemon, a proper analysis tion. Their storage facilities are of the conditions and response is of scanty. They have neither tubers, general value. nor yet ' fleshy stems nor other sub­ The annual rainfall of Colorado stance to tide them over depression. varies from about 12 inches on the It would appear that they are a plains to nearly three times that young race ecologically, with these amount in the higher mountain areas. facilities undeveloped. Yet character­ Instead of an actual precipitation of istic of many of them is the lavish one to three inches, month by month, charm of their flow ering. When ~t the seasonal distribution is quite un­ their best this sometimes expends it­ equal. The period favorable to spring self in a climax of performance, growth corresponds very nearly to the which is in truth their undoing. But maximum moisture content of the an hour of glory may rate higher soil, which begins with the accumula­ than useful years; at least it is more tion from winter snows, to which is exciting. added at intervals copious spring It is no uncommon occurrence for rams. a natural colony of P entste111,on uni­ The transition of springtime is latemlis, notably ephemeral, to flour­ progressive in a mountainous region, ish and elnpurple a large area with and from the plains its deliberate pro­ its flowering and then disappear com­ cession to the higher levels occupies pletely until two or three seasons a considerable period of time. The later when renewed by seedlings. In awakening impulses are warmth and the garden such vanishing acts are moisture. The melting of winter apt to be construed as final. Success­ snow clears the deck for action. ful culture must deal with this incon­ When the wet season is so brief, stancy of duration. the period of relative dormancy is There are many devices of nature correspondingly extended. In the whereby plants rank as perennial. All highest mountains this means a win­ the Colorado pentstemons are peren­ ter of added months. Outside the nial, but their mechanism for carry­ mountains but little rain falls from ing on does not invariably function. midsummer to the end of autumn. Being under the necessity of renewing Winter snow is variable, with dry, the rosette or of producing laterals bare ground for extended intervals. or buds from the old crown, a lush Quite surely native plants are sur­ growth at flowering time, followed by vivors, rather than choosers, of such heavy seed production, may result in extremes. Desert plants supply no­ complete exhaustion f rom which there table examples of specialization to is no rallying. A moderate growth meet such conditions. A complete re­ induced by a lean soil and a sparing versal from aridity to excessive Im­ but dependable supply of moisture midity would be fatal in some in­ will afford optimum conditions for stances; but even that child of the the dry-land pecies of the plain s and desert, the cactus, would favor mod­ foothills. The mountain an d alpine eration, as opposed to deprivation. types are more tolerant of moisture. Perfect drainage is of necessity a rela­ A medium loam, inclining to sandi­ tive condition. ness yet firm, with provision for good The pentstemons of the plains and drainage and with full sun , wi ll ac­ foothills occupy an anomolous posi- comm odate all species. 286 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

In hun,id climates their winter care mountain elevations. When brought must include good surface drainage. down to the garden the mountain A warm, sunny slope, or an eleva­ forms flower a month to six weeks tion of the rockery, or the edge of a earlier, so that June is the gala month. terrace will best provide for this. The festivity is heralded by floral Where- alternations of temperature trumpets of white, pink, lilac, laven­ are extreme, a loose open mulch of der, blue, purple and scarlet. From evergreen boughs or excelsior will tiny rock-creepers, their stature varies prove beneficial. to three or four feet. Their range There are two, and perhaps three of altitude is from the plain, 4,000 to ways, to have a good display of pent­ 5,000 feet, to alpine summits of stemons. Either method is quite as 12,000 to 13,000 feet. As to mois­ sure as our provision for many other ture, some are abstemious, while flowers. One may start with plants most of the mountain species wel­ or with seeds. The first is to employ come the refreshment of daily show­ nature's method, avoiding those ers which prevail during the early known to be short-lived. After flow­ summer. In their preference for ering take care to remove old sterns sweet or acid soil, they are probably promptly, stir the soil and water if circumneutral, without antipathy to very dry. When the formation of either. buds or laterals is evident, further ac­ The amount of moisture required tivity should not be encouraged. by a pI-ant is of all its needs the most A second method is to remove the difficult to prescribe. It becomes, stems and transplant to a new posi­ then, the one major factor which the tion. Protect or shade until reestab­ grower must acquire through expe­ lished and then remove all covering. rience. In the case of new and un­ A cold frame may give the best solu­ tried plants this factor calls for a tion for wintering in severe climates. rare discernment of vegetative well­ From the cold frame they may be being if failures are to be avoided. planted -out before growth is much With a fair knowledge of a plant's advanced. habitat this sort of e..-x:p.Joration is not A third method, which provides al­ too difficult, and brings within the ways a supply of vigorous young reach of every garden the joys of dis­ plants, is to devote a small space each covery and mild adventure, with autumn to the growing of seedlings. sufficient promise of success. -The seeds should be sown before In the brief descriptions of the winter in a seed bed or cold frame, salient species of Colorado, the moun­ to germinate in the spring and flow­ tain pentstemons comprise about one­ er the second summer. Spring or half of the total number, and seem summer sowings are not recommend­ slightly more amenable to garden con­ ed, as the seeds apparently require ditions. Those of the foothills and the action of frost. If not crowded, plains are .considered together as hav­ the seedlings grow rapidly, and ing the same moisture requirements. should be transplanted to nursery bed In my Colorado garden both groups when large ·enough to handle. are grown under overhead sprays as The season of pentstemon is from an 1l1surance a g a ins t excessive May to August; the later date cover­ drought. ing the end of the procession at Of those described not all are at Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURE MAGAZI NE 287

P entste1%On a1I~gustifolius once available. The surest way to ers dull-white. A neat plant of good bring them permanently into cultiva­ habit and well worth growing, al­ tion is to call for them whenever though the flowers lack the clarity offered. that would make it an indispensable. Pentste1'1lon angustifolius. Syn. P. P. ambiguus. Eighteen inches, dif­ coe1'uleus. Less than one foot tall, fusely branched, flowers rose-white, short-stemmed spikes of clear coenl­ sandy plains. Of di stinct and grace­ lean blossoms with rosy buds. Cer­ ful habit, easi ly grown. tainly the most charming of the plains P. E1'ial1therlls. Syn. P. cristatus. species; early flowering, with very Stout, leafy, dwarf, the flowers of glallcolls foliage. largest size, lavender to lilac or P. alb£dus. About one foot, flow- purple. One of the most lo\'ely, COI11- 288 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

ing to the edge of Colorado from the let of its flowers is intense. Of easy plains of Wyoming. A single attempt culture, but should be divided and at cultivation was unsuccessful and transplanted after flowering, or re­ further experiment is necessary. newed from seeds which grow read­ Pentstel1tOn grandifiorus approaches ily. Another scarlet-flowered speci€s the border of Colorado from N e­ is P. Trichander. In the garden it braska and from Oklahoma. Its 3- grows equally well, seems a little foot stems bear the most superb trum­ more permanent, and is very florifer­ pets of royal purple. It grows read­ ous. It comes from the Mesa Verde, ily from seed and the young rosettes in south-western Colorado. Here also transplant easily. Here certainty is found the semi-shru'bby P. Eatoni, ceases, for the story has failed to also bearing scarlet flowers, but its realize a happy ending within my lim­ garden behavior is unknown. ited experience. A soil test from the P. unilateralis is a tall plant, excep­ Nebraska station was alkaline, P. tionally floriferous in shades of blue Erianthe1'us, ditto. Lime may be the and purple. Has been proposed as a answer for both species. cut flower, but is short-lived. Pentste11'wn secundifiorus belongs Of the mountain types, P. alpinus to the foothills and plains. It has is outstanding. It may be considered thick glaucous foliage, and the rosy a species of many forms and extended lilac blossoms have a broad limb and range, from the high mountains to face in one direction. It attains 15 the plain, or else one may separate to 18 inches, is rather easily grown the form which extends out upon the and fairly permanent. Its subspecies, plain, under the name, P. glaber. P. lavendulus, is found much higher Other synonyms also have been based in the mountains, is more slender, upon fancied differences, but all dif­ lower, and forms clumps of many ferencies merge more or less com­ stems. A dependable plant of rock pletely when the plants are cultivated. garden proportions. Its habit is compact, and in the moun­ Pentste111,on strictus, and its allied tains few-flowered and very dwarf. form, P. st1'ictifor111.is, belong to the The plains form attains nearly two rather arid mountain parks or broad feet. The flowers are large, deep valleys. Easily grown, but not long­ blue, and in the garden the plant is lived, they are of the habit of P. un·i­ enormously productive. After its lateralis, but more slender, having orgy of flowering it has the discon­ one-sided racemes of blue-purple certing way of making its exit after flowers to two feet tall. Its inflated ripening a quantity of seed. It fre­ perianth is characteristic. quently self-sows. p e1~tste11'/;On Torreyi of the Colo­ P entstemon Crandallii is a gem rado foothills and lower mountain from one particular mountain valley. valleys, is quite distinct from the Isolated from its kind at a high alti­ Texas or Mexican species, P. barba­ tude and under severe climatic stress, tus, sometimes erroneously hsted as it has developed a supreme indiffer­ P. barbatus, var. T01'1'eyi. The Colo­ ence to ordinary hardship. It is at rado plant is less than three . feet, once a charming thing in the rock flowers earlier, and differs in foliage, garden and dependable as well. The the rosette leaves being broad and most alpit1e of several mat-forming tinged purple underneath. The scar- species, of which P. caespitosus is Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 289

P entste111.,on s ec~mdifioru s

the type, it spreads its evergreen car­ plant found on moist slopes, and pet of minute foliage, which is sub­ rarely exceeds ten inches. Its color merged in June with a myriad of is lavender and it is easily grown. small bells in shades of lavender. It Pentstemon Hallii. A charming al­ roots deeply and abundantly from pine of six-inch stature from the each runner, and is reliably perennial. mountains of central Colorado. The P entste1110n gracilis is a slende: clumps of several slender stems bear 290 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

P entste11'Lon caes pitosus

a Flumber of large inflated flowers of small blue flowers, and are found at deep- blue. Easily grown and quite rinflorescence of it dominates whole hillsides with Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 291

Pentste11'LOn virens sheets of blue, the color in the aggre­ are clear pink or rose, and often are gate quite far removed from violet or very beautiful. Complete albinism is purple. more frequent, resulting III pure Here it may be mentioned paren­ white. thetically, that the critical observer Pentste11wn virens is dwarf, 6e will discover in the flowers of blue flower stems, 8 to 12 inches in height, pentstemons, so called, traces of springing freely from the mat-like purple or red. In the expanded limb clumps of dark green foliage. It is of the flower the blue predominates, of utmost value for the garden, as it so that the general effect may be quite is easily grown, increases freely, so truly blue. Partial albinism may oc­ that it renews itself with much cer­ cur, resulting in the omission of all tainty. A pure white variety is in the blue cells. The flowers of such cultivation. Oct., 1933 292 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

Lilian A. Guernsey [See page 369] U1'ceoz.ina miniata Dwarf Roses

By KATHERINE FORDING FELLOWS

A little rose for the rock garden! suit our needs. To come suddenly For a long time this was an unful­ upon a colony of them blooming filled hope and then along came Rosa gayly gives one the sensation of Rouletti and our ardent wish was having discovered a haunt of the gratified. The surprising thing was, fairies. that it is more to be desired than Finding so much pleasure in grow­ anything we had dared to imagine. ing Rouletti and belonging to the It is suited to the rock garden, being class that "never is, but always-to-be­ a mll1nart:ul1e, well proportioned in blest,'" it was natural to want other branch and leaf, full of li fe, and midget roses and thus with a mind easily grown from cuttings. Little turned to roses I have gone about plants, newly rooted, will begin bloom­ like the inquiring reporter and have ing when but two or three inches had some success. Certain people high. The little double fl owers are advocate that if you wish earnestly rose-pink in color, measuring about enough for anything, you will get it! a half inch across, the center being Be thart: as irt: may, I wished and right yellow. It blooms continuously from out of the blue came another little May until frost takes the buds in rose. On February 20th, when the November. The foliage is especially ground was white with snow, the good and very persistent, some of the postman brought me a package con­ leaves remaining on all winter. At taining three little rose bushes in full one time this last winter, the ther­ bloom. They came from a man in mometer registered thirty degrees be­ Florida who had read that I had low zero and the plants were not Rouletti and who wished to know if harmed. his rose was the same. It was not. There is something SoQ ipresiSitible Although of the midget class, it about this jewel-like rose that people grows somewhat taller. Six inches who are not much given to gardening is supposed to be the limit with fall down before it. Mr. Correvon Rouletti while the new rose has grown says that it belongs to the India group to nine inches and may grow even a but that no one knows its history. A little taller as it gets established. The friend of his found it growing in a flowers are not much larger and open little Swiss village where it was used about the same color, but while as a house plant, being counted too Rouletti fades to a li ghter color, thi precious to risk outside in their cold rose holds its color better and instead winters. Mr. Con-evon succeeded in of a yellow center, the tiny petals getting cuttings, thus propagating and are gathered tight in the center, giving di s.tributing it, and naming it for it the appearance of the old hundred Colonel Roulet-the friend who had leaved rose in minature. In both told him about it. cases the flower are borne on single A rosarian might be scornful of stems rather than in clusters, and both such a tiny rose but we rock garden­ are everblooming. R ollletti is a rogu­ ers will welcome such roses. a they i h little prite smiling up at you [293) 294 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

while the · other is on more slender find in the lists today many alluring and graceful lines, the flower stems descriptions of little roses, some of being a little longer. which ar~ comparatively new and This spring I bought a rose listed others which while not new are sel­ as Lawranceana and, so far, it seems dom seen. In making a list of those the same as the one from Florida. I will mention, I have given first This rose was named for a Miss Mary place to Cecil Brunner-also called Lawrance of London, El1!gland, who "Sweetheart Rose," and sometimes made exquisite paintings of it. Earlier referred to as the "Fairy Rose." these roses were used as edgings and After making the acquaintance of the were popular but they were lost track true Fairies, one can easily distinguish of until recently they are again at­ a difference between these and other tracting attention. They are said to little roses. Cecil Brunner-one of be found occasionally in some of the the daintiest- is enough larger to be old gardens of the South. classed as a primary while the fairies Pompon de Paris. This rose is are but kinderglartners, so small that listed with the "Fairy Roses" but as they need to be in numbers in order to growth and blossom it is about a to make any display. size larger than Lawranceana. The Cecile Brunner, as an individual flowers measure about an inch across flower, is much more pretentious. It and are deep pink in color. I t is is beautiful as to form and color and everblooming also. has fragrance. An opening bud Is A rose came to me from a garden exquisite and the open flmver is 'deep in Virginia under the name of " Chi­ shell pink at the center. These flowers nensis-111.ini111,a." It is very diffe;;;-nt come in cluslter's and bloom II:hrouglh ..-.'----"'-----]n appea:raJl.1JCe fl'rom t 1e precedmg the summer. I feel fortunate 111 ones. The individual leaves are even possessing a dozen plants and as they smaller and of a more vivid green. grow easily from cuttings, I plan to From its manner of growth, it seems have more as I belong to the class to have a wandering root and may which Dr. McFarland so humorously form little colonies. It bloomed when describes as capable of getting a twig hut six inches high but has since to emit roots at one end and leaves then grown two inches taller. The at the other. This rose belongs to flow€r is double-a delicate pink-and the group known as Polyantha and the petals are narrow and heart there are many in this class from shaped. As yet it has not been free which we may choose. with its biossoms but may do better Baby poll is another dainty Poly­ when it feels at home. The buds are antha-also listed as Ti I2-Top .. Neither rounder and fuller than the other name seems to sart:isfy me. The latter midgets and the flowers measure one is too commercial sounding and the inch across. former does not seem dignified enough Besides these elfin-like roses there for so lovely a flower. The buds are are certain others that seem, to me, c1e~p yellow and bright pink at the suitable for the small garden. I am end. As the flower unfolds, it is not a rosarian or a judge of roses­ bright with color but when fully open just an amateur growing the roses appears a white rose whose petals that give me most pleasure and that ·have been splashed with bright pink are suited to our cold winters. We and there is a yellow glow from Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 29S within which lights it up beautifully. paratively new in the garden but in It is very double and measures about this, its first season, it has been out­ two inches across. It blooms contin­ standing and for rich color and free uously and freshly opened flowers blooming it ranks high. It is dwarf seem all dressed up in ruffles. in growth and the foliage is good. La Marne. I have been growing The flowers are deep scarlet and the this rose for seven years and time clusters of blossoms make a mass of makes me value it the more. While brilliant color, lasting very well. The it is a Polyantha, it is stronger grow­ petals are often quilled like little ing and has larger leaves than the cactus dahlias and I have observed preceding ones. The semi-double the quilled effect especially when the flowers are blush-white, edged with flowers are cut and stand in water. bright pink, and the outside of the I have noil:iced that when the plant petals is the same deep pink. I have has been covered with clustered blos­ seen the rose described as single, but soms, this is foHawed by flowers on with me it has ten petals and many single stems as though the plant was flowers have two more short ,petals conserving its strength for the next which give a hooded effect to the grand diplay. yellow stamens. As the flowers grow Golden Salmon. A mass of these old the stamens change to brown; the 'trowel's ~s as bright as a bonfire. old blossoms fade but do not fall The flowers q.!re small and in clusil:ers and so need to be clipped off. Some but extremely bright and hold the count this a fauh but I have nothing color. They are not good mixers and but praise for this rose and count if, placed with rose color-all is on it for cutting all through the sum­ spoiled. Rightly placed they giv,e a mer. New plants from cuttings begin glowing color that is attractive. blooming when but eight or ten inches Baby Tausendschi::in. This rose has tall and well established plants are in been described as a dwarf form of bloom quite continuously. The foliage the clim,bing Tausendschi::in . Like the is dark and of a heavy texture, climber it is thornless and the flowers making a low mass from which the which are in clusters vary in color­ flower stems rise from fifteen to ing-in the same cluster are white, eighteen inches. The fl ower clusil:ers pink, and rose. The buds have a fine are large, often carrying from fifteen silky texture and the flowers are to thirty flowers. Some plants which frilled. The rose listed as Echo must have only morning sun are colored be similar if not the same. exquisitely, reminding me of crab­ ~ Katharina Zeimet. Have grown this apple bloslsoms. They Cl!re very fra­ rose for some time. It is pure white grant and keep well when cut. and the small , fragrant double fl owers Jessie. This rose was purchased at come in clusters. I have enjoyed it the same time as La Marne and has but have wanted one more dwarf as proven very dependable. The fl owers the fl ower stems are often two feet are brighIt crimson and are in cluSll:ers tall. George Elger was recommended -the individual flow er being small. as being white when open , The buds A group of these plants provide at­ are very yell ow but when open the tractive color all summer and are flower is but cream color. Its form fine for cutting. is beautiful but with \l1 e it wilts when Ebloui santo A rose that is com- cut. 296 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

I am growing some China roses dwarf with a strong branching habit which are small and interesting. Her­ and blooms freely. The color is mosa, we are told, has been a fawnte variable according to the weather. '-:f"Ortl1r-ee generatiol1!S. The 'Plants are In late summer it takes on extra small and bushy and bloom the sea­ color. son through. The flowers are double F oliolosa. This rose is often spoken and are borne in sprays and also on crt' as -e little Texas rose. It is a single stems. The color is a pleasing diminutive species with single, white pink flowers. The leaves are very narrow A vase filled with the dainty flowers and of a shiny, heavy texture which of Laurette Messimy makes a pleasing with its graceful manner of growth pictiire. - Color, form, and fragrance g.ives it a willQIW-like appearance. It all score high with me. The color is does not wear its thorns conspicuously bright pink with a yellow glow from and art first I thought it did not have within which brightens it up con­ any. There is but one flower to a siderably. The center is filled with stem and they measure about two yellow stamelliS cupped by some short inches across-seeming large for the petals. It is a rarther loose flower and plant, which grows from eight to has an airy grace that makes it quite fifteen inches tall according to the elegant. .soil. It has a long period of bloom. Cramoisi Superieur is even smaller Nitida. This little species is native dian Laurette Messimy and differs to------our north-eastern-- states and is also as to form and color. It has reported to grow as far north as N ew­ more petals but is not fluffy and the foundland, so we do not need to color is a deep, velvety crimson­ question its being hardy. I believe very lovely. it, with foliolosa, is to be counted Anort:her rose liSited with the Chinas precious. The flowers are small, only is Viridiflora. This is the green rose about an inch across, and one to a --=-a Qwarf, everblooming plant. The stem. They are deep rose in color­ buds oome in ch.l'Slters, quite smart two rows of petals and a rather large looking and full of promise but open center. It has the everblooming habit up-a joke. Instead of the soft, and the foliage colors beautifully in delicate petals you have imagined, they late summer. Because it is small, one are of a heavy texture, leaf-like, needs several plants to make a display. having the appearance of a wreath of S pitha11'/,ea. Another little rose na­ leaves brought together at the center. tive to the U. S. comes from Cali­ It keeps up appearance in everbloom­ fornia. Mr. Purdy says it grows ing fasbion and there are always plentifully on his place and is seldom nice buds to show your friends. I higher than four or five inches. The believe that Mother Nature loves a flowers are single and pink As I joke and I do too. Don't you? had heard the name questioned, I Gruss an Aachen is a Polyantha asked Mr. Purdy as to that and he rose but the individual flower is so said it was the name given by Sereno large and beautiful that one could Watson in the Grew Herbarium and easily believe it to be a Tea Rose. that Doctor Jepson also uses it in his The buds are orange-red and yellow late botany of California. My plant but the flowers open a flesh pink with was purchased in the fall of '31. It a touch of salmon. The plant is grew rather indifferently last season Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 297

but this year has been thrifty but did form of this rose f-ever and began not bloom. I will expect blossoms studying ,the subject. I am now another year. using them as edgings-for example: Stellata. A small ,rose from New A planting of lrlS has irregular " 1\7rexlco, so~etimes called the desert paths running through it. Just after rose. Baily says that it is not hardy the iris bloomed this season, they were but Mr. D. M. Andrews tells me that cut back and the edges prepared for it is hardy at Boulder, Colorado. low growing roses. Six dozen plants Early this spring I bought a plant were set out, one dozen of each va­ and for a time it prospered and then riety. For all it was June and the calamity overtook it. The leaves weather warm, they started to grow, turned yellow and I lost it-but not putting up new growth and buds. from cold. It is unusual in appear­ They soon began blooming and have ance-not very rose-like as to foliage been all, and more, than I had hoped and I might have mistaken it for a for. More little plants will soon be refined gooseberry. It is very thorny ready to place as I am increasing and the stems are covered with stel­ certain ones which I value most and late hairs which give it a grayish in imagination I can see the beauty color. I have ordered another plant they will contribute another season. and hope for success. Mr. Andrews In the rock garden I am using the says the flowers are deep rose fol­ smallest ones and as their colonies lowed by purplish bur-like fruits and increase they will make their presence that it blooms a long time and likes felt more and more. a dry, sunny place. I use the roses for cut flowers and These little roses have a cheerful as the blossoms fade, I have looked at effect in the garden as most of them them and imagined the growing pos­ give color after the majority of the sibilities in those twigs and have acted garden plants are through blooming. accordingly. Until this season, I have not given Thus my rose borders lengthen and them the attention they deserve but the rose fever mounts higher. suddenly I developed a harmless Belvidere, III. 298 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Lilian A. G~ternsey Brodiaea lactca Brodiaea

By CARL PURDY

This is a wonderfully diversified corm is formed every year. They all group of bulbous plants which is con­ have slender basal leaves, some rounded fined almost to the real Pacific Slope, like grass, others in narrow blades. that is the region in California, Ore­ Similarly all have the floral parts ar­ gon, Washington, and British Colum­ ranged in threes and the flow ers that bia between the ocean and the tops of do not have differentiated parts like the Sierra N evadas and the Cascades. petals and sepals but uniform seg­ Like too many other genera this ments united in a regular. Alike genus has been the plaything of too they have slender, wiry stems or pe­ many, various-minded botanists, much duncles, flow ers in umbels although to the confusion of the student and some look like heads and each flower gardener. When, as a boy, I first be­ on a very slender stem or pedicel. gan to learn of them, I was told of Brodiaeas have wonderful lasting Brodiaea, Milla, Triteleia, Strophol­ quality when cut. They will last for irion, and other genera. Then Baker weeks in water and small buds will made a thorough revision and merged develop and even out of water some nearly all of them into the one genus, of them will last days in a cool at­ Brodiaea. Others have had their turn mo sphere. in reviving the old names or digging Brodiaeas divide well into a number up new ones from musty records very of groups. I give the Group Number much to the discomfiture of the gar­ and following it is the name given it dener or student who cares nothing as a species by Dr. Abrams and some for their quibbles or priorities but others. very much for names that they can GROUP I. CALLIPRORA tie to. In Bailey's Cyclopedia, Baker is followed but with Brodiaea coccinea Brodiaea i:n:oides Wats. The Gold­ as Brevo01'tia and B. volubilis as St1'0- en Brodiaea varies greatly. There are pholirion. In 1923 Dr. Abrams of little subalpines included and various Stanford University, in his "Illustrat­ color or form variations. All are ed Botany of the Pacific States," again pretty but the finest is B . ixioides revives the old names. Dr. Jepson of . splendens H ort., or, according to Ab­ the University of California again, in rams, scabm. It may be eighteen his Manual, merges all under Brod­ inches high with as many as thirty iaea. I prefer to follow him, but for fine flowers. The tube is short and the help of any who have had them the segments spread flatly much like under the varied names, I will give a phlox flower. The color is a fine Dr. Abrams generic name with each yellow with a brownish hand down section. each center. Sierra I evada upper foothills, almost the enti re length. Treating all as a single genus, we find that all have small, flat corms. GRO U P II. HESPEROSCORD U M These corms like those of the gladiol us are entirely absorbed in the growth of Brodiaea. la clea \Vat . in its typical the new plant and an entirely new form is low growing, that is under [299] 300 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 twelve inches. The milky white flow ­ it is even larger than the largest B. ers have a very short tube and a laxa. spreading limb and as many as twenty Brodiaea B1'idgesii Wats. as oftener flowers in an umbel. Widely distrib­ seen wild is not over five to nine uted in northern California. inches high but may be two and one­ Brodiaea lac tea var. lilacinu111, Hort. half feet with very many flowers of a Has larger flowers and varies in color reddish lilac color. The stamens are from white and shades of lilac to deep in a single even row at the top of the bluish lavender. The bulb makes off­ tube. A fine plant. Sierra Nevada sets freely and its forms dense masses, foothills over a long distance. always in decidedly moist to wet BTodiaea peduncularis Wars. differs places. It is found from north cen­ from B. laxa in being w hi te and in tral California to British Columbia. the fact that each pedicel is very long, so that the umbel may be over a foot GROUP III. TRITELEIA across. It is found in places that are B1'odiaea H owellii Wats. is found wet until late, like wet meadows or the from Puget Sound to the Columbia beds of shallow gravelly streams and River Country, east of the Cascades in as it offsets freely, it makes great northeastern Oregon. The umbels clumps. EaS<1:ern Lake County, Cali­ bear from a few to fifteen flowers. fornia. The flowers are rather tubular and a BTodiaea Eastwoodiana - has the deep violet purple. Quite a pretty same habits of growth as P. pedu11cu­ plant. laris Wats. but has short pedicels, B1'odiaea H owellii var. lilaci11a Hort. making a narrow compact umbel. is like the type but larger flowered White. From southeastern Lake Coun­ and of an exquisite porcelain tinge. ty where it is plentiful, to eastern Always in moist grounds and one of Mendocino and north Sonoma Coun­ the prettiest brodiaeas. ties, California, where it is very rare. B1'odiaea laxa Wats. has flowers In Oregon and \1\,1 ashington, mostly one and one-half inches or more long east of the Cascades in the drier inte­ with a funnel shaped tube two-thirds rior, there is another distinctive group their length and spreading limbs. of Brodiaeas. While in poor soils they may be six Brodiaea Do~(glasii Wats. is from inches high and few-flowered, in rich nine inches to two feet in height and soils they may be two and one-half few to many-flowered. The rather feet high and I have had them with smaller flowers are narrowly funnel­ ninety flowers. shaped and are a light blue vergin on The color in the type is a violet light porcelain. A pretty species found purple. B. laxa, Blue King, may be east of the Cascades in as far as Utah Jepson's variety T1'a,c},i and is a and Montana. deep blue. Very lovely. B. ca11dida Brodiaea C1'ocea Wats. is a slender, Baker or B. laxa var. candida Jepson rich-yellow flowered species with is distinct in the fact that all of the smallish flowers with rather spread­ pedicels are abruptly bent at the sum­ ing segments. Extreme southern Ore­ mit so that all of the flowers face in gon and northern California. one direction. It is white in some lo­ B1'odiaea H endeno11ii Wats. is a calities but oftener a soft lilac near little stouter than the last with widely porcelain and very lovely. At its best spreading lobes which are dull yellow 301 Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE

I Lilian A. GlI.e·rnsey B rodiaea la,'ra 302 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 colored with a dark purple band down Brodiaea stellaris Wats. has very each segment. Extreme southern short stems and long pedicels. The Oregon in the Siskiyou region and flowers are vivid violet purple and the the adjacent territory in extreme pure white staminodia in the center northern California. give a strong contrast. Rare from Mendocino to Humbold Counties, Cal­ GROUP IV. HOOKERA OF ABRAMS ifornia. Handsome and fine as a rock These are quite different from any plant. of the preceding. While other Brod­ Brodiaea terrestris Kellogg is a little iaeas have six stamens arranged in fellow with no stem above the ground either one or two rows on the tube of and short pedicels. Rare in north the flower, this group has three sta­ California. mens and, alternating with them, three B1'odiaea PU1'dyii Eastw. has a very flattish white bands which are changed short tube and long segments and is a stamens and are called staminodia. small, compact plant, seldom over nine While our botanists have named about inches high. The segments recurve eight species, they vary much from strongly and it is the only species of one locality to another. In each lo­ which that is true. A very soft pink­ cality they vary little but perhaps fifty ish-lavender. Sierra foothills from miles away there will be some differ­ Butte to El Dorado Counties. ence. The flowers of this group last Brodiaea rosea Baker rather resem­ a long time when cut. Stems cut in bles B. stellaTis Wats. but the pedicels hay-making may stay fresh in the are short and the color pinkish-purple. shocks for weeks. Rare in eastern Lake County, Cali­ Brodiaea grandifiora Smith is the fornia. Harvest Brodiaea in California and B1'odiaea filifolia Wats. is found in one of the most widely distributed of the extreme south of California and our bulbous plants. In some sections has very slender foliage and small the hill slopes are colored by the violet-purple flowers. purple blossoms. The flower is from Brodiaea 01'cuttii Bailey from the one and one-fourth to one and three­ same r.egion resembles the Las't. There fourths inches long, funnel shaped, are several unnamed species in this with the tube one-third the length. senes. There are from a few to twelve flow­ ers, usually of a deep, waxy violet­ GROUP v. DICHELOSTEMMA purple. There are many sub-species Brodiaea vohtbilis Baker, or the and the size of the plant varies greatly. Twining Brodiaea, has a bulb like It is found from British Columbia to several other species but soon after the Lower California. very slender stem comes up it begins Brodiaea califo1'nica Lind!. is most to encircle anything which will sup­ nearly related to the last. The typi­ port it and climbs just as a honey­ cal form is a small plant with pinkish suckle does. If it is near a bush it will flowers but in one locality it is the climp up to a length of as much as largest of all Brodiaeas. I have it fully eight feet. If no such support is at three and one-half feet high with a hand, it will climb over grass or plants very strong stem and large flowers. or if there are several of the flowering Rare in north central California, both stems near they will encircle each Coast Ra11Jges and Sierra foothills. other and in thick patches, I have Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 303 ,

Lilian A . G I4ernsey Brodiaea 'IIutltifto1'a 304 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

seen regular cables made of many ful, and novel plant. It has the grassy such encircling flowering stems. leaves and the bulb of B. pulchella. Its leaves are grassy and the small The stem is erect and from nine flowers are a very pretty pink. I have inches even to four feet in height and seen stems which have become de­ from few to very many flowered. The tached from the bulb go on flowering flowers are tubular, one to one and in the air. Midfoothills of the Sierra one-half inches long, a brilliant crim­ N evadas and the foothills of the son with white staminodia at the tips, Coast Range close to the interior val­ making the fuse to the firecracker. leys. The flowers are in a loose raceme and hang gracefully. From Mendocino GROUP VI. ALSO DICHELOSTEMMA County in northwest California to just Brodiaea pulchella Greene has a over the border of Oregon in lightly very slender, rather flexuous stem, shaded slopes. One of the most .dis­ crowned with an umbel with very tinctive of all of Californian wild short pedicels so that it appears to be flowers. a head of flowers. The flowers are small, often numerous, and of a very BRODIAEAS AS GARDEN FLOWERS pretty deep violet-purple color. One It is to be noted that in all of the and one-half to three feet high. In regions where they grow, there is a the middle footshills of the Sierra midsummer period when there is little N evadas and northward to Oregon and moisture in the soil and when the Washington. foliage dies and the bulb ripens hard. Brodiaea 111,ultiflom Benth. is much Rains come in September or October like the latter. Although it really has and root growth begins. There is no its quite distinctive points, the ordi­ leaf growth until growing weather nary observer would think them th€ comes, which may be as early as Feb­ same. Found in the same region as ruary and as late as May in the higher the last. country. Brodiaea capitata Benth. v a r i e s In the wild they are to be found in greatly and there are really a number many soils, varying from the stickiest of subspecies. The most common one clay, which dries as hard as bricks in has slender stems a foot or two high the summer, to sands and gritty soils. and heads of violet-purple. It is very More often they are in a loose, wood­ widely scattered through the length land loam. Doubtless the soil is acid of California in rocky places or gritty in some of these region and without ground. B. capitata var. multiflora question sweet or neutral more gen­ Hort. is low growing and is only erally. They do better where it is not found in rather heavy, open slopes. acid. There they may color the landscape in While some s1,)ecies are found where very early spring. Some one of the the ground is wet all winter, they do forms of B. capitata can be found in as well with ordinary moisture and opener regions from southern Cali­ good drainage is by far safer. They fornia to southern Oregon. like moderate moisture until about a month after flowering. GROUP VII. BREVOORTIA Their depth in the wild varies from B?'odiaea coccinea Wats., the Floral one and one-half to ten inches but it is Firecracker, is at once a most beauti- safe to give all a cover of three inches. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 305

It is probable that all are hardy tervals to advantage. Single plants throughout the East and several self­ are pretty among plants not over a seed and go wild in Massachusetts and foot high. B. coccinea is especially fine Delaware and would doubtless do so among low ferns. elsewhere. Stephen Hamblin did not It might be difficult to make a selec­ find that B. coccinea and B. VOhbbilis tion from so many species. Really all wintered at Lexington, Massachusetts, are beautiful and worth while. Possi­ but a correspondent in Massachusetts bly the following choice of one in flowered a large assortment of Bro­ each type might comprise the very diaeas after the most trying kind of best. weather. Bl'odiaea ixoides splendens, B. laxa Brodiaeas are not plants that cover Purple King, B. coronaria, B. gmndi­ much ground and they can be planted flom, B. stellaJ'is, B. coccinea, B. pul­ in groups with three to seven inch in- c1~ e lla, B. volubilis.

Note

Members of the Society in 1931 will remember ,that illustrations have already been published of several species of brodiaea. In rthe January issue, page 63 there is a picture of B1'odiaea H endenonii, discussed by Mr. Purdy on page 306 of this issue; on page 154, of the April issue is the illustration of B1'od1:aea capitata, dis­ cussed on page 304 of this issue; on page 287 of, the October issue is illustrated B1'od'iaea gl'andiflo1'a discussed on page 302 of this i'ssue. All issues of that year are available to a limited extent and may be purchased on inquiry of the Secretary. lit was hoped that we might be rub le to reprint rthese iIlustrations with the present Itext, but it seemed advisable to include only three new iIlustrations and to hold all of the blocks until such a time as we can issue a booklet on Oalifomia bulbs, at which time we can reprint not only ;the illustrations of brodiaea and calochnrtus that have appeared but many new illustrations that have geen gathered in the intervals between the appearance of the sev,eral artic1es. The editor feels moved to say that brodiaeas have been quite permanenJi: resident·s of his garden for many years. Most!: of them increase only sparingly, but some f,ew, particularly la:m, califon~ica and lactea show definite increase.

FlourishinO'1:> under conditions that suit crocus and tulips, they seem perfeotly at home and certainly add much of interest to the mixed planting. It is urged, therefore '1:>that O'ar deners IivinO'1:> in climate comparable to that of Wa hington. D. c., should try some of these most interesting natives of the Pacific Coast ranges. 306 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Arthwl' D. Slavin Pinus Thunbe·rgii Forms of Pine-II

By ARTHUR D. SLAVIN

If order of mention should be based stances, have the same dimension in on utility and popularity I am perhaps breadth. The branching while not guilty of an infraction of the rule. more dense than in the other pines, I refer to Pinus Thunbe1'gii, the Japa­ extends from the very base of the tree nese Black pine. In its native country and makes for a fullness and breadth where it has been cultivated for many not found in many other representa­ centuries, it is known as the Kuro­ tives of the group. The foliage is matsu Tree. Vast plantings of this outstanding, dark green, stout, pun­ species both ornamental and economic gent and twisted, it is arranged in in aspect have made it the best known pairs, each leaf measuring from two member of the genus in Japan. It is and a half to more than seven inches one of the conifers especially propa­ long. The cones are much in evidence gated by the orientals for pot culture even on young trees and are arranged and is thus dwarfed for use in J apa­ in clustered masses along the branches. nese gardens. Dallimore and Jackson Quite often they are permanent, re­ state that is is grown in the state for­ maining on the tree long after ma­ ests of its native country on the basis turity. They are not difficult to recog­ of a forty to eighty year rotation nize and furnish a simple means of which statement would signify that its identifying the species. A short stalk use as an economic timber is of some attaches them to the branches and they importance. E. H. Wilson quotes it are ovoid in shape measuring about as a tree of irregular habit with twist­ two and a half inches long. The ed trunk and spreading branches when terminal buds are also a matter of grown in the open while in the forest distinction, appearing in late winter it assumes the narrow habit of most and often two inches long, their sil­ ::onifers. very color imparts a Ii fe-like attitude It was introduced into this country to this tree before the other conifers about 1880 but enjoyed only a scat­ begin their seasonal development. tered distribution until the past two This tree is particularly adapted to decades. It may now be listed as one light sandy soils, a factor which has of the most C0111mon and excellent made it a most popular material for species. In years to come when the seashore planting. I have seen speci­ opportunity for observation of many mens thriving along beaches where specimens becomes possible it will be the drifting sand has caused the lower found most likely that it follows the branches to become almost completely same habit of growth as in its ances­ inundated. As a screen for wind pro­ trial home. At the present time, speci­ tection along open shores it finds few mens upwards of thirty years old competitors and its use as a medium show a pyramidal habit with straight sized wind break is fast becoming trunk and horizontally spreading popular. Specim en plantings of this branches which curve gracefully up­ fine tree are to be enco uraged. Suffi­ wards towards the ends. Specimens ci ent space for the development of its sixteen years old from seed are now lower branches is a factor which can­ seventeen feet tall and, in many in- not be ove r-estimated and a well- [307] 308 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 placed specimen is sure to prove an acteristics ape of sufficient difference addition of beauty and dignity to the to separate it from that species. grounds. We have but one hard pine from Pinus de11siflora, the second of the China, and that from the Northern Japanese Hard pines, is known as the and Western regions of that country. Aka-matsu Tree in its native country. Although several names have been Considered the most common pine in given to it, official nomenclature now Japan, it is seldom seen in cultivation accepts Pinus tabulaefomis as the cor­ in this country except when repre­ rect nomen. In the past and by some sented by its several ornamental varie­ authorities at the present time the ties. Its close resemblance in many synonyms (P. sinensis) and (P. fune­ ways to the Scots pine so commonly bris) are used. This species was first <:ultivated in this country is probably introduced into this country in 1862 the foremost reason why it is not in but until the late Dr. Wilson made great demand. It appears to do best his famous plant collection trips into in a light, sandy, well-drained soil and the horticulturally less known parts of does not suffer from our coldest win­ China it was seldom seen and com­ ters. Specimens at Rochester make paratively few cultivated plants were an average growth of about eight in existence. inches per year and the largest speci­ Whether the material sent to this mens in the pineta of the Bureau of country before Wilson's time was col­ Parks is now sixteen feet in height lected from the more southern parts after fourteen years. In the wild state of China I do not know, but until it is said to attain a height of more quite recent years this species was than one hundred feet and while I considered generally to be a tender know of no trees of such size in this plant requiring care and not adapted country it is not unbelievable that we to our more northern states. Material may have some specimens of good collected by Wilson appears quite SIze. satisfactory and makes excellent Cultivated trees of this species ap­ growth. While it is not difficult to pear to be of broad pyramidal habit establish, it will benefit greatly by some while young, gradually assuming a protection while young and if given more irregular appearance with age. good soil will make excellent progress. The bark, except towards the base of Among the many specimens which I the trunk, is thin and orange red. The have seen, most appear to be of branching is horizontal and the branch­ irregular, sprawling habit, some lets orange yellow covered with a spreading and others of more or less bloom, a character which immediately erect character. I am much inclined identifies it from the Soots pine. The to the belief that this variation in leaves are in sets of two's, bright habit is due not to any particular local green, slender and measure from two condition, but to the fact that our to more than four inches in length. present material represents collections While not the most important 0 f of seed from different locations and our cultivated pines, it is sufficiently perhaps, as the material becomes bet­ useful to warrant some comment. It ter developed, it will be found that is well adapted to specimen planting there are various geographical forms. especially where a tree similar to the One is already recorded among Dr. Scot's pine is desired but whose char- Wilson's collections. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 309

Al'th1.f1' D. Sla.v·in Pinlls tabulaeio'l'lJ1is 310 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Specific characters of this species seldom reaches a height 0 f more than make it not too difficult to identify. twenty feet. Specimens in the pinet­ I t ranges generally from a broad um at Highland Park in Rochester spreading to broad pyramidal tree are eighteen feet tall after thirty-six with spreading horizontal branches. years. They have a spread of about fourteen feet. As a small plant this The branch lets are 1110st similar to form would be considered as belong­ those of Pinus de11sifiom but are of ing to the dwarf group but, as it at­ lighter orange or more often a yellow tains age, it loses its shrubby aspect color covered with a slight bloom and takes on tree form. while young. The leaves are arranged There are usually one to three main in two's, slender, light or glaucescent stems. The branching is open, as­ green and four to six inches long. cending or horizontal and, in the latter A1though densely foliaged, the needles case, up-turned at the . ends. The appear in a feathery fashion, some leaves are arranged in groups of drooping and others lying in horizon­ two's, course, somewhat flattened in tal planes. cross section and dark green. The The largest specimen I have closely cones which appear on the plants when examined is now eighteen years old they are quite young are asymmetrical from seed and measures nineteen feet in shape with the scales on one side tall. It presents an excellent appear­ 111 u c h under-developed. Their ar­ ance. Due to its small range of dis­ rangement 011 the branches is such that tribution, ·it will undoubtedly find its they are directed downward. The greatest use as a specimen tree for coa-rseness of the foliage and the char­ which purpose it is most excellently acter of the cones combine to make adapted. identification not a difficult process. Among the varieties of the Moun­ The second form, known as Pinus tain Pine, Pinus 111/;£gO, which is gen­ 111UgO rotunciata, is quite on the border erally treated as a shrub or dwarf and, line between a tree and a shrub. Were consequently, to be considered with it not for the fact that in the Alps it that material, we find two tree forms. grows to thirty feet in height we Both the species and many of its va­ would relegate it to the dwarf group. rieties have been known in cultivation With all the characters of a shrub, it's for about 150 years and are to be size is the only foundation upon which found principally in the mountainous to base its consideration as a tree. regions of Central Europe. The form Starting from a C0111mon base, the Pinus mugo rosh'ata is sometimes de­ generally flattish, round habit of this scribed as a dwarf in the publications, tree is formed by its many main its size, however, is such that in my branches which curve outward and up­ estimation, it is be st considered as a ward, a feature which serves to dis­ tree form. tinguish it most plainly from the va­ Apparently the American nursery­ riety 1'ost1'ata. The foliage ' is less men have not taken to propagating coarse and of a brighter green than this variety and most of the specimens in that form. The cones of both va­ seen today are in old gardens made up rieties are similar, the greatest differ­ of material imported fr0111 Europe. It ence being that in this variety they belongs to that group of trees which spread outward from the branches as we discern as of bold character and well as downward. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 311

Arthur D. Sla,vin Pinus 'I1'tugo rost1'ata 312 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Arthur D. Slavin Pinus 1lIugo rotwlldata

The value of both these forms to principally by its forl1l S we will enter ornamental purposes is much the same. upon a discussion of the more promi­ They both appear to do well in sandy nent and valuable representatives. soil and are entirely hardy. Their Pi"lllls l1igra in the type form is rare principal value li es in their use as in cul tivati on due to the preponder­ small specimen trees although they ance and greater val ue of its geo­ are also well adapted for screen pl ant­ graphi ca l forms. Seedlings of the ing. They like the li ght and should type are to be found in the pineta of not be placed in too shady a location. the Rochester Parks but observations \Vhich one to use cl epends entirely prove it to be of little value orna­ upon the effect desired. If graceful mentally as compared with the va­ irregularity is to be the keynote of rieties. the design, the variety 1·ostrata should The Austrian pine, Pinus 11ig1'a aus­ be employed. Where formality and t1"iaca is the most co m111 0n and has sY lllmetry are the essence of the plan, long been cultivated as an ornamental 1'otl,£11data will meet all reqwrel1l ents. tree. It is a native of Austria and Pinns l1igl'a is our next considera­ Hungary and is considered by some tion but as it is known in cultivation aut horities to repnes·ent the type, a Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 313

Artlw r D. S lav in Pin us nlgTa ceben ensis

statement of some question if the than, those of the J apanese Black pine specimens which I have seen of the are a lllost CO lllmon means of id enti­ so-called type are true. It is charac­ fi cation. terized by its heavy appearance, stout In ornamental work it fi nd itself hori zontal branches and dense masse best suited to specim en planti ng be­ of coarse, dark green foli age. Its cause while thoroughly harely and en­ il ver), bud similar to, but small er during on even the pl)orcr soil., it 314 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Artlvur D . Slavin Pinus nigm 1%onspelie'llsis

expansive branching habit makes it it should perhaps be placed in that undesirable for wind-breaks or group group. If its mention here is an ex­ plantings except where large areas are ception to the rule it is because it has available. never helel sway as a color form. It is From the P yrenees comes Pinus somewhat smaller in size than the 11ig1'a cebene11sis, another geographical Austrian pine and less bold in counte­ form of merit, known al so bv various nance. The branching is horizontal authors under the synonY!11~ (tenui­ with the branch lets a lustrous dark folia) and (pyrenaica). With color orange color. The foliage is quite as its principal means 0 f identi fication , slender and of greater length than in Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 315

A1·thur D. Slavin the variety ausf1·iaca. The leaves mea­ the same a for the A ustrian pine. It sure four to six and a half inches is often stated that thi tree is adapted long ancl are a noticeable grayish green to poor soil s, all all egati on perhaps color. The uses of this \"ariety are partially true but ro r good growth it 316 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

follows the rule of all vegetation and di scovered as a seedling in one of the will do best when afforded a light local collections and was named Pinus loamy soil and good drainage. 1'l1:gm mO li strosCl . (Proceedings Coni­ A third form now growing in the fer Conference: Royal H orticultural pinetum at Durand Eastman Park is Society: London, 1932.) It is not to interesting, although at the present be confused with (Pinus lari cio mons­ time, only sll1all trees are available for trosa) a c1 wa rf form described by observation. The original material Beissner which I have never seen. was received under the name Pinus In some respects it might be con­ nig1'a 11'lonspelieJHis, a nomen which is sidered a columnar form. It is an supposed to be synonymous with the erect grower with a straight trunk variety cebenensis. Synonymy, how­ from whi ch project branches arranged ever, cannot apply in this case as there in close whorls at irregular distances. are two di stinct forms represented The later char:1cter is best demon­ and, at this time, I have not as yet strated hy its procedure of growth. convinced myself as to what may be Practically all development is concen­ the true name of this vari ety. Until trated in the main terminal buds which the opportunity presents itself to consist of one primary terminal bud examine the ori ginal descriptions of and four to fi ve lateral buds. When the different forms of this species, es­ growth commences the terminal bud peciall y the description of the mate­ produces a si ngle vertical leader while rial given under the name lIIonspeli­ the lateral buds develop short, hori­ ensis, its present designation, although zontal branches. As there appears to it is a nomen dubiulll, will have to be little development except at the top remall1. of the tree, an exceedingly long lead­ As a young tree the material in er is produced each season and upon question presents a fin e appearance the length of this leader depends the and shows great promise. The habit separatin g distances of the whorls of is pryamidal with the branches hori­ branches. By comparison I might say :ontal near the base becoming ascend­ that thi s tree resembles a telephone ll1 g towards the upper hal f of the pole with cross pieces fastened to it tree. The color of the branchlets is about two to three feet apart. An ad­ lustrous orange brown and much like ditional trait whi ch visibly affects its those of cebellensis. The leaves are appearance is the odd habit of the different being a beautiful dark green branches to ascend acutely at the ends. and measuring six to eight in ches in The type specimen is now thirty­ length. Its present development indi­ four feet tall and has a maximum cates a future tree of more O" raceful breadth 0 f twelve feet. The foliage habit than is to be found in tl~e other approximates that of the A ustrian related forms. Specimens growing in pine. It is not my intention to give a well drained, sandy loam increase in directions for its use. That it can height at a rate of more than fifteen be employed in ornamental work is inches per year. not to be doubted but with such mate­ To those whose interest li es mainly rial it is best to leave the job to the in the collecting of materials which person who will want such a specimen are extraordinary or freakish, the and, hence, plan a suitable location mention of a form 0 f grotesque habit for it. 1S worthy of note. This vari ety was (To be Continued) Report of the Lily Conference of 1933

Held in London Under the Auspices of the Royal Horticultural Society

By H ELEN M. Fox

A fter two years of expectation, at so utterly beautiful, so far beyond last I was to go to the Lily Confer­ my expectati ons. The air was filled ence. Never having been to a meet­ with a heady fragrance and the ing of the Royal H orticu1tural Society) lilies domin ated each exhibit, rising I imagined the whole affair would be above the associated plants on their conducted in a most formal and awe­ graceful stems. T he effect of the insplr111g manner. Q uite the contrary whole was of white, cream, yellow, was true, however, and although the orange, through to browns and the proceedings were carried on according darkest plums of the martagons. Al­ to a carefully arranged program, there though there were a good many lilac: ­ was a pleasant air of informality pink ones and brilliant red chalce­ about them. The leading group of donicu111s, these merged i,nto the English gardeners consists of hi ghly whole. Instead of usin g blue del­ expert amateurs 'and of the profes­ phiniums, and the violets and blues sionals who work in the various hor­ of the campanulas, as accompani­ ti cultural and sci entific organizations. ments, which one might have ex­ They meet constantiy, at their fo rt­ pected, the associated plants were nightly sessions, at conferences and pale yell ow P1'1;mula jlO1'i1 ldae, hemer­ shows, and a most friendly and cor­ ocallis in its newest shades, pale yel­ di al rdati onship prevail s amongst low callas, and many brown, gold them. and red-leaved dwarf J apanese ma­ Only three A mericans came to the ples, branches of P n £n1M pisSG1'di- and Conference, Mr. William N. Craig, of purp.J e beech. As ground cov ers Mr. Marshall and 1. It shows how and to tie the diff er el1Jt elements to­ little interest and understanding we gether, there were green ferns; moss, in the U nited States have about the heather, evergreen ground covers, a important happenings in the horticul­ few rhododendrons, and bamboo (a tural world ; but let us hope t hat in new idea to me and most eff ective in time this will be chauged and that the grace of its stems and slender more of us will avail ourselves of leaves) . T he many martagons in such enriching experiences as this. their brown and wi ne tones empha­ On the morning of Tuesday, July size d the wood like colorings and the eleventh, the show was opened to the creamy iestaceU711 s, cream white 111 ar­ judges and as I had been graciously tagolls, white Duchartrei, of which asked to be one of them, I went to there were quantities, the ligh.ter the exhibition hall . I was quite shades. In the middle register were excited at the thought of seeing all all shades if orange and yellow the latest introductions and newest elegalls, croceU II I, TlVill11lottia e, Dav idi-i, crosses and could hardly wait to go and their cros es , and many pat'dali­ in , but when I did walk in , I liter­ Ill/ III, SII prrb II III , HII II/ boldtii, CalladellSe a ll y held my breath because it was (a gr oup the Engli h like especially) . (317) 31 8 THE NATIONAL H ORTICUL7URAL MAGAZI NE Oct., 1933

Down the cen'ter were the fl owers tum Sapho, a deep orange, tall clumps and at one side pictures and at the of pa?'dalinu11'l, and branches of cop­ other a scientific exhibit of w hich per beeches and spotted a tlJd striped more anon. ornamental grasses. In some of the Practically all of this immense col­ beds we re low, dainty polyphyll'U117S, lection of lilies fl owered out of doo rs. spotted red inside and green on the It was an amazing achievement to back of their white perianths, Far­ assemble such a great quantity of mri and Wa1'dii, the last the color species and to have them in such of faded roses, also the peach-colored excellent condition and an indication elegans Alice W ilson, and through­ of the remarkable skill of E ngli sh out spikes of 'white martagons, each gardeners, whose climate, the more with fi fteen or more blossoms. If I see of it, seems far from easy in only I could grow this charming lily spite of reports to the contrary. like that! Other beds featured phihp­ At the front of the Hall, near the pinense, concolor, ce'Y11UUm (deep steps leading to a platform where rose) H ansoni, and marvellous speci­ people may sit and rest their weary mens of chalcedonicu 17tS. It always feet and overlook the whole Show, sickens and dies with me but here was an exhibit by Constable of South­ it was in all the glory of its shining, borough, T unbridge W ells. In this brilliant red, refl exed blossoms, borne commercial exhi bi t as well as m on tall stems. others, many of the lil ies shown were There were ever so many more brought in by amateurs in order to unusual lili es in tl:i3 exhibit but per­ make particular exhibits especially haps it is best to talk about them all fin e. It is a charming and unselfish together. idea but the would-be purchaser of A fter Constable's came three lines bulbs and plants cannot tell whether of other exhi bits. O ne featured the exhi bitor :recul ly OWtlJS such fine orange CrOC elt1ILS, red-leaved bar- examples as he shows or not. berries and testaCett1'I1S with deli cate­ Constable's exhibit consisted of a leaved ferns and Asparag·us S prenger·i little garden having a central circular underneath them. bed, surrounded by four other beds. Another exhibit combined pale pink H ere, as well as elsewhere, each va­ japowicu111S wilth regales and peach­ ri ety of lily was planted in clumps, colored testaceu11 1~s, and under the which was every effective. There japonicu1%s was white heather. One were testace-ums, very tall with 5-7 grower used striped ornamental grass­ fl owers to each stem, W ilhl'Pottiae and es and many took the leaves of a te1'luifoliu11'L in one bed with the longifl 0r U"/I1. whi ch has the margins brown, gold, and green foliage plants. bordered in lighter green as a decora­ Another bed had clumps of hi'm­ tion and in one arrangement there alaictmt or g·iganteumq lili,es, the de­ were the leaves of the variegated spair of most American gardens, tall candidu'ln. stems rising from great, tropical look­ Perry's of Enfield was, as the ing leaves, bearing spikes of tubul ar E ngli sh say, " too lovely." It con­ white fl owers having purpli sh mark­ sisted of a coll ection of hemerocallis ings at their throats. With these with ferns under them and very dark wer e the new cross princeps, Y'egale, scarlet leaved Japanese maples fr0111 willmottiae, dwarf elegans tt1'l'tbella- whi ch rose qui te hi gh spikes of Dct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 319

Erem.U1"Ms Bungei (yellow and fuzzy). are hardy here); the tall Brownii In this exhibit amongst these reds with narrow leaves and quite white and yellows were H ans,mi aud p1'in­ inside the flower and having the out­ ceps (which looks more like a regale side as if brushed with brownish x brownii cross than the regale x green pastels. Also the dwarf Brownii sargentiae which it is). with broader leaves which I think Off to one side was a display all has more character, as its inside is of Ducha1'trei var. Faneri, a white cream against a chocolate outside and speckled lily of the n,1artagon type the flower is thick and waxy. There which was intermingled with Aspam­ was the 11'La1'ta,gon val'. dalmaticum gus S prengeri. The lilies being in with as many as 29 wine red blossoms green bowls and jars. to a stalk and the martagon var. cat­ Wallace of Tunbridge Wells had taniae with larger flowers of a deeper a marvellous show dominating the end tone. Besides these most of the North of the Hall. It was also a creamy, American lilies were amongst those rose, deep red, and orange scheme. present including Washingtonianum, The front of it WCl!S semi-circular and and Kellogii which are not easy. One the colors ranged from the alstro­ new cr06S was crOCeU71'L Coolhl1'rsrt and e11ILerias in rosy yellow at the front, it is a beauty, larger and of a brighter planted with dwarf Japanese maples ,color than the true C1'oceum, which is and graduated through 1'egales, aura­ very fine itself. "Mystic" a hybird tU11% (the white Virginale without between S argentiae and centifolill~11'L spots but with a pale band of gold was at rills marvellous show; it is tall down through the centre of each with white flowers marked green, and segment), giganteum lilies and H enryi has deep orange colored pollen. M ax­ C1:trinum (a good pale yellow from will, like a stronger Willmottiae, Scheepers') . All this splendor was Dave'Jllwttiae, tallest of the group, backed hy small trees of P1'unus pis­ being 6' high and having 35 blossoms s01'di, white birch, mountain ash, with to a stem. Will11'Lottiae X elegans was its orange berries and tall bamboo. good too. These last are all Miss There was a little pool here too. Preston's crosses and she stands out At the rl.largins were the pale yellow as the greatest hybridizer of lilies in Prim.uta fiorindae and behind it purple the V';orld. I noticed two kinds of and white Japanese iris, and behind Parryi, so difficult for eastern gar­ these orange superbum lilies. The deners. Ol1Je had reflexed segm.ents Japanese iris go well with regal lilies and one tubular bell shaped perianth. too. Both were pale yellow. Other lilies shown here and else­ To the left along one wall of the where were Bakerianu11IL, whitish green Show were colored pictures of lilies. spotted magenta; COlu11IL bianu1n, tiny One set being from the new volume and burter yellow, Duchartei, mauvish by Mr. Grove, to supplement the pink, ce1'nUU1n, also pinkish, pardi­ Elwes Monograph, the other, and boldtii, much spotted brown on yellow these were quite beautiful, were water with the Ieav,es of Humboldtii. H enryi colors by Mr. Frank Galsworthy. had been forced to be present by There were also photographs sent some but was mostly on tremendously by the Arnold Arboretum, Country tall stalks and in bud. There were Life, Miss Preston, and Mrs. Fox. other aU1'a.tu,111s, longijforu111s (which On the wall to the right, \Va the 320 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 scientific exhibit. A long table was and so metimes more frequently and run along the wall and on it were they told me that often there are boxes stuffed with cotton in which many more exhibits than they can was the seed pod and seeds of a cer­ possibly handle so that they have to tain species, then a jar in which the 0gen their Old Hal1 as well as fill the bulb of that species had been placed, new one. and behind this on the wall was a T he afternoon of the opening of photograph of the growing lily. There the show was the first series of lec­ was also a very complete exhibit of tures, all of whi ch are to be published the effects of mosaic and another in a lily year book which I advise sent by Laurence Ogilvie who cleaned every lily grower to buy. up mosaIc 111 Bermuda. T here was But for the impati ent I will say a table upon which were jars con­ that t he E ngli sh have held that soil taining soils where diffe rent lilies was the important factor 111 the are grow 111g in various localities . satisfactory growing of lilies. We in Then W allace had a large table upon the U nited States have long kn own which was a collection of bulbs from this was not so, but they had to find 1-2 years old grown f r0111 seed and out for themselves and now they scales. This last was wonderfully know positively that soil is a negligible helpful fo r a beginner, as each little factor. But they now think that bulb bore a label telli ng its age and drainJage is all importal1Jt. At W isley how it was propagated. U nder the they had some fi ne tig1'iml."JIl s growing picture of botrytis was the caption in poorly drain ed pots with the little "Botryti s is cured by spraying with brown spots at the tips of the leaves, bordeaux and remov ing the fl owers whi ch showed that these imperfecti ons of infected plants" The lihes ex­ may possibly be due to lack of sharp hibited as grown from seed, which I drainage. had never grow n, were, H anso17'i, M ar­ The question of mosaic was care­ lagon d alm atic1( 'I'I'I., Backhouse hydrids, fully gone into, as was the raising 11l01w.delph n1'll, szovitziaml'/'JII, Roezeli:i, of seeds and other means of propagat­ 111artagon, 11'I artagon a l bu. '1~J par'V1 II'1'I, ing the lili es. Papers were read from and gigantewm. Doctor Stout on steril1ties and from As I said above, a goodl y portion Miss P reston on hybridizing. Neither of the lilies show n we re grow n by of them could be present. As the amateurs and if it were not fo r their readings went on when they approved indefatigable searching a h er the rare, or doubted the audience would say, the choice and the new in fl owers, "I-Iear hear" or "Query." Duchesses such displays would be quite impos­ and Baronets, Viscountesses, et al sat sible. At present most English gar­ side by side with their gardeners and deners are collectors. It is perhaps all took notes and atten ded every ses­ the scientifi c spirit of our age, ex­ sion of long, scientific papers. The pressed in terms of gardening. T he H all was packed each time! Lili es are res ult is a vas1tly increa.sed variety very fashionable in E ngland now and in their fl ora and a greater richness even the P rince of W ales has taken of effects and longer and more con­

certainly did a fin e job. And here I a great business man, Major Stern, must say what ma.y seem like a a promi nent blanker, L ionel de Roths­ betrayal of my sex but I do think we child, and hundreds 0 f others :s pend women must admit that in practi call y hours and hours in their gardens. every fi eld men have produced fin er T here was a dinner one of the results than we have. And no doubt evenings of the show, which was very jolly and in fo rmal, and the it is especially true of gardenill g and guests we re taken to Kew, Wisley, until we have more men keenly in­ and to any gardens t hey asked to see. interested in gardening in the U nited Altogether it 'was a wonderful ex­ States, I am afraid we will stay al perience and most enlightening and the pottering stage. We need their I am happy indeed to have been able pep, push, and vitality. W omen are to gather enough pen l1J es together too much interested in the sl1!all to go. details. In E ngland, M r. J\hcLaren, Peekskill, N. Y. 322 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Lilian A. Gu,e1·n..sey New Daffodils, Sylvanite ( upper) , Marylo11d (lower) Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 323

Lilian A . G1/.e1'11sey New Daff odils, A las nam. ( upper ) , A erolite ( lower ) 324 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Lilian A. Guerl1sey Hart Nib1-ig and E. B. Garnie1' Notes on Bulbous Iris

By CHARLES E. F . G E RSDORFF

My first acquaintance with the sun or that reflected by the bot brick bulbous iris was· some years ago wall. More exposed were the Fili­ when I planted a coll ection of the fo lia Imperator,' and less hot in situa­ old Spanish type, following the mea­ tion, with one of the E ng li sh type g re directions which were g iven. known to me as "Blue H esperus" di­ Needless to say I never had the plea­ rectly in the open subject -to sweep­ sure of seeing them bloom. Since ing north and western winds. that time until last fall, my acquain ·· The so il in the main consisted in tance with them has been as cut quite lig ht loam, with a clay subso il. flowers, either obtained from some The bulbs were planted in g roups of florist or as a show fl ower in some six to twelve, two to fQ ur inches horticultural exhibition. L ast June, apart and about four inches deep. 1932, it was shortly a fter viewing The surface so il was mixed with a the Massachusetts Horticultural So­ prepared commercial fertilizer, a ciety's Iris show, that a surprise let­ good handful to each clump. ter awaited me on my r eturn, offer­ Thoug h 1 was warned that the ing me the opportunity of trying T ing itana hybrids were not of re­ these iris in my garden to determine liably known hardiness, I was asked their actual hardiness under the pe­ to try them in the garden, aff ording culiar cultural conditions prevailing so me protecti on as with a covering therein. I had but one situation to of peat moss. SUcll was my inten­ g ive up to them, that along a warm ti on, but press of other matters at brick wall, southern exposure, a sit­ planting time resulted in no protec­ uation never too wet, often very hot, tion being given these supposedly actually against the brick wall, tender varieties. fronted by tall bearded iris. The I would characteri ze t he winter driest corner was g iven up to little here in W ashington, D . c., in 1932-33 1'eticulata, 'and nearby with a few in as a rather severe one, and certainly a more open situation were the Tin­ a trying one on plants usually termed gitana hybrids "The F irst" and ha rdy, for there was considerable "W edgewood." Elsewhere in this heavy freezing, followed by t haws " hot stretch" the various De Graaff and quite warm spell s, and t hen a Dutch hybrids and their t wo Span­ freeze again. Sap would undoubtedly ish hybrids named Golden 'Wonder flow in some of these warm stretch es, and Golden Lion found in the main g rowth would advance, yet the only a situation in which they were very apparent inj ury to these plants was happi ly at home. It is m y obser va­ a hrowning of the ti ps, which I ti on, however, since the Spani sh are ascri be as much to the refl ected heat late in fl owering, that they would do from t he brick wall as the actual much better in a less hot, scorching co ld temperatures which followed . situation. They have sin ce been Inasmuch as I had 11 0 fir t hand moved to similar protected locations informati on on the behavior after but somewhat shaded fr0111 direct planting of bul bo us iri . I watched (325) 326 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 their fall g rowth of foli age with F . dull cream to edges of pallid blu­ some trepidation. L ater I learned ish violet with heavy center feather that this was their habit. The fohage of lemon chrame to cadmium yellaw. of reticulata was last to show, CO \ll­ T wo blooms per stalk, 5;;';: inches, ing up in J anuary, foll owing planting 28 inches tall. T welve bulbs started of all the bulbs in late October. O ne bl ooming April 8 and continued to month later reticulata was in bloo m, April 27, 19 days. and thereafter there was a constant D UT CH IRrs procession of loveliness a~ the. tingi­ tanas, Dutch, Spanish, F ~ltfOl1a and A. Blaem aard. S. soft bluish vialet, E nglish iris came into bloom , in ~h e styles soft blue vialet to lighter edges order named, the last fl ower shoWJ11g and crests of wistaria blue, F. pale about June 3. wistaria blue with lemon chrome cen­ I am indebted fo r the privilege of ter li n.e, two blooms per 9talk, 4;i obtaining t his info rmation to the inches, 26 inches tall . N ine bulbs kind donation of stock by The O re­ started blooming April 14 and con­ gon Bulb F arrns, Inc., Boring, O re. tinued to April 30, 16 cliays. Adrian Backer. S. lig ht hortense R eticulata. S. haematoxylin violet, vialet to grayer and lighter edges, long, narrow, twisted, styles sli g htly styles li g ht hortense violet to edges bluer, falls inverted V -shape ( h ~ ft of pale hortense violet to crest . of and blade ), haft narrow, madder V lO­ li g ht mauve, F . pallid mauve WIth let with underside g reen, blade vel­ center li ne of deep leman chrome. vety anthracene violet with the cen­ T wa blaoms per stalk, 40 inches, 20 ter a raised crest of chrome yell ow inches tall. N in e bulbs started bloom­ surrounded by irregular portions of in o- April 16 and continued t o April white. The cres'ts of styles and blades o , 30, 14 days. In a more open sItua- of fall s joined to resemble greatly tion this vari ety started blooming the form of our " J ohnny-Jump-U ps" several weeks later. This would in­ but much larger. P lanted in clump dicate that most of the varieties of twelve, bloom started F ebruary 20 tried by me would show later bloom and ended March 15, 23 days of in more apen situations. bloom. This is vio le't-scented, lasts Yell ow Queen. T his partakes more well when cut and indoors the s<:ent of the form of the later Spanish type pervades the home. Two blooms per than that of the Dutch hybrids. S. bulb. frilled pal1e lemon yell ow. 9tyles iemon Tingitana "The First." S. medium chrome falls lemon chrome shaded pleroma violet to li g hter edge, st yles apricot' yellow to cenrt: er of light cad­ lavender violet to paler crests ruffled mium, hec.wy substance which is true and frilled, F. lig ht lavender violet of all the new Dutch hybrids and to deeper hafts with center feather Spanish ones, the crests are toothed. of deep lemon chrome, two blooms W

Liliall A. G7lerllsey Imperator and Rembra;ndt 328 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 shaded purpiish lilac, crests lilac, ley's violet to g-rayish edg-e, styles frilled, F. lilac with cadmium orange pale "wistaria violet with crest of center line, open flowers, two blooms light wistaria blue, F. pallid soft blue per stalk, 3 ~ inches, 12 inches tall. violet with short broad center dash Nine bulbs started blooming- April of lemon yellow s'haded lemon 27 al~d bloomed for 13 days. chrome. Two blooms per stalk, 3;v,i Gerrit Van Hees. S. pale mauve inches, 24 inches tall. Nine bulbs to midribs and bases of mauve, erect, started blooming May 1 and con­ styles Chinese violet with a scallop­ tinued 12 days. shell-like crest of III au vette, F. Pog-genbeeck. S. Bradley's violet mauvette with broad ·center line of to wistaria violet edge. styles wis­ deep lemon chrome. Two blooms taria violet to crest of light wistaria per stalk, long- flowers, 3 inches, 20 blue, fring-ed , F. light wistaria blue inches tall. N ine bulbs started with center blotoh of pi.cric yellow blooming- April 27 and continued for and center line of cadmium yellow. 13 days. Two blooms per stalk, 3 ~ inches, VV. Zuidervelt. S. semi-erect, fluted, 24 inches tall. Nine bulbs started lavender violet to pale lavender vio­ bloom.ing- May 1, continuing 13 days. let t'ips and edg-es, bases pleroma Leonardo da Vinci. S. ivo ry white, violet, styles lig-ht mauve to crests styles ivory yellow to crests of ivory of li g-ht lavender violet, F. pale lav­ white, fringed, F. primrose yellow ender violet shaded wistaria violet shading- to centers of citron yellow with center line of light cadmium. bearing broad center stripe of deep Two blooms per stalk, 3 Yz in ches, 24 chrome. Two blooms per stalk, 4 inches tall. Six bulbs started bloom­ inches, 24 inches tall. Nine bulbs ing April 27 and continued for 10 started blooming- May 1 and contin­ days. ued for 10 days. White Excelsior. Waxy ivory Golden Glory. S. deep lemon yel­ wh~'be, faUs with light cadmium cen­ low, styles deep lemon yellow to ter line. Two buds per stalk, 4 fring-ed crests of apricot yellow, F. inches, 24 inches tall. Nine bulbs deep lemon chrome shaded in cen­ started blooming- April 29 and con­ ters with lig ht cadmium. Two blooms tinued for 11 days. The shorter pe­ per stalk, 3y,i inches, 22 inches tall. riod here undoubtedly due to etting- Nine bulbs started blooming- May 1 00£ seed. This may be the cause for and continued for 13 days. the shorter periods for several others D. Haring-. S. g-rayish white, styles as well. and crests ivory white, F. ivory yel­ Abraham Storck. S. pleroma vio­ low with center blotch of deep let, styles mauve to li g-hter edg-e and chrome. Two blooms per stalk, 4 crest of pale violet, fring-ed, F. pale inches, 26 inches tall. N ine bulbs violet finely striped lig- ht violet with started blooming- May 2 and contin­ cadmium yellow, wide, center line. ued for 20 days. Two blooms per stalk, 4 inches, 20 Jacob de Wit. S. li g- ht violet, pale inches tall. Seven bulbs started violet edges, styles pale violet to blooming- April 30 and continued for crests of pale bluish violet, F. pale 13 days. blue violet with large light yellow J acob Adrien Matham. S. Brad- bl otch overlaid orang-e chrome. Two Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 329 blooms per stalk,S inches, 24 inches blooms per stalk, 4 inches, 24 in ches tall. Nine bulbs start·ed blooming tall. Nine bulbs started blooming May 3 and continued for 19 days. May 6 and continued for 20 days. Ther~se Schwartze. S. paII1d Elias Voet. S. spectrum violet to mauve, styles pallid mauve to gray light violet tips, styles royal purple white crest, F. ivory white with cen­ to light violet cre SIts , F. light bluish ter line of light cadmium. Two violet with broad center line of deep blooms per stalk, 4,% inches, 20 ~hrome . T~.yo blooms per stalk, 4 inches tall. Nine bulbs started bloom­ 111ches, 24 1l1ches tall. Nine bulbs ing May 3 and continued for 10 days. started blooming May 6 and con­ Golden Bronze. S. deep slate violet tinued for 18 days. to edges of deep grayish olive, styles grayish olive to crests of olive ochre, SPAN ISH F. light cadmium veined old gold Golden Lion. Deep pinard yellow, with deep orange chrome blotch. falls with deeper center line. Two Two blooms per stalk, 3 inches, 20 blooms per stalk, 3,% inches, 24 inches tall. Six bulbs started bloom­ inches tall. Nine bulbs started ing May 3 and continued for 10 days. blooming May 13 and continued 12 E. B. Garnier. S. dull bluish violet days. to nearly chi.cory blue tips, styles Golden W onder. Light cadmium, and crests grayish blue violet, F. falls with orange chrome center. Two chicory or light chicory blue with blooms per stalk, 3y,i inches, 30 orange chrome center. Two blooms inches tall. Nine bulbs started per stalk, 4,% inches, 30 inches tall. blooming May 13 and continued 12 Six bulbsl started blooming May 4 days. and continued for 11 days. FILIFOLlA W. Vers·chuur. S. managanese vio­ Imperator. S. spectrum violet, let to edges of clark olive buff to tips styles deep lavender violet to crests of citrine drab over light cadmium, of light blue violet, F. pale violet styles mouse grey to rib of honey blue blotched orange chrome. Two yellow and crest of olive lake over blooms per stalk, 4 inches, 28 inches wax yellow, F. light cadmium shaded tall. Nine bulbs started blooming olive lake with orange chrome cen­ May 16 and continued for 16 days. ter. Two blooms per stalk, 3H inches, 26 inches tall. Nine bulbs E N GLISH started blooming May 4 and contin­ Blue Hesperus. Deep soft blue vio­ ued for 18 days. let, quite blue in effect with white Jan Weenix. S. pale violet, styles patch in center of fall. T wo bl oo ms pale violet to crests of pallid bluish per stalk, 3,% inches, 20 inches tall. violet, F . pallid grayish blue with Six bulbs started blooming May 20 center line of orange chrome. Two and co ntinued fo r 14 cl ay.

N OTE- All color name are from R idgw ay The Idealist in the Garden

Sooner or later one who regards popular taste, rebelling against the gardening from an idealistic stand­ vogue of coleus and its ilk, swung­ point as against the prize-winning round to the other extreme and wor­ point of view is bound to give vent shipped solid green. It has beerL to some sarcastic comment upon the fashionable to show a cultivated -current fad for artificial monstrosi­ taste for "nature's livery" till it has­ ties in the garden. It was bad become a complex with us. enough a f,ew years ago when gaily My own childhood was spent with painted silhouettes of birds on t all those who had known the swing of stakes were foi sted pon a gullible that pendulum and a loathing for all public-or did the "cunning" Ger­ piebald, marbled, streaked, varie­ man gnomes "in natural co lors." gated, flecked, flamed, striped, and "large as life and twice as natural," blotched leaves as well as all red, come first? One cannot but pause gold, purple, blue, and si lver foliage over that catalog description to won­ was thoroughly ingrained into my der just what the "natural color" of gardening consciousness. So deeply a German g nome really would be. was the error planted that in spite Whi-chever way it was, they. the of an innate love of color, I care­ gnomes and the birds, are still with fully cl osed my eyes to anything but us and dogs, rabbits, geese, and cats g reen. A nd one can only imagine have been added until one would not the shock of horror that came over be surprised to see a whole Noah's me when I first read this opening­ Ark procession trailing across the sentence to a chapter in E. A. lawn and over the rock garden into Bowles' delig htful book entitled "My some hidden - or very evident-­ Garden in Spring": "I have never houseboat with the implied promise felt the disgust for variegated foliage of a forty-day deluge. The amazing evinced by so many good gardeners, part of this craze is that many peo­ and in many cases I warmly admire pel of taste and discrimination have it. " taken it tip. I would pass it by with Before I came to that sentence. I silent contempt but for the fact that had read enough of Bowles to know many of those who have fallen un­ that here was -a real gardener and der its "charm" vehemently argue plant lover of the first quality and that these jim-cracks add color to so firmly was my faith in him en­ the garden-and yet s-cornfully de­ gendered that even the shock of cry the use of variegated or co lored­ those words could not dis·place it. leaved plants. But it bothered me terribly and I The contention that these silly reread the whole chapter again and toys add color should be dismissed again; for I had a rather guilty feel­ at once; no garden worthy of the ing of not having lived up to my name should need paint added to it, own id eal in that I had grown to· or gardenish bric-a-brac. like several plantings where I had The s·co rn of colored foliage IS used -colored foliage. Gradually the more worthy of cOl1Jsidemtion. It is truth dawned upon me. a hang-over from the time when vVe co nsid er the autumnal change [330] 'Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 331

of foliage a lovely and a 11'aJtural fit­ was perfectly delighted with its ness in the garden picture and look golden little leaves but did not have upon the rich warm tints of the bud­ the courage to back down from my ding leafage of spring with joy. stand before the family. The eff ect Then why should be look askance of the yell ow leaves against the grey upon ·colored foliage in summer? and the metall ic blue of the other The silvery reflex of the grape, the plants was quite charming and, when -purple of Prunus Pissardi~, the cop­ later sci li as and forget-me-nots were pery red of the Copper Beech, the added, it was generall y decided to blue of P icea pungens var. glatica, retain the grouping. This was all these are all nature's products, not before I had read Bowles, so per­ man's, and because a species or a haps I was the more willing, because variety has decided to become indi­ of it, to co nsider what he had to sav vidual enough to alter its color is no of foliage which has lost its virtu"e reason for us to frown upon it be­ of greenness. ·cause of a misconceived sense of fit­ Compared with variegated fo liage, ness. So I began to appreciate the it was quite easy to develop an ap­ g rey-leaved plants such as the arte­ preciation and even a love fo r soIid­ misias, the mulleins, santolina and colored leaves. My deep seated aver­ the bluish metallic sheen of eryngium, sion of mottled foliage came from Festuca glauca, even the blue spruce, a fear that the plant is diseased, and a thing at which I had heretofore in a way so it is when the g reen looked sidewise; and gradually I g ives way to other colors, and also woke up to the beauty of the purple­ because I s'o tbhorougthly and contin­ leaved plants. uously abhor the atrocious coleus As I look backward I realize that and the leprously spotted begonia. this awakening was the more easy How often we dislike things which because of a chance placing of a we have never seen because of asso­ plant which came to me because of a ClatIon. Here was I avoiding all mistake of mine in ordering. I had variegated leaves because of a dis­ included the green-leaved, palmate taste for two. The awakening came form of the Japanese maple but had one winter day when I was searching written it so badly, my copy of the through the garden for something to order showed me, that it had been c01\1bine with a few first snowdrops; taken for the yellow form. When it as I walked down a path, my eye reached me, I did not know what to was suddenly arrested by somc lively do with it ; the foliage was just open­ hits of glowing red which proved, ing out and was so golden and de­ when I got to them, to be the cen­ li ghtful-and yellow has always been tral leaves of each exposed stem of my favorite color-that I hated to the silver variegated thyme. It, in throw it away; this was all before itself, was a delightful bouquet; the the curse of the embargo had fallen cold hael changed most of the white on us and Japanese maples, small of the tiny foliage to r eel and the ones at least, were quite cheap-so blending of the three colors is worth I put it in a temporary location near going out to see on any winter day. a Juniperus sabina var. ta1J'/,a1'isC'ifolia Sad to relate, thi reel coloration and in front of B erbe1'is aquifoli~£1n. fades away after twenty-four hour To tell the truth in this matter, I in a hcated room. 332 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

All the white-variegated leaves drained. A rich diet seems to tend that I can recall have this tendency to increase the green of the leaves to turn to some red shade in cold and spoil the variegation and in the weather. It is especially noticeable co lored ivies the addition of humus in two ivies which are in the garden. or leaf- soil does the same harm, One, a large-leaved green, g rey, and whereas the addition of lime-old white, becomes quite brilliant during pl'aster is excellent- gives a better the winter, so much so that people variegation and a healthier g rowth. will often take it for a clump of From my present viewpoint, of a flowers when they first see it from a more mature knowledge in garden little distance. U nder it are planted taste, I would urge gardeners to a Scilla nut(JfI1S and narcissus " Home­ larger use of colored and variegated spun" with a scattering of Heavenly forms of plant life . The use of Blue grape hyacinths which have such plants brightens the summer seeded themselves there. \ !\T hen the borders when flowering shrubs have g rape hyacinths begin to flower, t he ended their blooming and forms in­ ivy has still some of the red left on teresting and beautiful groups in the its leaves but as the daffodtls and rock garden and the herbaceous bor­ the sci lias come on the red has al­ der. To back up my plea. I can not most faded; but even then the waxy do better than to quote from another cream in the ivy leaves is good to old English gardener who, in his look at as it li es below the flowers. day, was regarded as one of the best. Nothin g blooms there in summer but Vhiting of his garden in December, the place is always attractive because Canon E llacombe, in 1895, has this of this variegated ivy. The other to say in favor of them: ivy is a tiny-leaved ·fellow who wan­ "But there are two classes or ders along the base of a low stone especial value for the winter decora­ wall in full sunshine and so does not tions of gardens - the vari egated g row very luxuriously in 0 sun­ shrubs which do 11 0t shed their leaves baked a place. It has to contend and hardy, evergreen ferns. It is with Vero11ica so_'ro.til1s and Achillea the fashion, especially among bot­ tomentosa above ground and H yo­ anists, to despise variegated plants; cinthus azu.-re1o£S, ]i/ht·scari 1'OC e'l1l·OSt£1'J1. they are said to be diseased, and to and Crocus ow'eus below the soil , so f>how their disease by their sickly it does not find life altogether a bed appearance. This may be true, if of roses·; but it is so beautiful among the partial ab sence of chlorophyll is these flowers and its little leaves of to be counted a disease, but it does g reen and white are especially lovely nat prevel1Jt their being very beauti­ amid the blossoms of the bulbs. E \Ten ful and very useful, and if vigor in in the depth of winter that spot is g rowth is a sign of health, there are always gay and cheerful with the many instances in whi ch the varie­ g reen, white, and ruby tinted foliage gated specimens are hardier and of the ivy. more vigorous than the typical green One should always remember that, forms. But I here claim for them a to keep these vari egated plants in special value in the lwinter decora­ good health and have them retain tion of our gardens, and will name their color, the soi l in which they a few which I find most llseful for g row should always be poor and well this purpose. I have seen some of Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 333

the variegated ivies covering a large brig ht colot bes ides the varI OUS extent of wall , and at a very small shades of their natural g reen. But di stance the wall seemed to be one of them, Athyriu1'1'I. G01'ingianu111, cl othed with a rich creeper, he-ar in g var. pictU111" breaks into the spring an abundance of yell ow or white pageant with a veritable fl ame of fl owers. All the variegated hol1i es ·color and lig hts up the shady nook are as useful; they brig hten up a in which it g rows as few other lawn in a wonderful way, and there plants can. T his little fe rn comes are many to ch oo~e from, but I find from J apan and does not li ke the that the variety with the large white winter cold but in rock gardens blotches on the leaves produces the which are covered in winter, I have best eff ect. It is call ed, I beli eve, known it to thrive as far north as the milkmaid holly, but it has other the central part of New York state. names; and one peculi arity of it is It has been known as Asplenium .its habit of bearing branches in Goring·iawu111, var. P 'ict ~~11 q, and which­ which every leaf is of a pure ivo ry ever way it is li sted, the ICe" in the white ; t his too, at a little di stance specific name is usually omitted ; looks like a bunch of white flowers. whichever way t he name is spelled, it and if cut w ill keep its beauty in is a little beauty, whether one likes water all throug h the winter. I have variegated foli age or not. It starts also on a rock-wo rk a large mass of g rowth in spring in a li very of blend­ the dwarf J apanese euonymus (E. ed g reen, g rey, and brig ht cl aret, but radicans 'mTiegata) , which I much as the season advances the red rather prize. Not only does it li g hten up fades unless it has a cool, damp the rock-work at all times, and espe­ dwelling place. T he stalks are pur­ cially in the winter, but it gw es phsh claret and this co lor not only abundance of pretty sprays which co ntinues on the veins but fo r a are most useful both in the house narrow margin beyond and fades in­ and the church." to a g rey which in turn gradually O f holli es, we, alas, have only too merge-s into g reen; later the strip fe w. Perhaps the nurserymen are of claret fades, or rather narrows so rig ht when they say t hat the hollies that the grey area is larger, leaving burn too badly during the winter to the vein s pronouncedly purplish prove hardy; but I have an idea that throug h the rest of the season. Even by cl ever planting they would prove in southern New J ersey, this fern hardy in our gardens and so add a loses its fo li age in winter, which to year-round beauty to the scene. me is its only bael feature. Repeated By cl ever planting, I mean the p l ac~ attempts to establish Crocus iridi­ ing of them in such places as to f! O'l'-US, or should we call this species avoid the mid-day sun and also C. b)':::Ol t i '" II S, whi ch is its older but where they could be sheltered from far less descriptive name,-I find that hard winds. Such places could upon consulting Bowles, he uses the easil y be provided by planting the latter name only as a synonym but holly to the sheltered side of c:oni­ calls attention to the fact that it is fi ers or buildings and where t he sun the older of the two, so it shall be C. would not shine upon t hem for many 11'idif!orlls wi th me although it is not hours at a time during the winter. withi n my garden- have rail ed. prob­ Very few fe rns can boast of much abl y because we get the co rm s 0 late 334 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933. here and it should be in the ground the polypody; later come alochortus and starting its root growth by Au­ a11'tabilis, Narcissus bulbocodi1k1n var. gust. What the above words meant cit1~nus and Erythroniu1n H ender sonii to convey was that I had tried to add to form beautiful combinations with the crocus to the precincts of the fern the fern before his gracilipes begins and had failed. So that now its only to add its delicate charm. Once, for companions are Narcissus triandrus a couple of years, the pipsissewa, var. alb us) the dainty Angels' Tears, Chimaphila 11wo£lata, lived here too; and Iris 111inuta and very pretty these but for some reason found the place two are in each of their periods of not to its liking and departed; but it bloom with the richly colored foliage stayed long enough to show how of the fern. lovely its green and white foliage N ear enough to the ferns to be of would be in that select neighborhood, good effect when seen at an angle is so that now I only mourn its loss. a small planting of Erythronium That is the sorrow of not being citrin1k1n and I am hoping that both able to give all of one's time to one's plants will increase and eventuaily garden but to have to attend to the mingle, for the solid outline of the thousand and ~ne petty cares and in­ erythronium's leaves will form a terests of modern life. A plant leaves splendid foil to the lacy foliage of the one and should be immediately re­ fern and the coloring of both will placed; but one is not there at just blend nicely, not to mention the love­ the right moment to replant it; or liness of the creamy yellow blossoms misses the time to mark where bulbs amid the richly blended verdure. live beneath the soil and so fears to Nearby Polypodium vulgare is the sink the trow'el into the earth lest center of another grouping which some treasure be ruined. And so the hom a short distance ties in splen­ void remains. didly with the former group. The For the past three winters a sup­ thick, leathery, deep green leaves of posedly non-hardy fern has been liv­ the polypody are always fresh and ing in the garden and has managed attractive the year around and should to pull through in spite of the fact be grown where snowdrops could use that every garden book and every them as a background. In my garden fern-wise person has said that it was this thought had not occurred to me not a garden plant. This is the little when the grouping was made and fern which always proves to be the when it did there was no room left to longest iived of all the plants in the tuck any snowdrops in. In all the fern' dish. Its hard textured leaves books I have read, this fern is said to gave me the idea that it might prove grow about a foot high, but none that to be hardier than it was supposed to I have ever seen have been higher be; and up to the present it has given than half that height, so I am sure the lie to the plant books and even that mine is not a special form and I managed to retain its leaves until late am thankful for this shortness and in the winter when snow and ice have hope that mine will continue to be gradually forced back the living green the little fellows they now are. Here and left them hrown and sere. Poly­ in early spring grow Ane111,one blanda stichu1n Tsus-sinense comes from and very charming are the soft blue China, I think from the neighborhood blossoms against the deep green of of Canton, which should mean that it Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 335

was tender; but planted in a snug lit­ has not flourished as well as the dusty tle corner of the rocks and with a woodsia, yet that might be becaus·e it northerly aspect it has managed to is a newer planting. This fern is ;:t survive. lime lover and hates an acid soil. The Praise has been offered to W oodsia dark purplish brown of the stem and ilvensis in thes·e pages before this, but the bluish-green of the foliage make it is well worthy of repeated honor. it a particularly attractive species even It is the one fern that I am acquainted though the foliage is not thick and with which will continue to live and abundant as the fronds of other ferns be happy in full sun and in compara­ but scant and open, of a light and tively dry soil; so it lives with me at airy grace which needs well grown the base of a rock ledge where above masses to be really effective for those it a flourishing colony of S e111,per­ who must have their color spread on vivum, tectoruni var. atroviol'aceu1n thick. It has proven very attractive dwells and will shortly join forces, with Ste1'nbe1'gia lutea as an autumnal unless human agency steps in, with S. neighbor and again in spring when x C o1nollii. At all times this triG is Narcissus "Glitter" is in flower. I attractive; the winter coloring of the am so·rry that I did not plant it with houseIeeks, a deep rich dark purple in Iris reticulata, for the two would be the first and a nearly blue metallic good company in regard to color, al­ color in the second, is excellent with though I am not sure how well the the rusty green of the fern. In both iris would like its housekeeping inter­ 110useleeks the color is retained until fered with by the roots of the fern . quite late in the spring and so merges It so happens that the irises "Isis" with the young leaves of the fern. In and "Shushan," those delightful spring when the crosiers of the fern crosses between the Oncocyclus and are covered with dense, silvery-white, the Pogoniris sections of the family, furry scales, against the browns and are planted where each, from different dark greens of the mature fronds, a points along the path, are seen patch of Phlox subula.ta var. G. F. through the foliage of this fern and Wilson adds new beauty to the pic­ the effect at flowering time is pleasing ture, and later on, in June, whell enough to make one wish that the Campanula garganica hangs its blue fern was behind and slightly above mantle over the rocks beyond, an­ each of the irises. Perhaps no one bllt other period of loveliness is formed. myself would like the combination of Again in October when C1'OCUS zona­ the fern foliage with the rich violet tus tosses up its lavender-pink blos­ and somber glory of "Shushan," but soms, the picture is reformed; nor I am sure every one would delight in does it end here, for some chance it with the bronzy plum purple of s·eedlings of Crocus Sieberi and Nlus­ "Isis." cari ne gl e ctun~ have lately chosen this Another little group of JVarcissll s place for their home and so add color f1 ,ial'ldrlls var. albl(s leads up to a in January and again in early March. small colony of A splell ill In plal),- making this bit of the garden an al­ 11eU1'O Il. which seems to be the pre­ most constant delight. ferred name for what is very often Another of the rarer n~tive ferns, li sted and nearly always kn own to the which is said to be a sun lover, is older gardener as A. ebellelllll. T hi P ellaea a,trop1fl'p'lfrea, but with me it i the Ebony Spleenwort, who e long, 336 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 slender stems of very dark brown C1j'SUS juncifoli~ts and I think that its have earned this fern its name; the deli ghtful tiny bl ossoms never look rich green of its foliage li ves through lovelier than when seen amidst and the winter, at least on the sterile over the feathery green foam of the fronds, and so is able to combine the spl eenwort. H ere, for several years lacy delicacy of their beauty with the Viola pedata was beautiful every earl y spring bulbs. It has a near rela­ spring until the time when it suddenly tive, the Maidenhair Spleenwort, A . disappeared. In spite of the fact that Tl'ic h 0111 alles, which is so nearly like we are told this is a shade loving the younger stages of the former that, plant, I have never seen it anywhere although I have them planted together, in southern New J ersey except in full I must pause to decide which is which sunshine; the most splendid display I every time I look at them. As I do know grows on the bank of a railway not pretend to know anything about and makes a carpet of blue every ferns, I have placed 111 y faith in the year. Acid so il it must have and acid labels under which they came to me, soil it had with my ferns; but Azalea and now the horrible thought comes indica alba of the catalogs, but of to me that one of them may 11 0t be the botanies Rhododelldron mucrona­ true. Be that as it may, whichever t 'U II1, has evidently grown too well in my plants may honestly be, they, or that acid soi l and cast too heavy a it, makes, or make, a most deli ghtful shade for the Bircl's Foot Violet. (,0mpanion, or compani ons, for N ar- ::\few Jersey. V.S.D.A. Cha:yote fruits) whole and in vertical sect1:on The Chayote

A Little-known Guatemalan Vegetable

By R OBERT A. YOUNG

There should be on the market never by its appearance betray its this fall and early winter, in many kinship with the squash and its rela­ cities of the country, a g reen p ear­ tives. shaped vegetable "fruit" called the The chayote is native to Guate­ chayote (pronounced ch1-0't1-ch as mala- the land of the Mayas. For in china) . To some readers of this centuries, however, irt has heen known magazine it already is well known and valued in Tropical America gen­ but to many others it doubtless will erally. and its cultivation has been be an entire stranger. A striking g raduall y spreading throughout the peculiarity of the vegetable is the tropics and the warmest part. of the rresence of a sing le, large, close-fit­ temperate zones of the whole world. ting seed. The chayote is a cucu rbit, It passes under a variety of names whi·ch fact is easily recognized by in different countries. Even in our any gardener w'hen the growing vine southern state such names as " mir­ or the flower are seen but. to the liton," '·chouchou.'· "vegetable pear" uniniated, the "fruit" by it elf woul d and "mango sCjua h" have bee n vart- [337] 338 THE NATIONAL H ORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 193-3

ously used. No explanation of the pounds; and the surface from per­ origin of the last mentioned name fectly even and smooth to deeply h as been seen by the writer, but it co rrugated or very spiny or both. Va­ seems possible that the size and rieti es of t he latter types are unde­ shape of the sin gle seed of the sirable and are valueless for market. <: hayote suggested to some one al­ Should one ask the g rocery sales­ r eady acquainted with the well­ man, as one naturally would, how know n tropical tree- fruit a superfic ial this strange vegetable is prepared, it resem bl ance in t hi s r espect to the is to be hoped he co uld reply that mango and so ga ve rise to the co m­ directions for cooking go with it but, bination name. T he name "chayote" in any event, he is likely to say that is Mexican and is a co rruption of the it is cooked "just like squash"­ ancient Aztec name "chayotli ," ac­ which is true, but it is not " the cording to old writers. It and the whole truth." Cooked like summer French equivalent, "chayotte," will sc:. uash the chayote is, indeed, quite doubtless beco me generall y current. as excell ent as that good old stand­ In any event, the vegetable is now by, but it is then lirt:tle else than just produced commerciall y in F lorida a late squash. I ts delicate fl avor does a nd southern California and is being resemble that of the squash, but be­ shipped in season-October to De­ cause of its deli ghtful and <:h arac­ cember- to a l1Llmb er of northern ten stlc texture the vegetable is and eastern markets. adapted to numerous modes of prep­ Although the outside of most va­ aration that make it distinctive as rieti es of chayotes is of some shade ,·ve11 as pleasing. of green, and the fl esh more or less U nless it is desired to cook chay­ g reenish, there are varieties with otes whole or in halves, they are ivo ry-colored skin and fles h. Scores more easil y pared after cutting, of varieties and a number of very crosswise or lengthwise, into fairly distinct fo rm types are to be fou nd thick slices. Fruits of the vari eties in the American tropics. T hus far, now grown in this country usually the few varieties g rown in this co un­ weigh 10 to 16 ounces each. The try are mostl y of li g ht green, pyri­ seed is edible and nutritious when form type, probably because the cooked and may be served with the v in es of these vari eties usuall y are rest of the vegetable unless it is to found to be the 111 0S t vigorous and be used separately, as in a mixed h ardy. There is no marked or con­ salad. Cut into sli ces or diced, chay­ sistent difference in quality between otes ordinarily need no more than 15 the fruits of di ffe rent shades or col­ minutes' cooking. They remain ors, though differences in texture be­ firmer than squash when cooked and tween vari eties in any color do exist. so require a little more water (salted) Striking differences in size and shape in boiling , but no more should be of fruit and in character of surface used than is necessary to cook. al so are fo und between van etl es E ither diced or simply sliced, the within the li ght or dark-g reen or vegetable is excell ent served with ivory-co lored g roups. The shapes butter melted over it or, in the diced range from slender pyriform, some­ form, a dres'sing of prepared sauce what fi

V.S. D.A.

I1 l0ry-rolorrd Clz ayoic s grown Oil ba IlI boo ire ll is /11 re ll iral Florida 340 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 here just to recite a few of the other not occur until very late. In locali­ tested methods of preparation. ties on the South Atlantic coast that The characteristic deli cate texture are especially well protected from of t.he cooked .chayote has been men­ early frosts, successful culture may tioned. To preserve this quality be possible in favorable years some­ mashing must be avoided, though what farther north but the frost haz­ so me may wi sh oocasionally to serve and increases !1apidly nort.hward from it 90. It may be used sliced in frit­ middle Florida. ters of various kinds, or fri.ed-either Flowering and fruiting of the raw or previously boil ed. After par­ chayote apparently are largel y de­ boiling, the halves may be stuffed termined by the relative lengths of and baked ; and the boil ed and diced day and ni g ht, and the vines seldom chayote used cold in salads. Most bear during the summer. The earlies t eX'cell ent sweet and dill pickles have fruits usuall y set about September been made, the latter from the yo ung first and mature a month later. fruits. Fruiting usually continues until The chayote plant is a tender, frost, which in some localities in perennial-rooted, climbing vin e, with southern Flori da may occasionally leaves resembling those of the cu­ be nearly all winter. In the latter cumber. Some kind of support for case a spring crop may not be pro­ it shoul d always be provid ed . The duced but, if fruiting is interrupted vine itself is injured or destroyed by for a time and no frost occurs after the li ghtest frosts, thoug h the root F ebruary, new vin es from the old generally will survive unless the roots may set fruit in April and con­ g round freezes to a depth of an inch tinue bearing until late June. F or or so. Mulching should be practi ced home use chayotes often can be during peri ods when frosts are likely grown co nsiderably farther north to o·ccur. The plant thrives in a and, in some rare instances in which rich, moderately moist but well­ the first autumn frost has been de­ drain ed garden loam, preferabl y with layed until late October or early No­ some sand. It will endure excessive vember, small crops have been gath­ moisture fo r very short periods only. ered near Wa hington, D. C. P lanting in this co untry is usually During the latter part of the done in the spring when danger of plant's firs,t se;a;son of gmwth, a roOl1:­ frost is past in more northern locali­ like, starchy, ed ible tuber begins to ties. In more northern localities, form in the groun d uncl er the crown, where only one or a few plants are and in the second year this may to be grown, it is often well to start reach a weight of several pounds. It them indoors a little earlier, in a pot is a co mmon article of food in many or small box. The entire fruit is parts of tropical America, where the planted with the broad, or blossom, plants grow freely, and is boi led and end slanting downward and the stem eaten like potatoes. In Guatemala end left partly exposed. the tuber is call ed "ichintal" and in Cultivation of the crop for pos­ Mexi·co, "chinchayot e." The removal sible profit is limited by climatic fac­ of the tuber from a bearing plant tors in the United States to the doubtless would res ult in injury to lower South and the sections of Cali­ the crop. fornia in whi·ch autumn frosts do As already stated, chayote vines in Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORnCULTURAL MAGAZINE 341 this country seldom set fruit during must be much the same. In many the summer, without regard to the situations the common root-knot dis­ time of planting or age of the plant. ~ase is one of the most serious ob­ Individual vines vary in the precise stacles to success, especially in the time at which they begin to flower lighter sandy soils. While the roots and also in prolifi,cness. Some bear probably would live for a number of heavily and long while some others years in the absence of root-knot, bear very lightly. There is authentic they rarely, if ever, survive in the record of a total pro·duction of more South longer than two or three than two thousand fruits from the years. T'he cause of death when in­ spring and faIl crops of one year vestigated usually is found to be from the vines of a single plant in root-knot. A chayate plant growing central Florida. The yield wiII range dose to a structure that shades the from that figure down to a hundred ground and keeps it moist and cool fruits or less. generaIIy thrives better and lives The commercial production of longer than one in a m.ore open situ­ chayotes in the South is at present ation. largely centered at DeLand and Notwithstanding the numerous de­ Miami, Fla., with some in Holmes structive natural enemies of the County, in northwestern Florida, and chayate, it is believed th!at. iJ,~reased at a few other points. A total of production . only awaits wider ac­ about 1,000 crates of chayotes is re­ quaintance with it among, and an ported to have been shipped from increased demand from, discriminat­ DeLand to northern markets last sea­ ing consumers. The chayote usually son. The production near Miami, comes onto the market at a season estimated at nearly 200 crates, was when the number of succulent vege­ consumed almost entirely in the city. tables is reduced; it has to its credit No estimate of the extent of produc­ attractiveness of appearance in both tion in California has been obtained. the fresh and prepared states; it is Credit for the development of the of exceptionally pleasing texture and beginning of an apparently perma­ delicate flavor; and it is wholesome. nent industry at DeLand is due in From the reception thus far accorded considerable measure to the steady the cIiayote there is reason to believe determination of one grower who re­ that its steady, if slow, growth in fused to be discouraged under very popularity will continue. discouraging cipcumstances. Without This newly developing industry the sympathetic cooperation of two has one great problem for the fu­ large systems of retail stores in the ture. Mention has been made of the North, however, the effort even then chayote's habit of not fruiting until must largely have failed of its pres­ autumn. 'vVe should have one or ent achievement. more varieties that will fruit during Anyone who has gardened, espe­ the longer days of at least the latter cially where the summers are long, part of summer, so that a crop may will want to ask. what about insects be grown to maturity in more north­ and other pests? W ell, the chayote ern latitudes and nea rer to so me 0 f has its full share of them. . They in­ the larger potential markets. Dr. clude practically all that attack other D. N. Shoemaker, wid ely experi enced cllcurbits, and the control measures vegetable peciali st of the U ni ted 342 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

States Department of Agriculture, that one would flower and set fruit has suggested that if a large number early enough to mature some of the of persons in the middle and upper fruits before the usual early frosts. If such 'were found, the progeny South should take part in a continu­ would be preserved for planting the ous campaign to bring such a variety next season, and so on until an early­ into being it might be accomplished fruiting type became fixed. This sug­ in a surprisingly few years. Each gestion is passed out for the consid­ person would grow as many plants eration of any who may feel drawn as practicable each year in the hope toward such a problem.

V.S.D.A. Chayote a1'bo1' in central Florida in late October The ABC's of Rock Gardening-IV

By ALICE MINER

Eighteen years ago I started my harm to rest during the summer. It first rock garden, and during the in­ blooms so valiantly from April first tervening period I have experini]ented to the last of June that a quiet time with about a thousand varieties of seems its due. There are many Alpines. Despite that experience it is shades of green in the foliage of al­ with great hesitation that I offer this pines, and these with the dwarf ever­ list. The selection of plants for a greens give a pleasing effect without specific rock garden depends on the flowers. One other factor may be climate, the location of the garden, considered. and the effect to be produced. One The price of a plant may fre­ enthusiast will prefer great splashes quently be an indication of its ease O'f color and another only the smallest of culture. Those spreading and in­ and choicest O'f plants. In choosing creasing rapidly will, of course, be varieties, I have tried to include some much cheaper than thO'se hard to for all types of gardens and have di­ propagate and difficult to grow. The vided them into groups for ease of rapid spreaders then may be called selection. cheap and on the whole good, but be­ I have listed first, those plants ware of any type if the catalogue ad­ whose reputatic:i for reliability is mits it to be a fast grower, for there practically guaranteed in any carefully will be trouble ahead. In an un­ built lock garden; second, those that, guarded moment I once bought three difficult though they may be, deserve plants of S edu111, sar1nentoSu11'/', and comment (for what fun is it to grow it took six years to eradicate it; so only the easiest varieties?) ; third, the be sure you know about the speed­ natives of my own locality which are sters before you put them in the suitable material along with their garden. pleasant accompaniment of small When purchasing plants, never bulbs; fourth, a few shrubs small buy less than three of a kind and enough to be usable in an average preferably six, in which case you can size rock garden; fifth and last is a try three in each of two different lo­ list of those absolutely indispensable cations and be less likely to have a dwarf evergreens. A possible sixth complete loss. section might be added, that of an­ The first section I shall further di­ nuals for summer bloO'm. Instead I vide into three groups so that yo u refer you to Mrs. Wilder's charming may more readily find the type de­ book "Adventures in My Garden and sired. Rock Garden," which has an excellent chapter on that subj ect. Inasmuch A. Plants requiring a la rge area. as I am away from my garden all These may be low spreading or summer, I have tried only a few an­ large and bushy. The spreaders need nuals and my results aren't worth to be ruthlessly cut back after fl ower­ recording. ing, otherwise they will not only try I feel that it does the garden no to take oyer the enti re garden but [343J 344 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 will soon become straggly and un­ scription of procurl'ens than anything kempt. This first group will thrive else. It has flat shining dark green equally well in a dry wall or in the rosettes from which rise large heads garden. of fle ecy white on foot stems. It must have full sun and an extremely well drained situation. The soft grey green foliage is a delightful foil to the mass of bloom CG1l1pall ulas. which is in all shades of lavender The only variety of large growing and purple and comes in May. It campanulas that may be admitted to rema111 S 111 bloom nearly three the wall or garden is the well known weeks. Don't neglect to cut it carpatica with its large white and back thoroughly, for this wi ll help to blue bells. Mr. Farrer in hi s own de­ obviate its tendency to wi nter kill. li ghtful fashion says - 6f it "From a It comes easily from seed so it is not three penny pinch of seed it will fill difficult to keep a supply of new the roughest desert with its jungles plants. of gaping open cups of blue or white. This lovely wild plant, which cer­ Alyssum. tainly does not come from the Car­ A . sa.ratile, "the cloth of gold," pathians, is now almost wild in every so well known, furnishes the ever garden where indeed it is of habit necessary splash of yell ow in the and f reedom too lavish and robust early garden. Start cutting it back for admission into choice places." It in its early youth and keep it compact comes most readily from seed and or it will resemble a seri es of feather will, seemingly by preference, come dusters in a year or two. A. saxa­ up ri ght in the middle of your favor­ tile var. cit1'i1"lwn is a paler yellow ite treasures. but less hal'dy. It is much loveli er in color than sa~'!;atil c. C erastiu III. C. tOllle llt oslllll . T he frosty greyish Arabis. fol iage con trasts beautifully with A. alp-ina and A. alp ilia .,.osea other greens in the garden. The fl ow­ have fl oppy grey green foliage and ers are white on three-inch stems in loose heads of white and pale pink late May and early June. It is an fl owers. They are not especially indefatigable grower, so keep your choice, but since they flow er with eye on it. C. Biebcrstcinii is woolier aubretia and Al))sSUl1'l, saxatile, I al­ and more silvery and not. quite so ways keep a few plants. A. alpina rampageous. It is always to be pre­ jlo1'e ple11~, a later bloomer, is the fen'ed to tOlllcntoS"lllIl. double form, and while it may be fairly large in a rock garden, it is Diallthus. such a fine white and stays in bloom D. caesiLis IS commonly called the so long that I always include it. Cheddar pink. It is a strong grower A . mollis is so called in catalogues with blue green foliage and fragrant but i·s not so listed in Farrer, so what single or double fringed pink flowers it really is I don't know. It seemS to on six-inch stems in June. It is eas­ answer more t;early Mr. Farrer's de- ily grown from seed. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 345

Dryas. where it is well drained and has D . Sundenn(mii has reddish woody plenty of sun . Even this dwarf form stems and small shiny dark green needs pruning to keep it small. leaves similar in shape to those of a lYI azus. white oak. The large golden eyed crea1;ily white blooms rise on 4-inch ll1. ru,gosa should be called P~t'/l!1: lio , stems in early June. The seed pod for NI. 1"lIg osa is an annual. It is ori.e is a fluff of silver. It has a great of the busiest ral11p ers and should range throughout the world and is of only be used in crevices of pa.ths or great antiquity, being found in fossils steps where it is delightful. It is of unbelievable age. The plant itself completely prostrate and has delicate grows from two to three inches high lavender fl owers resembling half of and gives almost the effect of a a snap dragon. creeping vine. Phlox. Gypsoplvila. This large family with the excep­ G. 1'epens is a trailer with finely tion of three species is native to North cut foliage covered in late May with America. There are dozens of varie­ a shower of small white or delicate ties. I have tried many, and they are pink blossoms. It prefers full sun among our 111 0st valuable plants. P . and a stony soi l. sHbu.lata, occurring in a wide range of colors, is c0111monly called moss H elianthe11'lU,111. pink. It furnishes us with masses This plant, easily raised from ' seed, of color in May. I find this type has a great color range. I t shades lends itself especially well to planting from white through all tones of yel­ at . the eclges of paths where it flow s low, orange, and even red. It is a over the stones and softens the more shrubby plant and should be never or less regular outline. Tbe phloxes transplanted except when small. The are all· fast growers. P. s~tb~uata plant, as its name indicates is sun Vivid is the one variety I've found loving and the blossoms like ;iny wild that increases slowly. It is a clear roses. There are double forms, but bright pink with a carmine eye and to my mind they have not the charm blooms about a week later than the of the single. It has a slight tendency balance of the subulata \"arieties. P. to kill back some in the winter and G1'N.oe'lla grows about six inches tall. does much better if cut back very It has bright" rose bl oo111s, needs sun completely after flow ering. It is most and well drained position. This and effective if planted in fairly large Iris coenfZ ea are delightfully as 0- colonies. cia ted in m)' garden. P. stolollifera, as its name suggest Ibe1'is. increases by stolon . It has clear I. se1'llperVi1'e ns is much catalogued, rose pink bl oo m with an orange eye but for me it is a shy bloomer and on six-inch tem . It ha been a bit frequently winter kills, so I grow it difficult for me to establish, but when no more. I. saxat·ile is a compact satisfied is a "ery free grower. I sus­ form with shiny yew-like foliage and pect it of preferring plenty of peat, dense heads of bloom. I t grows es­ for it has responded marvelou I)" to peciall y well near the top of the wall that treatment. 346 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

P. diva1'icata, the common Sweet and the bloom respectively lavender William, likes a rich loam and partial and white. T. S. la11uginosus has shade. There its lavendery blue blos­ wooly grey green leaves and is com­ soms will make the garden fragrant pletely prostrate making it also val­ for days. It is a ruthless seeder, so uable for paths. The flowers are in­ it must be watched. When collecting significant. T. S. citriodorus makes it, you will find a considerable varia­ large bushy clumps and has both a tion in size and color of bloom rang­ silver and golden leafed form. Its ing from pure white to deep blue. value lies in the color and fragrant odor of the foliage. It isn't always Saponaria. hardy for sometimes a bad winter S. ocymoides is a rapid grower in will take, it all. good soil and full sun. It is most Veronica. charming when its long strands cov­ Mr. Farrer's two large volumes ered with small light pink flowers are "The English Rock Garden" are my trailing over a large rock. The color ever present companions when I gar­ varies therefore, chose your plants den. He gives eighteen pages of when in bloom, if possible. Cut veronicas. Many aren't hardy in our back to a small crown after flowering. climate, many can't be obtained in Sedu1n. this country, but those that I've tried are on the whole invaluable in the Of the small size but rapid grow­ garden. ing sedums, Mr. Farrer says "S. al­ V. il1cana makes large clumps of bum is the typical weed of the race­ silvery foliage having deep blue spikes really valuable and yet perfectly pes­ of bloom in six to eight-inch stems in tiferous in its power of propagation, early summer. It likes full sun. so that within a year of receiving two V. pectinata grows close to the squashed springs in a letter, you will ground, the shoots rooting as they be casting it out of your garden by travel. The leaflets are &,reyish and cartloads and yet never seeming to hoary. There are white, blue, and see any signs of clearance. Every pink flowering forms. fragment grows with fearful rapidity, V. prostrata, alias te~tc1'iu11t, alias forming matted masses of stems be­ rupestris. There is much confusion set ' with innumerable minute sausage­ regarding these names. I have pur­ like grey green leaves ... It serves chased many plants by all these titles as the picture of many and is as hard and have no solution. These are my to get rid of as love or lime." results, correct or not, I don't know. Some of the varieties that fall un- The plant called "n£pestris'" in my der this vivid description are acre, garden is compact, slow growing, and alpestre, anghcuw/" g1'acile, hi1'sutu1n, the earliest to bloom. The one called neglect~ml/" sar111Jentosum tenellum, prostrata is a loose growing rampage­ and virens (more correctly rupestre) . ous traveler blooming three weeks later (in June). One plant bought ThY111le. as teuc1"iu1n has pale blue spikes of T. serpyllum and T. S. albwI'n al'e bloom and is a compact grower. An­ perfect for joints in paths or steps. other "teuc1'ium" grows about six The foliage is fragrant and compact, inches tall instead of being prostrate. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 347

The experimenting still goes on. At spreading rapidly, but I've had no any rate they all have a place in the trouble that way. garden by whatever name they are called. A lyssum. V. rep ens is absolutely prostrate A . se1'pyllifolium is from Spain and and starred with pale blue for-get­ is a low shrubby plant with grey me-not-like blooms in late May. V. leaves and golden fl owers. A. 111. 011.­ saxatilis is a fine green and a moder­ tanum is a twisted shrubby plant, ate spreader. The flowers, a gorgeous densely grey with fl at yellow flower blue, are painfully short lived. I al­ heads. I prefer it to serpyllifolium. ways keep a clump or two, though I A. spinosu1n is again a greyish green do feel that the press agenting is with fin ely cut foliage and white overdone. V. spicata grows sixteen to flow ers. twenty inches high and though love­ Anthem,is. ly when in flower is too robust for any but large gardens. There is said A . 11wntana, another grey-green plant to be a V. spicata alpina only four but of a very different habit of growth inches high that I am still seeking. from the foregoing. It forms small cushions from which rise golden B. PlC!nts requiring a 1nediuwL area. hearted daisies to the height of six Achillea. inches. It prefers sun but will toler­ ate some shade. Achillea t011l1,entosa (yellow) and A. olavenae (white) while not par­ Aquileg·ia. ticularly choice find a home with me because of their June flowering. They A. fiab ellata nana is a charming low must have a sharply drained situation growing columbine with blue green and full sun. foliage and short spurred creamy white blooms. Aethionema. A . jucunda has a large bloom of A. W'3:rley Hybrid is t o me tJhe powder blue and grows from sixteen choicest of the many lovely varieties. to twenty-four inches in height. They They all have finely cut blue green are lovely with T rollius eU1'opaeus, foliage topped with heads of pink, but should be massed for the best pale or deep in tone. They require effect. the hottest sun and gritty rather poor A. pY1'enaica is the plant for tiny soil. Other good varieties are ar­ gardens. Its deep, deep blue fl owers meni'/;m1., grandiji01'a, ,:berideum, and on eight-inch stems will charm the pulchelltwn. hardest heart.

Alchemella. Arena1'ia. A. alpin a is grown for its foliage A. 11101'ltana has finely cut narrow beauty, the fl owers are insignificant. dark green foliage and is a partial The many lobed leaves are toothed trailer though never obnoxious. It is and edged with sil ver, whil e the un­ a very charmIng plant with many der side is silver down "soft as a pure white cup shaped flowers in kitten's ear." It has a reputation for June. Mr. Farrer speaks of it as vast 348 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

and robust, but I have yet to come to E. 11IGcmdenu7n has smooth fern­ the point of giving it away. like green leaves and pink flowers, but these, unlike cheilal/thifolia, are deli­ Ca1npam~la. cately veined, and the two smaller upper petals have a dark blotch near C. garganica with its blue stars and the center. It is a fascinating bloom. 11 1~~walis with the showers of purple E. mna11'1t1n is very dwarf with lovely blue bells ' are indispensable in any 'white blooms. gardem M~walis increases by root run­ ning and is always busy traveling. I greatly prefer it to garganica, which grows larger around a 'central root This group of plants cl osely allied stalk. The blooms look lllushy as they to the E rodiums is equally desirable. fade and not so attractive for that Both varieti es are best planted in reason. groups of six to twelve as should the Erodiu111S and should be moved when C o1'yda17:s. s 111 all for any plant with long woody C. lutea is a charmer with iis deli­ tap roots deeply resent disturbance. cate fern-like foliage and pale yellow C. argel/tel/In is most lovely with blooms. It seeds' freely but never ob­ its silvery leaves and dawn pink large jectionably. I have never yet had bloo111s a l111 0st resting on the foliage. enough seedlings. It should be trans­ C. La.llcasfJ-iellse, with its dark green planted when very small and wi ll leaves and clear pink fl owers veined grow in shade or sun. in deeper rose, is of unrivaled beauty. 1 haye saved that adjective particu­ C. cheilGl1thifolia is lovely with its larly to de cribe my feelings in regard greyish leaves, but it f requently grows to it. C. gral/dijloJ'u1Jq, is of the easi­ too large and always seems to seed in est culture desirable even though it the wrong spot. hasn't the fairy grace of the smaller Dryas. types. It makes a bushy plant a foot tall and has large purple blue blooms. D. octopetala is a small slow OTOW- . b 1I1g type much more refined than the Cypsophila , robust Sunde1'11'/.al/ii. It is not always easy to please but worth the effort to C. cerastioides IS an amiable little do so. It also has golden stamened plant with compact hairy tufted white fl owers. growth supposedly covered with white Bowers veined purple. Everything E1'odium. agrees in my experience except the The Erodiul11s are divided into five profusion of bloo111 . It has been a botanical groups, and there are a great shy bloomer as yet, but perhaps it many varieties. They requi re full sun, isn't in quite the right spot. a sheltered position, and deep gritty his. loam. I have only tried a few and found them wholly delightful. E . This great and familiar genus fur­ t1'ichomanefoliU111, 'has finely cut very ni shes us with some of the choicest downy grey foliage and delicate five jewels in the rock garden. petaled pink blossoms sometimes more I. aret'l.ia,ra is, as I write, in full than one inch across. bloom. It has slender green typical Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 349

Iris foliage only three inches high some seeds which germinated readily. and the cheeriest of golden yellow There are many western species, flowers, which are delightfully frag­ only a few of which I have tried. I. rant. It is so lovely that one regrets tenax prefers a peaty soil and dislikes that each bloom lasts but. a day. For­ lime. It seems, however, to be well tunately they keep coming for some established though it hasn't yet time. It is sand loving and requires bloomed. The flowers are a bright sun and a well drained position. lilac with purple veins with a yellow I. cristata is slightly larger 111 and white spot on the br~ad falls. growth and has lavender blooms. I. I. Forrestii comes in early June cristata alba is quite one of the most and has slender leaves and yellow precious in my garden. The ample blooms on nine-inch stems. blooms on three-inch stems are of the purest white. Seek it and cherish it. L. pe1'enne is a glorious blue. If I. lacustr-is from the Northern lake kept well toward the background, I 'shores is much like c1'istata as is also think it may be used even in a small verna which comes from the South. garden. L. alpi17bt1n is as lovely a The leaves of lacust1,·is grow in fan blue but a 111uch smaller grower. L. shaped sprays, while those of venia fiavwn is a robust grower, but I are more reed-like. The blossoms would have it anyway for the clear are very similar, though verna prefers yellow flowers except for the fact an acid soil. that it won't stay with me, I know not why. L. arboreu1'I'L is said to be I. setosa is a native of fairly wide an alpine form of fiaVu,1% and to be distribution and a range of color small, compact, and hardy. I regret tones, some a lovely deep lavender that I can't find it li sted in this and many whose blooms are pale and country. washed out. It grows very well at the far edge of my moraine in full Myosotis. sun and very gritty soil. The blos­ M. palustris is lovely but not to be soms on twelve-inch stenJS are bluish tolerated in the garden. Only moist lavender heavily veined with dark waste places can accommodate its wild purple blue. desire to spread. lVI. r'upicola makes I. pu,m.ila has many hybrids. The tidy tufts covered with clear blue two I like best are I. atrov·iolacea with flowers, It frequently winter kills its clark purple flower on three-inch with me, but it is so easy to raise fr0111 stems which blooms most charmingly seed that it is not difficult to keep a with Ranu1'/otlus 711oontanus. his cocr­ supply. fYI. s),lzlatica is the small ulca has clear soft blue flowers which pink, blue, or white forget-me-not are slightly larger than the purple and that is C01111110n to all gardens. It is come ten days later. a pernicious seeder, so watch it lest I. dichotolNG is a peculiar type. The it deluge your treasures. foliage grows in fan-shaped clusters Prim/{ la. and the pale lavender small flow ers come late in August in clu ters on There is no place to begin or end, eighteen-inch stems. My plants were the number of garden grown prim­ a gift from IvIr. Lown as were also roses is so large. Mr. Farrer has 350 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 taken a hundred pages to have his me because I find these absurdly tiny say, and Cox and Taylor have a plants blooming so energetically, es­ whole book called "Primulas." I re­ pecially appealing. At any rate give fer you to them for details. The many them careful thought in planting and hued Polyanthus, Auricula, Acaulis, keep them away from the larger and Cowslip types thrive here wi1h growing varieties lest they be com­ pleasing ease. Practically all primu­ pletely submerged. las require moisture in dry weather Androsace. and dryness in winter, so give them a partially shaded and well drained A. sannentosa is tyopical of the an­ position with good garden soil plus drosaces in growth and bloom. It a generous amount of peat and plenty thrives in any sunny well drained of water in spring and summer. As spot. The tiny rosettes are a fuzzy the plants become too large, they grey green, and in late May from should be divided after flowering and their centers spring heads of verbe!1a­ reset. They will need an extra amount like blooms of rose pink on three-inch of water until they are well estab­ stems. Each rosette sends out a se­ lished. ries of new ones like the spokes of a Ranunculus w('ontanus. wheel. They are connected with the parent by the toughest of red thread­ This is a variable species found in like stems which will elongate them­ great abundance, most of the types selves until the new rosettes rest in not worth having. The strain I have the soil and there take root. Sa1'111,en­ was purchased as 111,Ontanus, but I'm tosa (some times erroneously sold as sure it is the variety R. 1nontanus fil­ p1'iw/'uloides which is very rare) is a larsVi. It is one of the delights in the busy spreader but in a delicate fashion garden with its low compact growth, and seldom interferes with the growth fine dark green foliage throughout of other plants. Any variety you can the season and large golden yellow please is worth having. Lanug'inosa blooms beginning in early May and and sem.pe1"VI:voides are both especial­ lasting may days. It easily divides ly fine. into separate crowns and thrives any­ where in good soil. What more could Ambis. one ask of a plant? A. K elleri makes a completely pros­ Sedu1n. traJte small mass of grayish leaves from which rise tiny white leaves of S. Sieboldii is the only Sedum of medium growth that I find interesting. bloom on two-inch stems. Mine is N evii, at least to me, is very inferior. growing apace in: the moraine. The blue-gray, bwnze-

Androsace swmentosa

Anneria caespitosa 352 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 raised from seed yearly. They oc­ P otentilla.. cupy so little space, one could never P. ver'na 1'Ial1a and cine1'ea seem have too many. identical in my garden and are the C a11'l,panu.la . only ones of this group I have cared to keep. They are both delightful C. pusiUa is similar in growth to with their creeping strawberry leaves 11'tu,mlis except that it is smaller and and golden yellow glowers in late has flowers of a soft blue. Fusilla May. should be correctly called bellm'di, but by whatever name you buy it, be Papaver. sure to have it. C. /JlIlla likes a gritty P. loose soil. There it can root run to alpillus is one of those plants that make Ii fe worth living. The small its heart's content. It has only one lavender blue bell-like flower to a growth of fragile fern-like foliage stem and makes a fine companion to and the large flowers in all shades bellm'di (as I am trying to learn to from white through yellow and orange call it). make the greyest day cheery. They are best raised from seed, as they with their long tap roots resent mov­ ing except when very small. They D. In'evicauz.is makes a tight grey wish all the sun there is and a light tuft profusely coverecl with small soil. pink blooms on two-inch stems. It is of easy temper being satisfied with Saxifmga. a sunny chink in the wall or garden. D. F1'eyni1: and 1"/u'crolepis are almost This splendid family with over ten identical. They make compact small thousand varieties comprises a tan­ greyish cushions with the rose pink talizing group. I have a fine selec­ blossoms appearing generously on tion of those obtainable in this coun­ practically no stems. They thrive in try, practically all of which grow the wall, garden, or moraine. There readily. Many varieties have been so are twenty-five pages in Farrer de­ ably described in this magazine re­ voted to the Dianthus so you see there cently that I won't repeat. They are are many more, most of which are great lime lovers and do equally well worth growing. in the wall or garden in full sun. Dmba. SedU,1'11. D. aeizO'ides has spiny rosettes each Mr. "Farrer describes only about very small but forming generous mats one hundred and seventy varieties, from which bright yellow beads of many of which are impossible in an bl.o0m appear in early May. D. olYlll­ average garden. Of the small grow­ pIca var. bntnifolia has finely cut ers obtainable in this country that I loose foliage and a profusion of clear have tried I'ye kept the following yellow blooms on three-inch stems in varieties: early :May. It has a three week's S. brevifoli'bWL has tiny compact blooming period which makes it de­ heads of bright or purplish green sirable. It is easily divided and pre­ with flowers varying from white to fers full sun. I hope to increase this pink, depending upon the region from small number of varieties next spring. wl-iich tll€y come. Oct. , 1933 T HE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 353

Sax lfmga lingulata

S. dasyphy ll'ltlll is similar in growth S elll pC'I'vi'i.."l 1Ill . to S. aC1'e but is stouter and more This fascinating race is in vast con­ cnmpact. It is lovely blue green with fusion. It has hybridized so often pink flow ers. S. 0 1'eg onum has that everything is mi xed. I am en­ shiny round leaves brilliantly green thusiastic about all I have tried ex­ Dr with reddish undertones . It is cept t ectontl/'/. whi ch grows too large native of the west and had great and 1'1'iO l'ltamtw which grows too fast. charm. The fl owers are pink. It A ll of the {lmchlloid ( having a cob­ desires full sun. S. pu l ch ellU'l'/'I. has webby center ) hybrids are fin e. Other been the subject of much dispute, good ones, n l bi cU lldu1'n and 1' . hy­ some calling it an annual and others b'r idu11'L have reddi sh tones; cal car eu.m a perennial. I suspect that there are is blue green with red tips to the two types. T have never been one of leaves ; gaud i ll i is a cl ear green with its warmest supporters. It is bright pointed hairy leaves ; t riste is a deep green with pink fl owers. S. pi l osu.m red. The fl owers are quite uninter­ is a most delectable biennial making esting to me, and I grow these plants sempervivum-like wooly rosettes with only for their fo li age value. I find soft pink fl owers coming fr0 111 the that they are more effecti ve if grown centers. I don't grow it now, not be­ together where the varyin g fo liage cause it isn't charming but because I shades may contrast with one an­ haven't time to spend on bi ennials. other, so I have set aside a rocky S. n l pest1'e has twisted stalks with promontory for them alone. narrow bright g reen leaves. It grows fairly prostrate and has yell ow fl ow­ Silellc. ers. S. n tpestre For sterialllf. lll is the S. pCllllsy17.'ollic(/ ha s 'lender Jea\'c same except that the stems and the and bright rose pink flower 011 SIX­ beginning of the leafl ets are reddish. inch tems. It doe best for me In a It is quite stunn ing. partially haded crevice in peaty oil. 354 THE NATTONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

Violas. sheltered by a dwarf spruce from the hottest sun. It has been increasing The small violas are one of the best steadily for three years. fillers, from the common Johnny I. m,inuta is a treasure which came Jump Up and all its hybrids to the to me from Mr. Lown. The slender most distinguished alpine type. Some leaves are almost grass-like, and the of the best are bosniaca, bifiora, cal­ flowers a clear yellow. I have it carata, g1'acilis, lutea, bicolor, M is­ planted near gracilipes and it seems souriensis, pedata, pedata bicol01', J er­ happy. sey Gel11" both purple and white, and the cornuta hybrids. D-ial1 thus. D. S011'1,e few that every enthusiastic D. alpinus is that most vivid and alpine ga1'dener should t1'y to grow for me the most difficult pink. It is successfull'y- supposed to like lime. I have bought plants with large balls of earth and Geum. carried them home; I have raised G. 1'eptans and montanU-11~ are the them from seed but all to no avail. only two I have of the dozen or more Sooner or later but mostly sooner, varieties suitable for a rock garden. they all die. I've tried them in every They are alternatively a joy and a conceivable spot and in all types of despair. They are supposed to be of soil. Who knows the answer? easy culture in a sunny well drained D. neglectus, on the contrary, is position. They 'both have longish said to prefer a peaty soil, and yet it leaves with ruffled edges and large grows for me with reasonable success. yellow flowers. M ontanu111, is the Both varieties have large pink blooms, choicer of the two. If my plants do neglectus being a paler pink. not bloom in their present location, I D. callizonus and I are on very bad shall next try them in the moraine. terms. The plants I buy bloom once H yperic~£11I(, . in a completely ravishing manner and then depart from this life. Mr. Far­ H. c01'is, 1'eptans, fragile, and poly­ rer says it "is far beyond all com­ phyllu1n are all lovely, slightly trail­ petition, incomparably the loveliest of ing plants with yellow 'flowers. I alpine pinks, running freely under­ have tried them all repeatedy in va­ ground and forming cushions of rich rious locations, but if they don't win­ glaucous foliage, etc." Well, maybe ter kill, they dwindle and die. I it does, but not for me. should so much like to succeed with them, but I confess I don't know Douglasia. what to do next. D. vitaliana is the one Douglasia his. that is not native to North America, but of those I've tried, I think it is I . gracilipes is a graceful lovely by far the best. It has tiny prostrate thing with slender leaves and pale foliage and pale yellow flowers com­ lavender flowers on ten-inch stalks. pletely hiding the green. It must be I have had great difficulty in fulfill­ on a sunny siope and have a light ing its desires, but at last have suc­ stony soil with peat and leaf mold ceeded. It is in a sunny spot, thoug\ added for food. • Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 355

Phlox. inch stem, slightly resemble a bird­ foot violet in form. The plants are The western native have been a really delightful, both in and out of complete failure with me. They live flower. through one season, bloom sparingly, The H aberlea planted in a simihr and pass away. H oodii, Douglasii, situation have increased more rapidly and adsU1'gens are all charming, being than the Ram,ondia and are freer dwarf and slow growing. bloomers. The flowers facing up­ P otentilla nitida has soft grey fol­ ward are pale lavender and tube iage and glorious dawn pink flowers, shaped, with the throat dotted and so the book says. I am well ac­ edged in a darker shade. Both va­ I quainted with the foliage, but have rieties flower in late May, never seen even a suspicion of a Sedu11~ spathufolium is another I flower. felt sure the moraine would western that won't remain with me. please it, but 'twas a vain hope. Has The flat spoon shaped leaves are soft. anyone in this country made it bloom? grey flushed red, a most effective Ra1%Ondia and H abe1'lea. combination. The flowers are pale yellow. Does anyone know what I Ra1%Ondia pyrenaica and its sister should do to keep it? I can't find any plant, H aberlea rhodopensis, are both cultural directions that give me any lovely but have a reputation for being help. difficult. I was lucky enough at one Silene H ool~e1'i is indeecl a fitting time to entertain Mr. Correvor, of thing with which to end this section. Floaire, Switzerland, who is the great­ It is another one of those long fleshy est living authority on alpines. I was tap rooted plants that dislikes bei ng there in the throes of trying to please moved. It has the most exquisite these plants and by following his sug­ shade of pink that I ever saw in a gestions regarding soil and location, I flower. I am now hoping to find have been able to establish them. In someone who has collected it and the crevices of an abrupt wall facing propagated it so that the plants sent north, without sun, planted in a peaty out are garden grown. The one time soil and given plenty of water, they it bloomed for me was enough to have grown and increased. The rosy send me questing for the secret to lavender flowers unfortunately facing success. downward, two or three on a three- (To be continued) Selecting and Grafting New Varieties of Nut Trees in Pennsylvania

By DR. G. A. ZIMMERMAN

P1'esident of the Pen'l1s)llvania N~d G,'owers Association

The great ma jority of persons in results, there must be a fairly close Pennsylvania who own any consider­ relationship as to kind between the able number of native seedling nut stock and scion. They must at least trees, undoubtedly know of ce rtain be of the same genus. Probably best trees which produce nuts greatly su­ results are to be expected only when perior to the general average of the the species is the same. It may some­ neighborhood. However, it rarely oc­ time develop that the relationship curs to the average person that by a should be even more close. Time little skillfully directed effort upon and experience only can tell. We can his part, these same high grade nuts and do graft Persian (English) wal­ could be grown on other trees, regard­ nuts on black walnuts; Japanese wal­ less of how inferior the present prod­ nuts and butternuts on black walnuts; uct of the latter may be. He li-ttle shagbark hickories on pecans and dreams that he might successfull y graft shel1.bark hickories on butternuts. The scions from such good trees on tops order in any of these cases may be of other trees and soon have their . reversed. Altogether, there are many new tops bearing nuts of the kind combinations that it is possible to from which the scions were cut. The make but with increased experience, average person does well to think and it is being found that in the long run act so far as to plant some of the distant relationships are best avoided. ·nuts from hi s best trees with the A ttempts should never be made to reasonable chance that good seed will graft a walnut on an oak, or a hickory produce fair offspring and some may on an elm, any more than an apple on be really choice. a willow or a peach on a hackberry. On 1110St Pennsylv·ania farms where There are three distinct ways of there are black walnut, butternut, establishing a home nut orchard in hickory, or chestnut trees in abun­ Pennsylvania. These are all thor­ dance, there are a great many which oughly practical and within relatively for one reason or another do not easy reach. In order of amount of produce nuts worth gathering. The initial money requi1-ed these are: first, nuts may be too small, or too difficult planting good seed nuts; second, pro­ to crack, or the yields too li ght. curing scions of superior kinds and There are always plenty of ways for top-working existing seedling trees; nuts to be of no value. It is the and, third, planting well-g,rown nur­ purpose of this paper to explain how sery trees of standard varieties. These such trees can be transformed into methods will be discussed in order. kinds of much value. Planting Seed. This method is not Before going further in the dis­ generally to be commended, although cussion of propagation, it will perhaps it is much better than none. It is be well to make clear that for best only from seedlings that new varieties [356] Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 357

are likely to orlgmate. (Origin by which can be eaten. The nuts of all other methods occurs too rarely to but one of these are highly palatable, warrant discussion here.) There is nutritious, and valuable. The excep­ always a possibility that some of the tion lies in the bitternut, Hicoria cor­ offspring' of high grade nuts will be di!o1'lm:s, the nut kernels of which are of value. However, few planters can ordinarily too strongly impregnated afford to try to be breeders and the with tannic acid to be edible, How­ planting of seed for such purposes ever sweet forms sometimes appear, should be left mainly in the hands of although perhaps only when hybridized specialists, since it takes too much with other species. In order of im­ time and the resu!.ts are entirely too portance, f r0111 the standpoint of char­ uncertain. acter of nuts, the other hicko'ries of Top-wo'yki'ng Native Seedlings. This this region rank about as follows: the method has the advantage of being shG,gbark, H. ovata; the shell bark, H_ the greatest time-saver of all. It is la,ciniosa; the pignut or false shag­ obvious, however, that suitable trees, bark, H. ovalis; and the mockernut, suitably placed and in right numbers H. alba. must be available. By taking this As already indicated, the extent to method, it is often possible to remove which it is both possible and ad­ a seedling top, gra ft in a new kind visable to graft scions of one species and in five years to have a new top upon stocks of another are matters in full bearing . Trees from 15 to open to debate. In my personal ex­ 25 feet in height are best for this perience, I have found only a few purpose as they soon come into full varieties of hickory to make even bearing. Those of smaller ~izes re­ apparently ,good unions with mock­ qui're too much more time in which to ernut stocks. These are chiefly become adult and those which are Barnes and Siers, although a few larger are difficult to work satisfac­ others have done so to some extent. torily, The cost involved by this These two are believed to be hybrids method lies chiefly in labor as the between shagbark and mockernut, scions and other nursery materials or perhaps between mockernut and are relatively inexpensive. shagbark, as we have no way of Planting Nursery-G1'own T1'ees, In knowing rwhich parent was staminate the end, this method is far the most and which pistillate, My experience satisfactory. It means much greater indicates that the mockernut should uniformity from beginning to end. be used as a stock only for pure The trees will be of common size and mockernut varieties or for mocker­ age. They may be set in rows and nut hybri'ds. If pure shagbark va­ cultivated, sprayed and otherwise cared rieties are to be used, it is probable for with far less difficulty than trees that the stocks should first be graft­ of various sizes and unevenly spaced. ed with sci ons 0 f stome mockernut Pennsylvania has several nurseries hybrid variety and after a new top devoted largely to the growing of such has become established, to regraft it trees and outside the state there are with the desired shagbark. a number of others within shipping The shag bark g rows happil y when distances. g rafted upon stock s of its own spe­ In this part of the country, there are ci es and sometimes. temporaril y at fiv e species of hickory producing nuts least, upon stocks of pig nut and bit- 358 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

ternut. Whether these other stocks as it is most unwise to top-work will prove satisfactory in the end or trees which can not be fully pro­ not remains to be seen. T'hey may tected from livestock or which will prove altogether uncongenial as the eventually drop a considerable por­ trees grow older. Personally, I pre­ tion of the crop beyond the own­ fer the closest relationships possible er's jurisdiction. to effect. I only use stocks of other With the trees selected, the tops species when I do not have those of should be cut back in late winter or the same species as the scion. early spring nearly to the points Tlhe bitternut grows rapidly as a where the grafts are to be inserted. young tree and is easy to graft upon This will accomplish much of the as a stock but it may have no other hardest work when time is less qualifi,cations for stock purposes. It pressing and lessen the danger of would not be unreasonable to doubt injury to the bark in other parts of its fitness for such shagbark X bit­ the tree. At the time when condi­ ternut hybrids as Fairbanks (of tions are most favorable for top­ Iowa), Beaver (of Pennsylvania), or grafting, the bark slipping easily, is Laney (of New York) , are all sup­ subject to injury by falling branches posed to be, as those varieties are or by the feet of workmen in climb­ not without the bitter tang of bitter­ ing about the tree. At the time of nut in the kernels, on the theory that grafting. the stock should be cut off this undesira:ble feature would be ac­ about three inches below where the centuated. The late Mr. W. G. Bixby winter cut was made, in ol-der to of Baldwin, Long Island, had two shag­ provide entirely new wood for the bark trees of the same variety and scion. The actual grafting should age but grafted on different stocks. take place about the time the buds One is on shagbark and the other on begin to push into leaf. At the lati­ bitternut. The former is .a perfectly tude of Harrisburg, this is usually normal tree, typical of its species in about the 25th of April. The scions every way. It is erect, sturdy, strong, should have been cut while thor­ symmetri,cal and fine appearing. The oughly dormant and held in a well other has good foliage, but is un­ ventilated, coo] room, preferably a symmetrical, much inclined to droop, dark basement where there is con­ and its wood is noticeably weak. Mr. siderable humidity in the atmosphere. Clarence Woolbright of Elnora, In­ With reference to method of graft­ diana, is understood to have similar ing, in my experience, it makes no trees behaving in much the same great difference as to which of sev­ manner, but details are lacking. V.,Te eral methods is used, so long as cer­ shall probably hear of other such tain fundamentals are carefully ob­ cases as time goes on. served. Three point8 which posi­ In selecting trees for top-working, tively must be remembered are: one should consider only those which First, the cambium layel~ s, or inner stand in good soil spots and which bark, of the stock and scion must be are thrifty to begin with. They m8Jtched; second, the scion must be should be so spaced with reference bound securely in place ; and third, to other trees that they will have the scion must not be allowed to dry abundant room to develop. They out. All cut surfaces of both stock should be well inside the line fence, and scion must . he covered in some Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 359 way. The cut parts should be co ated ing trunks aJt breast height of six with wax of some kind. Many propa­ inches in diameter or more has been gators paint the entire scion with in hopefully trying ideas I thought warm wax or paraffin. Others place promising only to fin d them unwork­ a paper sack over the scion, tying it able, or at least impracticable. For tightly about the stock below where instance, I killed most of my best the union h as been made. In my trees by undertaki ng to graft the work, I use ordinary paraffi n. In lowest branch es fi rst, while the cen­ order to protect small stocks and tral and upper branches were left sci ons from the intense heat of the fo r later grafts. It is invariably the sun during the mid'dl e of the day, I tallest branches that draw the sap tie a handful of leaves about the away from those lower down, espe­ union. Mr. F . O. H arring ton of cially if the latter have been cut off Iowa ties a small quantity of clay fC'r grafting. soil about the g rafted parts with The method which I have fou nd cl oth. In large trees, a shingle nail ed must successful is to saw off and on the southwest side of the stock graft the central and upper branches in such way as to shade the union first, leaving three or fo ur of the is often very satisfactory and all lowest branches to draw off the sur­ that is needed. plus sap and to serve as safety Buds on the s{: ion should begin to valves until the new tops have be­ push out in about three weeks. r f come established. Later, I cut these they co me out much sooner, they are branches off cl ose to t he main body likely to die. If later, they are apt of the tree and cover the wound to need attention lest they remain with paraffin . In making the grafts, dormant indefinitel y. If the sci on I g ive the lower end of the s·ci on a dies, it is well to allow sprouts to long sloping cut on one side onl y, come from below so as to save the and push it under the bark of the stock and make it available for later stock. T he sides of the scion are use. If the buds are merely slow in shaved off slig htly so as to expose starting they may be hastened by re­ the cambium layer. T hi s brings the moving all new buds whi ch start up two cambiums into close contact. from below and for·cing the sap into Scions about six in ches long and the g raft. In order to prevent the having at least two good buds each fl ow of sap from being so free at are placed about two inches apart grafting time as to drown the scion, all the way around the stock, which it is well to mulch the ground about has been cut hori zo ntall y across. The the tree quite heavil y, using straw, entire end of the stock as well as the coarse grass, leaves, or even corn­ scion is coated with paraffin and stalks. H ot days immediately fo l­ shaded on the southwest side with a lo"... ing cool spell s shoul d be avoided, shingle. as it is then that sap is sures t to Soon after g rowth begins, a strong fl ow most freely. lath should be nailed to the stock TOP-W01'killg Trees Six ll1 ches in with its g reater length extending Diallletel'. T he greater part of my parallel to a nd beyond the cion. experience in learning h ow success­ Later the g rowin g scion may be full y to top-work trees fifteen to loosely ti ed to this as a support. I n twenty-five feet in heig ht and ha v- case of too rank g rowth, the ter- 360 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 minal buds should be pinched back owner, who needs authentic scions. during rilid-summer. By nipping the They can be had in this way at no leading buds back in this way, it is extra cost. As soon as cut the scions so metimes possible to get along' should be labeled as to variety, num­ vvithout the extra support for the ber or other designation, and stored sCIO n as the new shoot becomes away. Some experienced propagators immerse whole bundles of scions in more stocky and the union stronger. warm wax or paraffin; others dip the Some such precaution is quite im­ cut ends in such material, and still perative, unless the s,cion makes ex­ others, probably the g reat majority, tremely slow g rowth, as shoots of merely pack them in sphag num moss, as much as fi ve or six feet the first shing letoe, leaves. peat moss, or year are not unusual. These are other medium which will prevent easily blown out by hig h winds, es pe­ evaporation, and place them in a cially during rains. Eventuall y all cool, dark basement. Burying in g rowth but that of one s'cion should moist sand on cellar bottoms or un­ be removed, as one only is necessary der northern porches is also a com­ or desirable. mon method of preserving scions. Scions for use in grafting may be The planting of nut trees of any obtained in anyone of several ways. kind inevitably calls for newer and They may be cut from choice trees fin er varieties. the same as with on one's own land or they may be other kinds ot orchard trees. Like­ purchased from so meone having wise the di scovery or obtaining of a trees of standard varieties. A com­ new variety calls for a personal mon practice is to buy a few trees knowledge of how to graft. To­ of desired kinds from a reputable gether, these call for outdoor work nursery and, at planting time, to cut and the development of an exhilarat­ back the tops. This can usually be ing and healthful hobby with good done with advantage both to the chances of financial gam. trees themselves as well as to the Piketown, Penna. A Book or Two

SOl'lqs of H 01'f·icult Lwe. By Si Tan­ mon on insecticides, bu't we r e m ~ l11ber haus er. George Flatow, Laurelton, delightful bilts of verse such as Bal'­ Long Island. 55 pag,es. $1.00. be1'T1;es and O'rchids. Herein that sentient being, the gar- "Is it functional?" is the question den lover, finds articulation. c'Si" puts nowadays asked by critics of objects into words the universal January once permitted house-room solely for dream over a seed catalogue, justifies decoration. U nquesti onably SOllgs of that purchase of plant food that may H O'rt'ic'u.ltuTe is functional. The lec­ cost you a needed new hat, lifts fl ower' turer searching for an appropriate shows to levels above premium li sts poem, the garden club chairman or and garden clubs above committees, grower di scouraged with human frail­ eulogizes fl ori sts and nurserymen , ty, the common garden variety of gar­ verifies the mi L'acles of plants, shrubs, dener wrestling with weeds and pests and fl owers. After putting dow n the can all turn to sy mpathetic "Si" for book we may forget the rhymed ser- help and cheer. F . L . The Gardener's Pocketbook

Tblhps, Na,rC'issu s and Fuchsias. made of color, fl owering season and No m0tter bow one tries, there is no seeding bUit the photographs taken have absolute certainty about any amateur not proven as good as could be hoped. project, and so we come to the end of It is possible that ,there will be enough another year in the magazine and have material to have a series printed in time for comparative use in April when not published the pictures and notes on tulips will again be in flow er. fuchsias that Professor Essig and Mr. So far there has been very lit tle re­ Matthews have had in our hands for sponse from the membership to sug­ the whole period. With each quarter gest whether or not there are many there seems to be some excell ent rea­ persons already growing these useful so n why they should be postponed for species tulips, that make the garden gay another but the end of the year brings before the familiar Darwin tulips are an ,end to postponements and the fuch­ even in full growth. It would be useful sias will appear in the issue for Jan­ to the committee to know to what ex­ uary, 1934. tent they are already in use and to have Notes have come in from many of da,ta as to their behavior from as many the members of the N arcissus and parts of the country as possible. Tulip Committee and from some mem­ bers who are not o n the committee. Bu,ddleia alte1'1 lifolia Maxim. For all we are most grateful. There is (See page 362.) a dearth of illustrative material, how­ ever, that is most regrettable. The Ij:wo Anyone who sees B bI,ddle'ia alte·mi­ illustrClJtions on pages 342, 323 of this folia bl ooming in June, with its 11'1<:,ny issue are of this season's taking frol11 little clusters of la\'ender colored flow­ bulbs one year in the editor's garden, ers growing so thickly along the but raised originally in Oregon. Of the branches that scarcely a leaf is vis­ four, the only one ,that does not seem ible. can hardly fail to he impressed to be of first quality is Alasnam, which by its fresh looking loveliness. has far too wide a crown to be well-pro­ This shrub, although introduced in portioned. It has the redeeming qual­ 1914, is still rather a novelty in this ity, however, of coming very early. in coulltry. Its ease of propagation, the fl ower here just before King Alfred rapidity with which it grows and its and there is no denying that in the gar­ complete hardiness. even in exposed den a fine clump of this variety, m0kes positions. with no protection, together a prodigious showing. Of the others, willh its beauty, should bring B . aller­ my personal preference is for Sylva­ j'/'lfolia I-aridly to the fo re among nite. a l ~ h o u gh Maryland is an excell ent harel y ornamental shrub. It has other yellow trumpet, a little late in season good qualities. too, for it seems to and of a cool yell ow that suggests Cleo­ gro\y as well in poo r oil as it does in patra. Sylvanite. on the other hand. is good loam; ancl no matter whether a pale bicolor of excellent smoothness. thc situati on is a dry or normal one, cleaj' color and good lastin g qualities. it scc' !l1s perfcctl y happy. Tulip species have fl owered well for I grew Ill)' hrubs from seed, which an initial ea on and records have bee n ,,-a '> sent to me by thc R oyal Botanic [3611 362 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

1. deN. Hem'y [See page 361] Buddleia alte1'11ifolia

Garden, E dinburgh, in 1927. I was is not surpns1l1g that, after its full rather puzzled with the small seed­ noon of promise has been fulfilled to lings at first, for instead of having the utmost for several joyous weeks, alternate leaves as the name denoted, we must wait for another season to they produced all their leaves in see its lovely bl oss0111s again. pairs ! I f I remember correctly, it MRS. J. NORMAN HENRY. was not until their second SU111m er Gladwyne, Pa. that thei r leaves began to grow alter­ nately. Young plants, that is young K el1ned')JG. pTostmta major DC. plants from layers, of Daphne Genlw.'a have this same trick and have fooled Attractive fl owering climbers that me more than once. are easily grown in a small mixed My bushes of this beautiful buddleia greenhouse are none too plenti ful. first fl owered in 1930 but did not Kennedya p,'ostrata 11'Iajo'l' is such a make much show until 1932, when one, and when it is in full bloom they fl owered profusely, and one mea­ with its handsome, drooping, cardinal sured 15 feet, 5 inches broad, height red fl owers decorating it from top to 12 feet, 1 inch. The others were al­ bottom, it is a fair sight indeed. K. most as large. p,'ostrata came from Au stralia in 1790 As it covers itself with lovely lav­ and K. p,'ostrata maj01', a fine variety, ender fl owers so profusely in June, it came into cultivation in 1834. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTIC1)LTURAL MAGAZINE 363

I was interested last year when I room to accommodate a plant that is inherited an old Flemi sh painting, satisfi ed to grow in a pot on the fl oor dated 1814, to notice thaJt K. pros­ and from there climb on a wire up trata was distinctly and beautifully the wall, along the rafters, or any­ depicted thereon among a vaseful of where it pleases our fancy to train it, other charming, old-fashioned flowers. and where it will produce its gor­ The foliage of this fine old climber geous blooms with almost untiring is trifoliate, slightly hairy, and of a generosity. splendid deep green, and although a MRS. J. NORMAN HENRY. rapid grower, it does not become too Gladwyne, Pa. rampant, providing its root growth is controlled. R anunculus caland1rinioides It is easily raised from seed, but (See page 364.) germination is often slow. I find, however, that when the thick, harely Ra n~mcu lus is an enormous genus, coverfing of the seed is pricked with a composed mostly of weeds, but it is needle, growth usually starts promptly. this fact that heightens the beauty of A good loose, coarse loam with some those which are worth growing. No peat and sand seems to suit it, and primula is worthless, so that new ad­ with no particular care it will flow er ditions to that ge nus may pass with­ the second year in a five inch pot. The out excitement, bllt a new buttercup which turns out to be a first rate plant third season it will require an ei10>o' ht inch pot, when it will make a fi ne must have its story told to the world. climbing plant, about 8 or 10 feet tall. R anunculus caland?r·in1:oides has been Insects seem to trouble it very lit­ grown at the Edinburgh Botanic Gar­ tle, but occasionally, when scale or dens for several years, but there it mealy bug appear, a prompt spraying never set perfect seed and remained with a mi scible oil will eff,ect a cure. almost unpropagatable. In 1932, how­ Wrapped copper wire such as elec­ ever, fresh seed was sent to England tricians use is very satisfactory to and germinabed in a most gratifying give support to climbing plants, and manner. Only one plant fl owered in lasts indefinitely. This wire can be 1933, producing two fl owers at the secured cover,ed with dark brown beginning of February when all else waxed cotton thread, and so closely was dormant. What more could have does it resemble the plant stems, it is been des ir·ed than a plant with two­ scarcely visible even at close range. inch wide fl owers, ca rried on short The wire is fastened to a brass stems, surrounded by undulating hook at proper h eight, and a non­ leaves of a brilliant silver-green and rustable weight holds it firm and taut fl owerin g before the winter was past ~ at the lower end. This arrangement All who saw it were charmed and makes it possible to take down the begged fo r a plant. plants very easily whenever it is de­ The plant is a native of the Atlas sirable to trim or spray them. Mountain in Northern Africa and i Climbing plants are not used as hardy in England and Scotland. It i frequently as they might be in green­ a good plant for the cold alpine hOLl C houses large or small. Sometimes, or fo r the well drained moraine. It even when space is limited, we have non-weedy in O'rowth, but appears 364 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

R G'l7 unc u lus calandri1"l'io·id es to increase nicely in to a tidy clump. Ge'l1tiana p01'phyrio J. F. Gmel. The silvery lea\'es appear about (See page 365.) Christmas time, and before they are In my opinion, the most beautiful fully developed the buds appear. The of our native gentians, not eyen ex­ petals are just about an inch long and cepting the fringed gentian, G. crill ita, are white; not the dead, cold "vhite is Gentiana po'rphyrio. Its hardiness of many white buttercups; but the and easy manner of culture also com­ delicate, transluce nt white of a Pa­ mend it. Its petals are of the inde­ per White Narcissus. They open out scribable "gentian blue" color v"ith quite flat and expose a bunch of markings of green and yellow in the golden stamens. Between the petals, throat that are most striking. It likes the pink-flushed paJ.e green sepals can a sandy acid soil among pines, pre­ be seen. In young plants the stem is fers some moisture, but grows in but two or three inches long, but in hard baked loam when once estab­ old er plants the stem grows up to lished. It propagates easily from seed nine inches and may carry three flow­ and is a true perennial with large, ers. The whole plant di es down again fl es hy roots. in June and its position should be ANNIE L EE R. CLEMENT. marked lest it be lost and hoed Asheville, N. C. through. Seeds are freely produced in Southern England and should be M'y Mystery Pla11t. sown as soon as possible after ripen­ About ten years ago, while driving ing, as ranunculus seeds quickly lose along a country road in Michigan on their viability. a hot July day, I spied a jewel-red H. s. BOOTHMAN. flower growing alone on a dusty Maidenhead, England. bank and, arrested by its clear, beauti- Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZI NE 365

Geo rgI! ill asa [See paO"e 3G 4] C ell fia,na por pli'),rio 366 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 ful color, I made a mental note as to identified the plant beyond a doubt the location of the plant. It seemed as Cilia coronopifolia, or Cilia rubra. so alone and away from any house or Later in the summer I saw a group garden that I thought it must be of little, first-yea~ plants of it grow­ some native wildling with which I ing in an experimental garden at was not familiar. Late that night, the Michigan State College. The in­ on our .return, I was able to find the fants were labeled Cilia coronopifolia plant again, thanks to the light of the and the man in charge told me that full moon. We dug it and carefully the plant was an old favorite in gar­ placed it in our own garden border dens of fifty years ago but is no at Harbor Beach, where it thrived longer in style. It is also called and proved to be a biennial. Standing Cypress. N one of our friends had ever seen Evidently my original mystery the plant so we still had to wonder plant was a seedling strayed from about its identity. Meanwhile it grew some old lost garden and persisting taller under cultivation and multiplied down the years long enough to pro­ generously from seedlings. Still it vide me with the greatest thrill of my was the unknown! garden career. It was with a real thrill that I MARION L. HUGHES. came upon, in a famous Miohigan Detroit, Michigan. garden, a large patch of my flowers under cultivation. "At last," I said, Rhododend1'on f1'agm'l1tissi1'/'1l!t1n Hort. "We shall know its name!" But I (See page 369.) spoke too soon, for, sad to relate, as so sadly may happen in a garden, my The large genus Rhododendron, hostess knew neither its name nor now engaging the increasing attention whence it came! The gardener was of many of our more discriminating away and the wooden label quite un­ gardeners, includes many diverse Sec­ readable! The mystery still continued. tions and Series, of various value as garden material. Usually hardiness is As our supply increased, we planted an essential prerequisite to any species the tall elegant spikes in great dri fts with a long cedar hedge for a back­ or hybrid under consideration, but ground, where its gracefully swaying, even some of the more tender items fQur-~oot stalks, clothed in elegant, often possess some outstanding char­ fine feathery, delicate green foliage acter, making them sufficiently de­ topped by gleaming, inch-long trum­ sirable to warrant giving tthem green­ pets, have excited much admiration house space or special care out of from visitors, none of whom, how­ doors. Among these characters fra­ ever, could furnish the name of my grance is only rarely thought of in mystery plant, nor could remember connection with the genus Rhododen­ having seen it before. Not being a d1'on, but just this is the essential and botanist, I lacked the scientific train­ outstanding quality of the Series Mad­ ing to trace it through to its genus denio As the other groups of the and species. genus, this one also readily hybridizes, Help finally came this summer, and one of the best of the resultant after my ten-year wait, in the person crosses is herewith presented in fac­ of a visiting friend who competently simile. Rhododendron fmgrantissi1'1'LU11'L hrought out her Gray's Botany and is indeed the most fragrant, as its Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 367

Michael Carrot! [See page 368] Primula /ml'l'erulenta 368 T H E NATION AL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 name implies. Its fl owers are deli­ crimson reds li sted in the trade. The ci ously aromatic and spicy, reminis­ fl owers of the plant illustrated are cent of nutmeg, etc. They average deep salmon pink. about 3 to 4 ioches ill1 di amet er ; their P1'i111{,~tla p ~(l Ve r u.le l 1ta resembles ja­ shape and substance is remarkably po ni ca, which is a near relative in like that of a white lily. Contrary to general structure and habit except in most other Rhododendrons, this group height, in which it far surpasses it is not in the least harmed by being by attaining three feet in a good loca­ cut or pruned, even quite severely, so tion, until it looks not unlike a giant that the fl owering branches are avaii­ japo11 ica. Although it will grow, as abl e for decorative work in the house. is often recommended. in the peren­ Cultural requirements are similar to ni al border, I find it does best and is others of the genus, except that the happiest by the edge of a pond or in entire Series is tender, being native the bog garden if given a position to the Himalayas, Burma, and South­ above the water line. western China. Ordinarily the sub­ The bl ooming period in the spring ject here discussed is hardy in Cen­ is usually two months long with tral, Coastal, and Southern California. fl owers in whorls that develop in suc­ Partial shade is usually desirable; cessIOn one abo\" e the other. As the abundant moisture, acid soil, leaf fl owers on one whorl fade those on mold and shelter from cutting winds the next begin to open. The old are of course essential. P ropagation blooms drop off. leaving a neat fl ower from cuttings of half-ripe wood of stalk on which the lower whorls de­ the season is usually easy, June Lein g velop seed capsul es. as a rule the best time to accompli sh It is now September and I noticed this. today that bl oom stalks are again ap­ R . i'ragrantissi11l%11I is presumed to pearing, probably the result of our have ori ginated from crossing R . wet SUl11m er in this section. Its spot i 01'111OS u.n'l. and R. Edge'Worthii, both of color is appreciated by me quite as f rom the Himalayas. much in the autumn as in the spring, ERIC WALTHER. even though unusual. San Francisco, Calif. IVAN 1'\. ANDERSON . Ball ton, Va. P 1"im.u.la pu.h'er%lenta Duthie (See page 367. ) Urceol-i'll a '/II,i'lliata Benth, and H ooker. ( See page 292.) Since its introduction in 1905 from the mountains of W estern China This South America n amary llid is where it was found growi ng :llong an interesting plant with a bulb more streams at an altitude of from eight or less like a moderate sized narcis­ to ten thousand feet, nurserymen sus. I have no note as to how it have done much to increase the color grows in its native home, but 1ik e range of this primula. The original some other amaryllids, it grows well color , which was rosy-purple or violet, enough in a pot here, with results has been increased through seedling that vary somewhat according to the variation and selection until now we trea1ment. This causecl some confu­ find colors from pale pink, through sion with our specimens, for the notes salmon and apricot pinks to deep say that this species fl owers before its Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 36')

Eric Walther [See page 366] Rhododelldroll fragra11tissi11l7l111

leaves develop and ours flowered firSit these developed so rapidly that onl y with their leaves. A second summer, the leaf tips showed. the rest period \-vas continued until If the plants fl ower in this fashion, the fl ower shoots started to pu hand they iook be t if several bulbs are in 370 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

each pot, as the naked scapes rise flower a second time, if the spent little more than a foot wi,th flowers, branches are pruned off and new as shown in the illustration, of a bril­ growth stimulated by watering and liant scarlet color. If cut, they last feeding. as well , as do nerines. Propagation is ,extremely simple, all Washington, D. C. kinds of cuttings apparently rooting with equal facility. Abelia fion'bunda Deca:sne In :the drier parts of California, at (See page 371.) least, a somewhat moister, and per­ Of the over 1500 items added to haps partly shaded, location should be the collections of Golden Gate Park, chosen for this and some experienc.~s within the last 8 years, the finest is seem to indicate that Abelia fiori­ easily the subject of our appended bunda is impatient of alkaline soil or photograph. It is to be regretted that water. this could not have been in natural ERIC WALTHER. colors, b~t an idea may be had of its San Francisco, Calif. character by comparison with Ridg­ way's color chart, where flowers of h-is Danfo·rdiae Foster Abelia fioribunda would be classed as (See page 373.) "Aster Purple" to "Indian Lake." It is perhaps both unfair and W1- If "fioribunda" means abundantly flowering, this abelia is indeed well reasonable to show a picture of an named, as each of its many 3-foot­ iris species that one has never seen, long branches is literally loaded down especially when one must so obviously to the ground with hundreds of blos­ fall back on books to elaborate any soms, each averaging about 1 % inches notes. The picture accompanying in length, and literally covering the comes fr0111 Mr. Millards' garden at plant until not a leaf can be seen. Felbridge, England, and the basis of That such a choice ornamental the notes is Dykes' "Genus Iris." Any sops for consci,ence that may be should have remained unknown here needed lie in the fact that this is a for so long is a puzzle, since it has species much to be desired, now that been grown in England and France retic-ulata and histr·ioides have decided for well over one hundred years. Abelia fi01'ibunda is indigeno~ls to that the American scene is a suitable Mexico, the subalpine r,egions of new home. Mount Orizaba being its particular Except for la drawing of the cap­ habitat. It is apparently quite hardy sule, the plant is not figured in Dykes. in California, having safely withstood It belongs in the Reticulata Section our last, exceptional, winter, when and the capsule is drawn to show its the thermometer on one occasion comparative relationship to the cap­ dropped down to 24 degrees Fahren­ sule of I. reticulata itself. heit in San Francisco. In the East­ Confused in the early literature ern United States of course this mnst with some other species, due to im­ remain a greenhouse subject, hut perfect herbarium material, it was not might perhaps be planted in the open until Sir Michael Foster worked on during the summer. With a little bulbous iris that its proper place was management it may be induced to determined in the Reticulata Section. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 371

[See page 370] Abelia floribwnda

According to Dykes, it is valued for ish ground color and set off by a bril­ it brilliant color and early fl owering. li ant "orange median ridge." The The falls are a sort of olive green, standards are very small, scarcely dotted and blotched over the yellow- more than "minute, erect, yellow 372 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 spines," which again differentiate this are always woody; but some genera, iris from its fellows. as Hypericum or Euphorbia, have vVashingtoll, D. C. everything. No mention is made of biennials; these have to be counted as The Perils of Humting Hardy perennials but eventually they each Perennials. get a black mark on my list, for I will not bother to grow the transient When it was decided to make a biennial when there are more lasting spare-time study of the perennials species. To -be sure that a name rep­ possibly hardy in this part of the resents a perennial, is a great un­ world no one could say how much of certainty. a task this would be. From approxi­ There is little definite information mate count there seem to be at least on bloom, height or color of many 20,000 species of hardy perennial native plants in the manuals. Even herbs, and perhaps nearly as many Bailey and Johnson leave these out garden varieties. The Kew Handlist frequently, or flatly contradict. The gives some 10,000 species as having botanists are not interested beyond been tried in those gardens. Thus the distinguishing characters of this half of the species of hardy herbs species from its geographic neighbor, known to botany have not been tried and few keys to a genus through its in gardens of Europe, and but one­ world range have ever been made. fourth of my total are at all common The help of books in description is in American gardens. The size of but fragmentary (and not wholly re­ the undertaking makes the task a fl1l1- liable). How am I to know what to time labor. do if my plant and its only available There is no reference check-list of description do not agree? hardy perennials; I have had to com­ It is difficult to get seeds beyond pile one from many and varied un­ those of the common species. Seeds trustworthy sources. The names in of native plants from native sources the Index Kewensis give no indica­ are just beginning to be offered. First tion as to the form of the plant even catch your dealers, and then trust to in its native home. There are few their botanical knowledge and care in modern 1110nographs on perennial gen­ packing. There is no way of know­ era; the older ones are revised by later ing that a lot of seed is true to name, botanists, and there is great contra­ except by growing it. There is often diction among these experts. My first no way of checking the resulting plant great peril of falling in error came to see if it is not true; but the name from the indecisions (or too many on the package does not make the decisions) of botany. Horticulture plant grow into that one. It is best cannot do much until botany gets its to suspect that it is not, until you can house in order. verify it by recognized botanical de­ The botany manuals do not usually scription. The choicest seed often say whether a plant is annual or evolves into a species already com­ perennial in the wild. They often say mon in your beds. when it is woody; but what is to be In these untried species the germina­ clone with little evergreen shrubs as tion is very poor; the seed is old or species of Iberis. Pentstemon or only dust may have been put in the Thyme? Some genera are wholly an­ packet; or it may have been picked nual; sOl11e wholly perennial ; some altogether too green. Many genera, Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 373

Donald Merrett © [See page 371] his Damfordiae as acon.itum, germinate but slowly or even with careful watering and shad­ only under special conditions. To be ing of seedlings. There is always a germination expert, even if the seed carelessness in workmen, and over­ is potentially viable, requires the high­ carefulness in loving care; but wo do est of abi lity as a gardener. The not always know the particular condi­ mortality the first weeks is very great, tions that some plants require. And 374 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 these seedlings are as full of contra­ pervivul11 ! Much material in nurser­ dictions as children. Some marsh ies, beyond the common species, is not plants damp off if you give them true to name. The busy nurseryman much water, while Sedum seedlings has neither time nor skill to re-name will grow very fast if you keep them his plants. There is no standardiza­ quite wet. tion at all of named varieties. The The seedlings are big enough to go hemerocallis hybrids are going Ito be out into the beds. More and bitter a horrible example. There should be disappointment! The best growers complete collections for reference of turn out to be annuals or weedy per­ all groups of named varieties, partiCtl­ ennials. The first to bloom in a group larly those not under the care of a of a genus are sure to be of little special plant society. flower value. How I dislike to see Special genera should be undertaken another robust silene get ready to by willing amateurs. Notes and photo­ flower! The seedlings that promptly graphs can then be taken. There is died after planting out were of rare too much copying of older books in and desirable dwarf campanulas, and modern garden writings. Botanical C. rapunculoides never refuses to live. monographs are often too technical. There is no way of knowing what with little observation on garden cul­ soil conditions a new plant requires. ture and values. The Praeger mono­ It must live through dry summers graph on Sedu111s should be extended and wet winters. Many die of natural to all genera. This is a life-time job causes soon after blooming. Just be­ for at least a dozen devoted workers. cause you have captured a few seeds This work of testing perennials for from some distant mountain with the garden values should be organized as help of a collector, have helped them a national movement, for results in to germinate and lovingly put them one corner of our country are not the in a spot that suits your fancy (and whole story. Then "Hardy Peren­ hope is equally situable to them), all nials, Inc." should ask help, receive this does not insure that you will have assistance and cooperate with all plant a new perennial. Too often they turn societies with trial gardens in many up their toes (literally) at the condi­ states in all quarters of our land. The tions of a new continent, and vanish office records and findings should be to return to their beloved native hom ~ . in triplicate at least, and data as soon Well, try again. And when your as of proved value should be pub­ new plant is verified by the best that lished. In twenty years or so a real botanists offer, then you have a new American Cyclopedia of hardy herbs perennial to love, cherish and study. could be compiled. What a boon and There is great need of this growing, a milestone this to American gar­ testing and comparing of hardy herbs. dening! Many amateurs are working in groups STEPHEN F. HAMBLIN. of perennials, very much in the dark. The Lexington (Mass.) Botanic How great a darkness is about Sem- Garden. Index for Volume 12 Figures in itaLics indicate illustrations

Abelia jlo1'ibunda ------______370, 371 Gray Foliage ______42 Acacia acinacea, ______26 H edges ______42 alata ------______3, 6 In California ______1 armata ______5, 6, 18, 26 Native to the SouthwesL __ 261 arm,en tac e a ______262 Pot P lants ______44 B aileyana ______26 P ropaga ti on ______44 B e1'landieri ______262 Seashore P lanting ______44 calamifolia ------______7, 8 Shade T olerant ______44- C'ultriformis ______8, 9 Small Home Grounds______44 cyano /' hila ______38 Specimens ______:______44 cye! ops -______8, 11 Alexander, E. J.: aecu1'1'ens dealbata, 10, 12, 26 Iris chrysophoenicea ______77 decu1'1'ens mollis ------13, 14 Allium triquet1'um ______72, 73 dodonaeifolia ______1 4, 15 Amaryllis Society ______258 elata ------______16, 17 A11ILygdaius C01111,munis ______123 F arnesiana ______262 Anderson, I. N _: filic oides ______262 Cam panula 1'apunculoides _ 168 glauc esc ens ______42 Nierem bergia rivulG1,is ______274 G1' e g gii ______262 P rimula pulverulenta -.367, 368 hastulata ------______1 6, 18 Verbena canadensis ______72 lwa ______16, 21 A ndrews, D _ M , : leptoclada ______18, 22, 23 A Garden of Pen:tstemons 284 longifolia ______2 0, 24 Androsace san1w ntosa ______350, 351 longifolia jlO1,ibunda _____ 20, 25 Anth e1,nis nobilis ______228 m elanoxylon ______18, 20, 26, 27 tinctoria ______228 obliqua ______26, 28 Tinc toria K elw ayi ______228 pentadenia ______26, 29 Aquilegia SaXi11'LOn tana ______162, 164 pol)lbotrya ______42 A rboretum, A N ew ______268 pravissi111a ______26 , 31 A rborvitae, Species oL ______136 pub esc ens ______30, 32, 34 A rme1'ia ca es pitosa ______350, 351 p'jlcnantha ______30, 33, 38 A1'te111,es';,a ab1'otanu1111, ______233 r e t'ino des ______34, 35 absinthum ______228, 232 R iceana ______34, 36 dracuncu,[us ______233 R oem e1'iana ____ . ______262 f 1'ig1:da ______233 salicina ______34- lac ti jl ora ______233 salicina Wayae ______34, 35 Pon tica ______---_------233 sa ligna ______38, 39 se1'1'ata ______233 spectabil'is ______42 stelleriana ______233 steno-ptera ______3, 6, 38 vulgaris ______233 temtifolia ______A O, 41 A rctostaphylos Andersonii ______100 vert ic i llat a ______A O, 43 bicolor ______,------98 ve s tit a ______42 gland ulosa ______100 Acacias, Fragrant W ood ______42 glauca ______98 F orest Timber Trees ______42 H ookeri ______97, 97, 99 r 375 1 376 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

'insula1'is ______100 stellaris ______302 manzanita ______98 t e1'1' est ris ______302 mariposa ______101 volttbilis ______302 mY1,tifolia ______97, 98 Buddleia a1ternifolia ______361, 362 nevadensis ______96, 97, 98 Camp.anu,la 1'apunculoides ______168, 169 11U111w/,ula1'ia ______97 Carissa bispil1 osa ______158 patula ______98 carandas ______158

PU 111iila ______96, 97, 97 e d~tlis ______158 sensitiva ______97, 98 grandiflo,ra ______154, 155, 157 tomentosa ______97, 100 ovata ______158 uva-U1' St ______96 C astania 111 ollis sima ______123 viSC1:da ______98 spp. ______124 Balthis, Frank: Chayote, The ______337, 337, 339 Horticultural Features at Chrysanthemum, Japanese Moun- A Century of Progress 281 tain ______150 B orag 0 laxi flora ______230 Clematis grata ______68 o fficinalis ______174, 176 heracleifolia Davidia?1a ____ 67 B oykinia ] amesii ______263, 263 ] ouiniana ______67 Box, A R ecord Planting of ______245 paniculata ______67 Bridwell, W. A.: vitalba ______67 R uellia ciliosa ______166 Clement, Annie L. R.: Brodiaea Bridgesii ______"______300 H ymenocallis occ1:delltaiis.- 168 calif ontica ______302 Gentiana porphyrio ______364 candida ______300 Climbing Roses ______86 capitata ______304 Conifers, Our Deciduous______48 co c nnea ______304 C o1"ylus a11'l,e1'ica'na ______122 Cl'ocea ______" 300 avell ana ______123, ] 27 D ouglasii ______300 Crocus sativus ______230 Eastwoodiana ______300 spec iosu s ______152 filif olia ______302 z onatu s ______152 gra11 di flora ______302 De Bevoise, Florens: H ende1'sonii ______300 Saxi f rage Notes IV ______129 H owellii ______300 Dianthus carj,ophjlllatus ______228 H owellii lilacina ______300 Dictamnus f raxinella alba ______230 ixioides ______299 Fagan, F. N.: ixioides splendens ______305 Nut Tr·ees in Pennsylvania la c tea ______298, 299 Horticulture ______254 lactea lilacina ______300 F ei j a.a, The ______241 lax a ______300, 301 F cijoa Sel/o'luia,na, 240, 241 , 243, 248 laxa, Blue King ______300 Foote, Florence Edna: lax a candida ______300 Schedule for Judging N ar- laxa Tracyi ______300 C! SS! ______.______54 111ultiflora ------303, 304 Fox, Helen M.: Orcuttii ______302 Borago ofjicinalis ______176 peduncuba?-is ______300 Concerning T ea _____ .______62 pulchella ______304 Herbs for Ornament ______227 Purdyi ______:____ 302 Lilium, Backhouse Hybrids 162 rosea ______302 Report of the Lily Confer- Oct. , 1933 THE NAT IONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 377 ence of 1933 (R. H . S.) ____ 317 E lias V oet ______329 Gable, J oseph B.: Gerrit Van Hees ._ __. __ ___ . __ _._ 328 Un u s u a, l R hododendron Golden Bronze _. ______329 Hybrids _____ . ______. ____. ____ ._ 25 7 Golden Glory ______. __ ___ 328 Gates, Howard E.: Jacob Adrien Matham . ____ 328 Glaucothea G?'11wta ____ _. ______161 J aw b de WiL._. ___. ___ _.. _. ____ 328 Gentiana porph,)wio ______. 364, 365 Jan Weenix _____ . _____ ... ______329 G e ra1~iu111, sanguineum p'rost1'a- Leonardo cia Vinci __ . ______328 tum, -______95) 100 Poggenbeeck ___ __. __ .. ____ _. _____ . 328 Gersdorff, Charles E. F.: S. Van RuysdaeL______.. ___ __ 326 N otes on Bulbous I ris. ______325 Therese Schwartz ______. __ 328 Gertrude Jekyll __.______94 W hite E xcelsior ___ . ______328 Glaucothea Gfnnata ______._ 161, 163 W . Verschuur __. ______329 Grevillea Thele1%anniana __ . __ . ______270 W . ZuidervelcIt _. . ___ ._. ______. 326 H amblin, Stephen H .: Yellow Queen _. ______. ______326 Hunting Hardy Perennials 372 Iris, English: Henry, Mary G. : Blue Hesperus _. ___. ______._ 329 A Few Uncommon Oaks 45 Iris, Spanish : Grevillea Thelemanniana._ 270 Golden Lion ._. ___ .. ___ ._. ___ __.. _ 329 L eptode1'mis oblonga ____ _. __ 271 Golden Wonder . ______. ______329 OS111-G1'ea B '/,w!?woodii _. ___ . __ 109 J ones, Katharine D ..: R~t e llia fo·rmosa ______. ___ ._ .. _ 166 Acacias in California ______1 Herbs for O rnamenL ____ .. __ ._. ______277 ] uglans cine1'ea ______. ___ . __ . ______.. __ ._ 125 H iC01·ia pecan _____ .___ . ______126 nigm ______. ___ .. __ .. ______122, 124 ovali s ______. ______... _.______126 Sieboldiana ______.. ______. __ .. _. __ 124 ovata ______. ___ ._. ______.. ___ ._. 126 Ka.lmiopsis L eachiana ______... ___ 172, 173 Hostetter, L. K . : K ennedya p1'ostmta 11'ba.jo·r ______362 Growing Black W alnut T rees 252 King, Mrs. Francis : H ughes, Marion L. : Gertrude J eky 11 ______.__ 94 My Mystery Plant ______. 366 Lavandula spica _____ . __ ._. ______. ______229 H Y1nen ocallis occidentalis _____ .168, 170 ve1'a ______._ __... __ .__ __ . ___ ._. 229 Idealist in the Garden.______147, 330 L eptoderm is oblo11ga ___ .. ___ . ___ . ___ .. _ 27 1 h£s chrysae ola _. __._. ____ . ______. to face 77 L ewisia colU11'Lb iG11 /;£ 111, __ .. __ ._. __ ._ 59, 61 dwysophoenicea _____. ___ .. __ .__ 77 c oty!e d 0 IL ______. ___ . ____ . __ ._.___ _ 61 Da.nf01'd'ia e ______370, 373 F inch i·i ___ . ___ ._____ ._ .. _____ . ____ .58, 61 D ouglasiana. __. ___ .__ . _. _____ .70, 71 H eclmc1·i _____ . _____ ._ ... _... __ . __ . __ ._ 61 Pi folia. --.-.-.. ______. ___ . ____ .______325 pyg17'la.ea ______. ______._. __ .______59 filifol·ia Im.perator ______327, 329 1'ediviva ______.58, 59, 61 histrioides major ______175) 170 triphylla ______. ______.__ 59 1'eticulata ____ . __ . __ . ______. ______326 T w eedyi ______. __ ... ______59, 60 tingitana.) The First._____ . _____ 326 Liliul11, Backhouse H ybri ds .. _. 162, 165 ting·ita.Jl G.) W edgewoo d ___ ._ 326 Lily Conference of 1933 ______317 Iris, Dutch : L011icem fragraJltissi11Ia ______.. _____ 227 A. Bloemaard ____ . __ . ______.. 326 syriJl ga ntha W olfi i ______.___ .227 Abraham Storck __ . ______328 Marriage, Mrs. G. R. : Adrian Backer __ . ____ . ____ .. __ . 326 Aqlfi! egia sGxi11loJltaJla . _____ 126 D. Haring ____ ._. __ .. _.. ___ .. ____ .. 328 PelZtstell/ oJl Cralldallii _._.. 161 E. B. Garnier.. .. -_ ..... 32-1, 329 T wo Pike' Peak Saxi- 378 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

f rages ______263 Nut Trees in Pennsylvania McFarland, J. Horace : Selecting and Grafting Climbing Roses ______86 New Varieties ______356 McIlvaine, Frances Edge: Oaks, A Few Uncommon ______45 M tlscari ______267 OS11tLarea BU1'kwoodii ______109 McKay, M _ B. (with M_ F. Peckham, E . A S_: W arner) : Iris clwysophoenicea ______77 Historic Sketch of Tulip P entste1110n albidus ______287 Mosaic ______179 alpinus ______288 Iv! entha argentea ______232 al, nbig~tus ______287 crisp a ______232 angustifolius ______287, 287 gat t e f oss ei ______232 caespitosus ______290 longifolia l1'LOllissi111a ______232 Crandallii ______161 , 162 1'e quieni ______232 eriantheru s ______287 1'otundifolia ______232 gmcilis ______289 rotundifolia argentea ______232 grandifiorus ______288 Millard, F. W . : H all'ii ______289 Seed Sowing ______78 H ar b 0 ~t1'ii ______290 Miner, Alice: procerus ______290 ABC's of Rock Garden- saxosontm ______. ______290 ing ______III , IV, 102, 343 secundifio1'tls ______288, 289 M ona1'da jist'ulosa ______227 strictus ______288 salw/'onea ______227 T orreyi ______.______288 Morrill, Lily Logan: Trichande,' ______288 A Record Planting of Box 246 unilateralis ______. ___ __ 288 M $t scari ______267 vi1' en s ______290, 291 Narcissi, A Schedule for Judging 54 Philadelphus Virginal ______227 N epeta cata1'ia ______234 Pines, The Forms oL______217 dictans ______234, 235 Pinus A " 111an di ______. ______220, 221 granatensis ______234 c embr ioid e s ______224 macmntha ______234 ce 'lnb1'ioid e s ?nono - Mus sini ______234 phylla ______222, 225 rac e11tLOSa ______234 densifi01'a ______308 Souv_ d' Andre Chaudron _ 236 excelsGr ______218, 219 ucramca ______236 111,ug 0 ______310

violacea ______236 111/'$tgO 1'ostrata ______310, 311 Newcomer, E. J.: WLUgO 1'ot$tndata ______310, 312 Lewisias in Their Native parz'ifiom ______.222, 223 Home ______58 ponderosa ______224, 226 Nielson, J. A: ponderosa scopu.lontm ______224 The C rat h Carpathian nig1'a a,ust?'iaca ______312 Walnut ______251 nigra cebenensis ______311, 314 Nie1'e111,be1'gia rivularis ______274, 276 nigra monspelie11sis _ 314, 316 Nut Culture in the Northeast _____ 121 nigra 11wnst?'osa ______3 15, 316 N ut Growing, What I Have tabulaef or11'Lis ______308, 309 Done ______134 Thunbergii ______306, 307 Nut Trees in Pennsylvania Que1'CUS B aroni ______47 Horticulture, The Place for 254 dum,osa ______45 Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 379

H a:rva1'dii ______46 Cloire de Di j 011 ______89 P h ellos ______46 Golden Salmon ______295 pU111ila ______45 Hermosa ______. ______. 296 undu lata ______45 J essie ______.______295 v'IIl'g1mana ______.______45 Katharina Zeimet ______295 virginiana hete1'ophylla ____ 45 La Marne ______295 Ranunculus calandrinioides ___ 363, 364 Laurette Messimy ______296 Reed, C. A.: Marechal Neil ______... ___ .__ 92 Nut Culture in the N orth- Miss Marion Manifold ___ __ 89 east ______.__ 121 Mrs. Arthur Curtiss James 90 Rhododendron fragrcmtissimu111 __ 366 N ora Cunningham _.______89 Rhododendron Hybrids, Unusual 258 Pompon de Paris ______294 RiUenhouse, J S.: Sa f rano ______.__ 90 What I Have Done in Scorcher -- __ .______89 Nut Gr'owing ______134 Souv. de Pres. CarnoL____ 90 Rock Gardens (Pictures) -- ______81-85 viridiflora ______. ______296 Rock Gardening, The ABC's Zepherine Drouhin ______92 of-II I, IV ------______102, 343 Roses, Dwarf ____ . ____ .______293 Rosa B anksia ___ __ .______92 Rowntree, Lester: bracteata ______.______90, 92 California Manzanitas ____ _ 96 c hinensis 111Jini111a ______294 R uellia ciliosa ______,_ 147, 166, 167 foe tida ______92 f 01'11wsa ------. ------__ 166 foliolosa ______.___ .. ___ . 296 Russell , Paul: genttHana ______86 Oriental Cherry,. Amano- gigantea ______86 ga wa ______170 h1J£g onis __ . ______.______88 Ori,enl1:a l Cherry, Oh-Nan- laevigata (Cherokee) ____ 92, 93 den ___ .______.______68 Lawramceana ______. ______294 Oriental Cherry, Shirotae 272 nitida ______._ ___ 296 Ryerson, Knowles A.: R ou.letti ____ .______148, 297 The Carissa or Natal Plum 154 rub rif olia ______. ______.______227 The F ei j oa ______241 setigera ______.86, 92 Salvia 0 fficinalis ______228 spithamea ______296 scla1'ea hwhestanica _. ______228 ste II at a ______297 Santolina chamaecYPa1'iss1Jfs ______230 wichumiana ______. ______._ 89 S atu1' e ia al pi 11 a ______.______. ______238 Rose, Baby Doll ______294 cl'oatica ______. ____ 238

Baby Tausendschon ______295 c ,me1, --f 0 l'W ______.__ ?3q~ _ Belle of PortugaL______92 ho rt e 71,sis ______. ______. __ 238 Black Boy ______89 montana ______229, 239 Breeze Hill ---- __ . ___ . ____ . __ 90, 91 nepeta ______. ______.. _____ . 239 Cecile Brunner ______294 1'e pandens ______. ___ . ______239 Countess of Stradbroke.___ 89 ste no ph'ylla ______. ____ . ____ 239 Cramoisi Superi eur ______296 Sa.x-if1'aga nlldrosacea ______133 Daydream ______89 aqU

camposii ______129 ascendens nu,tans ______.48, 53 c hrysanthus ______263, 263 distichu111, ______.48, 49, 51 C libmni ______129 distichum pendulu1n48, 50, 51 c uneata ______129 T ea, Concerning ______62 decipiens ______131, 131 T e~£Cr1:u11 1, chamaed1'Ys .______230 decipiens grandifio1'a ______133 Thuja koraiensis ______. 137, 142 Ditton Crimson ____ . ______. 133 occidentalis ______13 6, 138, 139 exa:rat eae ______130 occidentalis geranioide s ______. 132 Ellwangeriana ______.137, 138 Guilford Seedling ______133 orientalis ______. 136, 144, 145 h y pno id es ______133 on'entahs Rosedale __ __ .137, 138 lv1 aweana ______129 p licat a ______138, 141 11'£ U sc oid e s ______133 Standishii ______140, 143 ne'vad ensis ______131 sutchuenensis _____ .______142 l ing 'b~lat a ______.______353 Thymus azo'Y'icus ______236 Pe dati fida ______. ____ 132 erectus ______236 pede1nonta1'la ______132 herba-baronae ______236 sanguine a s I,~p e rba ______133 nitidus ______236 sponhemica ______132 serpyllu111, ______236 h'ilu1'C a.t a ______1 29, 130 serp},zlu7n albus ______238 Wallacei ______130, 130 scrpyllU11'L argenteus ______237 Scruggs, Marian and Margaret: serp}lllum aurreus ______237 Acacias Nat i veto the serpyllu1n ca1'1'/,eus ______237 Southwest ______.______26 serpyllu1n cit'Yiodon£s ______237 Seed Sowing ______78 S e 1' p}l lh£11~ cit l' i 0 d 0 r u s Sherrard, Drew: aureus ______237 Kalmiopsis L each eana ______172 se1' pyllu1n coccineus ______237 Two Ladies from, Spain ____ 264 serpyllU11'L lanuginosus 230, 237 Slavin, Arthur D.: serp}illum minus ______237 Forms of Pine ______217 serpyllum 'roseus ______237 Our Deciduous Conif·e rs____ 48 se1'p}illu11'1, s plendens ______237 Species of A rborviltae______136 vulgaris ______.227, 236 Spingarn, J. E.: Tulip Mosaic, Historical Sketch 177 Clemat'is ] oiuniana ______.__ 67 U1'ceolina 11'1iniata ______.292, 369 Ste1'nbe1'gia lutea ______.____ 152 Vale1'ia.na ofjic i1'bal is ______227 11'I.(LC1'a:ntha ______152 Verbena ca'nadensis ______]2, 74 Sturtevant, Robert S.: Virb~£rm£m Carlesii ______. ______227 Six Studies of the Front Viola gracilis ______147 Yard with P lanting P lans 110 Warner, M. F. (with W. B. Mc- Stym:c obassia ----______.271 , 273 K ay) : Talin-um calycinu1n ______148 Historical Sketch of Tulip Tanacetum bo'reale ______234 Mosai c ______177 herderi ______233 Young, Robert A. : hU1'ohensis ______234 The Chayote _____ 337, 337, 339 pseudoachillea ______234 Zimmerman, G. A.: vulgare ______233 Selection and Grafting of , v~dga1'e c1'ispum ______233 New Varieties of Nut Ta:codiu11~ ascendens 48, 52, 53 Trees in Pennsylvania _ 356 Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE 111

Membership Renewals For 1934

You will assist greatly in saving expenses of printing, han­ dling and mailing, if you will fill out the blank at the bottom of this page and send in your dues to the Secretary now. Please be careful to write clearly and give your full address.

Since practically the entire income from dues, aside from han­ dling charges, is used in the publication of the magazine, any savings are to your advantage.

Do not forget to find a new member, and to give subscriptions for Christmas gifts.

Mail to MR. C. C. THOMAS, Secretary

211 SPRUCE STREET

TAKOMA PARK, D. C.

FROM M ______.______.------. -- ---

Address ______. ______------

CHECK $3.00 0 RENEWAL 0 NEW MEMBER $100_00 0 LlFE_ l V THE NATIONAL H ORTICULT URAL MAGAZINE Oct, 1933

To be published in the late autumn, 1933

An Important Work

THE GENUS MECONOPSIS

A DESCRIPTION OF THE KNOWN SPECIES

BY

GEORGE TAYLOR, B. Sc.

Together with chapters on their garden value and cultivation

BY E. H. M. Cox, Editor The New Flora and Silva With 24 Plates f l-postage Is.

T HIS book will fill the long felt want of a comprehensive and definite work on this most lovely genus which is becoming yearly more important to our gardens.

Illustrations, printing and paper will be of that excellence for which The New Flora and Silva is already noted.

An illustrated prospectus will be issued shortly and will be sent post free on application to the publishers.

The Genus Meconopsis will make an admirable Christmas Present for gardening friends.

NEW FLORA AND SILVA, LTD. 32 OLD BOND STREET LONDON, W. 1, ENGLAND Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE v

Now You Can Get the Hardy Blue Lily of the Nile

A GAP ANTHUS MOOREANUS 15 a tru:y lovely plaut for near a pool. Now introdu'ced by us for the first time in this country. Absolutely hardy. Foliage is iris-like. Blooms on stiff slender stalks carrying showy cluster-heads of true Nile-blue lily-like flowers. Grows about 24 inches. Thrives in sun or light shade. Not to be confused with Umbellatus, which is not hardy and is used as a tub plant only. Supply is l:imited and its planting time BLUE LILY OF THE NILE is here. for $ 1.70 12 lor $ 5.00 Am reminding you that we guarantee 100 for $40.00 s'atisfaction, and see to it that you get it.

Owners: Elmer H. Schultz and J. J. Grullemans 36 M~ntor Avent''>. Mentor. Ohio AMERICA'S FINEST PLANTS AND BULBS

FOR EVERY GARDENER Sound enough for the professional, yet simple enough for the amateur, the Gardeners' Chronicle is America's finest garden monthly. Every issue is filled with practical, timely information attrac. tively presented. Whether your interest is in roses or rock gardens, the greenhouse or the vege. table patch, you will find expert advice in this maga.:ine. It costs only $2.00 per year. Singlt­ copies, 25 cents. 522·L FIFTH A VENUE Gardeners' Chronicle NEW YORK CITY ALPINES, FERNS AND SHRUBLETS PEONY ARISTOCRATS For the Rock Garden FOR YOUR YARDS AND GARDENS Best Varieties. Attractive Prices. Native and Imported, Nursery Grown, on Finest quality roots, liberally graded. Sturdy Roots 22nd Annual Catalog ready. Species of Primula, $.35·$1.00; Species of dwarf broom, $.75·$1.25; Species of dwarf spiraea, $.75- HARMEL PEONY COMPANY $1.00; Species of dwarf heath, $.50-$.75; Species (Wholesale Growers) of saxifrages, $.25-$1.25; Species of dwarf Rhodo­ Berlin, Maryland dendron, $.50-$2.50; Rosa rouletti, $.50; Gentiana sino-ornata, $.35; Dryas sundermanni, $.35; Vac­ cinium vitis-idaea, $.50; Boykinia jamesi, $.35; Specimens for Landscaping Mimulus primuloides, $.50; Polemonium carneum, Cedar. of Lebanon - 5 to 25 feet tall $.50. Incense cedars 2 to 15 feet tall Plant List on Request. Many other evergreens all sizes Flowering shrubs. JULIUS ANTHON Iris and hardy azaleas-specialties 2215 East 46th Street, FISHER FLOWERS SEA TTLE, WASH., U. S. A. 640 Anderson Place Memphis, T enn_

The Glen Road Iris Gardens For Advertising R.ates OFFER NEW INTRODUCTIONS and a critical selection of Apply to STANDARD VARIETIES Your want lis t will receive: prompt attention J. STEALEY ELMS GRACE STURTEVANT WELLESLEY FARMS, MASS. Box 27, Kensington, Md. VI THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933 CHOICE DAFFODILS GOVERNMENT INSPECTION Both show and garden varieties, at cA~ moderate prices. FORMALDEHYDE DUST Many rare sorts, not listed, supplied on A seed and so il treating compound which controls seed­ borne diseases, root rots and damping-off or seedlings request. Let me know your needs. and cuttlngs. Write NOW for folder. Safe, Economical and Easily Applied MARY McD. BEIRNE Narcissi S peciaiist Rhodeen, Ashland, Virginia cA~ GARDEN LOVERS visiting Ireland should make a point of seeing COLLOIDAL SULPHUR An effective sulphur fungicide for Flowers, Vegetables, Fruits, Ornamental Shrubs and Trees. LISSADELL GARDENS May safely be used through the entire growing season Remains in suspension without agitating. Does not burr., where a very large collection of Alpine and does not clog nozzle. Pleasant to use. Control red and other Hardy Plants can be seen spider and scale insects. Send for circular, testimonials and price list. growing in Rock Gardens, Moraines, Retaining Walls, etc. Seeds a Specialty-Lists Free

MANAGER, LISSADELL CHEMICAL COMPANY Sligo Irish Free State Marine"e, Wisconsin Modes'o~ California

Good News for Peony Lovers

In order to get the peony manual in the hands of every peony admirer, the Directors have made a drastic reduction. This splendid manual, the finest book of its kind published, can now be obtained for $3.00 postpaid. Supply limited. Act at once if YOt! desire a copy- The manual is a splendid encyclopedia of peony knowledge, and at this bargain price, which is actually below cost of production, it should be in every flower lover's library. A membership in the American Peony Society, which includes four splendid bulletins per year, together with the new peony manual for $6.00. Send all remittances and communications to, W. F. Christman, Secretary AMERICAN PEONY SOCIETY Northbrook, Ill. Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE vii ALPINES FROM THE COLORADO MOUNTAINS Star Roses are Grown in Our Nursery Moraine * Extraordinary Rocky Mt. Columbine- Specially Selected Strain Seed. HEY include choioest novel­ $.50 per pkt. T ties, from famous hybridizers of Europe, for which we have exclusive American rights. Most recent triumph, one which Rose breeders have sought for years, is Condesa de Sastago, a Colorado Springs, Colorado fully double Capucine or Austrian Copper, inside of petals reddish Bulbs -- Pansies N EWfi.•. p copper and outside brilliant yel­ CATALOG: Perennials low. A more than glorified Talis­ We would like to send you our friendly cata­ man on a healthy, vigorous, up­ log-just been printed. right bush. Lists many varieties of Holland Bulbs, includ· ing late novelties. They • will surely please you. Contains other interest­ Send for Catalog of Choicest Noyel­ ing t h i n g 5, such as ties-3D Kinds Shown in Natural Pansies, Rock Plants Colors. and Perennials. Please send for your copy today. • PITZONKA'S The Conard-Pyle Co. Star Rose Growers PANSY FARM ROBERT PYLE, Pres. West G ove 539, Pa. BRJSTOL ,_ ... PENNSYLVAN IA BRISTOL, PENNA .

PAEONIA ARBOREA (Tree Peony) BANKSII Large, double flesh-pink flowers; strong shrubs on their own roots, each $4.00; doz. $44.00. Very large $pecim~1). plants, 8 years old,. bloomed profusely during 1933, at $10.00 each. Also Herbaceous Peonies P. O. Box 11 OBERLIN PEONY GARDENS Sinking Spring, Pa.

Choice Varieties ------Tulips - Narcissi, including Jonquil Hybrids­ ======IRISES Peonies - Hemerocallis - Bearded and Beardless ESPECIALLY Irises Send for Catalogue American Introductions

Tulips - late-flowering mixture, $2.00 per 100. MAY BE FOUND Fancy Darwin Mixture, $3.00 per 100. Narcissi-mixture of many v a rie ties and t ypes, earl ies t to latest, 100 for $3.00, 250 for $6.00. "Over-the-Garden- Wall" All Delivered by Prepaid Mail or Express Mrs. L. W. Kellogg, Owner ORONOGO FLOWER GARDENS Carterville, Mo. 60 N. Main St. W. Hartford, Conn.

BELVOIR MANOR FLOWER FARM RARE AND STANDARD WM. COLEMAN ROGERS ROCK PLANTS and PERENNIALS Waterbury, Md. including Landscape Designers and Nurserymen Alpines, H emerocallis and Sempervivums (Difficult or shady situntions a specialty) New, Rar. and Standard Varieties and Kinds of IVAN N. ANDERSON Alpines. Perenn nls. Shrubs and Evergreens GLEBE ROAD BALLSTON. VA. Vll1 THE NATIONAL HORTICULT URAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

THE W. B. SHAW RARE ENGLISH AQUATIC GARDENS FLOWER SEEDS KENILWORTH WASHINGTON, D. C. Waterlilies for Your Garden -add a new note of interest­ and are easy to grow. 1933 illustrated catalogue, the most 75 Varieties comprehensive ever published, 4,305

Hardy lilies may be different kinds of flower seeds de­ planted from early Spring scribed. thru August-tender lilies in May and June. FLOWERS the first summer Other AQUATICS Also Free on Application to THOMPSON & MORGAN Ipswich, England

CRONAMERE ALPINE NURSERIES

Found in Colonia l days, lost fo" I SO SHORE ROAD, years, t his exquisite native shrubby tree GREENS FARMS, CONN. survives because a n eigh bor of Franklin sent plant s t o P hilad elp hia gardens. Starred with snowy 3-inch, golden-hearted fl owers from August t o late fall , when t hey Large collection of Primulas and co nt rast with brilli ant foliage, F ranklinia is one of the most un usua l plants offered Saxifragas. today. Our exhibit at the I932 Atlantic Ci ty F lower Show created a great sensat ion and won a Gold Medal. Hardy to Boston Rosa Rouletti, the smallest Al­ F ranklinia t hrives wit h rhododendrons and azaleas. pine rose. Continuous bloomer. Splendid plants, r8-24 in. high , $5 each Perfectly hardy. F amous vVhitesbog Blueberries, H olly, Magnolia glau.ca, P ine Barren Gentia n Potentilla onguei, rare and very Climbing Fern, and other native tr eas ure~ T are available. You m ay have descrip tive fo lders if you will send your na me and fine. address. Many vaneties of Androsaces JOSEPH J. WHITE/ Inc. and Lewisias. P. O. Box 32 Whitesbo9, N.J. . .~l Plants acclimatized for ]c...... ;1 Eastern gardens. ~ Oct., 1933 THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL :MAGAZI NE IX

YOUR PATRONAGE BE OF OUR ADVERTISERS SELFISH MEANS PROSPERITY With your Magazine • • • TO THE MAGAZINE THE VERY NEXT TIME your friend or neighbor wishes to bor­ row your magazine, make that time the starting point of an argu­ The ad'Vertisers herein are ment to bring him into the mem­ dealers with a high reputa­ bership of the Society and end it by forwarding his application and tion for quality material dues to Mr. C. C. Thomas, Secre­ and square dealing. Gi'Ve tary, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma them your orders and do Park, Maryland. not fail to mention the • • • With your Magazine Magazine. ]. S. ELMS, Advt. MgT. BE KENSINGTON, MARYLAND SELFISH

THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY

The American Iris Society, since its organization in 1920, has published 45 Bulle­ tins which cover every phase of iris growing and should be useful to all gardeners. The Society has copies of all but three of these Bulletins for sale. A circular giving list of contents of each Bulletin, price, etc., may be secured from the Secretary, J. B. Wallace, 129 Church Street, New Haven, Conn. In order to dispose of surplus stocks of some numbers we offer 6 Bulletins (our selection) for $1.00. Through an endowment given as a memorial to the late Bertrand H. Farr the American Iris Society is able to offer free to all Garden Clubs or Horticultural Societies the use of our traveling library. This library contains all books ever published on Iris and a complete file of the bulletins of this society and The English Iris Society, and miscellaneous pamphlets. The library may be borrowed for one month without charge except the actual ex­ press charges. Organizations desiring it should communicate with the nearest of the following offices: Horticultural Society of New York, 598 Madison A venue, N ew York City Mrs. Katherine H. Leigh, M issouri Botanic Garden , St. Louis, M o. Sydney B. Mitchell, School of Librarianship, Berkeley, Calif. x THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE Oct., 1933

RHODODENDRON RACEMOSUM F. P. I. 59717.

HE abOove illustratfd fOorm of this species has proven itself a 'very hardy T and IOovely dwarf rhodOodendrOon quite adaptable tOo Oour ROock Gardens in the Eastern United States. Its bright, clear, rOose flOowers fit admirably intOo the colOor scheme of the dwarf daffOodils, iris and Oother reck plants Oof its seasen while the small ever­ green leaves dark and lustreus abeve, glauceus white belOoW and the ceral pink ef its twigs and winter flOower buds make it an attractive plant at all seasens. Rhededendren racemesum F. P. I. 59717 is included with mere than a hundred Oother rare ferms and species ef rhedendendrens and azaleas in eur current list. JOSEPH B. GABLE STEWARTSTOWN, FA. The American Horticultural Society

I NVITES to membership all persons who are interested in the devel­ opment of a great national society that shall serve as an ever growing center for the dissemination of the common knowledge of the members. There is no requirement for membership other than this and no reward beyond a share in the development of the organization. For its members the society publishes THE NATIONAL HORTICULTURAL MAGAZINE, at the present time a quarterly of increasing importance among the horticultural publications of the day and destined to fill an even larger role as the society grows. It is published during the months of January, April, July and October and is written by and for members. Under the present organization of the society with special committees ap­ pointed for the furthering of special plant projects the members will receive advance material on narcissus, tulips, lilies, rock garden plants, . conifers, nuts, and rhododendrons. Membership in the society, there­ fore, brings one the advantages of memberships in many societies. In addition to these special projects, the usual garden subjects are covered and particular attention is paid to new or little known plants that are not commonly described elsewhere. The American Horticultural Society invites not only personal mem­ berships but affiliations with horticultural societies and clubs. To such it offers some special inducements in memberships. Memberships are by the calendar year. The Annual Meeting of the Society is held in Washington, D. c., the second Tuesday in February and members are invited to attend the special lectures that are given at that time. These are announced to the membership at the time of balloting. The annual dues are three dollars the year, payable in advance; life membership is one hundred dollars; inquiry as to affiliation should be addressed to the Secretary, Mr. C. C. Thomas, 211 Spruce Street, Takoma Park, D. C.