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Heleobia Charruana (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae), a South American Brackish Water Snail in Northwest European Estuaries

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Heleobia Charruana (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae), a South American Brackish Water Snail in Northwest European Estuaries Heleobia charruana (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Cochliopidae), a South American brackish water snail in northwest European estuaries Ton van Haaren Eurofi ns AquaSense, H.J.E. Wenckebachweg 120, nl-1114ad Amsterdam-Duivendrecht, Th e Netherlands; tonvanhaaren@eurofi ns.com [corresponding author] Tim M. Worsfold APEM Ltd, 7, Diamond Centre, Works Road, Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire sg6 1lw, U.K. Björn Stelbrink Biodiversity & Systematics Lab, Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff -Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland Gonzalo A. Collado Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello 720, Chillán, Chile Isabela C. B. Gonçalves Laboratório de Malacologia Límnica e Terrestre, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Wilson S. Serra Centro Universitario Regional del Este (cure), Sede Rocha, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Rocha, Uruguay; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (mnhnm), Montevideo, Uruguay Fabricio Scarabino Centro Universitario Regional del Este (cure), Sede Rocha, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Rocha, Uruguay; Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (mnhnm), Montevideo, Uruguay Adriaan Gittenberger GiMaRIS, Rijksstraatweg 75, nl-2171ak Sassenheim, Th e Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, nl-2300ra Leiden, Th e Netherlands Edmund Gittenberger P.J. Blokstraat 28, nl-2313et Leiden, Th e Netherlands; Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, nl-2300ra Leiden, Th e Netherlands van Haaren, T., Worsfold, T.M., Stelbrink, B., for three western European countries: the United Kingdom Collado, G.A., Gonçalves, I.C.B., Serra, W.S., (2003), the Netherlands (2014) and Belgium (2017). Its iden- Scarabino, F., Gittenberger, A., & Gitten ber- tity was confi rmed using morphological and molecular ger, E., 2021. Heleobia charruana (Gastropoda, methods. Th e method successfully used to isolate DNA and Trun catelloidea, Cochliopidae), a South American to further amplify and sequence the full mitochondrial COI brackish water snail in northwest European estuar- ies. — Basteria 85 (1): 82–91. Leiden. Published 7 May barcoding fragment from an old dry shell without damage is 2021. described in detail. A short synonymy with references to the main literature is presented. Th e species’ range and ecologi- cal data are reviewed for both South America and Europe ABSTRACT and the implications of the fi nds are discussed. Th e South American brackish water snail Heleobia charruana Key words: Heleobia, non-native, distribution, Neotropical (d’Orbigny, 1841), abundant in Uruguay, is newly recorded Region, Europe basteria 85 (1): 82 van Haaren et al. – Heleobia charruana in northwest European estuaries INTRODUCTION which were from Europe and two from Uruguay, as follows. 2: England, London, West India Dock (Blackwall Basin), During the initial two decades of this century, a hydrobioid 0.011°w, 51.5033°n, Jamie Dyson & Victoria Mallott snail has been found in brackish waters, independently in leg. 09.x.2005; ugsb 25910-25911, GenBank acc. nos three European countries. It was first noticed in samples from Barking Creek (tidal Thames, England, U.K.) and mw717665–mw717666. later found in samples collected in 2003 (Battersea) and 2: Belgium, Antwerp harbour, 4.37°e, 51.25°n, Adriaan Git- subs equent years from other parts of the tidal Thames and tenberger leg. v.2017; ugsb 21800-21801, GenBank acc. associated dock basins. The conspicuous structure of the nos mw717667–mw717668. penis of the animals showed that it belonged to the family 2: The Netherlands, Amsterdam, North Sea Canal, near Cochliopidae, probably being part of Heleobia, but that it entrance channel H, 4.8577°e, 52.4172°n, Ton van Haaren was clearly not the indigenous Eupaludestrina stagnorum leg. 30.xii.2018; ugsb 23076-23077, GenBank acc. nos (Gmelin, 1791), which is not considered congeneric with mw717669–mw717670. Heleobia by Kroll et al. (2012: 1524) or Willing & Rowson 2: The Netherlands, Amsterdam, nw corner Noorder (2020). The first European material to be sequenced, by IJ-Plas, 4.8607°e, 52.4199°n, Ton van Haaren leg. 30.xii. Thomas Wilke (Justus Liebig University Giessen), was col- 2018; ugsb 23079–23080, GenBank acc. nos mw717671– lected in 2005 from Battersea (tidal Thames). Material mw717672 sent to Robert Hershler (Smithsonian Museum), from 1: Uruguay, Montevideo, Punta Trouville; 34.92111°s, Greenwich (tidal Thames), was confirmed as Cochliopidae 56.14774°w, lmsm HTrouv8FG; GenBank acc. no. mw but could not be determined at species level, as morphology 717673. alone is problematic for determination of Cochliopidae (De 1: Uruguay, Maldonado, Isla de Lobos (8 km se of Punta Francesco, 2007) and DNA analysis did not result in a clear del Este), 54.87417°w, 35.05028°s, Daniel Korkos leg. match with any of the cochliopid species that were repre- ix.1998; Jan Delsing colln, GenBank acc. no. mw717674. sented in GenBank at the time. The first published record for Collecting. — British material was collected from sev- Europe, from Antwerp, Belgium in May 2017 (Gittenberger eral routine monitoring and impact assessment surveys et al., 2018: 30), was originally named as Heleobia cf. australis throughout the tidal Thames region, using standard meth- (d’Orbigny, 1835), based on a comparison of shell shapes only. ods: 0.01 m2 core samples intertidally, kick samples in the From a comparison of shell shapes only, and taking infralittoral, 0.1 m2 Day grab samples and qualitative dredges into account species for which DNA data were available in subtidally. Samples were sieved and preserved on collection GenBank, the first author hypothesized that the non-native and fauna extracted using a stereo microscope. In Antwerp Heleobia could be H. charruana (d’Orbigny, 1841), a species harbour, Belgium, a hand dredge was used together with a known from eastern South America. Eventually, the identifi- Petit Ponar sediment grab. The underground water systems cation was confirmed through comparison of original DNA that are connected with the harbour’s waters to be used for sequences of specimens from the three European countries fire extinguishing purposes were investigated with a Pac- and South America. Here, we present some taxonomic, eco- Bag® system from Corexeed B.V. (i.e., a mesh bag designed logical, and biogeographical data for H. charruana. Our main to be attached to a hydranth to sample organisms that live goal is to record the introduction of this non-native brackish inside a water system). The turbidity, pH, and acidity were water hydrobioid snail for the European malacofauna. measured with equipment from Hanna Instruments. Live As De Francesco (2007: 632) and Scarabino et al. (2011:19) snails and shells were collected by searching by eye, follow- noted that diagnostic morphological differences are lacking ing sieving of the substrata. Dutch material was collected between H. charruana and H. conexa (Gaillard, 1974), we by either 0.1 m2 van Veen grab sampling or with a pond- have considered the distributions of both in the context of net (mesh size 500 µm). Core samples were sieved on board, the European records. preserved and sorted in the lab and pond-net material was sorted alive on site. The material from Punta Trouville was collected with a hand sieve. The collection method on the MATERIAL AND METHODS one from Maldonado is unknown. Material. — For shells, see the systematic part. DNA isolation, PCR amplification and DNA sequenc- Abbreviations for collection numbers: lmsm = Labo- ing. — For the majority of European samples, DNA was ratorio de Malacología y Sistemática Molecular, Universidad isolated using a standard CTAB protocol for molluscs del Bío-Bío; rmnh = National Biodiversity Center, Leiden; (Winnepenninckx et al. 1993). To obtain a gene fragment ugsb = University of Giessen Systematics and Biodiversity of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI, collection; usnm = National Museum of Natural History, 658 bp length), we used the standard metazoan primers Washington D.C. LCO1490 and HCO2198 (Folmer et al., 1994) and the follow- For DNA sequencing 10 specimens were used, eight of ing PCR conditions: initial denaturation at 95 °C for 1 min, 35 basteria 85 (1): 83 van Haaren et al. – Heleobia charruana in northwest European estuaries cycles (denaturation: 95 °C for 30 s, annealing: 45 °C for 30 s, a step of 0.1 °C, and a hold of 90 s of pre-melt condition- elongation: 72 °C for 30 s) and a final elongation at 72 °C for ing on the first step. The PCR product was cleaned with a 3 min. DNA sequencing was performed on an abi 3730xl MEGAquick-spin Total Fragment DNA Purification Kit sequencer using the Big Dye Terminator Kit (both Life (iNtRON Biotechnology), following the manufacturer’s Technologies). The same CTAB procedure and primers were instructions. Sequencing was done in both directions by used for H. charruana from Punta Trouville, Montevideo. Macrogen Europe. For a single shell of H. charruana that was collected in Molecular analysis. — We used TCS 1.2.1 (Clement et al., September 1998 from Isla de Lobos, Uruguay, and kept dry 2000) with a 95% connection limit to construct a statistical at variable room temperatures, a special 3-day CTAB DNA parsimony haplotype network for all individuals sequenced. extraction method was used. First, the shell was placed in a 2 mL tube with a mixture of 500 µL CTAB lysis buf- fer (BioChemica/VWR A4150.0500), 3 µL proteinase K RESULTS (20mg/mL dissolved in TE pH 8.0) and 1 µL 2-mercapto- ethanol (99% pure, Acros Organics). The last whorl of the Systematic part shell, where dried tissue was found, was washed with this Superfamily Truncatelloidea Gray, 1840 buffer using a pipette. The tube was left in a heat block at Family Cochliopidae Tryon, 1866 60 °C for ~15 hours.
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