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(6G) Dyes Doped Epoxy Resin Dissolved in Chloroform

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(6G) Dyes Doped Epoxy Resin Dissolved in Chloroform Open Access Baghdad Science Journal Vol.16(3) Supplement 2019 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3(Suppl.).0764 Spectral Properties of Hybrid of Rhodamine (6G) Dyes Doped Epoxy Resin Dissolved in Chloroform Ali H. Al-Hamdani 1* Shafa M. Jasim 2 Ehsan M. Abbas 3 Duree A. Hassan 4 Mustafa Mohammed Jaber 4 Received 13/11/2018, Accepted 23/4/2019, Published 22/9/2019 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Abstract: The research is dealing with the absorption and fluorescence spectra for the hybrid of an Epoxy Resin doped with organic dye Rhodamine (R6G) of different concentrations (5*10-6, 5*10-5, 1*10-5, 1*10-4, -4 -1 5*10 ) Mol/ℓ at room temperature. The Quantum efficiency Qfm, the rate of fluorescence emission Kfm (s ), the non-radiative lifetime τfm (s), fluorescence lifetime τf and the Stokes shift were calculated. Also the energy gap (Eg) for each dye concentration was evaluated. The results showed that the maximum quantum efficiency 62 % and maximum stokes shift 96 nm was obtained in dye concentration 5*10-6 and 1*10-4. The energy gap ranges between 1.066 eV to 1.128 eV depending proportionally on the dye concentrations. Key words: Absorption, Energy gap, Fluoresces, Hybrid polymer, Rhodamine 6G dye. Introduction: The strength of the absorption band in the Polymers of high damage threshold played visible spectrum is considered as a special merit of a critical role in dye laser development. Also, these the organic dyes which is existed just in organic polymers provide an appropriate choice of organic compounds; these compounds contain an expanded dye lasers hosts. Hermes and his colleagues have arrangement of both the single bonds and double relied on polymeric hosts for dyes doping (4). Some bonds alternately. Dye's absorption bond of long fluorescent dyes are exploited as a lasing medium of wavelength is caused by transmission between dye lasers. electronic states with a large unity order moment. Organic polymers are often used as solid This process leads to particle absorption from the matrices for organic dyes. Semiconductors ground to the first excited state (S0→S1). While (conjugated) polymers are considered as an transmission from S1 to S0 results spontaneous and attractive solid stated laser gain material. Shift of stimulated emissions in such lasers (1,2). Organic stokes between absorption and emission molecules in solid state dye lasers are distributed in wavelengths makes them exhibit a small self a homogeneously uniform matrix. Such as Polymer absorption in addition to their high efficient Epoxy Resin. The demonstrated solid state dye photoluminescence and large areas for stimulated lasers of a tunable wavelength from UV to NIR emission to occur (4). regions have a photostability issue to be studied. This work is dealing with the evaluation of Dyes can be used to take possession of high absorption and fluorescence spectra for the hybrid quantum fluorescence and reduced triplet-triplet of an epoxy resin doped with organic dye absorption within the lasing range (3). Due to Rhodamine (R6G) of different concentrations several features, solid state hosts have been (5*10-5, 1*10-5, 1*10-4, 5*10-4) Mol/ℓ. The spectral synthesized for such kinds of dyes. They are properties include quantum efficiency Qfm, the rate -1 characterized by thermal stability, resistivity to of fluorescence emission Kfm (s ), the non-radiative specific solvent types and hydrolytically. lifetime τfm (s), fluorescence lifetime τf and the 1 Laser and Optoelectronics Engineering Department, stokes shift is calculated. Also the energy gap (Eg) University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq for each dye concentration is evaluated for each dye 2 Ministry of Education, Curriculum, Department of concentration. Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq. 3 University of Dijla, Optics Technique, Baghdad/ Iraq. 4 Department of Physics, Education College, Al- Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq. * Corresponding author: [email protected] 764 Baghdad Science Journal Vol.16(3) Supplement 2019 Materials and Methods: Different weights of epoxy resin and R6G were Preparation of R6G/Epoxy Polymeric Composite dissolved in pure chloroform. A magnetic stirred at Films (25 oC) was used to mix R6G and resin for 2 hours. Xanthine’s family involves Rhodamine dyes along The obtained R6G/epoxy of different R6G contents with fluorescent and eosin dyes. Xanthine were left in the Petri-dish glass for 3 days to chromophore (A) and Rhodamine dyes (B) evaporate the chloroform. The sample plate is of structures shown in Fig. 1. 2*9 cm2 with 0.3 mm thickness and R6G (5*10-6, 5*10-5, 1*10-5, 1*10-4, 5*10-4) Mol. concentration. Measuring of Quantum Efficiency (Qfm) The quantum efficiency (Qfm) is defined as the ratio between the number of quanta emitted and the number of quanta absorbed (13): The quantum efficiency (Qfm) is related to the spectral molecular fluorescence F(ύ), as : Figure 1. Molecular structure of Xanthenes (A) Q F d …1 and Rhodamine 6G dye (5). fm 0 Photostability and photophysical of To evaluate the absolute quantum efficiency, both rhodamines make them to be used extensively as a radiative and non-radiative processes taking place in laser dye (5-7), quantum yield fluorescence criteria the medium must be considered (14), (8), polarization (9), pigments and fluorescent K K Q fm fm … 2 probes to describe polymer nanoparticles surface fm K K K K K (10) and in polymer-bioconjugates detection (11). fm d fm IC ISC 1 Since ….3 K fm Devices and Measurements: fm 1 The main properties of epoxy are shown in And … 4 Table 1, includes two materials. The first material is f K fm Kd (epoxy resin (A)) and the second one is the where, Kfm is radiative emission probability, τfm is (hardener (B)) which assists in polymer chains non-radiative life time, τf is fluorescence lifetime interlocking when two polymers are mixed. Both (15). Therefore, types of materials are mixed with a certain percentage by taking the epoxy type into Q f F()d … 5 fm fm 0 consideration. The dye that is used belongs to xanthine family with chemical formula The radiative emission probability can be C28H31N2O3Cl and molecular weight of 479.02 determined from Bowen-workes equation by the g.mol-1. The appearance of pale red crystalline following equation (16): powder and its molecular structure is given in Fig. 1 K 2.88109 n2 ( 2 ) ( )d … 6 1. fm Composite films of Epoxy doped with f m Rhodamine (6G) were prepared with thickness (0.3 Where n is the refractive index, ε is a molar mm). The absorption spectra were recorded by absorption coefficient, ύ is wave-number. using a UV–VIS spectrophotometer (Metertech, SP 8001). Spectrofluorometer (Model F96PR) was Results and Discussion: used for recording the emission spectra of R6G Beer–Lambert’s law describes the relation doped in Epoxy. between the medium absorption coefficient (α) and light intensity (I). Table 1. Epoxy properties (12) 퐼 = 퐼0 푒−훼푡 …7 Traditional name CONCRESIVE® 1320 Where (I), is the output light, while ( Io) and (t) are Color Limpid the input light and the plate film thickness, Badische Anilin-und Soda Company respectively. Fabrik (BASF), Germany 퐼0 o Or, 훼푡 = 2.303 푙표 퐼 …8 Boiling point 260 C 퐴푏푠 o and one can get 훼 = 2.303 … 9 Service temperature (20-80) C 푡 퐼0 Physical state Liquid Where 퐴푏푠 = 푙표 퐼 …10 Final cure 7 days (35 oC) 퐴푏푠: is the absorption. The casting solution technique was used to The optical properties such as absorption prepare a matrix consists of R6G dye in epoxy. and fluorescence have been studied for the hybrid 765 Baghdad Science Journal Vol.16(3) Supplement 2019 samples (R6B/Epoxy) with dye concentrations 1.2 5*10^-4 (5*10-6, 5*10-5, 1*10-5, 1*10-4, 5*10-4) mol/l. 1*10^-4 1 5*10^-5 The absorption spectra of different 1*10^-5 concentrations of R6G/Epoxy matrix are shown in 0.8 Fig.2. The absorption intensity increased as the 0.6 R6G concentration increased. This is in agreement 0.4 with Beer–Lambert’s law. This absorption Fluorecence 0.2 increment belonged to R6G made intermolecular bonds with epoxy resin. Figure 2 also shows that the 0 peak intensity at (540 nm) doesn't shift in position. 580 600 620 640 660 680 λ (nm) 5*10^-4 1.2 Figure3. Fluoresces spectra of R6G/Epoxy shows 1*10^-4 the effect of dye concentration variation as a 1 5*10^-5 1*10^-5 function of wavelengths. (Sample thickness is 0.3 0.8 mm) 0.6 0.4 From Table 2, it is clear that increasing the Absorption stokes shift occurs with increasing concentration 0.2 and its value is higher than for solutions of dye 0 R6G, and also the Table shows an increase in the 350 450 550 650 value of the (τfm) and the (τf) when increasing λ (nm) concentration, and the (τf) less than the (τfm) because Figure 2. R6G/Epoxy absorption spectra of of the non radiation processes are associated with different dye concentrations as a function of the process of fluorescence. And the quantum wavelengths. (Sample thickness is 0.3 mm) efficiency (Qfm) decreases as the dye concentration are increased, because of the decrease in the It is clear from Fig.3 that the fluorescence probability of non-radiative transition (inter system spectrum with a shifting toward longer wavelengths crossing) and (internal conversion). (Red Shift) with increasing concentration. Table 2. Optical properties of hybrid of Rhodamine 6G/epoxy.
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