Improvement of Dissolution Rate of a New Antiretroviral Drug Using an Anti-Solvent Crystallization Technology

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Improvement of Dissolution Rate of a New Antiretroviral Drug Using an Anti-Solvent Crystallization Technology um THÈSE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse (INP Toulouse) Présentée et soutenue par : Suênia de PAIVA LACERDA Le 01/02/2013 Titre : Improvement of dissolution rate of a new antiretroviral drug using an anti-solvent crystallization technology. Ecole doctorale et discipline ou spécialité : ED MEGEP : Génie des procédés et de l’Environnement Unité de recherche : École des Mines d’Albi Carmaux (RAPSODEE) Directeurs de Thèse : M.I RÉ F. ESPITALIER Rapporteurs : P. TCHORELOFF Université Paris Sud Rapporteur M. DESCAMPS Université Lille 1 Rapporteur Autres membres du jury : I. RICO-LATTES Directrice de Recherche du CNRS Examinatrice M.GIULIETTI Universidade Federal de São Carlos Examinateur “Une confrontation permanente entre théorie et expérience est une condition nécessaire à l'expression de la créativité.” PIERRE JOLIOT À mes parents et grands-parents Remerciements Cette thèse doit beaucoup aux nombreuses personnes qui m’ont encouragé, soutenu et conforté au long de toutes ces années. Qu’elles trouvent dans ce travail l’expression de mes plus sincères remerciements. Je tiens à remercier très chaleureusement mes directrices de Thèse Maria Inês Ré et Fabienne Espitalier de m’avoir encadrée et accompagnée tout au long de ces trois années, pour leur aide, et compétence mais aussi pour leur patience, et leur encouragement à finir ce travail. Je vous remercie vivement pour vos qualités d’encadrement. Je remercie les rapporteurs (Pierre Tchoreloff et Marc Descamps) et les membres du jury pour avoir accepté d’examiner et de participer à mon jury de thèse. Je tiens ensuite à remercier les Laboratoires Cristalia et RAPSODEE, pour leur soutien et la confiance qu’ils m’ont témoignés. Pendant ma thèse j’ai eu le plaisir de travailler avec différentes personens constituant une formidable équipe. Grâce à leur aide, leur soutien et l’ambiance qu’elles ont fait régner j’ai pu arriver jusqu’au bout. En particulier, je souhaiterai citer Philippe Accart pour sa gentillesse et sa bonne humeur ainsi que pour ses conseils avisés, Laurent Devrient pour sa patience, son amitié et sa disponibilité, Bruno Boyer pour sa gentillesse et toute l’aide qu’il m’a donné quand j’en ai eu besoin. Je pense aussi « aux filles » Sévérine Patry, Sylvie Delconfetto, Véronique Nallet et Christine Rolland, pour leur sympathie et leur implication dans leur ou mon travail. Je n’oublie pas de remercier tous ceux avec qui j’ai passé de bons moments après avoir mangé à la salle café et tout particulièrement Rachel Calvet, Laurence Galet et Celine Boachon. Un grand merci très spécial aussi à Elsa Weiss, Marie Caria et à Manolita Boval. J’aimerais également remercier Anne-Marie Fontes pour son aide, sa gentillesse, disponibilité, ainsi que son amabilité. J’ai une pensé pour les doctorants et stagiaires du laboratoire avec qui j’ai partagé une tranche de vie et une tranche de vie de laboratoire et auprès de qui j’ai beaucoup appris et partagé des bons moments. Mon grand merci à Ingrid, Nibal, Sarah, Naomi, Zhoé, Fredj, William, Anaïs, Graciela, Guillaume, Camille, Fanny, Wellington, Analice, Aline, Antoinette, Yazmine, Marie, Audrey, Claire, Claire Michel, Fabio, Michelle, Jacqueline, Paulo, Andrea, Nayane, Tassadite, Moussa, Christophe, Mohamed Raii, Sébastien, Renaud, Haroun, Marta, Rémis, Vanessa, Maxime et Ludovic. Je tiens remercier spécialement trois personnes qui ont travaillé directement avec moi pendant cette thèse Vinciane Magan, Julia Flauder et Bruna Rêgo de Vasconcelos, sans elles je n’aurai pas pu y arriver. Avec vous trois j’ai beaucoup appris et j’ai essayé de vous passer un peu du peu que je connais. J’exprime tous mes remerciements et mon affection à ma famille pour leur précieux soutien tout au long de ma thèse et surtout tout au long de ma vie, et plus particulièrement à mes parents. Ils ont toujours cru en moi et j’espère être toujours à la hauteur. La thèse a parfois été un moment difficile pour mes proches. Elle a été très preneuse de temps ! Et j’avoue ne pas les avoir consacré le temps qu’ils méritaient. Raffaele D’Elia, je te remercie pour tes encouragements et ton soutien. Malgré la période difficile qu’on a traversé, tu as été toujours disponible et compréhensif. Comme dirait le petit prince : « J’ai des amis à découvrir et beaucoup de choses à connaître » et ici en France j’ai appris a connaître chacun de vous, vous apprécier et vous admirer. Merci à la famille Mayer pour son amitié, sa confiance et pour m’avoir reçu comme un membre de votre famille dès le début. Merci Audrey Common, la française la plus brésilienne que je connaisse, pour chaque soirée, les fous rires et tous les bons moments passées ensembles. Merci Marie Dietemann qui a été une grande amie, toujours là pour me soutenir. Merci à ma petite famille brésilienne en France : Jacqueline, Vincius, Nayane, Bruna, Andrea et Paulo. Vous comptez beaucoup dans ma vie, et grâce à vous j’ai pu avoir une famille en France identique à ma famille au Brésil.Vous tous mes chers amis, vous avez soulagé le poids de la distance, de la solitude et vous m’avez apporté du bonheur et de la joie sans rien demander en échange. Je vous remercie à tous. Merci de m’avoir accompagnée et aidée pendant ces années. En espérant vous croiser bientôt dans un autre Carnaval !!! Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 1. ...................................................................................................... 21 1.1. THE BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS .................................................... 27 1.1.1. Absorption and bioavailability ................................................................................................27 1.1.2. Poorly-water soluble drug molecules .....................................................................................30 1.2. ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILIZATION AND BIOAVAILABILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS ..................................................................... 31 1.2.1. Concept of dissolution .............................................................................................................31 1.2.2. Dissolution testing for poorly-water soluble drugs ................................................................34 1.2.3. Strategies to increase the amount of dissolved drug at the absorption site ...........................38 1.2.3.1. Alteration of pH and solvent composition .......................................................................................... 38 1.2.3.1.1. Salt formation/pH control ........................................................................................................... 38 1.2.3.1.2. Cosolvency ................................................................................................................................. 39 1.2.3.2. Inclusion complexes/complexation ..................................................................................................... 40 1.2.3.2.1. Cyclodextrin (CD) ...................................................................................................................... 40 1.2.3.3. Carrier System ..................................................................................................................................... 42 1.2.3.3.1. Micelles ....................................................................................................................................... 42 1.2.3.3.2. Micro/Nanoemulsion .................................................................................................................. 43 1.2.3.4. Manipulation of solid state .................................................................................................................. 44 1.2.3.4.1. Co-crystals .................................................................................................................................. 44 1.2.3.4.2. Amorphous Solid dispersion ....................................................................................................... 45 1.2.3.5. Physical Modification ......................................................................................................................... 46 1.2.3.5.1. Milling ........................................................................................................................................ 47 1.2.3.5.2. LAS Crystallization .................................................................................................................... 49 1.3. CRYSTALLIZATION ................................................................................. 51 1.3.1. Thermodynamic background ..................................................................................................51 1.3.2. Nucleation ................................................................................................................................52 1.3.3. Crystal growth .........................................................................................................................54 1.3.4. Effect of supersaturation on nucleation and growth .............................................................55 1.3.5. Choice of solvent .....................................................................................................................56 1.4. LAS CRYSTALLIZATION TO IMPROVE DISSOLUTION PROPERTIES AND SOLUBILITY OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS ........ 57 1.4.1. Previous works .........................................................................................................................60
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