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Strong Pulses Detected from Rotating Radio Transient J1819 − 1458

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Strong Pulses Detected from Rotating Radio Transient J1819 − 1458 A&A 530, A67 (2011) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015953 & c ESO 2011 Astrophysics Strong pulses detected from rotating radio transient J1819−1458 H. D. Hu1,2,A.Esamdin1,J.P.Yuan1,Z.Y.Liu1,R.X.Xu3,J.Li1,2,G.C.Tao1,2, and N. Wang1 1 Urumqi Observatory, NAOC, 40-5 South Beijing Road, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China e-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, P.R. China 3 School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China Received 19 October 2010 / Accepted 18 March 2011 ABSTRACT Aims. We analyze individual pulses detected from RRAT J1819−1458. Methods. From April 2007 to April 2010, we carried out observations using the Nanshan 25-m radio telescope of Urumqi Observatory at a central frequency of 1541.25 MHz. Results. We obtain a dispersion measure DM = 195.7 ± 0.3pccm−3 by analyzing all the 423 detected bursts. The tri-band pattern of arrival time residuals is confirmed by a single pulse timing analysis. Twenty-seven bimodal bursts located in the middle residual band are detected, and, profiles of two typical bimodal bursts and two individual single-peak pulses are presented. We determine the statistical properties of SNR and W50 of bursts in different residual bands. The W50 variation with SNR shows that the shapes of bursts are quite different from each other. The cumulative probability distribution of intensity for a possible power law with index α = 1.6 ± 0.2 is inferred from the number of those bursts with SNR ≥ 6 and high intensities. Key words. stars: neutron – pulsars: individual: J1819−1458 1. Introduction phase of the radio pulse and a possible X-ray spectral feature that is similar to those of the X-ray dim isolated neutron stars Rotating radio transients (RRATs) are a recently discovered (XDINS, cf. Popov et al. 2006; Haberl 2007; Kondratiev et al. class of neutron stars. At a wave band ∼1.4 GHz, they have spo- 2009). This indicates that RRAT J1819−1458 is a cooling neu- radic radio pulses of durations ranging from 0.5 to 100 ms with tron star and possibly a transitional object between the pulsar flux densities from ∼10 mJy to ∼10 Jy and burst rates from 0.3 and magnetar classes (McLaughlin et al. 2007; for descriptions to 50.3 per hour. The study of the time of arrival (TOA) of sin- of magnetars, see Woods & Thompson 2006; Mereghetti 2008). gle pulses indicates that these RRATs have periods ranging from Rea et al. (2009) found the X-ray extended emission around 12 13 0.1 to 7 s and surface magnetic field of ∼10 or ∼10 Gauss RRAT J1819−1458, which can be interpreted as being a nebula (McLaughlin et al. 2006; Deneva et al. 2009; McLaughlin et al. powered by the pulsar. The near-infrared counterpart to the ex- 2009; Burke-Spolaor & Bailes 2010; Keane et al. 2010). tended X-ray emission was not detected in the observation taken J1819−1458 is the brightest and most prolific radio transient by Rea et al. (2010). There is no evidence of the optical coun- among the more than forty known RRATs. The dispersion mea- terpart to the RRAT in the observation implemented by Dhillon − sure of the source is DM ≈ 196 pc cm 3. At 1.4 GHz, the du- et al. (2006), but there is possibly a near-infrared counterpart rations of most bursts are ∼3 ms at intervals of ∼3minandthe (Rea et al. 2010). peak flux density is ∼10 Jy (McLaughlin et al. 2006; Esamdin Weltevrede et al. (2006) assumed that some RRATs could et al. 2008; Lyne et al. 2009). The irregular bursts cannot be be explained in terms of normal pulsars that have pulse ampli- detected by standard periodicity search methods, but a single tude modulations, such as PSR B0656+14. Had they been put pulse TOA analysis is capable of identifying the rotation period − − at properly large distances, their weak pulses would have been of P ≈ 4.26 s with a spin-down rate P˙ ≈ 5.76 × 10 13 ss 1.The undetectable and they might have been identified as RRATs. ≈ × 13 inferred surface magnetic field density is Bs 5 10 Gauss From the observation results of PSR J1119−6127 with mag- τ ≈ . × 5 and characteristic age is c 1 2 10 years (McLaughlin et al. netic field strength and post-glitch behavior similar to those of 2006; Esamdin et al. 2008). Lyne et al. (2009) reported two RRAT J1819−1458, it is understood that some RRATs can be unusual glitches with quite different post-glitch behavior and interpreted as the consequences of the line of sight missing the an associated increase in the flux intensity, which implies that steady pulse components of emission area and intercepting these RRAT J1819−1458 may be moving toward the death line in the unstable ones (Weltevrede et al. 2011). Wang et al. (2007)pro- pulsar P − P˙ diagram. The Faraday rotation measure of RRAT − posed that RRATs could not be directly related to nulling pulsars J1819−1458 is RM ≈ 330 ± 30 rad m 2 and the integrated lin- because the latter have no observed pulses such as giant pulses ear polarization measurement is relatively low owing to orthog- (e.g. Hankins et al. 2003; Knight et al. 2006). However, taking onal modes of polarization, although some individual pulses are PSR J0941−39 as an example, Burke-Spolaor & Bailes (2010) highly polarized (Karastergiou et al. 2009). argued that there was possibly a link between RRATs and pulsars After the Chandra X-ray Observatory detected the X-ray with nulling phenomena. There is also a hypothesis that some counterpart (Reynolds et al. 2006; Gaensler et al. 2007), the RRATs are possibly related to radio pulsing magnetars such as XMM-Newton discovered the X-ray pulsation aligned with the XTE J1810−197 (Serylak et al. 2009). By studying the birthrates Article published by EDP Sciences A67, page 1 of 6 A&A 530, A67 (2011) of neutron stars, RRATs have been considered distant XDINS (Popov et al. 2006) or an evolutionary stage of a single class of objects (Keane & Kramer 2008). In the P − P˙ diagram, the periods of known RRATs cover a large range where periods of normal pulsars and magnetars distribute; the observational char- acteristics of RRATs vary with diversities (McLaughlin et al. 2009). Although there have been several theoretical interpreta- tions of RRATs (e.g. Li 2006; Zhang et al. 2007; Luo & Melrose 2007; Cordes & Shannon 2008; Ouyed et al. 2009), RRATs do not appear to be completely understood. This paper presents a study of individual bursts detected in single pulse observations from April 2007 to April 2010. Section 2 describes the observation details. The results of study on detected pulses are given in Sect. 3 and discussed in Sect. 4. Section 5 briefly summarizes this paper. 2. Observations − Observations were performed using the Nanshan 25-m radio Fig. 1. Diagnostic plot showing detected burst from RRAT J1819 1458 and RFI signal. The upper-left panel is a DM-time gray map gen- telescope of Urumqi Observatory. The antenna has a cryogenic erated by de-dispersing the signal with DM varying from 0.7 to receiver of two orthogonal linear polarization channels with a 300.7 pc cm−3 in steps of 1 pc cm−3. The brightness of the plot indi- central frequency of 1541.25 MHz. Each polarization channel cates the amplitude at the corresponding position, and, the two bright consists of 128 sub-channels of bandwidth 2.5 MHz and has a marks at around DM = 195.7andDM = 0pccm−3 represent the burst total bandwidth of 320 MHz. The signal from each sub-channel and RFI. The upper-right panel is a DM–SNR graph with two peak SNR is 1-bit sampled and recorded to hard disk for subsequent off- values at around DM = 195.7andDM = 0pccm−3,inwhichtheSNR line processing (for more details of the system, see Wang et al. for each DM is calculated from the bin of maximum amplitude over 2001). The minimum detectable flux density S ≈ 3.4Jyis 512 ms. The lower-left panel is a time series graph showing the ampli- min −3 limited by tude (in an arbitrary unit) of each bin at DM = 195.7pccm ,which clearly delineates a narrow burst profile at the center. 2αβkTsys S min = , (1) ηA npτΔ f frequencies, finding that the signals from two polarization chan- in which√ α = 5 is the threshold signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), nels are de-dispersed. The signals of all 256 sub-channels are β = π/2 is the loss factor due to 1-bit digitization, k is the summed, and signals of SNR ≥ 5 are searched for in the whole Boltzmann constant, Tsys = Trec + Tspl + Tsky ≈ 32 K is the time series of each observation. Selected signals with SNR above system temperature, η ≈ 57% is the telescope efficiency at the threshold are reprocessed with DM varying from 0.7 to 2 −3 −3 1541.25 MHz, A = 490.9m is the telescope area, np = 2is 300.7 pc cm in steps of 1 pc cm . To each DM,theSNR of the number of polarization channels, τ = 0.5msisthesampling the bin with the maximum amplitude is computed over 1024 bins interval, and Δ f = 320 MHz is the total bandwidth (Manchester (512 ms), with the candidate burst being at the center of the se- et al. 2001). ries. Through the process, a diagnostic plot shown in Fig.
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