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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Fiscal Year 1985
Justification of Estimates of Appropriations
To the Office of Management and Budget
ADMINISTRATIVELY CONFIDENTIAL
(Information not to be released until after the President's
Budget is submitted to the Congress in January 1984.)
September 1983
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
Fiscal Year 1985
Justification of Estimates of Appropriations
To the Office of Management and Budget
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
FISCAL YEAR 1985 ESTIMATES OF APPROPRIATION S
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
ORGANIZATION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION 1
INTRODUCTION 3
SALARIES AND EXPENSES
Summary 11 Priority Ranking of Functional Increases 12 Functional Category Index 13
Uncontrollable Increases 18
Science
Office of the Assistant Secretary 24 National Museum of Natural History/Museum of Man 26 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 35 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute 43 Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 49 National Air and Space Museum 53 National Zoological Park 58
History and Art
Office of the Assistant Secretary 63 National Museum of American History 65 National Museum of American Art 72 National Portrait Gallery 77 Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden 82 Center for Asian Art 86 Archives of American Art 90 Cooper-Hewitt Museum 93 National Museum of African Art 98 Anacostia Neighborhood Museum 103
Public Service
Office of the Director 105 Smithsonian Institution Press 109 Page
Museum Programs
Office of the Assistant Secretary 112 Office of the Registrar 116 Conservation Analytical Laboratory 117 Smithsonian Institution Libraries 121 Office of Exhibits Central 126 Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service 128 Smithsonian Archives 133 National Museum Act 135
Special Programs
American Studies and Folklife Programs 137 International Environmental Science Program 140 Academic and Educational Programs 143 Collections Management/ Inventory Program 149 Major Exhibition Program 152
Museum Support Center , 155 Quadrangle Operations 162
Administration 168
Facilities Services
Office of Design and Construction 176 Office of Protection Services 178 Office of Plant Services 184
MUSEUM PROGRAMS AND RELATED RESEARCH
( SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM) 189
FACILITIES PLANNING, RENOVATION, RESTORATION, AND CONSTRUCTION
Overview of Facilities Planning . 195 Construction and Improvements, National Zoological Park 206 Restoration and Renovation of Buildings 209 Construction - General Post Office Building 221 1
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION FY 1985 Budget Request (000's)
Summary
FY 1984 0MB BUDGET CONGRESSIONAL MID- SESSION FY 1985 CATEGORY REQUEST TARGET REQUEST
Salaries and Expenses $ 154,354 $ 159,123 $ 171,748 Foreign Currency 9,040 9,000 10,750 Construction National Zoological Park 3,500 3,500 4,250 Restoration and Renovation 9,000 9,000 16,755 General Post Office Building 3,500 TOTAL $ 175,894 $ 180,623 $ 207,003
INTRODUCTION
The Smithsonian Institution's FY 1985 budget request to the Office of Management and Budget represents a new focus on the efficient use of existing resources and a more realistic recognition of the essential additional resources required to fulfill the Institution's mandate for the increase and diffusion of knowledge. These needs are also required in line with the Institution's role as a national repository for collections that reflect the heritage and traditions of this country, with the corresponding obligation to provide adequate care and facilities for the preservation of these items.
The current assessment of needs cuts across all programmatic lines and organiza- tional units. The budget was formulated initially by program managers and administra- tors working within the context of broad goals for FY 1985 and the future as expressed by the Secretary. Subsequent reviews by bureau and office directors and ultimately the Secretary and his Executive Committee established the Institutional priorities and requisite budget levels which are reflected in this document. Final review and approval of the Institution's budgets for Federal as well as Nonappropriated Trust funds and the Institution's Five-Year Prospectus for FY 1985 - FY 1989 will be topics of the September 19, 1983 meeting of the Board of Regents.
ORGANIZATION AND GOALS
Founded in 1846, the Smithsonian Institution is an independent Federal establish- ment devoted to public education, research and national service in the arts, sciences and history. Centered on the Mall in Washington, D.C. , the Institution operates major facilities and activities throughout the country and overseas. It is one of the world's leading research centers and encompasses the world's largest museum complex, attracting millions of visitors annually to its museums, galleries and zoological park. Many others also view Smithsonian traveling exhibitions, which appear across the United States and abroad, and the annual Folklife Festival. As custodian of the National Collections, the Smithsonian possesses more than 81 million art objects, natural history specimens and artifacts. These collections are displayed for the enjoyment and education of visitors and are available for research by the staff of the Institution and by hundreds of visiting students, scientists and historians each year. Other significant study efforts draw their data and results directly from terrestrial, marine and astrophysical observations at various Smithsonian installations. —.
The Smithsonian complex presently consists of 12 exhibition buildings in Washington, D.C. and New York City in the fields of science, history, technology and art; a zoological park in Washington, D.C. and an animal conservation and research center near Front Royal, Virginia; the Anacostia Neighborhood Museum, which performs research and exhibit activities in a low income area of the city in cooperation with the community; a preservation, storage and air and spacecraft display facility at Suitland, Maryland; two natural preserves in Panama and on the Chesapeake Bay; a radiation biological laboratory in Rockville, Maryland; an oceanographic research facil- ity at Link Port, Florida; astrophysical stations in Massachusetts and Arizona, and elsewhere; and supporting administrative, laboratory and storage areas.
The goal of the Smithsonian Institution is to promote the increase and diffusion of knowledge. To accomplish this goal, the Smithsonian conducts a broad variety of programs alone and in cooperation with other institutions, universities and government agencies in the United States and abroad. These programs include:
—Collections management: The Smithsonian Institution has the legal responsibility (20 U.S.C. 59) to serve as the official repository of the National Collections which contain more than 81 million art, technological and cultural history objects and natural history specimens and artifacts. The responsibility involves the acquisition, documentation and conservation of these materials along with detailed record keeping or cataloguing, regular inventories and storage or display in secure and atmospherically controlled environments.
— Basic research: Increase of knowledge is accomplished through basic research. As an independent Federal establishment, the Smithsonian conducts a broad range of scientific and scholarly research, often in cooperation with other institu- tions, universities and government agencies.
— Exhibitions, including performances and festivals or celebrations: These pre- sentations constitute one means of diffusing knowledge on a wide scale. In Washington, D.C. and New York City, Smithsonian museums, galleries and the zoolog- ical park devote exhibit space to showing significant objects, specimens and animals from the permanent collections. In addition, temporary exhibitions with loan materials enhance these presentations, adding fresh concepts and ideas further enriching visitor experiences. Through the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service, over 100 exhibitions are seen annually by millions of people in most states and the District of Columbia. Live perfor- mances, festivals, celebrations, lectures and records also are enjoyed by millions of people in the Smithsonian museums, as well as in institutions elsewhere and in private homes throughout the nation.
— Education: Education programs of the Institution offer enormous variety in content and form; they range from in-depth, scholarly symposia to activities for fun and enjoyment and reach all ages from young children to senior citizens They include classes and workshops, guided tours by trained docents and radio, television and motion picture programs, sponsored by the individual museums and by centralized offices including Fellowships and Grants, Symposia and Seminars and Elementary and Secondary Education. A significant aspect of the education effort involves production each year of several hundred publications including museum catalogues, books, scholarly monographs, articles, papers, the Archives of American Art Journal and Smithsonian magazine, which is now received by over 1.9 million Resident and National Associates. At any given time, there are likely to be two to three hundred visiting scholars, scientists and students working throughout the Institution in various collections, laboratories and offices. Finally, as another educational endeavor, the Institution's Office of Museum Programs offers assistance to museums across the country and abroad by conducting museum training courses, producing and distributing audiovisual programs on con- servation principles and techniques and by awarding grants for professional museum training and research. — Collections acquisition : The Smithsonian museums acquire works of art, arti- facts and specimens and other objects in three ways: by collecting, by donation and by purchase. Collecting and donation are and will continue to be the major means for acquiring materials for the collections. However, donations and gifts of collections, for the most part, do not lend themselves to planned development. If the Institution's research and exhibitions programs are to thrive, the collec- tions must grow by thoughtful design. To meet this responsibility and challenge, the Smithsonian seeks to provide special acquisitions funds for the museums. Some Federal funds are requested each year to permit regular planned purchases.
In order to carry out these functions, administration and facilities services units of the Institution provide the required support. The Smithsonian has the responsi- bility for the maintenance, operation and protection of a large complex of museum and gallery buildings and other facilities. The Institution also provides architectural and engineering services for major repairs, alterations and improvements to the physi- cal plant. As described in the Construction, Renovation and Restoration section of this budget, the Institution has significant and increasing needs for the physical plant itself.
FY 1985 BUDGET PRIORITIES
The following information summarizes in narrative fashion the programs and plans that constitute the Institution's highest priorities for FY 1985 as reflected in this request to the Office of Management and Budget.
I. Salaries and Expenses
The Institution's request for $3,309,000 in uncontrollable increases must cover legislated pay increases, higher utilities costs and funds to offset the effects of inflation in nonsalary areas, as computed using 0MB guidelines. Additional staffing and equipment funds will bring the Museum Support Center to near full operational strength, as the movement of collections commences in earnest. Necessary operating funds and positions are important for activities which will occupy the Quadrangle, scheduled to open in early 1986.
Several units require salary and benefits funds to cover deficiencies which have developed as a result of Institutional needs. Additional staff and base funds are essential to address collections management concerns. Essential equipment needs must be met in several Science bureaus in order to preserve the Institution's research capa- bilities, as well as providing the flexibility for continuance of existing and imple- menting important new research efforts.
Security of the collections and facilities of the Institution is a primary concern as the Institution continues to upgrade its security systems with necessary equipment and personnel. The Institution also is embarking on an extensive program to take advantage of state-of-the-art in computer technology in order to improve collections, scientific and financial information management requirements.
Several bureaus are dedicating resources towards exhibitions commemorating the bicentennial of the signing of the United States Constitution. Increased attention .to facilities care and maintenance necessitates a request for staffing level and base resources commensurate with the requirements of the Institution's diverse physical plant. Administrative support requirements, particularly in programs relating to equal opportunity and upward mobility, are essential.
The Smithsonian continues an active program of exhibitions and performances, both through the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Services and new exhibition programs at several museums. An adjunct to this activity are the educational services and experiences provided both for visitors and visiting scientific staff.
Equally as important as preservation of the collections is the Institution's obliga- tion to augment current holdings through thoughtful and planned additions to the collec- tions. Three bureaus require supplemental acquisition funds to enable them to fill significant gaps in their collections and to remain competitive due to rapidly esca- lating prices.
Finally three significant scientific projects are proposed that will enable the Institution to compare the resultant data and findings with those of other Government agencies.
II. Museum Programs and Related Research (Special Foreign Currency Program )
For FY 1985, the Smithsonian requests $10,750,000 equivalent in foreign currencies which have been determined by the Treasury Department to be in excess of the normal needs of the United States. The Smithsonian Foreign Currency Program makes grants to United States universities, museums, and other institutions of higher learning, including the Smithsonian itself, primarily for research and advanced professional training in fields of traditional Smithsonian competence.
The appropriation will be used to continue a program of grants to United States institutions for research in those countries where excess local currencies are available ($4,000,000); to bring to the desired level of $10,000,000 equivalent in Indian rupees the forward-funded reserve in support of future programs of the American Institute of Indian Studies ($4,750,000); and for the third and final incre- ment of the United States contribution to the international effort to restore and preserve the ancient city of Moenjodaro in Pakistan ($2,000,000).
III. Construction, Restoration and Renovation
Prudent facilities management continues to be one of the Institution's highest priorities. Consistent with its responsibility and commitment to maintaining museum and other buildings and providing for future facility needs, the Smithsonian is embarking upon a carefully planned, integrated improvements program involving restora- tion, renovation and repair of existing facilities and the planning, design and construction of additional facilities essential to future programmatic needs.
A. Restoration and Renovation of Buildings
The Restoration and Renovation of Buildings (R&R) account is used to finance repairs, alterations and improvements to Smithsonian facilities which are comprised of well over 4 million square feet of building space located in 14 museum and gallery buildings (including the Quadrangle, now under construction) in Washington, D.C. and New York City, housing research and collections management activities and a wide range of exhibitions in the fields of science, history, technology and art. In addi- tion, the Institution operates and maintains preservation, storage, aircraft and spacecraft display facilities and the Museum Support Center at Suitland, Maryland; centers for biological research, and conservation and education in Panama and on the .
Chesapeake Bay near Annapolis, Maryland; a center for astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts; and the Whipple Observatory on Mt. Hopkins in Arizona. These facili- ties range in age from new to well over 100 years old.
The Smithsonian's request for $16,755,000 in FY 1985, coupled with ongoing planning of major restoration and renovation initiatives in subsequent years, illustrates the Institution's commitment toward strengthening preventive maintenance and improvement programs to better the condition of existing facilities and to a thorough and creative process of planning for and meeting future facilities requirements. Consequently, although funds are sought in this budget to continue a wide range of essential repair, alteration and improvement projects, major emphasis will be placed in this and subse- quent years on improving heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems at facili- ties on and off the Mall; completion of design and installation of fire detection and suppression systems; continuation of work consistent with master plans developed for off-Mall facilities; and the planning, design, renovation, and construction of facili- ties to meet present and future collections storage, exhibition and other programmatic needs of the Institution.
B Construction and Improvements, National Zoological Park
This request for $4,250,000 is for use at the National Zoological Park for repairs, alterations and improvements to existing facilities including exhibits; to prepare plans and specifications for construction; and to perform renovations, restorations and new construction for implementing the Master Plan approved by the Commission of Fine Arts and the National Capital Planning Commission in FY 1973. The Zoo's facilities include 168 acres in the Rock Creek Valley of Washington, D.C. , and a 3,150-acre Conservation and Research Center located near Front Royal, Virginia. Construction and improvements are accomplished primarily by contract except in instances when suitable contractors cannot be located or their estimates are above acceptable cost levels in relation to the proposed work. In such cases, accomplishment of the work by other means, such as the purchase of supplies, materials and equipment and/or use of current staff or temporary labor, is the most economical alternative. Furthermore, occa- sionally it is necessary to fund other related expenses from this account, particularly those associated with the displacement of animals as a result of the construction program or major grounds maintenance in repair of storm damage.
C. Construction: General Post Office Building
On May 24, 1983, the Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works, which has oversight responsibility for GSA, heard testimony from the Smithsonian and the United States International Trade Commission (principal occupancy for the past 60 years of the building) on the respective agencies' interests in the General Post Office building which would be used by the Smithsonian for expanded public activities of the National Museum of American Art, the National Portrait Gallery and the Archives of American Art. It seems clear that while the Commission would like to remain in the building because of its convenience and historical association, the Commission is very concerned that long-overdue major repairs be made, and it recognizes that the building is too small to meet all of its needs (about 15 percent of present staff is housed elsewhere). On June 23, the Committee recommended, and on June 29, the Senate passed S. 1287, the FY 1984 General Service Administration authorization, which contains an amendment directing the Administrator to transfer the building to the Smithsonian without reimbursement, con- tingent on GSA securing suitable quality space for the Commission's relocation. Action on the transfer is anticipated in the House during the fall of 1983. Funds are necessary in the amount of $3,500,000 for FY 1985 to accomplish initial planning and design of needed improvements with the balance of $31,500,000 for renovation needed in FY 1986. .
NONAPPROPRIATED SOURCES OF FUNDING
In addition to the support provided by Federal appropriations, the Institution also receives Nonappropriated Funds used to expand and enrich its programs. The Nonappropriated Fund activities (Trust funds) are presented along with the Federal budget request to provide an overview of all uses of funds for each Smithsonian bureau.
The Trust funds are composed of unrestricted funds, restricted funds and Federal grants and contracts and are applied in the following fashion:
A. Unrestricted Funds
1. General - Central management and administrative service units of the Institution, such as legal counsel, accounting, personnel, supply and budget receive Trust allotments whose costs are primarily funded from overhead recovery on grants and contracts received by the Smithsonian and from internal administrative fees charged to other Trust funded activities. Operating funds are provided to Trust funded activities such as the Visitors Information and Associates' Reception Center, the Cooper-Hewitt Museum, and the Office of Folklife Programs along with a variety of program allotments for important Institutional and bureau needs as approved by the Board of Regents. These allotments are primarily funded from short-term investment income and net proceeds from food service concessions, museum shops, sales of Smithsonian books, records and other products based on designs and objects in the collections, and from the Resident and National Associate Programs (including Smithsonian magazine)
2. Special Purpose - Certain bureaus have income-producing activities, the largest of which is the Theater and Spacearium operations of the National Air and Space Museum. Also included in this category are miscellaneous bureau revenues from the sale of posters, exhibit brochures and publications; tuition grants from universities; the museums' share of sales in the restaurant and museum shops; membership and admission fees; exhibit rental; and investment income.
Beginning in FY 1979, the Board of Regents approved using the Institution's unrestricted Trust funds for certain programs previously financed with appropriated funds. These consist of the Institution's various fellowship programs (FY 1985 allot- ment, of $1.9 million) and the appropriate Tru