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Development and Implementation of an Adaptive HTTP Streaming Framework for H.264/MVC Coded Media
POLITECNICO DI TORINO III Facoltà di Ingegneria Laurea Specialistica in Ingegneria delle Telecomunicazioni Development and Implementation of an Adaptive HTTP Streaming Framework for H.264/MVC Coded Media Adviser: Prof. Gabriella OLMO – Politecnico di Torino Co-Adviser: Ing. Emanuele QUACCHIO – STMicroelectronics Candidate: Juan Esteban HURTADO GUZMÁN November 2010 Acknowledgments I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Emanuele Quacchio, my supervisor at STMicroelectronics, for the patient guidance and all the intuitions provided. Without his expert support, carrying through this study would have been much harder and taken longer. I’m indebted to him for effective team work, and encouraging through the whole process. I would also like to thank Prof.ssa Gabriella Olmo, for providing this thesis opportunity and constant guidance. Many thanks to all my friends who have been around all these years, who have been helping me at different occasions and in one way or another have influenced this thesis I must acknowledge my girlfriend and best friend, Paula, without her love, patient, encouragement and editing assistance, I would not have finished this thesis. Lately, and most importantly I wish to thanks my family. Victoria Eugenia, Juan Martin and Alejandro. They have always supported and encourage me to do my best in all matters of life. To them I dedicate this thesis. ii Abstract 3-D/MVC video streaming refers to the continuous, interactive and real-time delivery of 3-D/Multi-view media content over networks that allows user interactions -
BIG-IP® Acceleration: Concepts
BIG-IP® Acceleration: Concepts Version 12.1.0 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introducing Acceleration..........................................................................................................11 Overview: Introduction to acceleration.............................................................................11 Origin web server load balancing..........................................................................11 About data centers................................................................................................12 Data compression.................................................................................................12 Data deduplication.................................................................................................12 Optimization of TCP connections..........................................................................12 Caching objects.....................................................................................................13 Optimization of HTTP protocol and web applications............................................13 Overview: BIG-IP Acceleration.........................................................................................14 Application management.......................................................................................14 Application monitoring...........................................................................................14 Deployment of Distributed BIG-IP Application Acceleration..................................14 Management -
Detecting Middlebox Interference on Applications
Detecting Middlebox Interference on Applications Shan Huang Felix´ Cuadrado, Steve Uhlig School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy to the University of London July 2017 Abstract Middleboxes are widely used in today’s Internet, especially for security and performance. Mid- dleboxes classify, filter and shape traffic, therefore interfering with application behaviour and performing new network functions for end hosts. Recent studies have uncovered and studied middleboxes in different types of networks. In order to understand the middlebox interference on traffic flows and explore the involved ASes, our methodology relies on a client-server architecture, to be able to observe both directions of the middlebox interaction. Meanwhile, probing with increasing TTL values provides us chances to inspect behaviour of middleboxes hop by hop. Implementing our methodologies, we exploit a large-scale proxy infrastructure Luminati, to de- tect HTTP-interacting middleboxes across the Internet. We collect a large-scale dataset from van- tage points distributed in nearly 10,000 ASes across 196 countries. Our results provide abundant evidence for middleboxes deployed across more than 1000 ASes. We observe various middle- box interference in both directions of traffic flows, and across a wide range networks, including mobile operators and data center networks. i Contents 1 Introduction3 1.1 Introduction.....................................3 1.2 Motivation......................................4 1.3 Contribution.....................................5 2 Literature Study6 2.1 Middleboxes Taxonomy..............................6 2.2 Middleboxes Today.................................7 2.2.1 Middleboxes in Enterprise Networks....................7 2.2.2 Middleboxes in ISP Networks.......................8 2.2.3 Middleboxes and Internet Censorship...................9 2.3 Detecting Method................................. -
Network Working Group M. Thomson Internet-Draft Intended Status: Informational M
Network Working Group M. Thomson Internet-Draft Intended status: Informational M. Nottingham Expires: March 21, 2020 September 18, 2019 Report from the IAB Workshop on Exploring Synergy between Content Aggregation and the Publisher Ecosystem (ESCAPE) draft-iab-escape-report-00 Abstract The Exploring Synergy between Content Aggregation and the Publisher Ecosystem (ESCAPE) Workshop was convened by the Internet Architecture Board (IAB) in July 2019. This report summarizes its significant points of discussion and identifies topics that may warrant further consideration. Status of This Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet- Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in progress." This Internet-Draft will expire on March 21, 2020. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2019 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust’s Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2016/0337426A1 Shribman Et Al
US 20160337426A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2016/0337426A1 Shribman et al. (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 17, 2016 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR STREAMING (52) U.S. Cl. CONTENT FROM MULTIPLE SERVERS CPC ........... H04L 65/4084 (2013.01); H04L 67/42 (2013.01); H04L 67/02 (2013.01); H04L (71) Applicant: Hols NETWORKS LTD., Netanya 65/608 (2013.01); H04N 21/6125 (2013.01) IL (72) Inventors: Derry Shribman, Tel Aviv (IL): Ofer Vilenski, Moshav Hadar Am (IL) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 15/089,721 A system and a method for media streaming from multiple (22) Filed: Apr. 4, 2016 Sources are disclosed. A content requesting client device accesses a server to receive a list of available sources that Related U.S. Application Data may include multiple Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) (60) Provisional application No. 62/161,553, filed on May and independent servers. Based on a pre-set criteria, such as 14, 2015, provisional application No. 62/173,411, the source delivery performance and cost, the client device filed on Jun. 10, 2015, provisional application No. part1tions the content into parts, allocates a source to each 62/210,081, filed on Aug. 26, 2015, provisional ap- part, and simultaneously receives media streams of the plication No. 623.08.29ified on Mar 15, 2016. content parts from the allocated sources. The server may be s1 - us s a Video-on-Demand (VOD) server, and the content may be Publication Classification a single file of a video data, Such as a movie. The delivery performance of the used sources is measured during the (51) Int. -
Chapter 4: the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
4. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol 4-1 Chapter 4: The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) References: • Erik Wilde: World Wide Web — Technische Grundlagen. Springer, 1999, ISBN 3-540- 64700-7, 641 Seiten. • T. Berners-Lee, R. Fielding, H. Frystyk: Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP/1.0. RFC 1945, May 1996, 60 pages. • R. Fielding et al.: Hypertext Transfer Protocol — HTTP/1.1. RFC 2616, June 1999, 176 pages. • J. Franks et al.: HTTP Authentication: Basic and Digest Access Authentication. RFC 2617, June 1999, 34 pages. • David H. Crocker (Ed.): Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet Text Messages. RFC 822, August 1982, 47 pages. • P. Wainwright: Professional Apache. Wrox Press, 1999, ISBN 1-861003-02-1, 617 pages. • D. Kristol, L. Montulli: HTTP State Management Mechanism. RFC 2965, Oct. 2000, 26 pages. • K. Moore, N. Freed: Use of HTTP State Management. RFC 2964, Oct. 2000, 8 pages. • David M. Kristol: HTTP Cookies: Standards, privacy, and politics. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT), Volume 1 , Issue 2 (November 2001), Pages: 151 - 198 • S. Brass: Cookies. In R. Flynn (Ed.): Macmillan Computer Sciences. Macmillan, 2002. Stefan Brass: Grundlagen des World Wide Web Universit¨atHalle, 2006 4. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol 4-2 Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to: • explain what exactly happens when you click on a link in a web page. You should be able to write HTTP requests and interpret HTTP responses. Why it is good to keep the TCP connection open for a short time after the response? • explain how language and format are selected. • explain authentication for protected pages. -
Specification of Web Ingest of Meteorological Bulletins in Wis
SPECIFICATION OF WEB INGEST OF METEOROLOGICAL BULLETINS IN WIS 2013‐07‐10 TOYODA Eizi, JMA 2013‐09‐09 1st revision, TOYODA Eizi, JMA 2013‐12‐24 2nd revision, MIZUSHIMA Hirofumi, JMA INTRODUCTION This document describes a mechanism to ingest meteorological bulletins in WIS via HTTPS (HTTP over TLS)1. The objective is to back up the dissemination of GTS bulletins when the primary way is under interruptions. The purpose and protocol look similar to the Web Data Ingest2 of GTS. The difference is that the present document is intended for automated submission of files accumulating meteorological bulletins, while the Web Data Ingest is designed for human typing on text forms. GENERAL DISCUSSIONS TERMINOLOGY AND REASON FOR PUSH This document discusses “push” type of protocol, in which sender of data initiates the TCP connection. A software sending data is called “client”, and the receiver called “server”. Push protocol can avoid delay due to polling, while the client has to take responsibility to detect error. The HTTP provides PUT and POST methods for push. Between the two methods, PUT is recommended for simplicity. ONE REQUEST PER ONE FILE One HTTP request is used to submit one file with a name. One HTTP response is returned from the server. The client must inspect the response to detect error. The format of the file may be agreed by both parties of communication, but one possibility is a so‐called WMO FTP format3. 1 IETF RFC 2818: “HTTP Over TLS”. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2818 2 Section B, Attachment II‐16 “Procedures for Transmitting and Collecting Meteorological Bulletins on the Internet”, the Manual on Global Telecommunication System, WMO No. -
REST-Style API Reference
DLI REST-style API Reference Generated by Doxygen 20210421T131022Z ii CONTENTS Contents 1 Overview 1 1.1 Target audience............................................ 2 1.2 Design goals.............................................. 2 2 REST architectural style introduction3 2.1 HTTP verbs.............................................. 3 2.2 HTTP request headers ........................................ 4 2.3 Content types............................................. 5 3 Basic examples 5 4 Data model 9 4.1 Scalar types.............................................. 10 4.2 Singleton types ............................................ 10 4.3 Container types............................................ 10 4.4 The sum type ............................................. 11 4.5 The call type.............................................. 11 4.6 Constraints .............................................. 12 5 Supported standard interfaces 12 5.1 URIs.................................................. 12 5.2 HTTP verbs.............................................. 13 5.3 HTTP authentication.......................................... 13 5.4 Input MIME types........................................... 13 5.4.1 application/json........................................ 13 5.4.2 text/plain ........................................... 14 5.4.3 application/x-www-form-urlencoded ............................. 14 5.5 Patch MIME types........................................... 15 5.5.1 application/json-patch+json.................................. 15 5.5.2 application/x-www-form-urlencoded -
BIG-IP Acceleration
BIG-IP® Acceleration: Concepts Version 13.0.0 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introducing Acceleration............................................................................................................9 Overview: Introduction to acceleration............................................................................... 9 Origin web server load balancing............................................................................9 About data centers.................................................................................................. 9 Data compression................................................................................................. 10 Data deduplication.................................................................................................10 Optimization of TCP connections..........................................................................10 Caching objects.....................................................................................................11 Optimization of HTTP protocol and web applications............................................11 Overview: BIG-IP Acceleration.........................................................................................11 Application management.......................................................................................12 Application monitoring...........................................................................................12 Deployment of Distributed BIG-IP Application Acceleration..................................12 -
An Overview of the HTTP Protocol As Covered in Rfcs 1
An Overview of the HTTP Protocol as covered in RFCs 1 Contents 1. Introduction and History ........................................................................................................................ 3 2. HTTP Versions ......................................................................................................................................... 3 3. HTTP Protocol Request/Response ......................................................................................................... 3 4. HTTP/1.0 and earlier .............................................................................................................................. 4 5. HTTP Keep-Alive ..................................................................................................................................... 4 6. HTTP Pipelining ....................................................................................................................................... 4 7. HTTP ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 8. HTTP Intermediaries: Proxy ................................................................................................................... 5 9. HTTP Intermediaries: Tunnel ................................................................................................................. 6 10. HTTP Methods ....................................................................................................................................... -
Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1
Network Working Group R. Fielding Request for Comments: 2616 UC Irvine Obsoletes: 2068 J. Gettys Category: Standards Track Compaq/W3C J. C. Mogul Compaq H. Frystyk W3C/MIT L. Masinter Xerox P. Leach Microsoft T. Berners-Lee W3C/MIT June, 1999 Hypertext Transfer Protocol -- HTTP/1.1 Status of this Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the “Internet Official Protocol Standards” (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Copyright Notice Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved. Abstract The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application-level protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. It is a generic, stateless, protocol which can be used for many tasks beyond its use for hypertext, such as name servers and distributed object management systems, through extension of its request methods, error codes and headers [47]. A feature of HTTP is the typing and negotiation of data representation, allowing systems to be built independently of the data being transferred. HTTP has been in use by the World-Wide Web global information initiative since 1990. This specification defines the protocol referred to as “HTTP/1.1”, and is an update to RFC 2068 [33]. Fielding, et al Standards Track [Page 1] RFC 2616 HTTP/1.1 June, 1999 Table of Contents HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL -- HTTP/1.1.................................................1 -
Syncml HTTP Binding 1 of 19 Pages Version 1.0 2000-12-07
SyncML HTTP Binding 1 of 19 Pages http://www.syncml.org/docs/syncml_http_v10_20001207.pdf Version 1.0 2000-12-07 SyncML HTTP Binding, version 1.0 Abstract THIS SPECIFICATION IS A SYNCML DRAFT DOCUMENT AND MAY BE UPDATED, REPLACED OR OBSOLETED BY ANOTHER DOCUMENT AT ANY TIME. IT IS INAPPROPRIATE TO USE THIS SPECIFICATION FOR PRODUCT IMPLEMENTATION UNTIL PUBLISHED OR TO REFERENCE THE MATERIAL OR TO CITE IT OTHER THAN AS "WORK IN PROGRESS". This document describes how to use the SyncML over HTTP. The document uses the primitives and methods defined in the HTTP specification V1.1 as defined in [1]. The document assumes a scenario consisting of a data synchronization client (e.g., a mobile phone) and a data synchronization server where the master for the data resides. Within wide area networks, the data synchronization server could be a remote web server. Copyright © Ericsson, IBM, Lotus, Matsushita Communications Industrial Co., LTD, Motorola, Nokia, Palm, Inc., Psion, Starfish Software (2000) All Rights Reserved. SyncML HTTP Binding 2 of 19 Pages http://www.syncml.org/docs/syncml_http_v10_20001207.pdf Version 1.0 2000-12-07 SyncML Initiative The following companies are Sponsors of the SyncML initiative: Ericsson IBM Lotus Matsushita Communications Industrial Co. Motorola Nokia Palm, Inc. Psion Starfish Software Revision History Revision Date Comments V0.9 2000-05-31 Version 0.9. V1.0 2000-08-29 Reformatted for v1.0 Alpha release. No technical changes. Alpha V1.0 Beta 2000-11-10 Revised headers for v1.0 Beta release. No technical changes. V1.0 2000-12-07 The candidate version for the final release.