Draft Phase I Environmental Site Assessment ADOT&PF Yakutat Airport Multiple Sites Yakutat, Alaska

SLR Ref: 104.00065.12003

ADEC File Number: 1530.38.018

June 2012

Draft Phase I Environmental Site Assessment ADOT&PF Yakutat Airport Multiple Sites Yakutat, Alaska

Prepared for: ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION P.O. Box 111800 410 Willoughby, Suite 302 Juneau, AK 99811-1800

This document has been prepared by SLR International Corp. The material and data in this report were prepared under the supervision and direction of the undersigned.

Christina Bentz Associate Geologist

Eugene T. Watson, P.G. Principal Scientist

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CONTENTS

ACRONYMS ...... iv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ES-1 Site Description ...... ES-1 Report Summary ...... ES-1 Conclusions ...... ES-2 Recognized Environmental Conditions ...... ES-2 Historical Recognized Environmental Conditions ...... ES-3

ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL STATEMENTS ...... ES-4

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 1.1 Project Information ...... 1-1 1.2 Objectives ...... 1-1 1.3 Purpose ...... 1-2 1.4 Scope of Work, Significant Assumptions, Terms, and Conditions ...... 1-2 1.5 Reliance...... 1-2 1.6 User-Provided Information ...... 1-3 1.7 Provided Documents...... 1-3

2. RECORDS REVIEW ...... 2-1 2.1 Federal/State Environmental Records ...... 2-1 2.1.1 Listings for the Site ...... 2-2 2.1.2 Listings for Nearby Sites with Potential to Impact the Site ...... 2-3 2.2 Local/Regional Environmental Records ...... 2-3 2.2.1 ADEC Spills Database ...... 2-4 2.2.2 ADEC UST Database ...... 2-4 2.2.3 ADEC Contaminated Sites Database ...... 2-4 2.2.4 ADEC File Review ...... 2-1 2.3 Historical Records ...... 2-2 2.3.1 Recorded Land Title Records ...... 2-2 2.3.2 Aerial Photographs ...... 2-3 2.3.3 City Directories ...... 2-3 2.3.4 Historical Fire Insurance Maps ...... 2-3 2.3.5 Historical Topographic Maps ...... 2-4 2.3.6 Other Historical Sources ...... 2-4

3. SITE RECONNAISSANCE ...... 3-1 3.1 Physical Setting ...... 3-1 3.2 Site and Surrounding Area Reconnaissance ...... 3-1 3.3 Methodology ...... 3-1 3.4 Restrictions ...... 3-2 3.5 General Site and Area Description ...... 3-2 3.6 Exterior Observations ...... 3-3

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3.7 Interior Observations...... 3-7 3.8 Hazardous Substances and Petroleum Products ...... 3- 10 3.9 Underground Storage Tanks/Structures ...... 3- 11 3.10 Aboveground Storage Tanks ...... 3- 12 3.11 Adjoining Properties ...... 3- 13 3.11.1 Current Uses of Adjoining Properties ...... 3- 13 3.11.2 Observed Evidence of Past Uses of Adjoining Properties ...... 3-13 3.11.3 Pits, Ponds, or Lagoons on Adjoining Properties ...... 3-14 3.12 Observed Physical Setting ...... 3- 14

4. INTERVIEWS ...... 4-1 4.1 Findings from Interview with Carey Cossaboom ...... 4-1 4.2 Findings from Interview with Rhonda Coston ...... 4-2 4.3 Findings from Interview With Robert Lekanof, Jr., Airport Manager, ADOT &PF Snow Removal Equipment Building ...... 4-3 4.4 Findings from Interview With Robert D. Miller, Owner/Manager, Block 1, Parcel A ...... 4-4 4.5 Findings from Interview With Debra Hartley, Secretary/Tresurer, Alsek Air Service, Block 1, Lot 1A ...... 4-5 4.6 Findings from Interview with Leo and Tracy Tejeda, Owner/operators, Block 2, Lot 1A ...... 4-6 4.7 Findings from Interview with Hans Munich, Owner, Yakutat Coastal Airlines, Block 2, Lot 3 ...... 4-7 4.8 Findings from Interview with Kenneth Fanning, Owner, Yakutat Lodge, Block 2, Lot 4A and Block 3, Lot 1a ...... 4-8 4.9 Findings from Interview with Ryan Baker, Station Manager, Alaska Airlines, Block 2, Lot 5 ...... 4-9 4.10 Findings from Interview with Skip Johnson, Contracted Hanger Watch, Block 4, Lot 2 ...... 4- 10 4.11 Findings from Interview with Robert Lekanof, Jr., Airport Manager, ARFF Building, Block 4, Lot 3 ...... 4- 11 4.12 Findings from Interview with Christian Werner, Managing Partner, Yakutat Land, LLC, TSA/NOAA, Block 4, Lot 4 ...... 4-12 4.13 Findings from Interview with Kip Fanning, Manager, Block 5, Lot 2 ...... 4-13 4.14 Findings from Interview Kip Fanning, Lessee, Block 22, Lot 5 ...... 4- 14 4.15 Findings from Interview with Barbara Cokeley, Resident, Block 40, Lot 7 ...... 4-15 4.16 Required Questions ...... 4- 16

5. SIGNIFICANT DATA GAPS...... 5-1

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6. CONCLUSIONS ...... 6-1 6.1.1 Recognized Environmental Conditions ...... 6-1 6.1.2 Historical Recognized Environmental Conditions ...... 6-1

7. REFERENCES ...... 7-1

FIGURES Figure 1 Site Location Map Figure 2 Locations of Known Impact Figure 3 Site Features – Blocks 2 through 5 Figure 4 Site Features – Blocks 1, 6, 21, and 22 Figure 5 Site Features – Blocks 10 through 18 Figure 6 Site Features – Block 40

APPENDICES Appendix A Site Reconnaissance Photograph Log and Contact Prints Appendix B Historical Aerial Photographs Appendix C Environmental Regulatory Database Reports Appendix D Land Records Appendix E Phase I ESA Statement of Limitations Appendix F Qualifications of Environmental Professionals

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ACRONYMS

ADEC Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation ADOT&PF Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities ARFF Aircraft Rescue Firefighting Facility AFFF aqueous fire fighting foam AOC areas of concern AST aboveground storage tank ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials bgs below ground surface CERCLIS Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System CFR Code of Federal Regulations CORRACTS Corrective Action Sites CSD Contaminated Sites Database cy cubic yards EP environmental professional EDR Environmental Data Resources, Inc. ERNS Emergency Response Notification System ESA Environmental Site Assessment FAA Federal Aviation Administration FINDS Facility Index System/Facility Registry System FUDS Formerly Used Defense Sites HREC historical recognized environmental condition LUST Leaking Underground Storage Tank NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NOV notice of violation NPL National Priorities List NWS National Weather Service PCBs polychlorinated biphenyls RAB Restoration Advisory Board RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act REC recognized environmental condition RFP request for proposal RP responsible party

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R20SA Runway 20 Safety Area SLR SLR International Corporation SREB Snow Removal Equipment Building SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan TSA Transportation Security Administration USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers USFS U.S. Forest Service UST underground storage tank

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

SITE DESCRIPTION

SLR International Corporation (SLR) has performed a Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) of the State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities (ADOT&PF) Yakutat Airport Multiple Sites property in Yakutat, Alaska (the “Site”) on behalf of the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC).

The Site is a state-owned public-use airport located southeast of the main city of Yakutat in southeast Alaska. It is located approximately three miles from the City of Yakutat in Township 28 South, Range 34 East, Copper River Meridian, Records of the Juneau Recording District, First Judicial District of the State of Alaska. The Site is owned by ADOT&PF and the more developed portions of the airport are divided into blocks and lots. A few blocks and lots within the Site boundary have not been released to the State of Alaska by the U.S. government and remain federal property. These properties, which are excluded from the Site, include: Block 10, Lot 1; Block 14, Lots 1A and 6; and Block 15, Lots 1 and 2. The majority of the Site is utilized as an active airport although there are also lodging facilities, offices, vehicle maintenance and leasing facilities, residential housing, a restaurant/lounge, and other facilities.

The Site origins date back to 1940 when the Yakutat Army Airfield was constructed as part of the United States Army’s long-range defense program for Alaska during World War II (WWII). The airfield served as a ferrying field and refueling stop during the war. The airbase was placed on caretaker status in April 1944, declared surplus in December 1945, and ceased operations in 1946. Land not designed as part of the Tongass National Forest was placed in federal land holding for the Civil Aeronautics Administration (now known as the Federal Aviation Administration [FAA]). By 1948, all property used by the military had been declared surplus and today, none of the former military land is owned or controlled by the Department of Defense (USACE, 2008).

REPORT SUMMARY

The findings of the Phase I ESA of the ADOT&PF Yakutat Airport Multiple Sites property located in Yakutat, Alaska are summarized below.

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DATA REPORT SECTION REC1 HREC2 GAP COMMENTS Site Reconnaissance Yes No Yes The historical use of petroleum products on the Site is a REC. Data gaps are due to inaccessibility to some buildings and some areas due to heavy vegetation and/or snow. Surrounding Property Yes Yes Yes Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) impact of a Reconnaissance federal in-holding property. Data gaps due to interiors of buildings on federal in-holdings were not assessed. Surrounding properties were also heavily vegetated and/or still snow covered. Environmental Records Yes Yes No Both RECs and HRECs found. Review Historical Records Review No No No None. Interviews Yes Yes No Both formal and informal interviews indicated the presence of RECs and HRECs. User Information Yes Yes No User information indicated the presence of RECs and HRECs.

1 Recognized Environmental Condition (REC) 2 Historical Recognized Environmental Condition (HREC)

CONCLUSIONS

RECOGNIZED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

SLR has performed a Phase I ESA of the ADOT&PF Yakutat Airport Multiple Sites property located in Yakutat, Alaska. The Phase I ESA was performed in conformance with the scope and limitations of the ASTM’s Standard Practice E 1527-05. Exceptions to, or deletions from, this practice are described in Section 4 of this report. This assessment has revealed the following findings with respect to RECs and HRECs at the Site:

• The Yakutat Airport has a long history of fuel handling, aircraft operations, vehicle maintenance and leasing, and other related activities that have been conducted dating back to WWII.

The following specific observations contributed to the Site-wide REC:

• Fifty-one aboveground storage tanks (ASTs), 34 drums, and other fuel containing vessels, with some exhibiting past releases, observed during the Site Reconnaissance. In addition former ASTs and underground storage tanks are known to exist at the Site based on the historical records reviewed.

• A contaminated soil stockpile was observed covering portions of Block 12, Lots 6 and 7 and Block 13, Lots 2, 5, and 6.

• Strip and floor drains with unknown discharge locations were observed associated with the buildings on Block 1, Parcel A (WWII hangar); Block 4, Lot 2; and Block 22, Lot 5.

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• The presence of facilities with unknown discharge in conjunction with the waste lagoon, and large number of septic systems (with exact location and origins unknown).

• Staining was observed in several hangars and buildings at the Site. These include the WWII hangar on Block 1, Parcel A; the Alsek Air building on Block 1, Lot 1A; the Yakutat Coastal Airlines building on Block 2, Lot 3; the National Park Service (NPS) building on Block 4, Lot 2; the Situk Leasing building on Block 5, Lot 2; and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) building on Block 17, Lot 2.

• An in-holding non-ADOT&PF property located on Block 15, Lots 1 and 2, was learned to be a PCB-cleanup site. The environmental records search did not find this Site and the current status is unknown. The lots are owned by the federal government and five monitoring wells were observed.

• Eight regulatory-managed contaminated sites are located within the Site boundary, and several open contaminated sites located close to the Site’s boundary.

HISTORICAL RECOGNIZED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The following HRECs were identified:

• Twenty spills were found in ADEC’s spills database that may have occurred at or near the Site. All but three of these spills have been closed by ADEC; the remaining three spills were transferred to ADEC’s Contaminated Sites Department. These spills are classified as HRECs.

• Three records were found in ADEC’s Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) database of sites that have been closed within the Site boundary.

• There are contaminated sites within the Site boundary that are listed with a status of “Cleanup Complete” or “Cleanup Complete – Institutional Controls”.

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONAL STATEMENTS

I declare that, to the best of my professional knowledge and belief, I meet the definition of Environmental Professional (EP), as defined in Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Title 40, Section 312.10;

And

I have the specific qualifications based on education, training, and experience to assess a property of the nature, history, and setting of the Site. I have developed and performed appropriate inquiry in conformance with the standards and practices set forth in 40 CFR Part 312.

EP:

EP’s Name: Eugene T. Watson, P.G. EP’s Title: Principal

DATE:

June 2012

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT INFORMATION

Client (“User”) Alaska Department of Consultant SLR International Corporation (SLR) Information: Environmental Conservation Information: 2700 Gambell Street, Suite 200 P.O. Box 111800 Anchorage, AK 99503 410 Willoughby, Suite 302 Juneau, AK 99811-1800 Client Contact Project Manager Name: Bruce Wanstall Name: Andy Larson Phone: (907) 465-5210 Phone: (970) 452-2252 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]

Site Latitude / 59º 30’32.56”(N) Inspection Date: May 23 - 25, 2012 Longitude: 139º 39’36.45”(W)

Site Information: Alaska Department of Interview Date: May 2012 Transportation and Public Facilities

(ADOT&PF) Yakutat Airport Records Date: April & May 2012 Multiple Sites Report Date: June 2012

Yakutat, Alaska Site Assessor: Sara Sjostrom & Stephanie Heiges Senior Reviewer: Gene Watson

1.2 OBJECTIVES

The objective of this Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) was to identify, to the extent feasible pursuant to the processes outlined in the scope of work, recognized environmental conditions (RECs), or historical recognized environmental conditions (HRECs), as defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process, ASTM Practice E 1527-05 (ASTM E1527), and other environmental concerns that were neither RECs nor HRECs for the Site.

The ASTM Practice defines a REC as:

“…the presence or likely presence of any hazardous substances or petroleum products on a property under conditions that indicated an existing release, a past release, or a material threat of a release of any hazardous substances or petroleum products into structures on the property or into the ground, groundwater, or surface water of the property. The term includes hazardous substances or petroleum products even under conditions in compliance with laws. The term is not intended to include de minimis conditions that generally do not present a material risk of harm to public health or the environment and that generally would not be the subject of an enforcement action if brought to the attention of appropriate government agencies…”

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The ASTM Practice defines an HREC as:

“…an environmental condition, which in the past would have been considered a REC, but which may or may not be considered a REC currently. The final decision rests with the environmental professional and will be influenced by the current impact of the HREC on the Site. If a past release of any hazardous substances or petroleum products has occurred in connection with the property and has been remediated, with such remediation accepted by the responsible regulatory agency, this condition shall be considered an HREC…”

1.3 PURPOSE

This assessment is intended to provide the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) with information regarding RECs and HRECs at the Site. This assessment constitutes appropriate inquiry into the previous ownership and uses of the Site, consistent with good commercial or customary practice, as defined in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 at U.S. Code Title 42, Chapter 103, Subchapter I, Section 9601(35)(B).

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK, SIGNIFICANT ASSUMPTIONS, TERMS, AND CONDITIONS

The scope of work, significant assumptions, and terms and conditions applicable to this Phase I ESA are identified in the following documents:

• Request for Proposal (RFP) issued by ADEC;

• Proposal between SLR and ADEC, dated March 23, 2012;

• ASTM Standard Practice, E 1527-05; and

• Statement of Limitations presented as Appendix E of this report.

1.5 RELIANCE

This report was prepared for the exclusive use of ADEC. No other entity may rely on the information presented in the report without the express written consent of SLR. Any use of this Phase I ESA report constitutes acceptance of the terms and conditions under which it was prepared. SLR’s liability extends only to its client and not to any other parties who may obtain or use this report.

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1.6 USER-PROVIDED INFORMATION

The User (Bruce Wanstall) indicated that his knowledge of the Site is mostly based on public records and thus elected to answer the Phase I ESA required questions and provide SLR with copies of his electronic files for the Site. Mr. Wanstall did answer the three Phase I ESA required questions as presented in Section 4.16 of this report. The full interview questions are provided below; information presented here was obtained from the User through the RFP.

USER-PROVIDED INFORMATION FINDINGS Information on environmental liens on the Site: Not provided.

Information on Site activity and use limitations (AULs): Not provided.

Specialized knowledge or experience of the User that is Not provided. material to RECs in connection with the Site:

Knowledge that Site purchase/sale price is significantly The property is not for sale. lower than market value:

Commonly known or reasonably ascertainable Not provided. information about the Site material to RECs:

Reason why the User wants to have the Phase I ESA The User wanted the Phase I ESA to identify performed: environmental hindrances that could limit the current and future use of the properties. The User also specified that the object of this Phase I ESA is to construct a comprehensive analysis of historical information and environmental conditions before site characterization or corrective action plans are initiated.

1.7 PROVIDED DOCUMENTS

The following documents were provided to SLR by the User or other parties as described below:

• CD containing ADEC electronic records available in the Juneau, Alaska office was provided to SLR by the User upon request;

• BlueZone Mainframe Display – Screen shot of properties and all contract numbers which have ever been assigned against those properties provided to SLR by ADOT&PF upon request;

• Custom report for all contracts (current and historic) at the Yakutat airport. This report contains contract numbers, lease dates, and leaseholder address. This report was provided to SLR by ADOT&PF upon request;

• Electronic copy of the Final Report: Feasibility Study Former Yakutat Air Force Base Yakutat, Alaska (S&W, 2010) provided to SLR by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Yakutat Project Manager upon request; and,

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• Electronic copy of the Final Report – Volume I 2010 Supplemental Remedial Investigation Former Yakutat Air Force Base, Yakutat, Alaska (S&W, 2012) provided to SLR by the USACE Yakutat Project Manager upon request.

Due to the size of the files listed above and their nature (publically available upon request), they are not included as an appendix to this report with the exception of the ADOT&PF leasing documents. SLR reviewed the provided documents and has incorporated the findings into the body of this report in the applicable sections.

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2. RECORDS REVIEW

2.1 FEDERAL/STATE ENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS

A regulatory agency database search report was obtained from Environmental Data Resources, Inc. (EDR), a third-party environmental database search firm. Due to the size of the Site, an EDR DataMapTM Area Study was completed. As part of the EDR DataMapTM Area Study, federal, state, and tribal environmental records were searched. A complete copy of the database report, including the date the report was prepared, the date the information was last updated, and the definition of databases searched, is provided as Appendix C. The Phase I required databases are summarized below, although additional databases were also searched.

SEARCH NUMBER OF AGENCY LIST/DATABASE RADIUS LISTED SITES Federal National Priorities List (NPL) 1.0 mile 0

Federal Delisted NPL 1.0 mile 0 Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, 0.5 mile 1 and Liability Information System (CERCLIS) List Federal CERCLIS No Further Remedial Action Planned 0.5 mile 0 Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) 1.0 mile 0 Corrective Action Sites (CORRACTS) Federal RCRA Non-CORRACTS Treatment, Storage, and Disposal 0.5 mile 0 Facilities List Federal RCRA Generators 0.25 mile 1

Federal Institutional Control/Engineering Control Registry 0.5 mile 0

Federal Emergency Response Notification System (ERNS) Site 1

State and Tribal-Equivalent CERCLIS 1.0 mile 0

State and Tribal Solid Waste Facilities 0.5 mile 0

State and Tribal Leaking Underground Storage Tanks (LUST) Sites 0.5 mile 0 State and Tribal Underground/Aboveground Storage Tank 0.25 mile 0 (UST/AST) Sites State and Tribal Institutional Control/Engineering Control Registry 0.5 mile 0

State and Tribal Voluntary Cleanup Sites 0.5 mile 0

State and Tribal Brownfield Sites 0.5 mile 0

One additional database, the Facility Index System/Facility Registry System (FINDS) found two records, which were also listed in other databases, within the standard search radius. The sites found during the regulatory agency database search are described in the following section.

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2.1.1 LISTINGS FOR THE SITE

Listings for the Site are described as follows:

DATABASE FOUND SITE NAME ADDRESS & CLEANUP STATUS DESCRIPTION Yakutat AFB Yakutat, AK CERCLIS The database indicated that it was not a federal facility, 99689 FINDS was not on the NPL as determined on 10, 31, 2005, 59˚34’00” N and was flagged as a Formerly Used Defense Site 139˚33’00” W (FUDS). The database indicated that a site inspection was completed in 1998. Alaska Airlines Yakutat RCRA Non- As a RCRA Non-Generator, it is assumed that the Yakutat Municipal Generators facility does not presently generate hazardous waste. Airport, FINDS The following wastes were listed: Yakutat, AK • D000: Not defined; 99689 • D001: Ignitable hazardous wastes;

• D007: Chromium; • D008: Lead; • D018: Benzene; • F001: Spent halogenated solvents used in decreasing (includes: tetrachloroethylene, tricholorethylene, methylene chloride, 1,1,1­ trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorinated • F003: Spent non-halogenated solvents (includes: xylene, acetone, ethylacetate, ethylbenzene, ethylether, methylisobutylketone, n-butylalcohol, cyclohexanone, and methanol) • F005: Spent non-halogenated solvents (includes: toluene, methylethylkeytone, carbon disulfide, isobutanol, pyridine, benzene, 2-ethoxyethanol, and 2-nitropropane. A compliance evaluation audit was completed on August 15, 1998. No violations were found. Alaska Airlines is located at Block 2, Lot 5, and Block 3, Lot 2. Yakutat Yakutat ERNS The facility was listed as having reported an emergency Airport, 200 MI Airport, 200 MI release to soil. The spill was listed as occurring on July SE of SE of 10, 1987 when approximately 100 gallons of Anchorage, Anchorage, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) transformer oil (less 200 MI NW of 200 MI NW of than 500 ppm) was spilled to land from a transformer Juneau, Juneau, rupture. The database information listed that the spill Yakutat, AK Yakutat, AK was covered and would be excavated.

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2.1.2 LISTINGS FOR NEARBY SITES WITH POTENTIAL TO IMPACT THE SITE

SLR reviewed the Orphan Summary portion of the EDR report (Appendix C) and based on site names, location descriptions, and other ascertainable information, four of the orphan sites were determined to be located at or near the Site and not found during the location/regional environmental records review (presented in Section 2.2). These four orphan sites are described below.

DATABASE FOUND SITE NAME ADDRESS & CLEANUP STATUS DESCRIPTION Airport Drive Airport Drive ERNS Database; The Airport Drive Yakutat, AK site reported an Yakutat, AK Yakutat, AK Closed emergency releases to soil. On June 8, 2000, a 25­ gallon spill occurred while fueling an airplane with diesel fuel #2; the spill was to the tarmac. Booms and absorbents were applied. The responsible party was Delta Western. USDOT USDOT FAA RCRA, Listings for this site indicated: Federal Yakutat Air PADS,CERCLIS, and • This site is listed as a Conditionally Exempt Small Aviation NAV STA FINDS Database Quantity Generator. An evaluation was conducted Administration Yakutat, AK on August 16, 1998. No violations were found. Type (FAA) Yakutat 99689 of hazardous waste generated was not specified. Air NAV STA No spills reported. Generator generates hazardous waste, specifics of “what” that are not specified. • This site was also listed in the PADS database indicating that they are a generator of PCBs. • This site was determined to be ineligible for the NPL list. US Dept. of 1 Airport Road RCRA and FINDS As a RCRA Non-Generator, it is assumed that the Agriculture, Forest Database facility does not presently generate hazardous waste. A Forest Compound, compliance audit was completed on August 15, 1998. Service Yakutat, AK No violations were found. Yakutat Rd 99689 Alaska, State Alaska, State CERCLIS database A preliminary assessment conducted on February 1, of, Yakutat of, Yakutat 1993 indicated that this site was not eligible for the NPL. Airport Airport Yakutat, AK 99689

Source of information: EDR DataMap™ Area Study.

2.2 LOCAL/REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RECORDS

SLR reviewed ADEC electronic records for documented contaminated sites and spills at or near the Site. This search included a review of the following:

• ADEC Spills Database;

• UST Database;

• Contaminated Sites Database (CSD); and

• ADEC Files for selected sites.

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A complete description of the findings from these reviews is presented in Appendix C. A brief summary of key findings is provided in the sections below. Locations of known impact identified during this review are shown on Figure 2.

2.2.1 ADEC SPILLS DATABASE

SLR’s review of spill reports available on ADEC’s website found 20 spills that may have occurred at or near the Site based on facility name, address, and/or responsible party. With the exception of the three spills listed in the table below, all of the spills were issued a “Case Closed: No Further Action” determination by ADEC. Spilled substances include aviation fuel, diesel, hydraulic oil, engine lube oil, Agent Orange, and other unknown substances. Documented release volumes range from one to 500 gallons.

LOCATION/ FACILITY RESPONSIBLE SPILLED VOLUME ADEC CLOSURE OTHER DATE NAME COMPANY SUBSTANCE (GALLONS) DETERMINATION DESCRIPTION Delta Mystery Fuel ADOT&PF, 6/10/2010 Unknown 100 Case Closed; Western Fumes at Delta Western, Transferred to Airport, Yakutat Airport Yakutat Coastal Contaminated Yakutat Airlines Sites Yakutat ERA Helo ERA Aviation 6/19/2003 Diesel 15 Case Closed; Airport Backup Genset Transferred to Drum Contaminated Sites Yakutat Spill Site 63 DOT 7/19/2004 Engine Lube 500 Case Closed; Airport, Oil Transferred to DOT Site Contaminated Sites.

Source of spill information: ADEC Spill Prevention and Response online spills database.

2.2.2 ADEC UST DATABASE

The search yielded eight UST sites in Yakutat, Alaska. Based on name and location description, three were determined to be located at or near the airport. The USTs at all three locations are permanently out of use. Two of the UST sites are also listed in ADEC’s CSD with a status of “Cleanup Complete – Institutional Controls” and “Cleanup Complete”.

2.2.3 ADEC CONTAMINATED SITES DATABASE

The search yielded 31 contaminated sites in Yakutat, Alaska. Based on name and location description, 17 were determined to be located at or near the Site. Of the 17 sites listed, three are associated with the FAA (one open), eight are FUDS (all open), 3 are associated with ADOT&PF (two open and one informational), and three are associated with individual companies or agencies (i.e., Alaska Airlines, ERA Aviation, and National Oceanic and Atmosopheric Administration [NOAA]). The majority of the listings indicate petroleum hydrocarbon related impact.

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The ADOT&PF Yakutat Airport Multiples Sites (the Site) is listed for informational purposes and states the following: discoveries of petroleum-contaminated soil on State-owned or managed properties with no apparent source of the release has prompted the Contaminated Sites Program to investigate historical land use in the Yakutat Airport area. The airport area is a sizable part of the former Yakutat Air Force Base at which considerable fuel storage and handling took place during WWII and after which some questionable disposal practices took place. An in-progress FUDS investigation has identified pockets of petroleum contamination several of which are near the north end of the Yakutat Airport. Also, a number of federal agencies have offices and housing at the airport; many of which have individual drinking water wells. This site includes the Mystery Fumes spill reported on June 10, 2010.

2.2.4 ADEC FILE REVIEW

SLR staff also reviewed ADEC files from the Juneau office and the Anchorage office. The User provided a CD with documents available from the ADEC file in Juneau, Alaska. Seven sites were included on this CD and information gathered is summarized in Appendix C.

The files located in Anchorage are specific to FUDS related to the Former Yakutat Air Base, which are managed by the USACE. Based on the documents reviewed, SLR determined that five areas of concern (AOC) are located within the Site boundary; these areas are described in Appendix C and described briefly below. An additional six AOCs are located within a 1-mile radius of the Site boundary. According the USACE project manager, these sites have been assessed and are currently in the proposed plan stage.

ADEC USACE HAZARD AREA OF SITE NAME ID CONCERN NOTES

Northwest Airport 3123 E1 The Northwest Airport Drum Dump is located on the south side Drum Dump of the Rifle Range access road off the east side of Quartermaster Loop. Many barrels were found in a clearing and a drum removal action was conducted in 1999. The total estimated volume for all impacted soil and sediment at this AOC is 339 cubic yards (cy) (S&W, 2010).

Quartermaster Loop 3719 E2 The Quartermaster Loop Drum Dump has been described as an Drum Dumps old solid waste and drum dump covering an area of approximately 1.5 acres (S&W, 2012).

Air Corps Warehouse O Over 45 drums were found at a former warehouse site. Two Group No. 2 areas were investigated at this site. Soil impacted by arsenic exists in two hotspots to a depth of 2 feet below ground surface (bgs) over an area of 78 square feet at each hotspot (156 total square feet), impacting an estimated 14 cy (S&W, 2010).

Rifle Range 4377 RR Lead in the surface soil was the only contaminant of concern found at the Rifle Range. Contaminated soil was found between two berms on site, and extends to 2 feet bgs, and laterally over 2,702 square feet. The estimated volume of impacted soil is 460 cy (S&W, 2010).

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ADEC USACE HAZARD AREA OF SITE NAME ID CONCERN NOTES

Runway 20 Safety 4066 R20SA Sampling at this AOC has delineated a plume of petroleum- Area (R20SA) contaminated soil. Based on the most recent investigation at this AOC, it was determined that two different types of petroleum hydrocarbons were released. One type was determined to be released prior to 1977 and the other prior to 2000. The data from the supplemental remedial investigation did not confirm the source of contamination (S&W, 2012).

2.3 HISTORICAL RECORDS

Obvious uses of the Site have been identified from the present back to the first developed use or 1940, whichever was earlier. Historical data were reviewed in 5-year intervals, unless it was determined that the specific use appeared unchanged over a period longer than 5 years.

2.3.1 RECORDED LAND TITLE RECORDS

Three types of land title records were obtained during the records portion of this project. These records include:

• Current leaseholder information as presented on the ADOT&PF Yakutat Airport Land Occupancy Map dated October 6, 2011;

• Current and historical lease information provided to SLR by ADOT&PF; and,

• Title search conducted by First American Title Company in Juneau, Alaska. Detailed information obtained from these searches is provided in Appendix D and key findings described below.

The developed portion of the Yakutat Airport is divided into 19 blocks. All blocks at the Yakutat Airport are located in Township 28 South, Range 34 East, Copper River Meridian, Records of the Juneau Recording District, First Judicial District of the State of Alaska.

The United States of America was the original owner of the Site. In 1966, the United States of America conveyed the Yakutat Airport Lands to the State of Alaska with a few exceptions. The conveyance also included buildings, household effects, petroleum products and fuels, heavy equipment, and communications equipment. Since the initial conveyance, several releases have also been issued and at the current time, the United State of America only retains the following land within the boundary of the Site: Block 10, Lot 1; Block 14, Lot 1A and Lot 6; and Block 15, Lots 1 and 2. The remainder of the property that comprises the Site is owned by the State of Alaska as managed by ADOT&PF.

ADOT&PF leases individual lots to individuals and companies. The title search indicated that ADOT&PF maintains control of the land, but buildings constructed on the land may be owned by

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the individual lease holders. The range of land use at the Site includes: fueling operations, helicopter and aircraft providers, offices, lodging, dining, private residences, etc. ADOT&PF notes that lots in Block 40 cannot be leased for permanent living quarters. Current residents of Block 40 are allowed to live in their current homes (no new construction) with their agreement terminating upon death, or if no longer used as personal living quarters. Leases for residents cannot be assigned.

2.3.2 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS

Aerial photographs for the Site were reviewed from the present back to 1959. Limited historical aerial photography is readily available for this location, and the oldest historical photograph date is 1959. A total of nine aerial photographs were obtained for this project and are described in detail and provided in Appendix B. Key findings during the aerial photograph review include:

• Aircraft revetments were observed on the southern portion of the Site, southeast of Runway 2 and southwest of Runway 29. These revetments are typical of WWII-era airports.

• Aerial photographs from 1959 and 1971 indicated a cleared area with a few structures located on the northeast side of Yakutat Airport Road north of Block 12 and south of Block 40. A dark smoke cloud was visible on the 2005 photograph in this area. No structures are present in this location currently.

• A dark area was visible on the 1982 photograph on the apron area east of Block 2, Lot 3. The pattern observed was irregular in nature and appears to be some type of discharge originating from Block 2.

• In the 1983 photograph, only a single tank is visible in the tank farm on Block 2, Lot 2. A containment was not visible on this scale.

• Aerial photographs indicated that a number of the lots that are currently not developed have previously been developed. One such lot is Block 6, Lot 3 which in 1959 contained two small structures and two ASTs.

• Although a photograph showing Block 40 in 1963 was not obtained, it was noted during SLR’s review of photographs that in 1963, the Block 40 area was not developed.

2.3.3 CITY DIRECTORIES

The Site was not included in a city directory.

2.3.4 HISTORICAL FIRE INSURANCE MAPS

YEAR OCCUPANT OF SITE / ADJOINING PROPERTIES; HAZARDOUS MATERIAL STORAGE 2012 The Site is an unmapped property. No historical fire insurance maps exist for this area.

Source: EDR Alaska Representative

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2.3.5 HISTORICAL TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS

YEAR SCALE QUAD NAME OBSERVATIONS 1959 1:63,360 Yakutat B5 Shows the southwest portion of the airport. The south end of Runway 29 and the west end of Runway 2 are both visible. Standing water in the form of a small pond is seen on the northwestern side of Runway 2. The taxiways and revetments from WWII activity are visible. The Yakutat and Southern Railroad is visible on the north side of Runway 29. 1959 1:63,360 Yakutat C5 The lease tract area is shown on this map. Some structures are visible. The Yakutat and Southern Railroad is visible on the north side of Runway 29. Three oil wells are visible outside of the Site boundary to the northeast and east; two of the wells are just outside Site boundary. Wetlands are noted on the northeast side of the Site and beyond. 1987 1:25,000 Yakutat B5 NE Shows the southwest portion of the airport. The south end of Runway 29 and the west end of Runway 2 are both visible. Standing water is present on the northwest and southeast sides of Runway 2 and within the WWII revetments. The Yakutat and Southern Railroad is visible on the north side of Runway 29. The airport boundary is also shown on this map. 1987 1:25,000 Yakutat C5 SE The lease tract area is shown on this map. Block 40 can be seen on this map; buildings are present on Block 40 at this time. The Yakutat and Southern Railroad is visible on the north side of Runway 29. A foot trail is shown on the northeastern portion of the Site. Some named features are shown including radio towers, radio tower tank, and sewage disposal. A number of structures are visible in the main tract area. The airport boundary is also shown on this map. 1987 1:25,000 Yakutat C5 SW The very northwest portion of the Site is shown. The Yakutat and Southern Railroad is visible on the northeast corner of the map. The airport boundary is also shown on this map. 1996 1:63,360 Yakutat C5 The north and northeast portion of the Site are visible. The lease tracts can be seen on this map as can a number of structures. Some named features are show including communications towers, heliport, Geo Station, and VORTAC Station within the boundary of the Site. The airport boundary is visible as are two test wells just outside the boundary. The northeast portion of the site appears to be marshy based on the map. Small water bodies are shown that coincide with the aircraft revetments and former borrow locations.

Name of maps and source: EDR Historical Topographic Map Report.

2.3.6 OTHER HISTORICAL SOURCES

SLR conducted a search for ADEC Wastewater Discharge permits, authorization, and certification for Yakutat. A total of nine records were found for Yakutat; however, only two records were found that apply to the Site. These include:

• AKR06CD90 – Yakutat Airport: Multi-Sector General Permit Storm Water issued on May 27, 2009 and expires on September 29, 2013.

• AKR05CD11 – Alaska Airlines Yakutat: Multi-Sector General Permit Storm Water issued on May 22, 2009 and expires on September 29, 2013.

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3. SITE RECONNAISSANCE

3.1 PHYSICAL SETTING

PHYSICAL SETTING INFORMATION Topography The majority of the Site is located on flat terrain although there are some small hills and man-made embankments. Soil/Bedrock Data Yakutat is located on the Yakutat foreland, a gently sloping glacial outwash plain between the Saint Elias Mountains and the Gulf of Alaska. Repeated cycles of glacial advance and retreat deposited the moraine complex and outer border of the outwash that now comprise the Yakutat foreland. Eight dominant surficial deposits have been mapped in the Yakutat area, all of Holocene age. These include artificial fill, organic, eolian, beach, delta-estuarine, alluvial, outwash, and moraine deposits. Artificial fill is mostly presented under the airport runways and other areas that were extensively modified during construction (USACE, 2008). The structural geology of the local bedrock is somewhat complex with the Yakutat block being isolated at a transition margin. The Yakutat block is moving with the Pacific plate, colliding with, and subducting beneath, southern Alaska (USACE, 2008). Estimated Depth to Ground Depth to groundwater at the Site is unknown, but 15 wells were found to have been Water / Direction of drilled within a 1-mile radius of the Site according to the EDR Well Search Report. All Gradient of the wells drilled in the area had reported information. Total depths ranged from 9.7 to 26.6 feet bgs. Twelve of the wells specify they were completed in a Quaternary aquifer. Water levels were recorded in the majority of the wells ranging from -1.41 to 8.59 feet bgs. None of the wells were reported to be flowing. It is assumed that the depth to groundwater at the Site is shallow.

3.2 SITE AND SURROUNDING AREA RECONNAISSANCE

Two SLR geologists, Sara Sjostrom and Stephanie Heiges, traveled to the Site on May 22, 2012. The reconnaissance activities were conducted between May 23, 2012 and May 25, 2012. Reconnaissance at the Site and surrounding area was completed on foot and by vehicle, when necessary. The weather conditions at the time of the Site visit were overcast with light winds and the temperature was approximately 45 degrees Fahrenheit.

3.3 METHODOLOGY

Upon site arrival, the SLR geologists met with ADOT&PF representative Lynette Campbell. Ms. Campbell accompanied the field team on May 23, 2012. A walking inspection of the Site and interviews with property lessees was conducted. The field team took photos and documented site conditions by dividing the Site into sections using Block and Lot numbers. On May 24, 2012 site reconnaissance activities continued with additional help from Robert Lekanof, Jr., the Yakutat Airport Manager. Ms. Campbell and Mr. Lekanof provided access to restricted areas of the Yakutat Airport and introduced the field team to many of the property lessees for personal property and historical site information. The walking inspection was completed on May 25, 2012.

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3.4 RESTRICTIONS

RESTRICTION TYPE COMMENTS Weather-related Unmarked roads to remote portions of the airport property were blocked by snow, which restrictions: hampered the ability to access the areas and made a visual and walking reconnaissance of the entire Site impracticable. This included access to the FUDS Rifle Range site and vicinity. Fifty percent of Block 5, Lot 1 was heavily snow covered. The eastern extension of the lot was inaccessible because of a combination of deep snow and dense forest. Block 5, Lot 2, Situk Leasing, was partially covered with snow. Based on the typical use and condition of the surrounding lot, metal debris or miscellaneous building supplies may have been unseen because of the snow. Facility access restrictions: The property surrounding the developed airport property was heavily vegetated and the possible presence of bears made a walking reconnaissance of the entire Site impracticable. As for the more developed airport property divided into block/lot descriptions, Block 5, Lot 1 and Block 19, Lot 1 were the only areas inaccessible for these reasons. Upon site reconnaissance, SLR was informed that although some of the lots are on what seem like airport property, they are in fact owned and operated by the federal government. These areas are as follows: • Block 10, Lot 1 • Block 14, Lots 1A and 6 • Block 15, Lots 1 and 2 Client-related restrictions: Some of the building operators/property lessees were unavailable during the site visit and thus, these properties were inspected externally only. The impacted lots include: • Block 2, Lot 2: Delta Western • Block 3, Lots 1A and 1B: Yakutat Lodge housing • Block 4, Lot 1: Ed Dierick • Block 21, Lot 2: National Weather Service (NWS) • Block 21, Lot 3: U.S. Coast Guard • Block 22, Lot 4: Gary Gray • Block 40, Lots 4, 7, and 10: Private residences

3.5 GENERAL SITE AND AREA DESCRIPTION

The Site is a state-owned public-use airport located southeast of the main city of Yakutat in southeast Alaska. It is located approximately three miles from the City of Yakutat in Township 28 South, Range 34 East, Copper River Meridian, Records of the Juneau Recording District, First Judicial District of the State of Alaska. The Site is owned by ADOT&PF and the more developed portions of the airport are divided into blocks and lots. A few blocks and lots within the Site boundary have not been released to the State of Alaska by the U.S. government and remain federal property. These properties, which are excluded from the Site, include: Block 10, Lot 1; Block 14, Lots 1A and 6; and Block 15, Lots 1 and 2. The majority of the Site is utilized as an active airport although there are also lodging facilities, offices, vehicle maintenance and leasing facilities, residential housing, a restaurant/lounge, and other facilities.

The Site origins date back to 1940 when the Yakutat Army Airfield was constructed as part of the United States Army’s long-range defense program for Alaska during World War II (WWII). The airfield served as a ferrying field and refueling stop during the war. The airbase was placed

Yakutat Airport Phase I ESA_D.docx June 2012 3-2 on caretaker status in April 1944, declared surplus in December 1945, and ceased operations in 1946. Land not designed as part of the Tongass National Forest was placed in federal land holding for the Civil Aeronautics Administration (now known as the FAA). By 1948, all property used by the military had been declared surplus and today, none of the former military land is owned or controlled by the Department of Defense (USACE, 2008).

The locations of key Site features (ASTs, wells, transformers, floor drains or sumps, building, etc.) are shown on Figures 3 through 6.

INFORMATION FINDING Estimated percent of Site location Less than 5% of the Site is covered by buildings and/or pavement. covered by buildings and/or pavement: The majority of the developed portions of the Site are covered with gravel. Observed evidence of past Site use(s): The Site has been used as an airport since approximately 1940 when the Yakutat Army Airfield was constructed as part of the United States Army’s long-range defense program for Alaska. Most of the land was transferred to ADOT&PF, who administer leases for the various blocks and lots within the boundary of the airport. Currently and historically these lots have consisted of mixed use including, but not limited to: flight services, fueling services, lodging, offices, and private residences. Sewage disposal method (and age): There is a sewage lagoon located on Block 21, Lot 1. The lagoon used to service the entire airport but currently only supports a limited number of facilities. Excepting facilities located on Block 14, Lot 5 and Block 16, Lots 1 and 3, which are connected to the City sewer system, the other individual facilities have septic systems. Source of potable water: Most of the developed lots on the Site have groundwater wells, which are used as a source of drinking water or gray water; groundwater in the area has been noted to be shallow. Some offices/facilities have treatment systems ranging from simple to complex. Persons interviewed also indicated that the following sources of drinking water were also utilized at the Site: • Collected rain water • Purchased from another source (many people indicated that they won’t drink the groundwater obtained from wells immediately surrounding the airport) • Connection to the city water system • Wells located within the Site boundary, observed during the Site reconnaissance, are shown on Figures 3A through 3D. Electric utility: Electricity to the Site is provided by Yakutat Power. The majority of the power lines are aboveground. Some utility poles were noted to have transformers during the site reconnaissance (see Figure 5). Other: The majority of the facilities located at the Site have ASTs containing diesel fuel #1 or diesel fuel #2. The locations of ASTs observed during the Site reconnaissance are presented on Figures 3 through 6.

3.6 EXTERIOR OBSERVATIONS

Observations from SLR’s site reconnaissance follow, focusing on areas of potential environmental concern. A site photographs log and contact prints are provided in Appendix A and provide additional information regarding the observations presented in this section.

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OBSERVATION DESCRIPTION Roads or paths with no apparent Unable to determine if any roads or paths with no apparent outlet are outlet observed on the Site: present on the Site. There are quite a few roads and unimproved access roads on the Site, but several were blocked by snow or otherwise not accessible. Onsite pits, ponds, or lagoons: The following onsite pits, ponds, or lagoons were observed: • Sewage lagoon located on Block 21, Lot 1. The Lagoon is within a raised gravel pad. • On the southeast side of the hangar located on Block 4, Lot 1, a stream is flowing. • Southeast of the garage/shop located on Block 40, Lot 7 is an area of ponded water. • On the west side of the access road through Block 40, a drainage culvert has flowing water. • Stream flowing to the west of Block 5, Lot 1 and Block 6, Lots 1-3 before Block 21 and 22. • There is ponded water southwest of shop building located on Block 5, Lot 2. This water used to be a flowing drainage stream until overburden from the current shop footprint was piled south of its current location. This disturbance now results in flooding in the area southwest of the current shop building as observed during the site reconnaissance. A sheen was observed on the surface of this ponded water. • Ponded water in various locations; these consisted mostly of drainage ditches, but some more wetland-type ponds were also present. • Block 12, Lots 5-7: A lined berm surrounds a capped contaminated soil pad. Water is ponded on top of the liner between the containment berm and the pad. • Block 18, Lot 3: A ditch on the north side of the lot before the airport access fence has standing water in it.

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OBSERVATION DESCRIPTION Stained soil or pavement: Stained soil was observed in several locations including: • Soil staining beneath heating oil AST(s): − Block 2, Lot 4A, outside south face of lodge − Block 3, Lot 1A, most westerly lodge has AST against east side of building − Block 3, Lot 1A, south of lodge building − Block 3, Lot 1B, one tank between two most easterly cabins and one between the two most westerly − Block 22, Lot 5, south of the hangar − Block 40, Lot 7, east side of the garage/shop building • Stained concrete flooring was noted inside the following buildings: − Snow Removal Equipment Building (SREB) − WWII Hangar on Block 1, Parcel A − Alsek Air on Block 1, Lot 1A − Fueling building Block 2, Lot 2 on inside of access fence − Yakutat Coastal Airlines Block 2, Lot 3 − Alaska Airlines Terminal Building Block 2, Lot 5 − Storage room/lodge on Block 3, Lot 1B − NPS Building on Block 4, Lot 2 − Situk Leasing Shop on Block 5, Lot 2 − NOAA Shop on Block 17, Lot 2 − Kip Fanning’s Hangar on Block 22, Lot 5 Stressed vegetation: None observed. However it should be noted that at the time of the site reconnaissance the snow pack was still receding and vegetation had not started to green yet. Onsite solid waste disposal: There is no onsite solid waste disposal. Solid waste is disposed of at the city landfill. Each property is responsible for its own solid waste disposal. Wastewater: On an airport-wide basis, wastewater is disposed of via the sewage lagoon on Block 21, Lot 1 or into one of the existing septic systems. Stormwater: For the majority of the properties on the Site, stormwater discharge is via offsite drainage. Within the fenced portion of the airport, a Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is in effect and stormwater is directed into drainage ditches. The Alaska Airlines facility, located on Block 2, Lot 5, has an oil/water separator. The ADOT&PF facilities also have oil/water separators, although these are used for inside drainage as opposed to stormwater. Wells: A total of 18 wells were noted by SLR during the Site reconnaissance. Wells were located at the following locations as shown on Figures 3 through 6. • SREB Building • Block 1, Lot 1A • Block 2, Lot 1B • Block 4, Lots 3 and 4 • Block 5, Lot 2 • Block 15, Lots 1 and 2 • Block 16, Lot 3 • Block 40, Lots 1A, 4 and 10

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OBSERVATION DESCRIPTION Septic systems: Every developed property, except those connected to the lagoon or city water and sewer, has a septic system. Other: For properties without waste oil burners, waste oil and used batteries are disposed of at the city dump. Block and lot specific exterior observations: • Block 1, Lot 2A – gravel pad, grassy vegetation with small trees, and miscellaneous scattered metal debris • Block 1, Lot 3A – vacant building on mostly gravel lot • Block 2, Lot 1A – contained broken down vehicles • Block 5, Lot 1 – grassy lot, tree stand along stream, heavily forested as lot curves to the east • Block 5, Lot 2 – contained broken down vehicles • Block 6, Lot 1 – grassy lot, tree stand along stream • Block 6, Lots 2 and 3 – disturbed gravel pad, scattered debris, tree stand along stream • Block 19, Lot 1 – gravel pad, grassy vegetation • Block 11 – gravel pad, grassy vegetation • Block 12 – contaminated soil stockpile • Block 13 – contaminated soil stockpile • Block 15, Lot 3 – concrete building footprint covers approximately 60 percent of the gravel pad • Block 15, Lots 4 and 5 – stockpiles (rock, gravel, sand) • Block 18, Lots 1 through 3 – grassy vegetation, gravel stockpile on Lot 3 • Block 19, Lot 1 – vacant, heavily wooded • Block 22, Lot 6 – gravel pad, grassy vegetation, small stand of trees

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3.7 INTERIOR OBSERVATIONS

As part of the Site reconnaissance, SLR assessed the interior of buildings as feasible. Buildings where interior observations were made are described below.

BUILDING BLOCK LOT DESCRIPTION SREB This building is divided into 3 main rooms. The room furthest east is used for storage. Within this room are a large gravel stockpile, 2 trucks, and a machine used to seal cracks in asphalt. The concrete floor in this room is heavily stained. The next room to the west is a maintenance bay. The urea used to de-ice planes is stored in the southeast corner of this room. There is a strip drain that runs north to south through the middle of this room; this drain leads to the septic system. The concrete floor in this room is moderately stained. There is a room within this room that holds all of the flammable materials stored for typical vehicle maintenance. This middle room also has a second level. The boiler and generator are on the second floor. The third and largest room within this building stores the equipment used for main ADOT&PF operations. There is a strip drain running from east to west in this room. The oil/water separator is below the concrete floor of this room. There is a well stick up on the north inside wall of this room. The concrete floor of this room was stained in the vicinity of the waste oil burner. There are other miscellaneous items stored in this room including sand, urea, road salt, and a waste oil burner. Situk River Fly 1 Parcel This structure was historically an old World War II hanger. In the Shop A southeast corner of the hangar is the Situk River Fly Shop. This area of the hangar has been remodeled and is currently a fishing supplies/gear store. There is office space located above the Fly Shop that has been remodeled as well. The existing siding within most of the hangar contains non-friable asbestos. The main hangar serves as storage for planes, boats, ATVs, outdoor gear, building supplies, trucks, and typical miscellaneous shop maintenance/repair tools and chemicals. The concrete floor of the main hangar is heavily stained. There is soil exposed in the cracks between the slabs of the floor. This soil appears to be stained as well. There are two drains that are not currently active but were historically located on the east and west portions of the hangar. Along the east face of the hangar is also an old strip drain that runs the length of the room from north to south. There is another room off of the north side of the main hangar room that is in poor condition. The siding is falling apart and the paint on the ceiling and walls is peeling. This room serves as vehicle storage. Above this room is another room in poor condition. The roof and siding are falling apart and the paint is flaking off the walls. Alsek Air 1 1A Building used as an airplane storage and maintenance hangar. Light staining on concrete floor. No current floor drains within hangar. Lessee reports that historically floor drains were covered with existing concrete floor before their occupation. Yakutat Coastal 2 3 A vehicle repair/maintenance shop stores typical household quantities of Airlines chemicals used for vehicle repair/maintenance. Concrete floor within shop is moderately stained.

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BUILDING BLOCK LOT DESCRIPTION Alaska Airlines 2 5 The southern part of this building is used for storage and maintenance. Terminal The water tanks are stored against the inside east wall of this room. The water is tested quarterly for naturally occurring arsenic. There is a strip drain in this room that drains into an oil/water separator below the concrete. This room was extended in 2000 and the concrete joint in the floor is obvious. There is a cold storage walk-in unit in this room. Used oil drums are stored in this room until they are disposed of at the city dump. The concrete floor in this room is lightly stained. Yakutat Lodge 3 1B Large building on northeast corner of lot is a storage room below lodging. Within the storage room is a washer and dryer, tools, gasoline cans, and other typical household maintenance items. The concrete floor in the shop area is heavily stained. NPS 4 2 There are several rooms within this NPS building. A small room inside the south entrance houses a boiler, a water heater, and the piping for the water; a floor drain was also observed in this room. A hallway divides the southern portion of the lower level and a bathroom is also located here. East of the hallway is a typical residential kitchen and bedroom. On the west half of the hallway is a storage room. The storage room contains the generator for the fire suppression system, a 125-gallon fuel tank for the generator, tools, and a flammable cabinet with typical household quantities of repair and maintenance materials. There is also a floor drain in this room. The northern portion of the building is the main hangar. There are two floor drains in the main hangar room. The concrete floor of the hangar is slightly, to moderately, stained. This room currently stores a boat, an ATV, building materials, an empty propane tank, an old 55­ gallon drum, and other typical hangar tools and materials. The upstairs is used for miscellaneous gear storage. Aircraft Rescue 4 3 Within the main room of the ARFF are 2 rescue fire trucks, 1 water Firefighting rescue trailer, and an additional vehicle. Fire fighting chemicals are Facility (ARFF) stored in this room as well. There are 3 strip drains that run north and south on the concrete floor within the main room of the building. The waste from these drains goes through an oil/water separator on site. The concrete floor in the main room is moderately stained. A room off of the main room to the southwest houses the power and backup generator for the runway lights. A small office room occupies the northeast corner of the building. Transportation 4 4 This building is used for office space. Most of the building is newly Security renovated and vacant. Administration (TSA) and NWS Office Space Situk Leasing 5 2 This building is an auto repair shop. The concrete floor is heavily stained. Several 55-gallon drums of waste oil stored on site. This waste oil and batteries are taken to the Yakutat City Dump for disposal. Alaska 16 3 This building is used as a residence. Interior observations included a brief Department of tour of a typical kitchen and living room for a residence. The interior has Fish and Game been remodeled. The house has forced air heating as well as a wood stove. There is a crawl space beneath the house that was not directly observed. The houses adjacent to this one, located to the west on Block 14, Lot 5 and Block 16, Lot 1, are reported to be very similar. The interior of these other two buildings were not observed. The Block 14, Lot 5 house is a NPS residence and the Block 16, Lot 1 house is used as an office by Fish & Game.

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BUILDING BLOCK LOT DESCRIPTION NOAA Shop 17 2 This building appears to be used as a shop. The property owner was not available for interview. An opening in the main sliding garage doors allowed for an interior assessment. There are work shelves, tool boxes, and typical shop equipment inside this building. A riding lawn mower, a compressor, a small generator and a flameproof cabinet are also located inside. The flameproof cabinet contained typical household quantities of materials typically used in a shop for repair and maintenance. Three 5­ gallon gasoline jugs were stored under the shop work benches. The concrete floor was heavily stained. A staircase leading to another level was blocked off by equipment and was not assessed.

Kip Fanning’s 22 5 The hangar building is used for storage and vehicle repair/maintenance. Hangar Within the hangar a strip drain runs east to west the length of the main hangar room. Some of the items stored within the main hangar room are building materials, metal debris, motors, machinery, ATVs, planes, a truck, a boat, and snow machines. There are two smaller side rooms to the east and west of the main hangar room. These rooms are in poor condition. Mold was noted on the walls of these rooms. These side rooms also serve as miscellaneous storage areas. The concrete floors in all of these rooms are heavily stained.

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3.8 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

SLR made the following visual and/or physical observations during site reconnaissance and/or identified the presence of the following during the interview or records review portions of the assessment. The locations of ASTs are shown on Figures 3 through 6.

OBSERVATION DESCRIPTION Hazardous substances and The following hazardous substances and petroleum products were noted at petroleum products on site during the Site: Site visit: • 51 ASTs, containing: • Wood preservatives − Heating Oil • High gloss enamel spray paints − Gasoline • Acetone − Diesel fuel • Engine oil − Aviation fuel • Insulating foam sealant − #2 fuel • Aqueous fire fighting foam • 2 Battery storage areas (AFFF) • • 34 Drums Purple K • − Gas Old power transformers • − Waste oil Shop and household cleaning supplies • 1 UST/AST • Urea deicing tanks and • Propane tanks urea/sand storage piles • De-icer (ethylene glycol) tanks • Compressed helium • Gasoline cans • Aluminum cleaner

These substances were located at the following locations on the Site:

• SREB • Block 12 Lot 2 • Block 1 Parcel A and Lot 1A • Block 14 Lots 3 through 6 • Block 2 Lots 2, 3, 4A, and 5 • Block 15 Lot 3 • Block 3 Lots 1A and 1B • Block 17 Lot 2 • Block 4 Lots 1 through 4 • Block 21 Lot 2 • Block 5 Lot 2 • Block 22 Lots 4 and 5 • Block10 Lot 8 • Block 40 Lots 1A, 4, 7, and 10 Hazardous substances historically Same as listed above, plus: stored on site: • Agent Orange • Miscellaneous petroleum products • Tactical gas • Tar • Chevron 325 solvent

Yakutat Airport Phase I ESA_D.docx June 2012 3-10 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS (CONTINUED)

OBSERVATION DESCRIPTION Strong, pungent, or noxious odors: Block 17, Lot 2: A small shed northeast of a bigger shop building (NOAA) is a small storage shed housing one 55-gallon oil drum, two unmarked 55­ gallon drums, and other miscellaneous mechanical fluids. Fuel odors were strong in this shed. East of Block 22, Lot 5 and west of Block 6, Lot 3: In this undefined lot is a former fuel transfer building. Within the old building are the former gas pumps. There are strong fuel odors within this building. Block 22, Lot 5: Fuel odor present in strip drain within hangar building. Pools of liquid: None identified.

Unidentified substance containers: Some of the drums located at the Site were not labeled and thus, their contents unknown. PCB-containing equipment: The following equipment, that may contain PCBs, was observed during the site reconnaissance: • Transformers (on utility poles) Other: Cold storage in Block 2, Lot 5 building cooled by 404-Alpha and R-22. Walk-in freezer on Block 2, Lot 4A cooled by unspecified Freon chemical. Several (~20) helium tanks are stored on a trailer on the south side of the NWS building on Block 21, Lot 2. South of the hangar on Block 22, Lot 5, two leaking batteries were found among a large area of miscellaneous debris.

3.9 UNDERGROUND STORAGE TANKS/STRUCTURES

UST/STRUCTURE OBSERVATIONS Existing USTs: One UST/AST exists on Site at Block 40, Lot 1A. An aboveground storage shed sits over it. Former USTs: None identified during Site reconnaissance. Other Underground Structures: Other identified underground structures observed during the site reconnaissance include: • Two oil/water separator drains at the SREB • A sewage line beginning on Block 2, Lot 4A • A sewer line break dig out on Block 2, Lot 2 • An oil/water separator drain and outfall on Block 2, Lot 5 • Three steel pipes are coming out of the ground on the east side of the building on Block 14, Lot 5. All three pipes are old and rusty and one could be lifted up manually. Fuel odors were detected coming out of the pipe in the middle. • An unknown steel pipe is sticking up about 12 feet out of the ground approximately 75 feet south of the NOAA shop building on Block 17, Lot 1.

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3.10 ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS

AST OBSERVATIONS Existing ASTs: 17 heating oil ASTs were observed on the Site. They were located on: • SREB • Block 1, Lot 1A (3 tanks) • Block 2, Lot 3 • Block 2, Lot 4A • Block 2, Lot 5 • Block 3, Lot 1A (2 tanks) • Block 3, Lot 1B (4 tanks) • Block 4, Lots 1-4 (1 tank on each lot) • Block 5, Lot 2 • Block 10, Lot 8 • Block 14, Lots 5 and 6 • Block 16, Lot 3 • Block 17, Lot 1 • Block 22, Lots 4 and 5 • Block 40, Lot 7 (2 tanks) • Block 40, Lot 4 • Block 40, Lot 10 • Block 40, Lot 1A (2 tanks) 9 non-heating oil-containing ASTs were located on Site. These tanks contain gasoline, propane, diesel fuel, and/or aviation fuel. These were located on: • SREB − 1 – 1,000 gallon gasoline tank − 1 – 3,000 gallon diesel tank • Block 40, Lot 7 (gasoline) • Block 2, Lot 4A (propane) • Block 2, Lot 5 (portable gas/diesel tank trailer) • Block 4, Lot 2 (propane) • Block 5, Lot 2 (gasoline) • Block 2, Lot 2 − 1 – 9,000 gallon tank of Jet-A fuel − 1 – 9,000 gallon tank of AV gas − 1 – 25,000 gallon tank of diesel

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AST OBSERVATIONS Former ASTs: Out of service ASTs observed during the Site reconnaissance include: • Block 3, Lot 1A • Block 1, Lot 1B (gasoline) • Block 16, Lot 3 • Block 17, Lot 1 • Block 2, Lot 2 (2 tanks) • Block 5, Lot 2 (2 tanks) • Block 40, Lot 7 • Block 22, Lot 5 (3 or more) • Block 22, Lot 4 In an undefined lot north of Former Fuel Transfer Building which is east of Block 22, Lot 3 and west of Block 6, Lot 3 Other Aboveground Structures: There is 1,000 gallon water tank on the south side of the SREB. There is a water tank used for a fire suppression system in on Block 4, Lot 2 on the north side of the building before Lot 3.

3.11 ADJOINING PROPERTIES

3.11.1 CURRENT USES OF ADJOINING PROPERTIES

North: There are remnants of the old Yakutat and Southern Railroad, and some ADOT&PF stockpiles on the land immediately north of the airport. However, most of the land to the north is undeveloped and heavily forested. East: The land east of the Site is vacant and undeveloped. South: The land immediately south of the airport is heavily forested. Further to the south beyond this forested area is the Gulf of Alaska. West: There is minimal development on the land immediately west of the airport. Most of this land in undeveloped and heavily forested.

3.11.2 OBSERVED EVIDENCE OF PAST USES OF ADJOINING PROPERTIES

North: Same as current usage. East: Same as current usage. South: Same as current usage. West: Same as current usage. Land to the west of the Site was also used during WWII. A number of FUDS sites are located in this area (see Figure 2).

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3.11.3 PITS, PONDS, OR LAGOONS ON ADJOINING PROPERTIES

North: None observed. East: None observed. South: None observed. West: None observed.

3.12 OBSERVED PHYSICAL SETTING

OBSERVED PHYSICAL SETTING Topography of the Site The majority of the Site is located on flat terrain although there are some small hills locations and surrounding and man-made embankments. area:

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4. INTERVIEWS

This section of the report presents findings from the 14 interviews conducted as part of this Phase I ESA. The interviews are provided in subsequent sections.

4.1 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH CAREY COSSABOOM

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Carey Cossaboom USACE Project Manager for Yakutat Air Base (907) 753-2689

In this interview, we did not discuss how long he has been familiar with the Site. Years Familiar with Site The interview with Mr. Cossaboom was focused on his knowledge of FUDS sites within the airport boundary and in close proximity to the airport. General Status of FUDS: The feasibility study is complete. The supplemental remedial investigation report was submitted in February 2012 and accepted by ADEC. A proposed plan is currently being developed. FUDS Sites within the Site Mr. Cossaboom indicated that there were FUDS sites that are clearly within the Boundary: boundary of the Yakutat Airport. These sites include: • WWII Hangar on Lot 1 Parcel A – USACE does not consider this building to be FUDS-eligible since it has been beneficially reused by so many other entities. • Runway 20 Safety Area – a WWII gas station where a diesel fuel was spilled. Site is listed in ADEC CSD and is being addressed by USACE. • Rifle Range – was used as historical skeet range. The rifle range is located near the end of the runway towards town within the fenced area of the airport. There are two berms associated with the rifle range that have lead- contaminated soil. These berms are planned for remediation and may be within the airport boundary. FUDS Sites in close proximity to Mr. Cossaboom indicated that following FUDS sites were in located within a 1­ the Site: mile radius of the Site: • Concern E1 (Northwest Drum Dump) – located in the field outside the fence with minor contamination. A ditch at this site contains pentachlorophenol. • Concern M2 (Post Powerhouse) – location of old Quonset Huts and fuel tank stands. Contamination located under the Forest Service Shop. • Concern K (Solid Waste Disposal Dump) – old dump location. Other: Mr. Cossaboom indicated that he had been told that residents living close the WWII hangar had expressed concerns about the quality of the groundwater. Mr. Cossaboom recommended SLR contact Rhonda Coston, who is a Restoration Advisory Board (RAB) member for the Yakutat Air Base site and a local resident. Mr. Cossaboom provided SLR with copies of the Final Report: Feasibility Study Former Yakutat Air Force Base Yakutat, Alaska (Shannon & Wilson, Inc., 2010) and Volume I 2010 Supplemental Remedial Investigation Former Yakutat Air Force Base, Yakutat, Alaska (Shannon & Wilson, Inc., 2012).

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4.2 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH RHONDA COSTON

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Rhonda Coston, State of Alaska Department of Fish & Game Employee, RAB member for the Yakutat Air Base site, and resident. Years Familiar with Site In this interview, we did not discuss how long she has been familiar with the Site. The interview with Ms. Coston was focused on her knowledge of concerns regarding groundwater in and around the airport. Residences at or near the Airport: The State of Alaska, Department of Fish & Game; National Park Service, and US Forest Service (USFS) all have residential housing units at or near the airport. Groundwater: Residents, both seasonal and permanent, utilize shallow wells or rainwater for drinking water. Ms. Coston indicated that the State of Alaska, Department of Fish & Game and USFS have put in new wells and treatment systems for their offices, but the systems are most likely ultraviolet which only address bacteria. There have been concerns for some time about groundwater at the airport because of the spills, presence of an old gas station, and cleanups that have occurred. According to Ms. Coston, the drinking water has not been tested in a long time, but she recalls that low levels of benzene and toluene have been historically detected. Current or Past Hazardous / Ms. Coston indicated that the following substances are present or have been Petroleum Material Use, Storage, detected at or near the airport: Disposal: • gasoline, diesel, avgas, and related contaminants; • benzene; • toluene; • lead; • DDT; • asbestos; and • telephone pole coating materials. Other Environmental Information Ms. Coston indicated that there is a pile of contaminated dirt covered with tarp (Permits, etc.): with tires piled on top of it near the end of Runway 29 closest to town (northwest end).

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4.3 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT LEKANOF, JR., AIRPORT MANAGER, ADOT &PF SNOW REMOVAL EQUIPMENT BUILDING

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Robert Lekanof, Jr. Airport Manager (907) 784-3476 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with the SREB for 15 years. Current Use of Site: The SREB is currently used as a maintenance facility for snow removal and equipment storage. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current since the building was constructed 9 years ago. Current Use of Surrounding The surrounding properties are used for equipment storage and maintenance Properties: facilities. Past Use(s) of Surrounding None. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / Oils and fuel for equipment are stored at the SREB. Petroleum Material Use, Storage, Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Lekanof, Jr. was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at the Action(s): SREB. Past Releases of Mr. Lekanof, Jr. was unaware of any past releases at the SREB. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information None (Permits, etc.):

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4.4 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT D. MILLER, OWNER/MANAGER, BLOCK 1, PARCEL A

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Robert D. Miller, Owner/Manager WWII Hanger, Fly Shop Owner (907) 784-3087 Years Familiar with Site Years familiar with Block 1, Parcel A was unspecified. Current Use of Site: Block 1, Parcel A is currently used for offices, retail shops, and hanger storage. Past Use(s) of Site: Previously, Block 1, Parcel A has been used for offices, aircraft maintenance, storage theater, NWS, and FAA. Current Use of Surrounding The surrounding properties are used for parking. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding In the past, the surrounding properties have been used for parking and aircraft Properties: fueling. Current or Past Hazardous / There have been fuel spills and oil drips at Block 1, Parcel A. Used oil is Petroleum Material Use, Storage, disposed of at the city recycle facility, but waste fuel is retained in sealed Disposal: containers on Block 1, Parcel A. Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Miller was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 1, Action(s): Parcel .A Past Releases of Mr. Miller was unaware of any past releases at Block 1, Parcel A. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information Mr. Miller also made the following statements: (Permits, etc.): There is a United States Environmental Protection Agency no-exposure storm water permit.

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4.5 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH DEBRA HARTLEY, SECRETARY/TRESURER, ALSEK AIR SERVICE, BLOCK 1, LOT 1A

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Debra Hartley, Secretary/Treasurer Alsek Air Service (907) 784-3231 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 1, Lot 1A for 11 years. Current Use of Site: The current use of Block 1, Lot 1A is as an aircraft hangar, maintenance and storage facility. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding The surrounding properties are used for general airport use. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / Materials used on Block 1, Lot 1A are contained in barrels and disposed of by Petroleum Material Use, Storage, way of the dump. Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Ms. Hartley was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 1, Lot Action(s): 1A. Past Releases of Ms. Hartley was unaware of any past releases at Block 1, Lot 1A. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information Block 1, Lot 1A holds a SWPP permit. (Permits, etc.):

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4.6 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH LEO AND TRACY TEJEDA, OWNER/OPERATORS, BLOCK 2, LOT 1A

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Tracy and Leo Tejeda, Owner/Operators Leo’s Vehicles, LLC (907) 784-3909 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 2, Lot 1A for more than 4 years. Current Use of Site: Block 2, Lot 1A is currently operated as a rental vehicle office and lot. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding Block 2, Lot 1A is surrounded by properties being used as a Delta Western fuel Properties: station and a few air taxi services. Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / Mr. and Mrs. Tejeda were unaware of any current or past hazardous/petroleum Petroleum Material Use, Storage, material use, storage, or disposal at Block 2, Lot 1A. Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. and Mrs. Tejeda were unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Action(s): Block 2, Lot 1A. Past Releases of Mr. and Mrs. Tejeda were unaware of any past releases at Block 2, Lot 1A. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information None. (Permits, etc.):

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4.7 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH HANS MUNICH, OWNER, YAKUTAT COASTAL AIRLINES, BLOCK 2, LOT 3

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Hans Munich, Owner Yakutat Coastal Airlines (907) 784-3831 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 2, Lot 3 for 6 years. Current Use of Site: Block 2, Lot 3 is currently used for Air Taxi purposes. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding The surrounding properties are used by other airport lessees. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / Heating fuel, aviation fuel, and aviation oil are present on Block 2, Lot 3. Petroleum Material Use, Storage, Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Munich was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 2, Lot Action(s): 3. Past Releases of Mr. Munich was unaware of any past releases at Block 2, Lot 3. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information None. (Permits, etc.):

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4.8 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH KENNETH FANNING, OWNER, YAKUTAT LODGE, BLOCK 2, LOT 4A AND BLOCK 3, LOT 1A

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Kenneth Fanning, Owner Yakutat Lodge (907) 784-3232 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 2, Lot 4A and Block 3, Lot 1A since 1974. Current Use of Site: Block 2, Lot 4A and Block 3, Lot 1A are used as a lodge and restaurant. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding Surrounding properties include the Alaska Airlines Terminal and Delta Western. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / A fuel tank for heating fuel is stored on Block 2, Lot 4A, as well as propane Petroleum Material Use, Storage, canisters available in the gift shop. Batteries and gas cans are stored on Block 3, Disposal: Lot 1A; Mr. Fanning noted that these items were disposed of at the landfill as appropriate. Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Fanning was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 2, Action(s): Lot 4A and Block 3, Lot 1A Past Releases of There have been minor drips or leaks of heating oil while filling tanks in the past. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials These spills have all been less than 1-gallon. on the Property: Other Environmental Information None. (Permits, etc.):

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4.9 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH RYAN BAKER, STATION MANAGER, ALASKA AIRLINES, BLOCK 2, LOT 5

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Ryan Baker, Station Manager Alaska Airlines (907) 784-3367 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 2, Lot 5 for 6 years. Current Use of Site: Block 2, Lot 5 is used for aviation operations. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding Block 2, Lot 5 is surrounded by the airport. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / Fuel and glycol are stored on Block 2, Lot 5. Petroleum Material Use, Storage, Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Baker was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 2, Lot Action(s): 5. Past Releases of A 1-gallon spill of fuel from an old tank occurred on Block 2, Lot 5. The tank was Hazardous/Petroleum Materials emptied after this occurrence. on the Property: Other Environmental Information Mr. Baker also mentioned there is a local SWPPP program. (Permits, etc.):

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4.10 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH SKIP JOHNSON, CONTRACTED HANGER WATCH, BLOCK 4, LOT 2

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Skip Johnson, Contracted Hanger Watch Yakutat Heating Company (907) 784-3337 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 4, Lot 2 since October 2011. Current Use of Site: Block 4, Lot 2 is used for aircraft and aircraft staging equipment use. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding Block 4, Lot 2 is surrounded by ADOT&PF properties and aircraft hangers. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / Block 4, Lot 2 has a fuel oil hydronic boiler system for heat with 350-gallon Petroleum Material Use, Storage, above ground outside fuel supply and 50-gallon fuel storage tank for emergency Disposal: fire protection system. Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Johnson was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 4, Action(s): Lot 2. Past Releases of Mr. Johnson was unaware of any past releases at Block 4, Lot 2. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information Mr. Johnson also noted the following in regards to Block 4, Lot 2. (Permits, etc.): Block 4, Lot 2 has construction plans with the state airport leasing office in Juneau.

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4.11 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH ROBERT LEKANOF, JR., AIRPORT MANAGER, ARFF BUILDING, BLOCK 4, LOT 3

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Robert Lekanof, Jr., Airport Manager ARFF Building (907) 784-3476 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 4, Lot 5 for 15 years. Current Use of Site: Block 4, Lot 5 is used an ADOT&PF ARFF. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding The property north of Block 4, Lot 5 is a NOAA/TSA lease. The property to the Properties: south is a park service lease. Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / AFFF and Purple K firefighting agents are kept on Block 4, Lot 5. Petroleum Material Use, Storage, Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Lekanof, Jr. was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block Action(s): 4, Lot 5. Past Releases of Mr. Lekanof, Jr. was unaware of any past releases at Block 4, Lot 5. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information There is a SWPPP program associated with Block 4, Lot 5. (Permits, etc.):

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4.12 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH CHRISTIAN WERNER, MANAGING PARTNER, YAKUTAT LAND, LLC, TSA/NOAA, BLOCK 4, LOT 4

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Christian Werner, Managing Partner Yakutat Land, LLC (415) 566-3152 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 4, Lot 4 for 5 years. Current Use of Site: Block 4, Lot 4 is used for heating and water systems, which are all working and checked regularly. Past Use(s) of Site: Block 4, Lot 4 has previously been used as office space. Current Use of Surrounding Surrounding properties are used as airport runways and support buildings. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Same as current. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / A 1,000-gallon concrete double walled tank with no reported leaks, located on Petroleum Material Use, Storage, Block 4, Lot 4, is managed by Delta Western. Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Werner was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 4, Lot Action(s): 4. Past Releases of Mr. Werner was unaware of any past releases at Block 4, Lot 4. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information None. (Permits, etc.):

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4.13 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH KIP FANNING, MANAGER, BLOCK 5, LOT 2

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Kip Fanning, Manager Situk Leasing (907) 784-3316 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 5, Lot 2 for 10 years. Current Use of Site: The current use of Block 5, Lot 2 is vehicle rental. Past Use(s) of Site: Same as current. Current Use of Surrounding The surrounding properties are used as a state maintenance facility Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Mr. Fanning was unaware of any past uses of the properties surrounding Block Properties: 5, Lot 2. Current or Past Hazardous / Gasoline and diesel storage tanks are located on Block 5, Lot 2. Petroleum Material Use, Storage, Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Fanning was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 5, Action(s): Lot 2. Past Releases of Many 55-gallon drums were previously stored on Block 5, Lot 2. These have all Hazardous/Petroleum Materials been removed, but some of them were broken. on the Property: Other Environmental Information None. (Permits, etc.):

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4.14 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW KIP FANNING, LESSEE, BLOCK 22, LOT 5

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Kip Fanning, Lessee (907) 784-3316 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 22, Lot 5 for approximately 5 years. Current Use of Site: Block 22, Lot 5 is currently used for aircraft, vehicle, and equipment storage. Past Use(s) of Site: Block 22, Lot 5 was formerly used for helicopter maintenance and storage, oil field support, and as a State of Alaska maintenance facility. Current Use of Surrounding The surrounding properties are currently used as an aircraft hangar, and a Properties: weather service station. Past Use(s) of Surrounding The surrounding properties have been used for helicopter maintenance and Properties: storage, oil field support, and as a road maintenance facility. Current or Past Hazardous / There are large diesel tanks located on Block 22, Lot 5. Petroleum Material Use, Storage, Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Mr. Fanning was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 22, Action(s): Lot 5. Past Releases of Mr. Fanning was unaware of any past releases at Block 22, Lot 5. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information None. (Permits, etc.):

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4.15 FINDINGS FROM INTERVIEW WITH BARBARA COKELEY, RESIDENT, BLOCK 40, LOT 7

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FINDINGS Name, Title, Telephone Barbara Cokeley, Resident (907) 784-3365 Years Familiar with Site Familiar with Block 40, Lot 7 for 46 years. Current Use of Site: Block 40, Lot 7 is used as a private residence Past Use(s) of Site: Prior to the home being built on Block 40, Lot 7, the area was empty forest land. Current Use of Surrounding Surrounding properties are also private residences. Properties: Past Use(s) of Surrounding Surrounding land used to be forest. Properties: Current or Past Hazardous / Gas and oil ASTs are kept at Block 40, Lot 7, A 1-case motor is also being Petroleum Material Use, Storage, stored there. Disposal: Current or Past Regulatory Ms. Cokeley was unaware of any current or past regulatory actions at Block 40, Action(s): Lot 7. Past Releases of Ms. Cokeley was unaware of any past releases at Block 40, Lot 7. Hazardous/Petroleum Materials on the Property: Other Environmental Information None. (Permits, etc.):

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4.16 REQUIRED QUESTIONS

SLR asked all 14 interviewees and the User the required questions regarding their awareness of any pending, threatened, or past incidences, as follows:

PHASE I ESA REQUIRED QUESTIONS ANSWERS Litigation relevant to hazardous substances or All interviewees except Mr. Cossaboom indicated the answer petroleum products in, on, or from the Site? to this question was “no”. Mr. Cossaboom indicated “maybe”. Mr. Cossaboom indicated that he had heard about concerns with respect to groundwater at the airport. Mr. Cossaboom recommended that SLR interview Ms. Coston about this issue. Mr. Wanstall (the User) indicated that to his knowledge, ADEC’s Contaminated Sites Program has no litigation proceedings taking place on the properties for hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or from the Site Administrative proceedings relevant to All interviewees except Ms. Coston and Mr. Wanstall (the hazardous substances or petroleum products in, User) indicated the answer to this question was “no”. Ms. on, or from the Site? Coston indicated “yes”. Ms. Coston indicated that various cleanups have occurred at or in close proximity to the Site. Specifically Ms. Coston mentioned a cleanup involving leaking barrels of DDT in a Quonset hut. Mr. Wanstall indicated that the answer to this question was “yes”. Every listed contaminated site associated with a property at the Yakutat Airport has had administrative proceedings relevant to hazardous substances or petroleum products in, on, or from the Site by ADEC letter to notify the owner/operator of State of Alaska interest in cost recovery for providing oversight and, if necessary a timely cleanup. Notices from any governmental entity regarding All interviewees except Mr. Wanstall (the User) indicated the possible violations of environmental laws or answer to this question was “no”. possible liability relating to hazardous Mr. Wanstall indicated that the answer to this question was substances? “yes”. Two items stand out in regards to this question: Notices of Violation (NOVs) and liability for cleanup. A NOV is not a legal instrument often used by ADEC’s Contaminated Sites Program when a responsible party is engaged in cleanup even at a painfully slow pace such as the FUDS program. Mr. Wanstall indicated that to his knowledge NOVs have not been sent by ADEC’s Contaminated Sites Program to responsible parties (RPs) with respect to sites at the Yakutat Airport. As to liability for cleanup, as stated in the response to the previous question, each RP for a listed contaminated site at the Yakutat Airport is informed in a letter of State of Alaska interest of the potential for liability for ADEC oversight and cleanup.

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5. SIGNIFICANT DATA GAPS

Data gaps are a lack of, or an inability to obtain, information required by the ASTM Practice E 1527-05, despite good-faith efforts by the EP to gather such information. Data gaps may have resulted from incompleteness in any of the activities required in the ASTM Practice E 1527-05, including, but not limited to, the site reconnaissance, records review, or interviews. The presence of a data gap may or may not present a REC due to the possibility that a REC could be discovered if the missing information is obtained.

The following data gaps were identified:

• Not all records (aerial photographs, topographical maps, land title records) were available dating back to 1940. In addition, although a Recorded Document Guarantee and property lease records for each block and lot were obtained, the information for some lots is limited and other documents indicate other leases may have occurred that were not documented.

• The following areas could not be assessed due to heavy vegetation and/or snow cover: − Block 5, Lots 1 and 2 − Block 19, Lot 1 − FUDS Rifle Range

• Structures on the followings lots were inaccessible and the interior was not observed: − Block 2, Lot 2 (Delta Western) − Block 3, Lots 1A and 1B (Yakutat Lodge Housing) − Block 4, Lot 1 (Ed Dierick) − Block 21, Lot 2 (NWS) − Block 22, Lot 4 (Gary Gray) − Block 40, Lots 4, 7, and 10 (Private Residences)

• The following properties, within the Site boundary, were not fully assessed because they are owned by the federal government and not the State of Alaska: − Block 10, Lot 1 − Block 14, Lots 1A and 6 − Block 15, Lots 1 and 2 Of these locations, only Block 14, Lot 6 contains a structure. These parcels were briefly assessed externally.

• A reconnaissance of the surrounding properties was largely impractical due to heavy vegetation and/or snow.

• User information required under the ASTM Standard Practice was not provided.

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6. CONCLUSIONS

6.1.1 RECOGNIZED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

SLR has performed a Phase I ESA of the ADOT&PF Yakutat Airport Multiple Sites property located in Yakutat, Alaska. The Phase I ESA was performed in conformance with the scope and limitations of the ASTM’s Standard Practice E 1527-05. Exceptions to, or deletions from, this practice are described in Section 4 of this report. This assessment has revealed the following findings with respect to RECs and HRECs at the Site:

• The Yakutat Airport has a long history of fuel handling, aircraft operations, vehicle maintenance and leasing, and other related activities that have been conducted dating back to WWII.

The following specific observations contributed to the Site-wide REC:

• Fifty-one ASTs, 34 drums, and other fuel containing vessels, with some exhibiting past releases, observed during the Site Reconnaissance. In addition former ASTs and USTs are known to exist at the Site based on the historical records reviewed.

• A contaminated soil stockpile was observed covering portions of Block 12, Lots 6 and 7 and Block 13, Lots 2, 5, and 6.

• Strip and floor drains with unknown discharge locations were observed associated with the buildings on Block 1, Parcel A (WWII hangar); Block 4, Lot 2; and Block 22, Lot 5.

• The presence of facilities with unknown discharge in conjunction with the waste lagoon, and large number of septic systems (with exact location and origins unknown).

• Staining was observed in several hangars and buildings at the Site. These include the WWII hangar on Block 1, Parcel A; the Alsek Air building on Block 1, Lot 1A; the Yakutat Coastal Airlines building on Block 2, Lot 3; the NPS building on Block 4, Lot 2; the Situk Leasing building on Block 5, Lot 2; and the NOAA building on Block 17, Lot 2.

• An in-holding non-ADOT&PF property located on Block 15, Lots 1 and 2, was learned to be a PCB-cleanup site. The environmental records search did not find this Site and the current status is unknown. The lots are owned by the federal government and five monitoring wells were observed.

• Eight regulatory-managed contaminated sites are located within the Site boundary, and several open contaminated sites located close to the Site’s boundary.

6.1.2 HISTORICAL RECOGNIZED ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

The following HRECs were identified:

• Twenty spills were found in ADEC’s spills database that may have occurred at or near the Site. All but three of these spills have been closed by ADEC; the remaining three spills were transferred to ADEC’s Contaminated Sites Department. These spills are classified as HRECs.

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• Three records were found in ADEC’s LUST database of sites that have been closed within the Site boundary.

• There are contaminated sites within the Site boundary that are listed with a status of “Cleanup Complete” or “Cleanup Complete – Institutional Controls”.

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7. REFERENCES

American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM), 2005. Standard Practice E1527-05. Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process.

Shannon & Wilson, Inc. (S&W), 2010. Final Report: Feasibility Study Former Yakutat Air Force Base, Yakutat, Alaska. July.

Shannon & Wilson, Inc., 2012. Volume I 2010 Supplemental Remedial Investigation Former Yakutat Air Force Base, Yakutat, Alaska. February.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 2008. Military Munitions Response Program Preliminary Assessment for Yakutat Air Base, Yakutat, Alaska, Property Number F10AK0606. July.

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FIGURES

Figure 1 Site Location Map

Figure 2 Locations of Known Impact

Figure 3 Site Features – Blocks 2 through 5

Figure 4 Site Features – Blocks 1, 6, 21, and 22

Figure 5 Site Features – Blocks 10 through 18

Figure 6 Site Features – Block 40