DOCSLIB.ORG

Jatropha Curcas L., a Potential Bioenergy Crop. on Field Research in Belize

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Jatropha Curcas L., a Potential Bioenergy Crop. on Field Research in Belize Università degli Studi di Padova Facoltà di Agraria Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie Laurea Magistrale in Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Jatropha curcas L., a potential bioenergy crop. On field research in Belize. Relatore: Prof. Mario Malagoli, Università degli Studi di Padova Correlatore: Dr. ir. Raymond Jongschaap, Wageningen University and Research centre, Plant Research International Laureando: Berardo da Schio Matricola n° 588712 Anno Accademico 2009/2010 If you use information from this M.Sc. dissertation document, please cite and refer to: da Schio, B., 2010. Jatropha curcas L., a potential bioenergy crop. On field research in Belize. M.Sc. dissertation. Padua University, Italy and Wageningen University and Research centre, Plant Research International, the Netherlands. “Sub umbra floreo”. National motto of Belize. Table of Contents List of Abbreviations.........................................................................................................7 Abstract............................................................................................................................11 1.Introduction..................................................................................................................13 1.1 Energy crisis and global climate...........................................................................13 1.2 Jatropha curcas L., a potential bioenergy crop....................................................18 1.2.1 Knowledge gaps in Jatropha curcas L. research..........................................28 1.2.2 Selection of knowledge gaps and justification..............................................31 1.3 Aim and objectives of the thesis...........................................................................33 2.Materials and Methods.................................................................................................35 2.1 Research at PRI Wageningen, the Netherlands.....................................................35 2.2 On field research in Belize, Central America.......................................................36 2.2.1 Climate data..................................................................................................39 2.2.2 Maya Ranch trial...........................................................................................40 2.2.3 Warrie Head trial...........................................................................................44 2.2.4 Central Farm trial..........................................................................................45 2.3 Statistical analysis.................................................................................................49 3.Results and discussions................................................................................................51 3.1 Important drivers for Jatropha curcas L. growth and development and how are these for Belize...........................................................................................................51 3.1.1 Radiation and light interception....................................................................51 3.1.2 Temperature...................................................................................................52 3.1.3 Water.............................................................................................................53 3.1.4 Vapour pressure and wind speed...................................................................53 3.2 Response of genetically different accessions to available resources in Belize.....55 3.2.1 Seed dimension and weight...........................................................................55 3.2.2 Seed germination rate....................................................................................58 3.2.3 Biomass development at nursery stage: LA, fresh weight, taproot length....60 Table of Contents 3.3 Resources use efficiency and optimization for jatropha crop conditions in Belize.. .....................................................................................................................................63 3.3.1 Plant density..................................................................................................63 3.3.2 Plant spacing.................................................................................................64 3.3.3 Crop management.........................................................................................71 3.4 Discussions...........................................................................................................80 4.Conclusions..................................................................................................................85 5.Acknowledgements......................................................................................................89 Annex 1. Growth parameters and sustainability indicators tables...................................91 Annex 2. Experimental designs.......................................................................................99 References.....................................................................................................................107 6 List of Abbreviations AET............... Actual Evapo-Transpiration aft. ….............after (in Annex 1) agr. …............ agricultural (in Annex 1) BNMS............Belize National Meteorological Service BT.................. Bullet Tree CBD...............Convention on Biological Diversity CDM..............Clean Development Mechanism CF.................. Central Farm COCyTECH.. Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología comm. …....... communication DM................ Dry matter DMA............. Dry matter assignment EEP................ Energy and Environment Partnership EM................. Effective Micro-organisms ERA-ARD..... Agricultural Research for Development; Dimension of the European Research Area EU..................European Union FACT............. Fuel on Agricultural Common Technology FAO............... Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GHG.............. Greenhouse gases GUARD.........Galen University – Applied Research and Development for Sustainability Institute HI...................Harvest index IEA................ International Energy Agency IPCC.............. International Panel on Climate Change JC................... Jatropha curcas L. (in Annex 1) LA..................Leaf Area LAI................ Leaf Area Index LCA............... Life Cycle Analysis MR.................Maya Ranch NBS............... Nucleotide Binding Site NGO.............. Non Governmental Organization List of Abbreviations OAS...............Organization of the American States OM.................Organic Matter PET................ Potential Evapo-Transpiration pm..................parameter (in Annex 1) PRI.................Plant Research International PS...................Production system (in Annex 1) T,M,B.............Top, Middle, Bottom branches (in Annex 1) TSDF..............Tropical Studies and Development Foundation UB................. University of Belize UNEP.............United Nations Environment Programme UNDP.............United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC.......United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change USD............... United States Dollar WH................ Warrie Head WUR..............Wageningen University and Research centre 8 Ai miei genitori, e ai miei nonni. Abstract Potentials of bioenergy crop Jatropha curcas L. are investigated through field trials in Cayo District, Belize, Central America. Crop growth and development are monitored in two jatropha plantations of one and six years, respectively in Warrie Head and Maya Ranch. A third plantation is set up in Central Farm, in the framework of the '1 st Coordinated Call for a Transnational Research Activity under the ERA-ARD Net: Bioenergy – an opportunity or threat for the rural poor', in the project 'Bioenergy in Africa and Central America – Opportunities and Risks of Jatropha and Related Crops'. Biomass development is assessed through measurements of dry fruit yield, LAI development, length of effective branch, seed dimensions and weight, fruit to seed ratio and seed to kernel ratio and seed germination test in relation to different crop variables, according to the different trials: management, such as pruning and cropping system (monoculture, intercropping and living fence), genotype, plant spacing and plant density. Outputs on biomass development are linked with weather variables data, kindly provided by the National Meteorological and Hydrological service of Belize. Results indicate that Jatropha curcas L. has promising potentials to play a decisive role in bioenergy scenario in Belize and the Region, for the favourable pedoclimatic situation and the availability of genetic resources. Key words: Jatropha curcas L. – Biofuels – LAI development – Belize – Tropical agriculture. Riassunto Il potenziale della coltura energetica Jatropha curcas L. viene investigato in prove di campo nel Distretto di Cayo, Belize, America Centrale. La crescita e lo sviluppo della coltura vengono monitorati in due piantagioni di uno e sei anni, rispettivamente a Warrie Head e a Maya Ranch. Una terza piantagione viene messa a dimora a Central Farm, nel contesto della '1 st Coordinated Call for a Transnational Research Activity under the ERA-ARD Net: Bioenergy – an opportunity or threat for the rural poor', nel progetto 'Bioenergy in Africa and Central America – Opportunities and Risks of Abstract Jatropha and Related Crops'. Lo sviluppo della biomassa
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jatropha: a Multipurpose Plant with Considerable Potential for the Tropics
    Scientific Research and Essays Vol. 6(13), pp. 2597-2605, 4 July, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE DOI: 10.5897/SRE10.611 ISSN 1992-2248 ©2011 Academic Journals Review Jatropha: A multipurpose plant with considerable potential for the tropics A. K. M. A. Islam*, Z. Yaakob and N. Anuar Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia. Accepted 10 June, 2011 Jatropha curcas L is a multipurpose shrub and a member of the family Euphorbeaceae with several attributes and considerable potential. The present review article discussed the reported recent research on the cultivation and utilization of various parts of jatropha plant for different applications. J. curcas L is a tropical plant that can be grown in marginal lands of low to high rainfall areas and can be used as a commercial crop. The plant can be used to prevent and/or control erosion, to reclaim land, grown as a live fence to protect agricultural fields from farm animals and can be planted as an alternate commercial crop. The plant produces many useful products, especially the seed, from which oil can be extracted; this oil can be used as a feed stock for biodiesel. The extracted oil can also be used for making soap, glue, dye, etc. The leaves, shoot latex, roots and seed oil has medicinal properties. The fruit exocarp (coat), seed shell and processed seed cake are rich in nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium and can be used as fertilizer. It could provide employment, save foreign exchanges, improve environment and develop the socio-economic status of poor resource farmers in developing countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward Improving Photosynthesis in Cassava: Characterizing Photosynthetic Limitations in Four Current African Cultivars
    Received: 19 June 2017 | Revised: 16 February 2018 | Accepted: 20 February 2018 DOI: 10.1002/fes3.130 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Toward improving photosynthesis in cassava: Characterizing photosynthetic limitations in four current African cultivars Amanda P. De Souza1 | Stephen P. Long1,2 1Departments of Crop Sciences and Plant Biology, Carl R Woese Institute for Abstract Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Despite the vast importance of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) for smallholder Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA farmers in Africa, yields per unit land area have not increased over the past 55 years. 2 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster Genetic engineering or breeding for increased photosynthetic efficiency may repre- University, Lancaster, UK sent a new approach. This requires the understanding of limitations to photosynthesis Correspondence within existing germplasm. Here, leaf photosynthetic gas exchange, leaf carbon and Stephen P. Long, Departments of Crop nitrogen content, and nonstructural carbohydrates content and growth were analyzed Sciences and Plant Biology, Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University in four high- yielding and farm- preferred African cultivars: two landraces (TME 7, of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, TME 419) and two improved lines (TMS 98/0581 and TMS 30572). Surprisingly, IL, USA. A Email: [email protected] the two landraces had, on average, 18% higher light-saturating leaf CO2 uptake ( sat) than the improved lines due to higher maximum apparent carboxylation rates of Funding information Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Grant/ Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and regeneration of ribulose- 1,5- biphosphate ex- Award Number: OPP1060461 pressed as electron transport rate (Jmax). TME 419 also showed a greater intrinsic water use efficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Cassava Plant Guide
    Plant Guide Food products: There are hydrocyanic glucosides CASSAVA (HCN) in all parts of the plant; these glucosides are Manihot esculenta Crantz removed by peeling the roots and boiling in water. Plant symbol = MAES The young tender leaves are used as a potherb, containing high levels of protein and vitamins C and Contributed by: USDA NRCS National Plant Data A. The leaves are prepared in a similar manner as Center spinach, while eliminating toxic compounds during the cooking process. Cassava flour is used to make cookies, quick breads, loaf breads, pancakes, doughnuts, dumplings, muffins, and bagels. Cassava extracted juice is fermented into a strong liquor called kasiri. It also can be concentrated and sweetened until it becomes dark viscous syrup called kasripo (casareep). This syrup has antiseptic properties and is used for flavoring. The peeled roots of the sweet variety are usually eaten cooked or baked. Livestock: Cassava leaves and stem meal are used for feeding dairy cattle. Both fresh and dried cassava roots are consumed by ruminants in different forms (chopped, sliced, or ground). Cassava bushes three to four months old are harvested as forage for cattle and other ruminants. Lincoln Moore. 2005 USDA NRCS Ornamental: One clone with variegated leaves is planted as an ornamental. Alternate Names Synonyms: Jatropha manihot L., Janipha manihot Commercial: Cassava starch is used in the production (L.) Kunth, Manihot utilissima Poh, Manihot aipi of paper, textiles, and as monosodium glutamate Poh, Manihot manihot (L.) Cockerell, Manihot (MSG), an important flavoring agent in Asian melanobasis Muell. Arg. cooking. In Africa, cassava is used as partial substitution for wheat flour.
    [Show full text]
  • Production of Biodiesel from Soybean and Jatropha Curcas Oils with KSF
    Calgaroto et al. Sustainable Chemical Processes 2013, 1:17 http://www.sustainablechemicalprocesses.com/content/1/1/17 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Production of biodiesel from soybean and Jatropha Curcas oils with KSF and amberlyst 15 catalysts in the presence of co-solvents Cleber Calgaroto1, Selma Calgaroto1, Marcio A Mazutti2*, Debora de Oliveira3, Sibele Pergher4 and J Vladimir de Oliveira3 Abstract Experimental conditions for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) from Jatropha curcas and soybean oils using two acid heterogeneous catalysts (Amberlyst15 and KSF) was optimized, in the presence of different co-solvents (THF, acetone, petroleum ether and n-hexane) in a batch reactor at fixed conditions: oil to methanol molar ratio (1:9), catalyst concentration (4.8 wt%), co-solvent mass ratio (1:1), 160°C and 6 hours. Results showed that the use of co-solvents led to a reduction in the FAME conversion. Higher conversions were obtained for Jatropha curcas compared to soybean oil. The Amberlyst15 presented an enhancement in the catalytic activity after regeneration, providing high biodiesel conversions compared to the fresh resin. The catalyst also presented stability after 5 cycles of reuse. Activity lost was observed for KSF after 2 successive batch experiments, probably due to a deactivation of acid sites. Keywords: Biodiesel, Jatropha curcas oil, Soybean oil, Reuse, Heterogeneous catalysis Background than 0.5 wt% and 2% (v/v), respectively, are used as reac- The global interest in renewable combustibles has been tants [10]. intensified nowadays, mainly due to the environmental To overcome these problems, several studies involving concerns related to the use of fossil fuels, reduction on the use of heterogeneous catalysts have been presented petroleum reserves and adaptation to recent legislation in the literature, including zeolites [11,12], clays [13], that poses the need of reduction in vehicles emissions mesoporous silica [14], heteropolyacids [15], resins [16] [1-4].
    [Show full text]
  • Propagation Methods for Jatropha Curcas
    Annex 2: Growing Jatropha Including propagation methods for Jatropha curcas 2010 Author: Ab van Peer Supported by the Global Sustainable Biomass Fund of NL Agency Including propagation methods for Jatropha curcas By Ab van Peer MASc Contents of growing Jatropha curcas.L Page 2 Contents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Preface……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Introduction on Jatropha ……………………………..………………………………………………… 4 Botanical description………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 MODULE 1-Soils Soils……………………………………………………….………………………………………………………… 6-13 Simple characterization of soils Soil structure and texture Nutrients Soil pH Soils and water Practical solutions for yield improvement MODULE 2-Propagation Selecting planting material……………………………………………………………………………… 14-21 The nursery………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Propagation methods Generative propagation……………………………………………………………… o Seeding. Direct seeding in the field . Direct seeding in poly bags . Seeding in seedbeds . Transplanting in poly bags . Transplanting from seedbed to field Vegetative propagation………………………………………………………………… o Hard cuttings . Transplanting in poly bags . Direct planting in the field o Soft cuttings o Tissue culture and Grafting MODULE 3 - Field Planting……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22-30 Pruning……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ….. Flowering, fruiting and picking…………………………………………………………………….…… Alley cropping………………………………………………………………………………………………… Diseases………………………………………………………………………………………………………… MODULE 4 – Jatropha
    [Show full text]
  • A Study on Structural Features in Early Flower Development of Jatropha Curcas L
    African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 6(2), pp. 275-284, 18 January, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR DOI: 10.5897/AJAR09.727 ISSN 1991-637X ©2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper A study on structural features in early flower development of Jatropha curcas L. and the classification of its inflorescences Jun Wu, Yuan Liu, Lin Tang, Fuli Zhang and Fang Chen* College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China. Accepted 26 November, 2010 Jatropha curcas L. produces seed oil that is viewed as having tremendous potential as an economical alternative for diesel fuel. Seed yield, the main factor determining jatropha oil production, is highly associated with flower development, especially with the number of female flowers. However, little was known regarding floral development in this species. Accordingly, studies were undertaken to develop more information on the developmental process of floral organs. The early floral development was divided into 12 phases. The present study illustrated that, the sex differentiation of male or female flowers occurred in phase-VII; earlier phases presented unapparent structural differences. The male flowers always had unisexual tissues during floral development. In contrast, early development of female flowers presented bisexual tissues, with male sexual degradation occurring at the later developmental phases. There was significant location specificity with respect to the inflorescence of male and female flowers. Based on this, the present study combined the total number of female flowers, and divided the inflorescence into three types, which had significant differences in the number of female flowers; they likewise presented different probabilities of occurrence in terms of different growing seasons.
    [Show full text]
  • Novel Mutant Camelina and Jatropha As Valuable Feedstocks for Biodiesel
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Novel mutant camelina and jatropha as valuable feedstocks for biodiesel production Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Asif Ali Khan1,2, Hafza Masooma Naseer Cheema1, Muhammad Asif Hanif3*, Muhammad Waqar Azeem3 & Muhammad Abubakkar Azmat4 Novel mutant camelina has become a crop of interest inspired by its short growing season, low harvesting costs and high oil composition. Despite those advantages, limited research has been done on novel mutant lines to determine applicability for biodiesel production. Jatropha is an extremely hardy, frugal and high oil yielding plant species. The major aim of the present study was not only to compare biodiesel production from jatropha and camelina but was also to test the efcacy of camelina mutant lines (M6 progenies) as superior feedstock. The biodiesel yield from camelina oil and jatropha oil was 96% and 92%, respectively. The gas chromatographic analysis using fame ionization detector (GC-FID) showed that mutant camelina oil biodiesel sample contain major amount of oleic acid (46.54 wt%) followed by linolenic acid (20.41 wt%) and linoleic acid (16.55 wt%). Jatropha biodiesel found to contain major amount of oleic acid (45.03 wt%) followed by linoleic acid (25.07 wt%) and palmitic acid (19.31 wt%). The fuel properties of produced biodiesel were found in good agreement with EN14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The mutant camelina lines biodiesel have shown comparatively better fuel properties than jatropha. It has shown low saponifcation value (120.87–149.35), high iodine value (130.2–157.9) and better cetane number (48.53–59.35) compared to jatropha biodiesel which have high saponifcation value (177.39–198.9), low iodine value (109.7– 123.1) and lesser cetane number (47.76–51.26).
    [Show full text]
  • Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Activity in Jatropha Curcas L. Under Salt Stress
    2012 BRAZILIAN SOCIETY OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY RESEARCH ARTICLE Photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in Jatropha curcas L. under salt stress Mariana Lins de Oliveira Campos1, Bety Shiue de Hsie1, João Antônio de Almeida Granja1, Rafaela Moura Correia1, Jarcilene Silva de Almeida-Cortez1, Marcelo Francisco Pompelli1* 1Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Botany, Recife, PE, Brazil. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received: 11 August 2011; Accepted: 10 May 2012 ABSTRACT Biodiesel is an alternative to petroleum diesel fuel. It is a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic biofuel. Interest in the production of biodiesel from Jatropha curcas L. seeds has increased in recent years, but the ability of J. curcas to grow in salt-prone areas, such as the Caatinga semiarid region, has received considerably meager attention. The aim of this study was to identify the main physiological processes that can elucidate the pattern of responses of J. curcas irrigated with saline water, which commonly occurs in the semiarid Caatinga region. This study measured the activity of the antioxidant enzymes involved in the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, which include catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The levels of chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids, amino acids, proline, and soluble proteins were also analyzed. The net carbon assimilation rate (PN), stomata conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (E) decreased with salt stress. The activities of CAT and APX were decreased, while H2O2 and MDA levels as well as electrolyte leakage were significantly increased in salt-stressed plants compared to the untreated ones. These observations suggest that the ability of J.
    [Show full text]
  • Modeled Spatial Assessment of Biomass Productivity and Technical Potential of Miscanthus × Giganteus, Panicum Virgatum L., and Jatropha on Marginal Land in China
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Aberdeen University Research Archive Received: 7 June 2019 | Revised: 28 November 2019 | Accepted: 7 January 2020 DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12673 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Modeled spatial assessment of biomass productivity and technical potential of Miscanthus × giganteus, Panicum virgatum L., and Jatropha on marginal land in China Bingquan Zhang1 | Astley Hastings2 | John C. Clifton-Brown3 | Dong Jiang4 | André P. C. Faaij1 1Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University of Abstract Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands This article identifies marginal land technically available for the production of energy 2Institute of Biological and Environmental crops in China, compares three models of yield prediction for Miscanthus × giganteus, Science, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass), and Jatropha, and estimates their spatially spe- UK 3 cific yields and technical potential for 2017. Geographic Information System (GIS) Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth analysis of land use maps estimated that 185 Mha of marginal land was technically University, Aberystwyth, UK available for energy crops in China without using areas currently used for food pro- 4 Institute of Geographic Sciences and duction. Modeled yields were projected for Miscanthus × giganteus, a GIS-based Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model for switchgrass and Global Agro- Ecological Zone model for Jatropha. GIS analysis and MiscanFor estimated more Correspondence than 120 Mha marginal land was technically available for Miscanthus with a total Bingquan Zhang, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groningen, University potential of 1,761 dry weight metric million tonne (DW Mt)/year.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinese Tallow Tree (Triadica Sebifera)
    THE WEEDY TRUTH ABOUT BIOFUELS TIM LOW & CAROL BOOTH Invasive Species Council October 2007 Title: The Weedy Truth About Biofuels Authors: Tim Low & Carol Booth Published by the Invasive Species Council, Melbourne October 2007 Updated March 2008 The INVASIVE SPECIES COUNCIL is a non-government organisation that works to protect the Australian environment from invasive pest species. Address: PO Box 166, Fairfield, Vic 3078 Email: [email protected] Website: www.invasives.org.au Further copies of this report can be obtained from the ISC website at www.invasives.org.au Cover photo: Spartina alterniflora, by the US Department of Agriculture CCOONNTTEENNTTSS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 What are biofuels? ................................................................................................................ 2 The Biofuel industry .............................................................................................................. 4 The problems with biofuels ................................................................................................ 6 Social and economic issues ............................................................................................ 6 Greenhouse issues ............................................................................................................ 7 Biodiversity issues ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What Makes Premium Cassava Flour Special?
    2018 E-zine Coverage What Makes Premium Cassava Flour Special? Manufacturers of baked goods with the development of adopted starch manufacturing and snack foods differentiate delicious, high-quality baked technology and since produced in the crowded marketplace goods and snack foods. and sold only tapioca starch by offering specialty products and a number of them that speak to today’s FBN: What is cassava? continued to refer to this consumers’ wants and needs. new ingredient as tapioca Some of the most frequently Mr. Festejo: Cassava, also flour. Tapioca flour, or more requested products are those commonly known as yucca or appropriately, cassava flour, is with gluten-free, grain-free and manioc, is a perennial woody still produced and consumed non-GMO claims. shrub with an edible root that in tropical countries where the grows in tropical and subtropical cassava plant is indigenously Food Business News spoke with areas of the world. While many grown. However, the quality and Mel Festejo, COO of AKFP to food professionals are familiar characteristics of the flour are learn how Premium Cassava with and have used tapioca adapted only to native dishes Flour, alone or in a mix, assists starches and like derivatives, few in these countries. These local know that tapioca’s raw material cassava flours are not well is the root of the cassava plant. suited for use in gluten-free Tapioca or cassava starch is baked goods and snack foods. produced by the extraction of Our proprietary technology is only the starch component of making cassava flour a highly the root. Tapioca or cassava suitable functional, nutritional, flour, on the other hand, requires clean-label ingredient for gluten- the processing of the whole free and even grain-free baking peeled root.
    [Show full text]
  • Finger Millet"
    Background on the development of the "Global strategy for the ex situ conservation of finger millet" The development of the strategy involved the following main steps: • The finger millet strategy was initiated in December, 2009 and discussions took place with international, regional and national partners through email discussions whereby a survey questionnaire was finalized for circulation. • Information and data were gathered using databases such as GENESYS (www.genesys- pgr.org), FAO-WIEWS (http://apps3.fao.org/wiews/wiews.jsp?i_l=EN), SINGER (http://singer.cgiar.org/), EURISCO (http://eurisco.ecpgr.org/) and GBIF); reports and other information resources on the holdings of finger millet genepools and additional inventory of collections. • Identification of major germplasm collections of finger millet based on information collected above were identified along with Institutes and their respective contact persons to undertake the survey. • Survey questionnaire was designed in consultation with experts and survey was undertaken to gather information on collections, content and status of conservation in January, 2011 and information was received from 56 countries across Asia, Africa, Europe and Americas. • After receiving information from the survey, a draft report was finalized and circulated to all the partners for their feedback. • The consultation meeting was organized on December 23, 2011 to discuss the draft report where participants from India, Kenya, Uganda, Mali, and Senegal participated. Based on their input, the final report was prepared for submission. Coordinator: Much of the development of the finger millet strategy was coordinated by Dr. P N Mathur ([email protected]), South Asia Coordinator at Bioversity International in consultation with Dr.
    [Show full text]