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Policy Priorities • Continued support to innovative projects to promote women’s rights. Refugee Women • Capacity-building through training for staff and refugees – to strengthen the protection of women. During 2001, UNHCR undertook an assessment of • Dissemination of good practices. progress made over the past 10 years in advancing the rights of refugee women and promoting gender equality. The intent was to sharpen UNHCR’s strat- Achievements and Impact egy after reflecting on lessons learned. For this assessment, feedback from refugees was actively Dialogue with Refugee Women sought. Other objectives during the year included the following: In early 2001, a series of meetings were held with women of concern to UNHCR in Canada, Colombia, • Implementation and improvement of multi- Egypt, Georgia, Guinea, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, sectoral activities to address sexual and gender Lebanon, Mexico, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Thailand based violence (SGBV). and Tanzania. These consultations culminated in • Empowering refugee and returnee women to an international consultation with displaced participate in conflict resolution and peace women in Geneva. For three days in June 2001, building initiatives. coinciding with the 50th Anniversary of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, UNHCR, in partnership with the Women’s Commis- sion for Refugee Women and Children, brought together fifty refugee women from around the world. During the meeting the women shared experiences, offered testimony, and analysed the way UNHCR and its partners had approached their concerns. The consultations offered UNHCR an unparalleled opportunity at the highest level to hear from displaced women how UNHCR and its partners could improve its operations to equally protect all refugees. In response to their analysis and recommendations, the High Commissioner made five concrete commitments regarding measures to overcome barriers to their protection. The implementation of these commit- Angola: The provision of safe water is an area of concern for refugee workers and is one of the most important areas of assistance. UNHCR has helped to improve access ments is central to UNHCR’s to water for IDPs in Uige Province. UNHCR / W. Schellenberg strategy for advancing the rights

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of women and placing gender equality at the heart survivors of SGBV. An immediate outcome of the of all its activities in 2002 and beyond. conference was the update of the current UNHCR Guidelines on Prevention and Response to Sexual Ten–year Review of UNHCR’s Policy Violence. This will be tested in the field during 2002. and the Guidelines on the Protection of Refugee Women In its ﬁeld operations, UNHCR continued to develop and test various activities to prevent and respond An assessment was undertaken by the Women’s to sexual violence against refugee women in Commission for Refugee Women and Children camps. For example, in Guinea, refugee men have (Women’s Commission) with the support of two formed the Men’s Association for Gender Equality major donors. This assessment considered the to actively promote a culture of non-violence exact nature and extent of UNHCR’s compliance against women. In Kenya, UNHCR and NGOs held with the principles contained in the Guidelines on a consultative and strategy development meeting the Protection of Refugee Women, ten years after the on sexual gender-based violence in November publication of that document. 2001. The participants formulated recommendations and interventions to address problems related to The assessment examined measures taken during sexual and gender-based violence. In Sierra Leone, the past decade to respond to the particular needs UNHCR supported the strengthening of the Sierra of refugee women and girls, including the special Leone Women’s Forum, a network of local women, risks they face, the effectiveness of UNHCR’s pro- to develop and implement SGBV projects. tection activities in relation to these needs, and progress towards establishing gender equality. In Refugee and returnee situations create special vul- addition, the assessment explored the role of assist- nerabilities which are disproportionately charac- ance and how this promotes equal rights for teristic of the female population of all ages, includ- women, as well as the link between meeting their ing children. During October and November of immediate needs and the longer-term strengthening 2001, a joint assessment mission by UNHCR/Save of women’s skills and capacities. The assessment the Children (UK) visited West Africa to look into team formulated detailed recommendations and the issue of sexual violence and exploitation as it concrete suggestions for implementation, drawing affects refugee children, including adolescent girls. upon lessons learned, best practices and clear indi- They reported allegations of sexual exploitation of cators of progress. refugees, particularly girls and young women, and noted that some workers of national and interna- The results of the assessment will feed into the tional NGOs and UN agencies, including UNHCR, preparation of a Policy on Gender Equality and the were allegedly using “the very humanitarian aid revision of the Guidelines on Protection of Refugee and services intended to benefit the refugee popu- Women currently underway. lation as a tool of exploitation”. As noted later in this section, UNHCR and other humanitarian Prevention of Sexual and Gender-based agencies, both those implicated and others, have Violence against Women and Girls actively co-operated with subsequent investiga- tions pursuing the allegations, and are redoubling In March 2001, UNHCR hosted an Inter-Agency efforts to ensure that such vulnerabilities are pro- Lessons Learned Conference on Prevention and actively addressed and minimised. Response to Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Refugee Situations. Refugee women, UN sister agen- Support for Women in the cies, government and non-government partners Peace Process joined UNHCR in identifying where progress has been made in developing a multi-sectoral approach, Despite their active role in the practical aspects of assessing how and where these methodologies can reconciliation, reconstruction and rehabilitation, it be replicated, analysing gaps and charting the way is recognised that refugee women are largely forward. The participants developed specific tools absent from peace processes. The following are to improve delivery of protection and assistance to some initiatives that UNHCR supported to ensure

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that the experiences and abilities of refugee women workshop. As part of that workshop, a specific are included at different phases of peace processes. module on male involvement in promoting gender equality was also piloted in the same region. The • In Kenya, Uganda, Guinea and Liberia, UNHCR training package was well received and will be Global Programmes supported a Peace Education Programme which incorporated into future protection training in recognised refugees’ need for negotiating and the region. conflict resolution skills in order to find sustainable and durable solutions to their problems. Good Practices • UNHCR funded the participation of several refugee women in the Mano River Union initiative In June 2001, the Refugee Women/Gender Equality in West Africa, ensuring that refugee women Unit published the second volume of Good Practices participated in peace delegations that visited in Gender Mainstreaming. The publication describes Guinea and Sierra Leone. seven good practices in promoting the empower- • UNHCR also funded the participation of refu- ment of refugee women and girls as part of a stra- gee women at a training session on Leadership tegy for gender equality. Each of the seven descrip- for Peace Building held in Liberia. tions summarises how the activity was planned, • In addition, UNHCR supported and funded the what was achieved and what lessons were learned. participation of refugee and returnee women at The publication illustrates how refugee community the conference on Gender-based Persecution in life can be improved, sometimes in quite simple Canada and a conference on Gender Relations ways, which respond imaginatively to specific in Post-Conﬂict Transitions in Norway in order to situations in different contexts. A third volume will ensure that the voices of displaced women could be published in 2002. shape the outcome of both those meetings. Capacity-Building through Gender and Gender in Emergency Situations and People Oriented Planning Strengthening Gender Networks The training package for People Oriented Planning In 2001, gender advisors were deployed as part of was modified to include gender awareness, gender emergency response teams sent to Guinea, Sierra analysis and the empowerment of women. The up- Leone and Afghanistan. The experience was dated training was tested with a group of refugee extremely successful and refugee women and col- women whose input was used to further improve leagues working in those emergencies commented the training process. on the benefits of including a gender equality perspective from the outset. Thus, the practice of In addition to the continued improvement of the including gender advisors in emergency response People Oriented Planning/gender training pack- and stand-by teams for deployment to emergencies age, UNHCR continued to incorporate gender is being institutionalised. training into other learning programmes and workshops. For example, the Refugee Status Deter- The Gender Advisor to the Afghanistan operation mination Training package and the Protection is developing a strategy that will include support- Learning Programme were developed in co- ing the work of the women’s NGOs which conti- operation with the Refugee Women Unit to ensure nued to work on health and education despite the the integration of a gender perspective. restrictions imposed under Taliban rule. Economic and Social Empowerment In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the gender networks developed region-specific tools for pro- A range of targeted activities was implemented gramming and protection. After an evaluation in by various UNHCR offices to help refugee, dis- early 2001, the tools became a part of a regional placed and returnee women to rebuild their lives training package on gender equality in protection. and to participate in the reconstruction of their That training package was piloted in Turkey in countries at all levels. Some of these activities are June 2001 along with a Training of the Trainers listed below:

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• Income generation and small-scale enterprises Refugee Children including for displaced and returnee women in Angola, to Adolescents strengthen women’s networks and strengthen the role of women in the country’s economic Children, including adolescents, make up approxi- recovery; mately 50 per cent of the total population of concern • Support to the Sierra Leone Women’s Forum for to UNHCR. Building on the strategy developed the development of its constitution, mandate after the findings of the “Machel Study” in 1997, and structure; UNHCR endeavoured to reflect the rights and • Training of female refugees in Cairo to become needs of children more closely in the design and qualified nursing assistants to care for elderly implementation of protection and assistance pro- and disabled patients; grammes. The Machel Study and the 1989 • Enterprise development for displaced young Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) women artists in Colombia designing and pro- formed the basis for all such programmes. ducing high quality paper products such as greeting cards, kites and decorations for the Recognising that within the larger refugee and international market; returnee populations children have special needs • Promoting access to land for returnee women in and are particularly vulnerable, UNHCR continued Guatemala through training on land rights for to focus in 2001, on the following priority areas: members of the judiciary, funding of land te- nure specialists in central and local government • Advocate and disseminate UNHCR’s policy on and training for returnee women on their refugee children. basic rights. • Promote action to address global key concerns, namely: separation, exploitation, abuse and vio- Constraints Encountered in Gender lence, including exposure to HIV/AIDS, mili- Equality Implementation tary recruitment, access to education, and the specific needs of adolescents. Ten years after the publication of UNHCR’s Guide- • Promote the “mainstreaming” of child protect- lines on the Protection of Refugee Women, many of the ion and assistance into UNHCR’s programmes. original obstacles to promoting gender equality • Strengthen inter-agency collaboration, notably remain, including: with UNICEF and NGOs. • Field-focused training and capacity-building • A lack of shared understanding of the terminol- activities. ogy: many still consider “gender equality” to be a product of western feminist philosophy that is In most refugee and returnee situations, children not appropriate to refugees’ needs on the face an increased risk of sexual exploitation, abuse ground; and violence because of their age and the social • Failure to establish partnerships with men in disruption surrounding them. While both boys and promoting gender equality. girls are at risk of exploitation, girls are usually the principal targets. During October and November The Senior Co-ordinator for Refugee Women/ 2001, a joint assessment mission by UNHCR/ Save Gender Equality Unit is continuously working on the Children (UK) visited West Africa to ways and means to overcome all these obstacles. look into the issue of sexual violence and exploitation as it affects refugee children. Their findings included allegations of sexual Expenditure – Refugee Women exploitation of refugee children. (USD) Prevention of Sexual Violence against Women and Girls 252,777 Activities to Support Mainstreaming Gender Equality 467,902 Senior Regional Advisor in Kenya 132,910 Senior Regional Advisor in the Syrian Arab Republic 149,579 Senior Regional Advisor in Turkey 146,243 TOTAL 1,149,411

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Myanmar: Particular emphasis is placed on having girl children attend school. Returnee girls at a UNHCR-funded primary school. UNHCR / A. Hollmann

Achievements and Impact The “Independent Evaluation of the Impact of UNHCR’s Activities in Meeting the Rights and Advocacy, Research and Evaluation Protection Needs of Refugee Children” was initiated in February 2001. UNHCR’s Refugee Children The UN Special Session on Children (UNSSC) was Co-ordination Unit (RCCU) was part of the scheduled for September 2001, but postponed to Steering Committee established for this evaluation. May 2002 due to the terrorist attacks in the U.S.A. The Department of International Protection, the Nonetheless, the Senior Co-ordinator for Refugee Division of Operational Support and the UNHCR Children participated in several preparatory con- Bureaux at HQ also participated in the Steering ferences, and UNHCR’s policy on children’s rights Committee. This Committee will continue to serve was incorporated into successive drafts of the as a platform for the co-ordination of refugee “Outcome Document” that was presented for children’s issues world-wide and the follow-up to debate and agreement at the rescheduled UNSSC. the independent evaluation of refugee children’s needs. The Refugee Children’s Unit gave funding and technical advice to the Senior Regional Advisors The RCCU took part in the preparations for the for Refugee Children (SRAs) in support of their international conference on Sexual and Gender- efforts to highlight the protection and assistance based Violence in March 2001 and contributed to needs of refugee children in regional initiatives and its outcome by organising sessions covering refu- fora, including the Summit of African First Ladies gee children. Refugee children’s issues were high- on HIV/AIDS (advising on strategies to address lighted at the Second World Congress on Commer- problems related to the pandemic) in Rwanda. cial Sexual Exploitation of Children held in These events are important means of sensitising Yokohama in December 2001. A side meeting was key constituencies to the special needs and challen- held on “Refugee Children – A Safer Way to Exile” ges faced by refugee children, and to promote con- in collaboration with NGOs. The RCCU liased with certed action to address them. the organisers of the Yokohama Conference on

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Commercial Sexual Exploitation to offer some funding was provided for a regional study on the research and ensure that UNHCR’s concerns were “Legal Framework Affecting Refugee Children and voiced at that important forum. Other Children of Concern to UNHCR in Countries in Eastern Europe”. A second regional meeting of Research was commissioned with the aim of re- experts, which brought another three East European assessing and refining UNHCR’s policy on refugee countries into the process, took place in Ankara in children and stimulating action to put it into prac- March 2001. Country studies were undertaken tice. An agreement was concluded with an interna- with a special focus on promoting access to educational NGO to carry out a field study on care tion and birth registration. One of the outcomes arrangements for unaccompanied and separated was a Presidential Decree, issued in Ukraine which refugee children. This study will present its conclu- revised the birth registration system. sions in 2002 and joint policy development deci- sions by UNHCR and partner agencies are expected. The Separated Children in Europe Programme Follow-up action is also anticipated in connection (SCEP) continued to promote the best interests of with another study started in 2001 in partnership separated children seeking asylum through the with Save the Children-UK, on sexual and gender- development of shared policy and commitment to based violence as they affect refugee children in best practices at the European and national levels. West Africa. The study included a joint assessment The RCCU participated in the Steering Committee mission in October and November 2001 to the meetings and contributed to the SCEP programme three Mano River Union countries. Findings seminar. included allegations of sexual exploitation of refugee children, notably by workers of national and Partnerships international NGOs and UN agencies, allegedly using “the very humanitarian aid and services UNHCR, UNICEF, ICRC, IRC, Save the Children- intended to benefit the refugee population as a tool UK and World Vision worked together to produce of exploitation”, as well as international peace- an advanced draft text Inter-Agency Guiding Princi- keepers and community leaders. Beyond ples on Unaccompanied and Separated Children, which co-operating with the preparatory work for investi- broadens the definition of the term “unaccompa- gations that were launched to pursue the allega- nied minors” to include separated children. It is tions, UNHCR initiated a comprehensive action expected that the final Guiding Principles will be plan to address programme, management and issued shortly, thereby providing a formal basis for resource issues highlighted by the assessment, in improved collaboration in this important area of the region and worldwide. concern to UNHCR.

Training and Capacity-Building The “Action for the Rights of Children” (ARC) initiative continued to be a major platform for Under the Action for the Rights of Children (ARC) mobilising inter-agency collaboration, both training and capacity-building initiative, the through its Steering Committee at HQ and in the emphasis throughout 2001 was on the review and inter-agency participation in training events in the revision of resource materials and on regional Field. UNICEF, OHCHR and the Save the Children follow-up activities. By the end of 2001, ten out of Alliance contributed to the ARC initiative in a series of fifteen resource packs were completed various ways, including translating the material and made available via UNHCR’s website. In addi- into French and Spanish and providing resources. tion, a CD-Rom containing the resource packs and This important effort aims to increase the capacity key documents was distributed to UNHCR staff of UNHCR, NGOs, governments and other actors and to NGO counterparts. Five of the resource to address children’s issues in the field. packs were translated into Spanish, seven into Russian, and five into French. The Refugee Children’s Unit participated in regular meetings and thematic discussions with the As a result of the ARC-based meeting of experts Geneva based NGO Sub-Group on Children in from four eastern European countries in 2000, Armed Conflict, which served as an important co-

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ordinating body, bringing together major actors to Education Activities in 2001 share information and discuss policy issues. Education is a fundamental human right and a powerful tool that refugees can use to protect

Peace Education Global Programmes themselves. It is through education that refugees During 2001, UNHCR and its partners expanded keep alive their hopes for a better future. Despite and consolidated the UNHCR Peace Education meagre resources, UNHCR remains committed to programme. The general objectives for 2001 were: the provision of high quality education to refugees. In 2001, the education programme endeavoured to • To provide a sustainable, structured Peace improve access to quality education by ensuring Education programme to develop skills and atti- that policies and guidelines were updated and tudes conducive to peaceful and constructive disseminated, pilot programmes were evaluated, behaviour. collaboration between sectors was encouraged and • To provide resources, technical advice and inter-agency co-operation was strengthened. training to countries wishing to incorporate Peace Education into their ongoing assistance The following are among the major achievements programmes to refugees. during the year: • To undertake external evaluation of the Kenya programme (the original pilot programme) to 1) Promoting education through bilateral cooper- establish “lessons learned’’. ation and inter-agency partnership • In 2001 the Norwegian Refugee Council sent The Peace Education programme was implemented Education Officers on short-term deployment to in five countries: Kenya, Uganda, Democratic Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Republic of the Congo (DRC), Guinea and Liberia. Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Guinea, Sierra Leone In addition, preliminary training and design plan- and UNHCR Headquarters. Save the Children ning workshops were conducted in Eritrea, Ethio- Sweden also supported the deployment of an pia, North-West Somalia, and Tanzania as a pre- ofﬁcer to Brazzaville. The deployments provided requisite for full implementation in 2002. The support to country operations in assessing school and community programmes are ongoing, educational needs and in developing education with nearly 200,000 school children learning programmes suited to local needs. through the Peace Education curriculum, and the • UNHCR increased its efforts in promoting programme has been extended to national secondary refugee girls’ education. Assessments and eval- schools in Kenya and Liberia. It is also being used uations were carried out to review the question in non-formal education programmes, including of females gaining access to education. As a con- adult literacy classes, in Guinea, Liberia, Kenya, sequence, measures were taken to overcome Uganda, Tanzania, DRC, Ethiopia and Eritrea. An evaluation of the Expenditure – Refugee Children and Adolescents impact of the programme in (USD) Kenya began in December 2001 Education for Liberian Refugee Children in Côte d’Ivoire 938,370 and will be completed in early Reproductive Health Activities, Prevention & Treatment HIV/AIDS 1,041,402 2002. UNHCR is committed to Enhancing Nutritional Status of Refugee Women, Children and Adolescents 497,357 integrating aspects of Peace Policy Implementation and Monitoring of Refugee Children Activities 144,000 Education with the ARC pro- Initiative Fund for Refugee Children 210,000 gramme and various refugee Education for Life Skills, Peace and Conflict Resolution Programme 480,000 women’s initiatives. To this end, Senior Regional Advisor in Côte d’Ivoire 166,624 a combined ARC – Peace Educa- Senior Regional Advisor in Kenya 137,200 tion sub-regional workshop was Senior Regional Advisor in Turkey 151,602 held in Somalia in 2001. Senior Regional Advisor in the Syrian Arab Republic 155,562 Programme Delivery and Related Costs at HQ’s for Training in Connection with the Refugee Children Unit 46,019 TOTAL 3,968,136

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(Federal Ministry for Economic Development and Cooperation, Germany). The programme was implemented in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia and Uganda. In addition, preliminary training and design planning workshops were conducted in Eritrea, Ethiopia, Northwest Somalia, and Tanzania, with a view to full implementation in 2002. The school and community programmes are ongoing, with nearly 200,000 school-going children learning through the PEP curriculum. The programme has been extended to secondary schools in Kenya and Liberia as well as non-formal education (including adult literacy) in Guinea, Liberia, Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia and Eritrea.

An independent evaluation was conducted in the pilot areas and the major achievements and constraints are summarized in the following statement quoted from the evaluation report: “The PEP has contributed to the practice of peace related skills and to peace building in refugee camps. The programme is a rewarding and positive experience for the refugees – a welcome and sometimes a Education is a policy priority – Girls who fled Afghanistan received schooling in neighbouring countries. fun change from the dreariness of daily camp UNHCR/P. Benatar life. It inspires hope and renewed faith in humankind; it bonds people, particularly the these obstacles in five pilot countries: Eritrea, peace facilitators, teachers and the core active Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and Northwest Soma- graduates. It provides a practical agenda for action. lia. The experience and results of these assess- For the educators it is simply exhilarating. PEP ments would be used as a tool to develop future is a well-designed programme, flexible, and can programmes and would also be used to monitor easily cross borders. All this must be due to the sexual violence and exploitation. Moreover, very participatory way in which it was designed, UNHCR participated in the UN Girls’ Educa- with refugees as principal actors. It needs consoli- tion Initiative. dation, in each site, continually, due to high staff • The Inter-Agency Network for Education in turnover.” Emergencies (INEE) is an open network of agencies committed to education and operates 3) HIV/AIDS and Education on the principles of collaboration and informa- UNHCR seeks to strengthen efforts on prevention tion sharing. UNHCR is one of the founding and response to the AIDS pandemic. Support for agencies along with UNICEF and UNESCO education and vocational training incorporating an and is a member of the Steering Committee. HIV/AIDS component is considered vital in pro- A learning materials pack was developed to moting the rehabilitation and protection of deal with emergency education, teacher training war-affected refugee children and youth. Initia- curricula, HIV/AIDS and Health Education, tives began in 2001 to integrate HIV/AIDS educa- and Mine Awareness. tion into schools in refugee settings.

2) Peace Education 4) Environmental Education Programmes During 2001, UNHCR and its partners expanded Environmental Education Programmes, implemented and consolidated the UNHCR Peace Education through collaboration with UNESCO, entailed the Programme (PEP) with funding support from BMZ development of school curricula, the integration of

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environmental components into existing curricula, action between refugees/returnees and local popu- teacher training, and the development of booklets, lations as well as in reintegration activities. Like posters and other relevant educational material. refugee women and children, older refugees also Thousands of African and Central Asian refugee have special needs not always addressed in general Global Programmes children, as well as children in the refugee-hosting programmes. UNHCR’s policy on older refugees communities, have beneﬁted from environmental (EC/50/SC/CRP.13) was presented to, and education activities and out-of-the-classroom activi- endorsed by the 17th Meeting of the Standing ties including management of school gardens, com- Committee (29 February – 2 March 2000). This petitions and kitchen gardening. policy was reproduced in a brochure entitled Older Refugees – a Resource for the Refugee Commu- 5) Education and Mine Awareness nity, which also contained examples of activities UNHCR’s involvement in mine-action has three focused on older refugees in a range of UNHCR features: advocacy, risk reduction and pursuance of operations. This brochure was disseminated to effective and co-ordinated international systems. partners and UNHCR offices. In the area of risk reduction, UNHCR focussed on providing education on mine awareness through In the course of 2001, the Community Services Unit specialized implementing partners in various contributed input to the Inter-Agency working countries.

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: Flight is often a terrible ordeal for the 6) Developing Tools and elderly. Elderly returnee woman in the region of Skopje. UNHCR / B. Betzelt Resource Materials A UNHCR book entitled “Learn- ing for A Future: Refugee Educa- tion in Developing Countries” was launched. This was an addition to the list of UNHCR resource materials on education. This book is a product of a research programme undertaken by UNHCR’s Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit in conjunc- tion with the Education Unit. The book contains topics that could serve as good tools for education practitioners and policy makers. The topics include: Education in Emergencies; On School Quality and Attainment; Improving Quality and Attain- ment in Refugee Schools: the case of Bhutanese refugees in Nepal; Peace Education and Ref- ugee Youth; and Vocational Training for Refugees: A Case Study from Tanzania.

Older Refugees

Although often overlooked, older refugees play central roles in camps and socio-economic inter-

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Group on Aging. This information was used for the HIV in refugee situations is scarce, it is believed information kit prepared for the Second World that this reality is most serious for the millions of Assembly on the Aging, which took place in refugees and internally displaced persons whose April 2002. physical, economic and social insecurity erodes their traditional caring and coping mechanisms. Community Services In 2001, UNHCR continued to provide healthcare During 2001, the Health and Community Develop- for women of child-bearing age (i.e., family-planning ment Section (HCDS) under the Division of Opera- counselling, ante-natal and post-natal care, mother tional Support (DOS) implemented a range of and baby clinics etc.) and HIV/AIDS services, with activities to improve UNHCR’s delivery of services a special focus on young people. Throughout the to refugees, enhance refugee participation and year, UNHCR advocated the integration of repro- strengthen relationships with implementing part- ductive health and HIV/AIDS issues into refugee ners. One such programme was the introduction programmes, with special emphasis placed on of a policy entitled “Reinforcing A Community young people. Development Approach”(CDA) which was presented at the 20th Standing Committee Meeting. In In addition, more than 25 NGO partners were order to implement the policy, staff were deployed financed from a grant from the UN Foundation to to Thailand, Ukraine, East Timor, the Central further strengthen reproductive health and African Republic, Sierra Leone, Guinea, the Russian HIV/AIDS activities. New reproductive health and Federation, Pakistan and the Democratic Republic HIV/ AIDS activities were undertaken in Eritrea, of the Congo to undertake needs-assessment of refu- Ethiopia, Kyrgyzstan, Rwanda, Uganda, Yemen gees during emergencies and to train field staff. A and Zambia. This represented a 60 per cent joint monitoring mission was undertaken with an increase in HIV/AIDS – related projects (compared NGO to West Africa to support the implementation with the year 2000). of the CDA. Two training and co-ordination workshops on CDA were held in Oslo and Stockholm. Key initiatives undertaken in 2001 to promote the awareness of HIV/AIDS included: HIV/AIDS and Refugees • Kenya: A regional mechanism was established UNAIDS estimated that the Human in Nairobi to provide technical support to Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired HIV/AIDS programmes in refugee communi- Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) ties in the East and Horn of Africa; is the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa, where AIDS killed 2.3 million African people in 2001.

In many parts of the developing world, the majority of new infec- tions occurred in young adults aged 15 to 24, most of whom knew little or nothing about HIV or how to protect themselves.

It is widely recognised that conflict, instability and food insecurity, as well as poverty and other forms of deprivation, offer fertile

ground for the spread of HIV. Kyrgystan: Public awareness campaign against ravages of HIV/AIDS. While data on the prevalence of UNHCR/Kyrgystan.

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• Kyrgyzstan: To dispel the taboos associated remained the same as that set out in UNHCR’s with HIV/AIDS, UNHCR and UNFPA worked Environmental Policy (1996), namely to ensure that with young refugees, community leaders, parents the environmental impact of refugees and returnees and local NGOs to sensitise them on HIV/AIDS be kept to a minimum through the application of the Global Programmes and reproductive health issues; key principles of prevention, cost-effectiveness, • South Africa: UNHCR produced a video “The and a participatory approach involving the local Window of Hope” which educated young refu- population and the refugees. It has to be recog- gees on HIV/AIDS issues. To better meet their nised, however, that much still remains to be done needs, UNHCR also conducted a survey of in relation to the preventive dimension of this pol- young urban-based refugees; icy: refugees continue to collect firewood for cook- • Yemen: At the end of 2001, UNHCR focused on ing purposes, fell young trees for the construction providing reproductive health services, includ- of basic shelters, or remove ground cover to culti- ing the training of health staff, family-planning vate land. To the extent that these practices con- counselling, pre-natal, and post-natal care to the tinue to exist, there will inevitably be frictions with refugee population; host communities and governments, and the risk of • Zambia: To reduce the vulnerability of refugees undermining the institution of asylum. to HIV/AIDS and provide them with some form of income, UNHCR brought income- generating activities (and the development of small businesses) under the umbrella of the reproductive health and HIV/AIDS projects. One example is the provision of a grinding mill to a group of refugee women in Zambia.

Working in collaboration with international agencies, UNHCR also produced advocacy and awareness materials on the rights of refugees and young people to reproductive health. The Inter-agency Field Manual on Reproductive Health in Refugee Situations was published in 1999. It was translated and widely disseminated in French, Portuguese and Russian in 2001 (with a Spanish version to be Ethiopia: Measures are taken to rehabilitate environmentally published in 2002). degraded areas around refugee settlements. Somali refugees working in a tree nursery. UNHCR / M. Maasho UNHCR undertook various assessments in sub- Saharan Africa, with a view to enhance current In 2001, the following issues received particular projects on reproductive health and HIV/AIDS, as attention: well as design and implement new activities. A roster of humanitarian health workers was com- • Integrating UNHCR’s environmental policy piled, particularly those with expertise in the areas and guidelines into all aspects and phases of of HIV/AIDS, reproductive health and nutrition. A refugee-related activities; full-time Reproductive Health Ofﬁcer was appointed • Increasing awareness of environmental issues in at UNHCR Headquarters to provide technical refugee-related operations through training support to the Field offices. sessions and workshops at the national and regional levels; The Environment • Enhancing support to the Field on environmental management issues through advice and gui- In 2001, UNHCR’s focus on environmental issues dance from the Engineering and Environmental continued to evolve in response to the changing Services Section (EESS); needs of UNHCR operations in different countries • Improving collaboration and co-ordination with and regions. The overall objective, however, partners on environmental issues;

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Expenditure – The Environment (USD) Environmental Protection and Management in Afghanistan 86,040 Environmental Protection in Areas Hosting Refugees in the Central African Republic 260,000 Environmental Resources Programme for Somali and Ethiopian Refugees in Djibouti 130,000 Environmental Planning & Coordination, Environmental Education and Rehabilitation in Ethiopia 179,675 Rational Energy Supply, Conservation and Utilisation in Dadaab and Kakuma Camps, Kenya 363,360 Environmental Protection and Rehabilitation in Areas Hosting Asylum-Seekers in Nepal 223,263 Demonstration of Environmental Approaches in Eastern Sudan 134,500 Participatory Approaches to Natural Resources Management in Former Refugee-Hosting Areas, Sudan 88,000 Forestry Activities & Energy Supply in Refugee Affected Areas in Northern Uganda 297,600 Environmental Co-ordination of Refugee Programmes 392,300 Regional Support Service for Refugee and Returnee Environmental Education Curriculum Dev. & Training 190,000 Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Methodologies in Refugee Operations 359,000 Programme Support Costs and Related Costs for Training on Environment at HQs 72,500 TOTAL 2,776,238 This table includes projects implemented from centrally-managed funds for environmental activities, as well as a sample of specific environmental project implemented under country allocations. Country chapters in this Report include the necessary details. The total of UNHCR’s attention to environmental issues, however, is much wider as many sector activities, besides the main sector objective, also have secondary environmental objectives.

• Enhancing monitoring of compliance with efficient use of soil, water, energy and other natural UNHCR’s environmental policies and guidelines. resources and are adaptable to both rural and urban situations). Achievements and Impact In 2001, in the Tenedba, Um Rekuba and Um Gulga UNHCR renewed its efforts to work with other UN villages of eastern Sudan, UNHCR implemented agencies, national and international organisations the project “Participatory Approaches to Natural (especially conservation agencies working on natu- Resource Management in former Refugee-Hosting ral resource management). Based on the large Areas.” Some 16,000 local Sudanese villagers and a demand from implementing agencies for UNHCR’s large number of IDPs benefited from this project, guidance, several new guidelines and handbooks which demonstrated ways of ensuring environ- were developed and pre-tested in field situations. mental rehabilitation of former refugee hosting The environment website was updated and areas through local community participation. This UNHCR published a new brochure entitled Caring helped to decrease tension between the local com- for Refugees-Caring for the Environment. munities and the refugees.

In 2001, EESS supported model projects designed At the end of the year, UNHCR organised a work- to simultaneously meet the needs of refugees, shop on sound environmental management in ref- local communities and the environment (in ugee and returnee operations. Over 40 agencies Afghanistan, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe). In Afghan- and implementing partners participated in the dis- istan, bio-gas technology, cooking systems and cussion on best practice with a view to updating concrete beams (for housing) were provided to the booklet entitled Refugee Operations and Environ- 225 pilot households. For Congolese (DRC) mental Management – Selected Lessons Learned. refugees in Rwanda, terracing was further expanded to slow down soil erosion and the forma- Environmental Education tion of gullies in Byumba Camp, and at the same time it permitted refugees to engage in In co-ordination with UNESCO’s Programme for intensive agriculture on the terrace beds. In Education in Emergencies and Reconstruction, Zimbabwe, 400 refugees were trained in permacul- UNHCR continued an outreach programme to pro- ture (environmentally friendly, productive and vide educational opportunities for refugee children sustainable approaches to farming, which make in refugee-hosting areas. Culturally sensitive edu-

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cation material on the environment was created work for Assessing, Monitoring and Evaluating the and distributed, and teachers were trained in envi- Environment in Refugee Operations (FRAME) was ronmental techniques. Similar programmes were further developed. Under the FRAME project, the undertaken in Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya, and following were prepared: guidelines for environ- Global Programmes preparations have begun for educational initiatives mental assessment; a user guide for monitoring in Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda for 2002. projects through the use of selective indicators; a geographical information systems database. Moni- In February 2001, UNHCR organised a strategic toring systems in Guinea and Uganda were also planning workshop on environmental education in put in place. Nairobi, Kenya for UNHCR staff and implementing partners involved in environmental pro- Assessments and evaluations of environmental grammes in 10 African countries. projects were undertaken in the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, In Ethiopia, the Office and its implementing part- Djibouti, Guinea, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Thailand ner tested education materials on environmental and Uganda. awareness in emergency situations, mainly with host communities. The booklets Our Environment Organisation and Implementation and Taking Care of the Future were distributed to teachers and pupils in Liberia and Sierra Leone. In EESS is an integral part of the Department of Oper- Sudan, UNHCR, working in collaboration with the ations, which oversees all aspects of UNHCR’s Commissioner for Refugees and a national corpo- activities, including ensuring full compliance with ration, created a series of posters promoting envi- policy priorities. In 2001, there was an increase ronmental awareness in Arabic. In Zambia, new in the number of field-based environmental co- educational material on environmental manage- ordinators who continued to play an instrumental ment was developed. role in delivering assistance and services to UNHCR’s implementing partners and to refugees. Training The Office collaborated with various international UNHCR organised two regional training courses NGOs on developing handbooks and guidelines on environmental management in Ethiopia and related to environmental issues and provided Kenya for UNHCR staff, government counterparts, specialists in environmental management to assist UNHCR implementing partners and donors. in training programmes and workshops. In co-ordination with an international NGO, the The Ofﬁce also undertook a thorough review of the Office also carried out research on the management training programme, to improve it and make it more of protected areas affected by refugee operations. cost-effective, allowing for a greater number of train- Joint ventures with national and international ing sessions to be held throughout the year. In 2001, agencies on environmental issues have been UNHCR supported ﬁve national training courses on important, since they allow UNHCR to pool environmental management in Liberia, Tanzania and resources and expertise in response to environmen- Uganda, and preparations were undertaken for tal management needs at the field level and help workshops to be held in the Democratic Republic of UNHCR identify partners who could eventually the Congo, Eritrea, Kenya and Sudan. take over responsibility for environmental programmes initiated by UNHCR. Monitoring Impact As a result of Action 2, several country pro- Throughout the year, the Office developed a range grammes were obliged to scale back or even cancel of techniques to assess, monitor and evaluate activ- planned activities in 2001, due to lack of financial ities with an environmental impact, including and human resources. community-based indicators and remote-sensing applications, for use by UNHCR’s programme In view of the importance of environmental man- managers and implementing partners. The Frame- agement in refugee and returnee operations and

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the increased demand from the field offices, cal Guide on the Use of Objectives, Outputs UNHCR will develop a strategy for enhancing and Indicators” was produced in May 2001 and attention to environmental issues as an integral disseminated to UNHCR offices worldwide. element of refugee programmes in 2002. • Over 40 field operations were provided with feed back and advice on improving their project descriptions. Programme • In May 2001, the Operations Management Support Activities Learning Programme (OMLP) was launched as the main training vehicle for programme staff. The OMS Framework The programme comprises a six-month distance- learning element, followed by a workshop and The Operations Management System (OMS) another there months where participants under- provides, among other things, a comprehensive take a learning project. So far, over 75 staff management framework for the implementation of members have enrolled in this distance learning UNHCR’s policies and programmes. The following programme. objectives were established for the implementation • A substantial review of Chapter 4 of the of OMS management framework in 2001: UNHCR Manual (dealing with programming) was undertaken – over 25 Sections of the Manual • Operation teams are supported with advice have been changed into a more reader-friendly on new management processes, tools, methods format and these were widely disseminated to and techniques, and are provided with a all UNHCR staff. channel for feedback leading to further system improvements; OMS Integrated Systems • Processes, rules and procedures are simplified Project and OMS guidelines disseminated in updated manuals; The Population and Geographic Data Section • UNHCR staff and partners are provided with (PGDS) within the Division of Operational Support training and operational support; (DOS) is made up of the Geographical Informa- • User-friendly tools for planning and implemen- tion and Mapping Unit (GIMU) and the Popula- tation developed. tion Data Unit (PDU). Through this Section the Office has dedicated resources to cover Activities undertaken during the year included: population data management, including registration and statistics, as well as geographic information • The improvement in the quality and technical and mapping. coherence of UNHCR programmes, through clear articulation of primary and secondary pro- Some of the achievements and impact of the gramme goals, objectives and related activities, Section during 2001: expressed in terms of measurable indicators; this was achieved, in part, through nine strate- The GIMU was directly involved in developing gic planning workshops (SPWs) organized for information management projects in Sierra Leone major operations: these workshops involved (in co-operation with OCHA), Eritrea, Angola and more than 300 UNHCR staff, NGO partners, Colombia, and provided support to the Afghan cri- local government, donor and refugee represent- sis through the services of four GIS consultants atives, as well as other UN agency personnel. who were deployed to offices in Pakistan, the They involved participatory, integrated plan- Islamic Republic of Iran and Afghanistan. ning, incorporating log frame methodology and assessment techniques. Due to enhanced communication, the Section was • A workshop was held in September to train 25 in a better position to meet the geographic informa- operations managers from 15 country operation needs of the Office. This, in turn, led to tions in leading participatory planning exercises improved collaboration with Bureaux and Field within their own country operations. “A Practi- operations. During the year, GIMU assisted more

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than 54 field offices, in more than 40 countries, PROFILE, including a review of the objectives and with geographic information services. the scope of the project. The Study for Scoping of project PROFILE was finalised by Deloitte and During 2001, more than 630 operational maps were Touche in close co-operation with PGDS in Global Programmes produced and a total of 120,000 copies were February 2001. The findings and recommendations distributed both internally and externally. Some 50 of the Study were translated into indicative imple- maps were included and updated for the Global mentation plans and budgets. Discussions were Reports. Over 2,000 refugee locations were recorded held to come up with the most appropriate in the PGDS/GIMU database – used to develop the approaches, especially to the information technology operational maps. These records are updated at components of the project. Limited preliminary least four times during the year. research was conducted on advanced technologies to prepare for the implementation of some ele- Inter-agency co-ordination continued through ments of PROFILE. Donor briefings were organ- working groups such as the Geographic Information ised to secure their support for this project. Support Team (GIST) and the UN Geographic Information Working Group (UNGIWG). Contacts While the implementation of PROFILE has been have also been established with the Office for slower than initially expected, the project ensured Outer Space Affairs (OOSA), the UN Drug Control that support for registration and population data and Crime Prevention (UNDCCP) and the EU Joint management has now become a priority of UNHCR Research Centre (EU/JRC) to further improve co- senior management and of donors, paving the way ordination in this area. for the Office and field operations to make improvements in this area. In 2001, support to field operations in the area of registration was provided in a more systematic With regard to statistical collection and analysis, a manner. The post of Senior Registration Officer, large number of reports, analyses, tabulations, which had been vacant for a considerable time, was charts and databases were prepared and distributed, filled in November 2000. Support structures were both at Headquarters, to country offices and exter- revived. These included: technical assessment and nally. Hundreds of ad hoc internal and external que- advice on registration; deployment of standard ries were replied to. The UNHCR statistics website registration materials from the HQ stockpile to the received more than 60,000 visitors each month. field, support to emergency operations; training; technical support missions to the field; liaison with The Emergency and sections/units at HQ; and support to the field- Security Service based Registration Co-ordinators in West and Cen- tral and the East and Horn of Africa. The Emergency and Security Service was created in January 2001, following two UNHCR-initiated proc- Support to field registration and population data esses in 2000 in the area of emergency and security management activities in major operations was management: The Plan of Action, for “Strengthening strengthened considerably and included the UNHCR’s Preparedness and Response Capacity”, following: and the report on “Enhancing Staff Security” following the tragic deaths of four UNHCR staff members Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea-Bissau, Tanzania, in West Timor and Guinea. ESS brings together two Uganda, Ethiopia, Sudan, Burundi, Rwanda, DRC, sections – the Emergency Preparedness and Response ROC, Zambia, Namibia, Zimbabwe contingency Section (EPRS) and the Field Safety Section (FSS), in planning for six neighbouring countries, Pakistan, order to encourage a more comprehensive and inte- the Islamic Republic of Iran, Yemen, India, Afghan- grated approach to emergency and security manage- istan, Kosovo/Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ment within UNHCR. (FRY), The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (fYROM). To increase UNHCR’s emergency and security management capacity, 14 additional posts were The focus in the second half of 2001 was on Project created in ESS in 2001. This strengthened the stand-

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ing deployment capability for emergency situa- staff members were evacuated from their duty stations as it now includes six Senior Emergency tions for security reasons, compared to six the year Preparedness and Response Officers, one Senior before. In general, there was a heightened awareness Emergency Administrator and three Emergency for staff safety throughout the organisation. This is Finance/Administrative Assistants. In addition, a also reflected by the increased demands for security multi-disciplinary Emergency Roster Team (ERT), officers in field operations. In 2001, security concerns roster of 25 UNHCR and 10 non-UNHCR staff, was were better integrated into the planning of opera- maintained at all times for rapid deployment with tions and there was greater involvement at the senior the possibility of reinforcement, through standby management level in security issues. arrangements with external partners. UNHCR expanded the number of Field Safety Training for UNHCR Staff Advisors (FSA) through the creation of specific field-based posts and a central pool of six out-posted In 2001, the Staff Development Section (SDS) re- FSAs. These FSAs are administratively assigned to vised its organisational learning strategy, increased Geneva, but permanently out-posted in the field, in the role of SDS in the co-ordination of staff train- order to provide enhanced security coverage to the ing, developed and applied a more systematic operations without FSAs or the required financial training planning process, including needs assess- resources. In addition, 22 national positions were ment, monitoring, reporting and multi-level evalu- created in 2001 to support the FSAs in various field ation, and provided more learning opportunities locations, and two Senior FSA positions were cre- for staff, in order to improve organisational be- ated in FSS to enhance its capacity for situational haviour and effectiveness in UNHCR. monitoring, analysis, technical support and over- sight to field operations. The total staff capacity for During 2001, the Staff Development Section in con- the management of staff safety in Headquarters sultation with training co-ordinators and training and in the Field, including international and local providers, reviewed the Learning Policy and staff, increased from 29 in 2000 to 68 in 2001. Guidelines. 21 policy indicators, similar to those being developed with the UN system, were identi- 2001 was marked by major emergency operations fied. Learning in UNHCR will be measured against in West Africa, Afghanistan and Macedonia where these indicators, and this project will ensure that EPRS deployed and mobilised staff in support learning activities in UNHCR conform to UN of UNHCR regional and field operations. EPRS standards. SDS also reviewed and incorporated also provided support to field operations confront- standards and values into the Guidelines to be ing smaller emergencies including Eritrea, Ethiopia, used in the toolkit for induction and orientation Democratic Republic of Congo, Nauru and developed in 2001 and to create a Code of Conduct Cambodia. for the Office.

In 2001, the main results achieved in the area of staff Throughout the year, the Staff Development Sec- safety management included: the increase in staffing, tion informed staff of training opportunities at both the international and national levels, needed through the regular distribution of the Staff Deve- for the better management of staff safety; the intro- lopment Notes and through the updated SDS duction of two new staffing mechanism (out-posting Intranet site. To further outreach to UNHCR staff, and retainer-type contracting) for greater flexibility SDS staff served as focal points for different geo- in moving security personnel around the world; and graphical regions. the creation of new resource allocation mechanisms for staff safety. Inter-agency collaboration on staff In order to assess staff interest in the training pro- security issues, particularly with UNSECOORD, grammes and better understand their training remained a high priority throughout the year. needs, SDS developed a database to monitor par- ticipant applications to learning programmes. This During 2001, 159 security incidents took place has proved fruitful in the planning, management involving UNHCR staff, as opposed to 156 in 2000. and reporting of training programmes. Electronic 58 of them were serious, compared to 56 in 2001. Five media was also used to assess the Facilitation

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Learning Programme which was developed in 2001 tions of restricted processing and security checks. and expected to impact the learning methodologies These have slowed the processing of cases. The pre- in UNHCR, and the on-line learning packages. dictability that once characterised the commitments Staff interest in these learning programmes was of major resettlement countries has proven to be Global Programmes relatively high. another casualty of the September 11th attacks.

Four of the five core learning programmes have At Headquarters, two new professional posts were been developed: Senior Management, Middle Man- approved for the Resettlement Section in 2001, agement, Protection and Operations Management. a Senior Resettlement Officer and a Programme Due to financial constraints, the development of Officer. the Resource Management Learning Programme was postponed to 2002. A successful learning pro- Some of the activities undertaken in 2001 in sup- gramme was the Effective Writing Programme, port of resettlement included: which received an international award for best practice in distance learning in 2001. • The Resettlement Handbook, a fundamental tool for case identification and submission, was In 2001, 3,900 UNHCR staff and 1,800 implement- widely disseminated, and the country chapters ing partner staff benefited from the various were updated and posted on the UNHCR web- learning programmes, distance learning courses site. The French version of the country chapters and workshops. is presently being prepared. During 2001, wide dissemination and an increased use of the HQ Support for Handbook resulted in more frequent and better- Resettlement Activities quality resettlement submissions. • Monitoring of resettlement activities has been During 2001, the Resettlement Section in the improved; quality control of submissions by Department of International Protection continued Headquarters providing case-specific guidance its endeavours for developing resettlement poli- to field offices is ongoing. cies, setting standards for resettlement work, dis- • The Section successfully negotiated with seminating them, and monitoring their consistent Governments for the provision of adequate application, including the compilation of world- quotas for 2001 and ensured their effective wide statistics, providing guidance and training in use. Selection missions and dossier submissions resettlement policies and procedures to UNHCR continued to be carefully co-ordinated in con- staff and NGO and government partners. The Sec- sultation with the appropriate field offices, tion assessed resettlement needs and established Bureaux, and resettlement countries. priorities for the resettlement of refugees, given the • Active support and guidance to emerging resettle- availability of resettlement places. ment countries also continued. In addition, the Section expeditiously processed the files of 250 The discovery of the corruption scam in UNHCR’s refugees who were in need of emergency resettle- Nairobi office and various other reports on allega- ment. The Section remained engaged in moni- tions of corruption in several field offices high- toring the use of quotas by UNHCR field offices lighted the need to take corrective measures in the which had been allocated to various regions/ management of overall protection activities which countries by the USA, Australia, Canada and impact on resettlement processes, as well as on the New Zealand. standardisation of resettlement systems. • Dialogue with resettlement countries continued through the Working Group on Resettlement Heightened security concerns, which arose follow- (WGR) and Annual Tripartite Consultations ing the terrorist attacks of September 11th, restricted (ATC) mechanisms. This was designed to har- refugee admissions in the United States of America, monise the policies of resettlement countries a major resettlement country. The programme was with those of UNHCR, specifically, with the aim temporarily suspended in late 2001, and is only of encouraging them to diversify their resettle- slowly resuming. Admissions are now under condi- ment intake, increase the level of their quotas,

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and allow flexible allocation of quotas by Sweden, in April 2001. Some 265 participants region, country, or populations. from governments, inter-governmental organi- • The expansion of the number of resettlement sations, non-governmental organisations, countries from 10 in 1996 to 17 in 2001 required a UNHCR staff, as well as 50 former refugees heavy involvement by the Section – in capacity- from twenty resettlement countries attended the building and case selection for these countries. ICRIRR, which was hosted by the Swedish • An integration expert was sent to Brazil and National Integration Office. Emerging resettle- Chile to follow up on integration initiatives ment countries participated in the planning and supported by Nordic countries. Significant implementation of the conference, which progress has been made: Brazil identified two provided excellent opportunities to exchange placement sites for refugees arriving in early views on best practices with the traditional 2002, and a Brazilian selection mission identified resettlement countries. 45 Afghan refugees for resettlement. Chile con- • The Section continued to provide guidance and ducted a selection mission to Azerbaijan in April operational support to Benin and Burkina Faso 2001, and nine Afghan refugee cases were as emerging resettlement countries in order to accepted. The integration of the Afghan refugees strengthen their overall programmes for selec- in Chile has been successful and future selection tion and integration of refugees. In this regard, missions are being planned. a joint mission (DIP/Africa Bureau) was carried • Training continues to be an essential component out to Benin and Burkina Faso to assess the of UNHCR’s strategy to strengthen and harmo- situation of resettled refugees and to make con- nise the implementation of resettlement activi- crete recommendations about next steps to be ties in the field and enhance staff competencies. taken to strengthen the integration programmes Joint training of UNHCR staff and resettlement in the resettlement and protection capacity of partners reinforces the relationships necessary government and NGO counterparts. for the effective identification and assessment of resettlement needs. Fraud awareness and inte- Voluntary Separation and gration issues have been mainstreamed into Special Staff Costs training programmes. Another element of the Resettlement Section’s training activities is its The Voluntary Separation Programme is designed cooperation with the Department of Interna- to mitigate the effects of staff reductions by tional Protection’s Protection Learning Pro- providing incentives for voluntary separation gramme, which includes a unit dedicated to and early retirement. Special staff costs include resettlement. expenditure related to staff who are in between • The Section organised regional training work- assignments and waiting to be reassigned to a new shops in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in March and in duty station. Moscow, Russian Federation, in June 2001. Training sessions were also held in Washington and Canada for governmental and non- Other Activities governmental partners, in Nairobi for UNHCR staff in the East and Horn of Africa and the Protection-related Activities Great Lakes Region. • During the reporting period, the Resettlement Refugee Status Determination (RSD) Section placed considerable emphasis upon the The RSD project, established in late 1999, to assist development of an Integration Initiative to UNHCR offices in clearing increasing backlogs in enhance the capacity in both traditional and refugee status determination, continued to support emerging resettlement countries to ensure UNHCR ﬁeld ofﬁces and, in some cases, also govern- resettlement as a tool of protection and a durable ments. With the restructuring of the Department of solution. A key event within the broader International Protection in August 2001, the RSD Integration Initiative was the International Project was placed within the Protection Capacity Conference on the Reception and Integration of Section to put more emphasis on the training and Resettled Refugees (ICRIRR), held in Norrköping, the capacity-building aspects of the project. In

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2001, the project provided staff, training, technical humanitarian workers based in the field. During support and advice to UNHCR offices, helping to 2001, eleven training events took place in eight reduce backlogs and improve the standards of RSD field locations and training modules were deve- practices. Support was provided to UNHCR offices loped in two languages. Global Programmes in South Africa, Ecuador, Costa Rica, the Syrian Arab Republic, Kenya, Cyprus and Jordan. UNHCR continued its co-operation with the Inter- national Association of Refugee Law judges Protection Staff Training (IARLJ) whose aims are to encourage harmonisa- In 2001, the protection-learning programme conti- tion of the practice, procedure and interpretation of nued to form the core of protection training for refugee law. UNHCR supported the IARLJ in orga- UNHCR staff. Its aim is to promote a common nising a regional conference in South Africa and a understanding of UNHCR’s protection mandate and refugee law-training workshop in Tanzania. related international legal standards and enhance staff’s ability to apply such standards in their daily Through capacity-building endeavours for refugee work. Four sessions of the pro-gramme commenced status determination, UNHCR co-operated with in 2000, were completed in 2001 and have beneﬁted several governments who seconded experienced approximately 90 participants. Regional workshops adjudicators to UNHCR operations, for instance in were held in Kenya, Nepal and Spain. Five more ses- South Africa and Pakistan. sions, for 150 participants were launched in August and October 2001, to be completed in 2002. The pro- The Action Group on Migration and Asylum tection learning programmes was complemented by (AGAMI), a joint UNHCR/IOM initiative, was offi- specialized workshops in refugee status determina- cially launched in 2001. The terms of reference for tion and statelessness. this initiative include research and consultations on migration and asylum issues. So far, the first Protection and Refugee Law Training AGAMI meeting focussed on the terms of reference Three training courses were held during the year in and statistical matters. A joint UNHCR/IOM paper collaboration with the International Institute of on the interface between asylum and migration Humanitarian Law. The participants were drawn was submitted to UNHCR’s 52nd ExCom. There from among government officials dealing with are plans to address issues related to interception refugee issues, refugee law judges, practitioners, on the high seas and the return of persons whose and representatives of NGOs involved in refugee refugee claims have been rejected. programmes or human rights activities and academics teaching refugee law. Resettlement Activities and Projects Promotion of Refugee Law, Advocacy and Strengthening Partnerships Resourcing resettlement activities adequately – In 2001, UNHCR continued its activities in the pro- both in the field and at HQ, has continued to motion and advocacy of international refugee law present a challenge in 2001. In order to carry out and principles. It also continued its efforts to resettlement activities despite continuing financial strengthen and broaden partnerships in support of constraints, the Resettlement Section has expanded its protection mandate and the effective use of its partnership with the International Catholic human rights and international humanitarian law Migration Commission (ICMC) in the implementa- in refugee protection. tion of the Resettlement Deployment Scheme.

The Reach Out Project started in 2000. The main In addition to the Resettlement Deployment Scheme, objective is to improve the collaboration and co- the Section has supported various programmes in operation between UNHCR and NGOs through UNHCR field offices in India, Turkey, the Islamic consultations. It is also designed to underscore the Republic of Iran, Pakistan and Moscow. More than importance of the role of NGOs in the delivery of 25 staff members were hired under this administra- refugee protection and enhance refugee protection tive arrangement. awareness, as well as the knowledge and skills of

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In a collaborative effort with the International Research/Evaluation and Rescue Committee (IRC) and the US Government, Documentation UNHCR continued to implement the UNHCR/IRC Resettlement Outreach project in Pakistan. The A number of evaluation projects were initiated in project identified more than 700 vulnerable refu- the course of 2001, the most important of which was gees for resettlement who would not otherwise an independent review of the impact of UNHCR’s have benefited from resettlement. The majority of activities in meeting the protection needs of refugee these cases were women-at-risk and medical cases. children. EPAU was responsible for reviews of The project is the first of its kind, designed to iden- UNHCR’s work with IDPs (in Angola and Sri Lanka), tify vulnerable refugees for resettlement in a pro- its reintegration programmes (in Liberia and South- tracted situation in collaboration with NGOs. East Asia), and its efforts to protect the physical security of refugees (in Kenya and Tanzania). In Despite some setbacks in the emerging country addition, the evaluation work programme for 2001 resettlement programmes, the Resettlement Section included a review of UNHCR’s role in strengthen- continues to pursue these projects as represent an ing national NGOs, a review of UNHCR’s policy on important way forward to promote regional solu- refugees in urban areas, and a review of UNHCR’s tions and expand the commitment to the 1951 Con- role and activities in relation to statelessness. vention and the concept of global responsibility- sharing. The Resettlement Section will continue to Private Sector and Public play a catalytic role in identifying and responding to the needs of the emerging resettlement countries. Affairs Activities Public Affairs/Awareness building In a climate of diminishing resources within UNHCR, and with the closure of offices after In 2001, the Public Affairs unit pursued dual objec- Action 2, there has been an increased demand for tives of generating public support for UNHCR and the use of resources under this Project by field offi- refugees, and of supporting fund raising efforts in ces for a longer period than originally planned. As the private sector. A number of strategies were a result of the increased demands, additional fund- employed, primarily public service advertising, ing was required to continue to support activities special events and goodwill ambassadors. in the field. Although the output in terms of quantity and quality has been important, efforts were The “Respect” campaign, re-launched in winter/ made so that the Deployment Scheme be confirmed spring 2001 with two new 30-second TV spots, as a complement to protection staff activities rather proved highly successful world-wide. It won over than a substitute to UNHCR regular protection USD 33 million in free television broadcast time staff. The Deployment Scheme requires adequate and free full/double page colour advertisements in regular protection staff to provide supervision and print media in over 50 countries around the world. ensure a high quality of the work by the deployees, In May, a major special event – the annual “Pavarotti as well as the integrity of the process. and Friends” televised concert featuring many artists including Michael Douglas, Catherine Voluntary Repatriation Zeta-Jones, Tom Jones, Barry White, Deep Purple, Celia Cruz and Bono from U2 – was dedicated During 2001, material assistance was provided to to UNHCR. Proceeds from the concert in Italy, as refugees who wished to repatriate voluntarily, and well as media campaigns mounted around the whose assistance needs were not covered under event, raised more than USD three million for any other UNHCR projects. This included confir- Afghan refugee women and children. In addition mation that conditions for repatriation were satis- to the funds, the event generated major editorial factory, that the return was feasible, that proper coverage and photo features in the media. travel and identification documentation were in order, and that appropriate travel arrangements In August, a new Goodwill Ambassador (GWA) – were made. Travel arrangements for these persons American actress Angelina Jolie – was chosen (see were made in coordination with IOM. box). Ms. Jolie has spoken articulately, and often,

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Italy: “Pavarotti and Friends” Concert in Modena which raised USD 2 million in Pakistan in favour of Afghan refugee children. D. Venturelli

about her concern for refugees generating television full-page advertisements in print media such as and print media editorial coverage worth several The Economist and Newsweek. million dollars. Particularly noteworthy were her comments as “person of the year” in Rolling Stone With the discontinuation of the 50th Anniversary (readership over four million) and a post 11 Unit in mid-2001, the Public Affairs Unit took over September appearance speaking out for refugees the overall responsibility for World Refugee Day. on Larry King Live (CNN – over five million In preparation for World Refugee Day 2002, the viewers worldwide). A staunch supporter of Unit developed and produced a World Refugee UNHCR’s educational materials, she was a keynote Day Toolkit meant to assist country ofﬁces and speaker at a national teachers conference in National Associations in the organisation of events Washington DC in November. and activities.

Regional Goodwill Ambassadors continued their The dissemination of educational materials remained advocacy activities, particularly Egyptian actor a priority throughout 2001. During the second half Adel Imam, who performed benevolently in an of the year, several of the most popular existing Arab language public awareness campaign to be educational materials (including Refugee Children, launched in 2003. The longest serving GWA, Barbara Refugee Teenagers, and Human Rights, Refugees Hendricks, played a key role as Board Member of and UNHCR) were reprinted in English, French the Refugee Education Trust. A strategy document and Spanish in large quantities and distributed to for GWA’s was drafted and is expected to be country offices and, upon request, to schools and adopted by senior management in early 2002. teachers worldwide.

During the end-of-year holiday period, the Giorgio Partnership with organisations such as the World Armani Group launched a precedent setting cor- Organisation of the Scout Movement continued in porate support initiative for UNHCR, in favour of 2001. The Office will participate in the next World Afghan refugees, which included a major aware- Scout Jamboree in Thailand in December 2002. ness/fund raising campaign with sponsored Collaboration is on – going with the International

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The High Commissioner Appoints New UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador

On 27 August 2001, Angelina Jolie was appointed UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador by the High Commissioner Ruud Lubbers. The cere- mony, held at UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva, was attended by staff and journalists from around the world.

As UNHCR’s Goodwill Ambassador, Ms. Jolie will help educate the public not only about the plight of refugees, but also about the perse- verance and courage they show in overcoming all odds to rebuild their lives.

In 2001, Ms. Jolie went with UNHCR field officers to meet with refugees in Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, Cambodia and Pakistan. She kept personal journals about her mission experiences, which are published on the website http://www.usaforunhcr.org/journal/ UNHCR HQ in Geneva: Actress Angelina Jolie was named Goodwill Ambassador. UNHCR / S. Hooper. In October, Ms. Jolie met with refugees resettled in Atlanta, USA, speaking with various UNHCR partners in resettlement projects. In November, she participated in a national teachers’ conference in Washington D.C. where she addressed over 5,000 teachers and school principals about her concern for refugees, urging studies focused on tolerance and respect for human rights. Ms. Jolie promotes UNHCR’s educational materials at every opportunity.

Of her work with UNHCR and her encounters with refugees, Ms. Jolie says: “You go to these refugee camps, and you realise what life’s really about and what people are going through. I honestly want to help. I think we all want justice and equality, a chance for a life with meaning. All of us would like to believe that if we were in a bad situation someone would help us. We can all make a difference”.

In addition to giving generously of her time as well as her invaluable ongoing efforts to bring refugee concerns to the media spotlight, Ms. Jolie has made major personal donations to UNHCR projects bene- fiting the refugees she has met around the globe.

Ms. Jolie, an American actress, is an Academy Award and three time Golden Globe winner.

Olympic Committee and some of the national sports and train refugee youth to become coaches Olympic committees that donated funds to fix when they depart. Olympic Aid is helping UNHCR playing fields and purchase sports equipment in in some 20 camps in seven countries. selected African, Asian and Central Asian refugee camps. The Fédération internationale de volleyball Nansen Refugee Award selected two refugee camps this year to receive hundreds of volleyballs and some nets and In 2001, the Nansen Refugee Award Committee provided funds to hire the national team players as selected Maestro Luciano Pavarotti as the recipient coaches. Olympic Aid, based in Canada and for the 2001 award. This year also saw the creation founded by Johann Koss, a Norwegian gold medal of a distinct multimedia website section as well as an winner at the Lillehammer Winter Olympics, updated brochure to increase visibility of the award. has developed a project for UNHCR called In particular, considerable attention was given to “coach2coach”. Olympic Aid sends athletics coaches revising the nomination process in order to ensure to refugee camps for up to three years to organise high quality submissions in a timely fashion.

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“Pavarotti and Friends” at his annual concert in made technological improvements to disseminate Modena which raised two million for Afghan refu- information to external audiences more effectively. gee children in Pakistan, 2001. During the Afghanistan emergency, UNHCR effi- Global Programmes UNHCR Library ciently co-ordinated the public information and media services in an environment of colossal media In 2001, some 450 users, UNHCR colleagues and attention following from the events of September external researchers, visited the Library to consult 11. Seven extra Public Information officers (four refugee literature. The Library also handled some from Headquarters and three from other opera- 7,800 information requests relating to country tions around the world) were swiftly deployed to situations, legal and protection issues. The Library the region from September to November, reinforc- distributed the 2000 edition of KIMS on ing the existing UNHCR capacity in the region. In CD-ROM mainly to UNHCR offices in the field particular, UNHCR stationed experienced spokes- and the REFWORLD CD to external subscribers. persons in Islamabad, Pakistan and in the two bor- der cities where large media contingents were pres- In co-operation with other UNHCR services and ent. International PI officers were also deployed to Oxford University Press, the Library published the Islamic Republic of Iran. UNHCR, as a result, four issues of the Refugee Survey Quarterly was able to maintain the issue of refugee protection (RSQ). A special issue, published in collaboration on a prominent level with the 3,000 – 4,000 journalists with DIP, was devoted to the Global Consultations and broadcasters present in the region. However, and was distributed to government delegates the scale of the crisis meant that, even with the during the Ministerial Conference held in the increased standby capacity built up over the past UN Palais des Nations (12 to 13 December 2001). two years, UNHCR was not able to provide a At the same time, the International Thesaurus of spokesperson in Central Asia. Refugee Terminology was updated and fully restructured, and changes incorporated into a new The organisation’s prominence on the ground and Thesaurus database. the provision of daily news updates on its new global website (see Headquarters chapter for Visitors’ Centre details on the redesigned website) and at press briefings in the region and in Geneva increased With the aim to strengthen the visibility of UNHCR interest in UNHCR’s point of view in many coun- in Geneva, the Visitors’ Centre welcomed approxi- tries around the world, and especially in the main mately 6,000 visitors, individuals and groups. At media hubs. The media hub system had qualified the International Book Fair in Geneva (from 27 PI staff in some 20 offices worldwide in 2001. The April to 1 May) about 3,000 individuals visited the system functioned reasonably well in some parts of UNHCR stand. UNHCR participated in the Con- the world particularly in Europe and North America. cert against Racism, organised by the United Co-ordinated, coherent and consistent flow of Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, information between the PI staff in the field offices and in the exhibition “Genève: un lieu pour la paix”. and at Headquarters was maintained. However, During the UN Open Doors in October, a refugee budget constraints and other factors meant that tent and a UNHCR stand were set up, and visitors the system is not yet up to full capacity in either were offered demonstrations of the Microsoft Africa or Asia. registration kit. For information on the fundraising activities of PSPA, please refer to the Chapter on A UNHCR-supported global project examining Funding UNHCR’s Programmes. refugee and asylum issues worldwide, “Right to Refuge,” was broadcast by BBC World Service in Public Information and nine languages. A dedicated BBC website on Media Projects “Right to Refuge” was also started and will remain online throughout 2002. The High Commissioner During 2001, UNHCR increased the capacity of the attended the launch of this groundbreaking series Media Relations and Public Information Services and at BBC Bush House in London in July and later

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participated in a special, one-hour World Service ity during the refugee crisis in Guinea, and the high- “Talking Point” presentation that was broadcast profile visits by the High Commissioner to West and webcast live worldwide. Africa, Afghanistan and the surrounding region. The Tampa boat people crisis in September was one UNHCR’s video and publications capacity was of the year’s other major events, in terms of global stretched to its limits due to the increased demand media interest. PI staff in field offices, in addition to for information during the Afghanistan crisis and their daily media work, were also heavily involved the need to constantly update the website. This in major public awareness events to commemorate meant that UNHCR had to accommodate a host of the 50th Anniversary of the 1951 Refugee Conven- extra demands in addition to regular, planned tion and the first-ever World Refugee Day. productions on the world of refugees. However, output of video materials to television stations The events and aftermath of September 11 had an increased substantially during 2001. News edits impact on virtually all UNHCR media and public provided by UNHCR to the European Broadcasting information operations worldwide. Anti-refugee Union (EBU), the world’s biggest television news campaigners received an unfortunate stimulus and distributor, tripled from 12 edits in 1999 to 35 in were quick to adapt the situation to suit their 2001, in addition to an increase in other types of existing xenophobic agenda. This has also created video production. Video images or on occasion, an increasingly difficult environment for asylum- entire videos were provided, directly on request, to seekers. about 30 television stations and other broadcasters. Video materials were also produced for a number Training-related Projects of educational and fund-raising projects. The audio-video studio was used for several live and The main objective of UNHCR’s Staff Development recorded interviews with the High Commissioner, Strategy (SDS) is to make “just-in-time” learning senior managers and PI officers throughout opportunities available to all staff in all locations in the year. such a manner as to exert a measurable impact on job performance and future career goals. The Senior Mass Information officer spent more than six months in UNHCR field offices, providing The success of a flexible learning approach contin- assistance in initiating and managing regional ued to be seen through the high enrolment of staff mass information programmes in West Africa, in the four new nine-month learning programmes. Pakistan/Afghanistan and The former Yugoslav In 2001, the refined Protection Learning Pro- Republic of Macedonia. Teams of information gramme was launched and another programme for assistants gathered information on “conditions more experienced protection staff will be deve- of return” in specific areas, packaged it and then loped in 2002. These core protection programmes disseminated the information to refugees, host continued to be supplemented by other learning communities and other targeted audiences using a opportunities on refugee status determination, variety of media. The Afghanistan regional mass resettlement, statelessness and other topics. The information network built on the existing relation- Operations Management Learning Programme was ship with the BBC World Service Trust, and daily piloted in 2001 and adapted to include lessons broadcasts of UNHCR-supported humanitarian learned from the pilot version. The completed ver- bulletins in Persian and Pashtu were made available. sion will be made available to all staff in 2002. These broadcasts reach large audiences throughout the region. The Office provided flexible and timely access for staff to important skill sets, including communica- As a result of the strong, co-ordinated responses tion, information technology, health, welfare and from headquarters and field offices, in September safety, and personal effectiveness. UNHCR also and October, UNHCR’s media profile rose to its made efforts to provide training to implementing highest level since the war in Bosnia in the mid partners in key areas, such as protection, emer- 1990s. Earlier in the year, headquarters PI officers gency management, programme management and were also deployed to the field to strengthen visibil- security awareness.

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In 2001, 20 per cent of the training budget conti- The bulk of the resources are being allocated to nued to be decentralised to offices in the field, to Africa, where the majority of the beneficiaries allow them to manage their own local learning ini- originate. In 2001, the programme also focused on tiatives. SDS also provided further support to Afghan refugees (28 per cent of the beneficiaries). Global Programmes Training Co-ordinators in their functions to increase the possibilities for staff to develop their skills and Female participation in the programme remained increase their opportunities for postings. stable, at 35 per cent in 2001. Efforts were made to achieve 50 per cent participation of girls. The main Emergency-related Projects obstacle here was the shortage of qualified female secondary-school graduates. In 2001, UNHCR increased its storage capacity of non-food items, including plastic sheeting, kitchen By the end of 2001, the Houphouët-Boigny Peace sets, blankets, jerry cans, at its Central Emergency Prize Scholarship programme (provided a limited Stockpile in Copenhagen. Previous stocks suffi- number of secondary scholarships to a total of 100 cient to meet the emergency needs of 200,000 refugee students (mainly from Sierra Leone and people, were increased by 25 per cent to cover the Sudan) in Ghana and Uganda. Over half of the needs of 250,000 people. In addition, UNHCR students were female participants. explored the possibility of accessing external humanitarian emergency stockpiles with govern- NGO-related Projects ments with the objective of doubling the quantity of items required. From its foundation in 1951, collaboration with non-governmental organisations (NGOs) has been Situational preparedness was reinforced through a well-ingrained part of UNHCR’s operations. four workshops on emergency management. These UNHCR recognises that with increasing complex took place in Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Qatar and crisis situations, the challenge of providing Uzbekistan. The workshops aimed at addressing protection and material assistance to refugees can preparedness issues in the specific regions. A total be best met through constructive NGO partner- of 172 people benefited from the training, includ- ships. During 2001, UNHCR entered into project ing 89 UNHCR staff, 83 local government officials, agreements with 573 NGOs (426 national and UN agencies and NGOs. 147 international) to implement operational activities for refugees and other populations of Three workshops for emergency managers (WEM) concern to UNHCR. for the preparation of the ERT rosters were held in France, Germany and Spain. A total of 116 Throughout the year, NGOs played an active role people from UNHCR and external standby in the Global Consultations on International Pro- partners, as well as a few non-deployable govern- tection examining trends in refugee law and ment officials and staff from UN agencies and informing decision-makers formulating refugee NGOs participated. policy. Prior to the 52nd Session of the Executive Committee (ExCom) to UNHCR, over 200 repre- Education Projects sentatives from 168 NGOs attended the Pre- Executive Committee consultations to examine a During 2001, the Albert Einstein Academic Scholar- broad range of operational issues of concern to par- ship Programme for Refugees (DAFI), funded ticipating agencies. The three-day meeting featured by the Government of Germany, sponsored 1,100 four main panel discussions, examining partner- refugee students at the tertiary education level in ship with NGOs, the role of NGOs in refugee pro- 49 countries. The objectives of the DAFI scholar- tection, migration, human smuggling, asylum, and ship programme are to contribute to the self- IDPs. The outcome of the Pre-ExCom consultations reliance of individual refugees as well as to gene- provided input into the joint NGO-statement made rate skilled human resources, preferably for post- by the International Council of Voluntary Agencies conflict recovery after repatriation, or integration (ICVA) on behalf of the NGO community at the in the region. ExCom meeting.

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In September 2001, the High Commissioner esta- strengthening the humanitarian emergency blished a Task Force on Partnerships to ensure that response capacity of regional networks in the the Ofﬁce makes a concerted effort to promote and Asia–Pacific region. It directly benefited the NGO enhance co-operation with a range of actors working community both in Japan and in the wider Asia- with refugees and others of concern to the Ofﬁce. One Pacific region (government officials as well as UN of the two sub-working groups focused on NGOs. It staff). In 2001, training programmes were held in reviewed the existing status of UNHCR’s partner- Japan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Japan and Australia – ships with NGOs as well as selected trends of targeting local clusters of NGOs. Further informa- UNHCR funding of NGOs. Two separate half-day tion can be obtained from the eCentre website at retreats brought together 32 UNHCR staff and repre- www.the-ecentre.net. sentatives of 12 NGOs to verify key strategic issues and they focused on concrete suggestions for follow- Linking Humanitarian up. The key recommendations of the working group Assistance and Development which were endorsed by the Office included: increased focus on national NGOs, improved guide- The search for durable solutions for refugees often lines to disseminate the letter and spirit of the Frame- implies the creation of a conducive environment work Agreement on Operational Support (FAOP) to for socio-economic interaction between refugees/returnees and local populations. Only then can they become self-reliant and active contributors to the local socio- economic development. This requires a comprehensive and coherent approach from governments, donors, UN agencies, NGOs, development actors and should aim to also include refugees/returnees in national development planning at an early stage. The successful reintegration of refugees in post- conflict situations remains one of the most difficult challenges for UNHCR. Working towards this in 2001, the Office continued to reinforce its partnership efforts to build and advocate for joint planning and programming with development agencies.

Building on the 2000 initiatives, UNHCR, at the beginning of

Sierra Leone: Destroyed villages had to be reconstructed from scratch. Returnees busy 2001, committed itself to seeking rebuilding their homes. UNHCR / W. Spindler to ease the transition from humanitarian assistance to long- field offices, establishing strategic alliances with term development by forging stronger and more NGOs, and reconfiguration of the PARinAC process. predictable partnerships with development actors. These partnerships, underpinned by field initia- The Regional Centre for Emergency Training in tives, would enable UNHCR to take up its role International Humanitarian Response (eCentre) in assisting refugees in their search for durable established in Japan in August 2000 aimed at solutions.

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The activities undertaken during the year included: • A review of the MOU with WFP is planned to strengthen the socio-economic empowerment • The further strengthening of partnerships with of refugees and returnees, promoting their Bilateral Development Institutes. self-reliance. Global Programmes • A network of inter-agency support for reintegration was created for Afghanistan, Sierra UNHCR continued to pursue partnership initia- Leone, Eritrea, Burundi, Sri Lanka and for local tives with other development agencies, such as the integration in Armenia, Serbia and Georgia. World Bank, DANIDA, NORAD, USAID, DFID In Zambia, UNHCR played a catalytic role in and the French Development Co-operation, to the Zambia Initiative where a joint effort name but a few. It participated in multilateral involving Government/UNHCR and donors initiatives like the Post-conflict Engagement Group created a platform for the development of the in Rwanda, the informal network of Conflict, Peace western province, one of the poorest provinces and Development Cooperation (CPDC) of the in the country. The project was designed to Development Assistance Committee (DAC), and benefit the local population and the refugees bi-annual meetings of the Conflict Prevention and hosted in the area. Post-conflict Reconstruction Network (CPR), to • The partnership with the Japan International strengthen the network on peace building. Co-operation Agency (JICA) resulted in a staff exchange initiated at the end of 2001, allowing for deeper knowledge and co-operation on development projects in refugee-hosting areas (Tanzania and Zambia). The possibility of collaboration for reintegration of returnees is also under consider- ation for Myanmar and Afghanistan. • Support in the form of Management Informa- tion Systems for joint planning and co-ordination of activities were developed in Sierra Leone, Burundi, Eritrea, Pakistan and Afghanistan. • The partnership with the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) is allowing for an integrated approach to rehabilitation and reconstruction in areas of return in Sierra Leone under the ReAct concept. This integrated approach, which takes advantage of GTZ’s development expertise and UNHCR’s protection role, is aimed at accommodating returning refugees, IDPs and ex-combatants who return simultaneously, sometimes to totally destroyed communities. The synergy between GTZ’s development expertise and UNHCR’s protection role is expected to contribute to making the return more sustainable. • A partnership with ILO led to the preparation of a draft training manual on microfinance in conflict-affected communities. It is expected to be published in 2002. ILO also provided technical expertise in micro-finance for projects aimed at increasing the economic self- sufficiency of refugees and returnees in India, Rwanda, Uganda, Somalia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

UNHCR Global Report 2001 – 81 >> ) USD ( Annual Supplementary Supplementary Annual and Trust Fundsand Trust Funds and Trust Programme BudgetProgramme Budget Programme Income Contribution Income Contribution Project 1,250,000 1,250,000 0 0 ”

” Human Security 0 0 941,583 941,583 1 “ Imagine Co-Existence Global Consultations on “ 0 0 25,000 25,000 Global Consultations on Global Consultations on 0 0 48,701 48,701 International Protection International Protection International Protection AwarenessNansen Award Nansen Award SecurityStaff 194,017 194,017 48,754 487,541 48,754 0 487,541 0 0 0 0 0 Preparedness Support to Commission and AdolescentsRefugee Children International Protection 43,406 43,406 0 0 International Protection Refugee Children Refugee Women, and Adolescents 243,506Evaluation ActivitiesResettlement Activities 243,506 SecurityStaff International Protection 487,013 0 70,954 487,013 70,954 0 239,808 239,808 0 0 0 0 0 0 International Protection Voluntary Contributions – Restricted – Restricted Contributions Voluntary (FRA) and Adolescents Refugee Children 13,114 13,114 0 0 s é fugi é – UNHCR Global Report 2001 Australia Global Consultations on 0 0 49,579 49,579 SwitzerlandUK for UNHCR (GBR)UNHCR-50 Foundation (SWI) Fund for Human UN Trust Japan) Security (Gov, Refugee Women and Adolescents Refugee Children Nansen Award 94,666 94,666 22,000 22,000 0 50,000 50,000 0 0 0 0 0 Private Donors JapanPrivate Donors SwitzerlandQatar Charitable Society (QAT)Sweden and Adolescents Preparedness Refugee Children Emergency and Adolescents Refugee Children 11,005 406 26,655 11,005 406 26,655 Global Programmes/Ops 0 0 2,416,666 0 2,416,666 0 0 0 0 0 Private Donors AustriaPrivate Donors Germany and Adolescents Refugee Children and Adolescents Refugee Children 10,710 140 10,710 140 0 0 0 0 Sensing Centre (NOR) Sensing Centre Netherlands Global Consultations on 0 0 104,782 104,782 Japan Association for UNHCR (JPN) Refugee Women 7,783 7,783 0 0 GermanyItalyJapan Education Gender Equity and Children Women, Security/Emergency Staff 287,658 287,658 610,000 1,665,136 610,000 1,665,136 0 0 0 0 0 0 Denmark and Adolescents Children Refugee 119,904 119,904 0 0 Australia for UNHCR (AUL)BermudaCanada and Adolescents Refugee Children 287,724 287,724 Resettlement Activities Security 0 5,000 0 5,000 324,675 324,675 0 0 0 0 DonorAction R Earmarking 82 Norway Global Consultations on 0 0 25,000 25,000 Luxembourg and Remote Nansen Environ. Activities Environmental Global Consultations on 11,352 11,352 0 0 0 0 45,914 45,914 European CommissionEuropean Global Consultations on 0 0 106,857 106,857

Global Programmes 75190 Introduction 13/06/02 15:59 Side 82 15:59 13/06/02 Introduction 75190 75190 Introduction13/06/0215:59Side83 S o NC UA eue oe 0 0 0 0 900 900 0 0 0 RefugeeWomen 2 1 0 TOTAL 1,000,000 USA forUNHCR(USA) 0 1,000,000 2,898,551 0 Emergency Preparedness 2,898,551 United StatesofAmerica 815,000 Protection Activities 815,000 Reproductive Health United Kingdom UNF/UNFIP (Ted Turner) (USA) Total fundsavailableforobligationintheregion alsoincludedunrestricted voluntarycontributions,lightlyrestricted contr For more informationonthevariousearmarkings,pleaserefer totheDonorProfiles. 1 tf euiy100001000000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150,000 0 0 1,000,000 150,000 1,000,000 0 200,000 710,349 802,000 0 0 200,000 710,349 200,000 0 802,000 0 200,000 0 0 0 0 395,000 0 5,000,000 Staff Security Resettlement Activities 5,000,000 395,000 Refugee Women 1,000,000 0 0 Refugee Children andAdolescents 0 0 1,000,000 Peace Education Global Programmes/Ops Protection International 29,875 1,449,275 942,029 Protection International 1,449,275 29,875 Global Consultationson 942,029 Field Safety OMS-Integrated SystemsProjects Emergency Preparedness Documentation and Adolescents Global Consultationson Research, Evaluationand Refugee Women, RefugeeChildren 546812,8,6 ,0,6 2,207,765 2,207,765 25,486,861 25,486,861 2,3 2,3 0 0 724,638 724,638 NC lblRpr 01– UNHCR GlobalReport2001 ibutions, openingbalancesandadjustments. 83

Global Programmes mme Budget for ) USD ( Project (USD 604,100), provision of short-term consultancies (USD 208,000), (USD 604,100), provision Project ” Includes Staff Housing (USD 231,368) and Information Technology Services for field operations such Housing (USD 231,368) and Information Technology Includes Staff Revised Budget Expenditure Imagine Co-existence “ Includes costs of the Emergency Response Service and costs for the Field Safety Section. Response Service and costs Includes costs of the Emergency and Trust and Trust Budget and Expenditure and Expenditure Budget 512,500 0 512,500 308,217 0 308,217 Annual Supplementary Annual Supplementary Budget Budget and Budget Budget and 1,769,610 801,583 2,571,193 1,380,458 756,573 2,137,031 3,498,881 0 3,498,881 3,027,286 0 3,027,286 6,939,4462,641,593 0 0 6,939,446 2,641,593 4,632,587 2,595,946 0 0 4,632,587 2,595,946 Programme Programme Programme Programme 4 Includes core systems for Financial Services (expenditure amounting to USD 3,842,437), the Supply Chain (USD 455,690) systems for Financial Services (expenditure Includes core Includes mainly 2 3 Includes development of processes and procedures. Includes development of processes 1 5 – UNHCR Global Report 2001 s Support for Resettlement Activities 212,000 0 212,000 173,955 0 173,955 ’ Integrated Systems Project (ISP): Integrated Systems Project Emergency Security Service: (USD 2,595,946) Support Activities: (USD 3,027,286) Other Programmes Miscellaneous: (USD 2,137,01) OMS Framework: support to the Human Security Commission (USD 756,573). UNHCR 50th Anniversary (USD 148,000), Insurance costs, logistics (USD 292,000), as well as costs under the Supplementary Progra UNHCR 50th Anniversary (USD 148,000), Insurance costs, logistics (USD 292,000), as well as costs under as well as Intranet Services (USD 334,460) as software development, telecommunications, e-mail-user services etc. amounting to USD 2,795,918 development, telecommunications, e-mail-user services etc. amounting as software 3 4 5 Education ProjectsNGO-Related ProjectsMiscellaneous Sub-total 19,927,992TOTAL 1,524,2621 2 21,452,254 109,882 250,000 15,093,925 1,276,573 0 16,370,498 0 58,328,494 109,882 250,000 1,524,262 200,000 91,282 59,852,756 46,094,925 1,276,573 0 0 47,371,498 200,000 91,282 Documentation Public Information / Media Projects (including PFSR) ProjectsTraining-Related 6,231,760 ProjectsEmergency-Related 0 2,530,140 453,000 6,231,760 4,552,765 0 0 2,530,140 453,000 0 1,965,976 4,552,765 291,366 0 0 1,965,976 291,366 Other Activities Law and Advocacy of Refugee Promotion Resettlement Projects 767,200 / Projects Protection-Related Repatriation Voluntary / Evaluation and Research 0 1,622,000 3,917,500 767,200 722,679 2,276,900 2,344,679 600,000 0 1,270,774 0 3,917,500 520,000 0 2,276,900 3,394,000 1,790,774 1,347,304 600,000 0 0 3,394,000 1,347,304 HQ Separation and Special Voluntary Costs Staff Support Activities Other Programme 16,012,163 0 16,012,163 13,802,173 0 13,802,173 Programme Support Activities Programme OMS Framework OMS Integrated Systems Project and Security Service Emergency for UNHCR StaffTraining 4,487,600 0 4,487,600 3,352,600 0 3,352,600 Policy Priorities Refugee Women and AdolescentsRefugee Children The Environment4,096,319Sub-total 2,031,385 0 0 789,255 4,096,319 1,275,679 2,031,385 3,108,236 1,481,357 0 0 789,255 0 1,275,679 0 3,108,236 685,579 1,481,357 941,300 0 0 685,579 941,300 Country Funds Trust Funds Total Funds Trust Funds Total 84 Sub-total 34,304,183 0 34,304,183 27,892,764 0 27,892,764

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