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Governance of Contemporary Japan ISS/Shaken International Symposium

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Governance of Contemporary Japan ISS/Shaken International Symposium Governance of Contemporary Japan ISS/Shaken International Symposium Edited by Symposium Committee, Institute of Social Science Contents Preface page ⅴ Contributors ⅶ Symposium Program ⅸ Introduction 1 Kenji Hirashima 1 The Future of the Japanese Welfare State 7 Margarita Estevez-Abe 2 Towards a New Food Governance: Food Policy Reform in the UK and Japan 29 Hiroko Takeda A Comment on Margarita Estevez-Abe and Hiroko Takeda 47 Iwao Sato 3 Corporate Ownership and Governance 53 Wataru Tanaka A Comment on Wataru Tanaka 73 Yupana Wiwattanakantang 4 The Governance of Immigrant Integration in Europe 77 Roland Czada A Comment on Roland Czada 91 Kenji Hirashima 5 Governance in Thailand 93 Kasian Tejapira ⅲ A Comment on Kasian Tejapira 10 1 Akira Suehiro 6 WTO Governance: A Legal Cultural Critique 103 Colin B. Picker A Comment on Colin B. Picker 12 5 Junji Nakagawa ⅳ Preface Akira Suehiro Director of Institute of Social Science First, on behalf of Institute of Social Science (ISS) or Shaken of the University of Tokyo, I would like to express my appreciation to all the people who joined the international symposium held on the 1st of December in 2010. In particular, this symposium has greatly benefited from six speakers who came from abroad to provide us with their insightful ideas on “Governance of Contemporary Japan.” They include Mr. Roland Czada of the University of Osnabruck (Germany), Ms. Margarita Estevez-Abe of Syracuse University (U.S.A.), Mr. Colin B. Picker of the University of New South Wales (Australia), Ms. Hiroko Takeda of the University of Sheffield (U.K.), Mr. Kasian Tejapira of Thammasat University (Thailand), and Ms. Yupana Wiwattanakantang of the National University of Singapore. ISS members who also contributed include Mr. Wataru Tanaka who spoke on corporate governance, while both Mr. Iwao Sato and Mr. Junji Nakagawa provided comments on Tanaka’s paper and Picker’s paper respectively. Mr. Kenji Hirashima was fully responsible for managing the two time-consuming tasks of organizing the symposium and editing the symposium proceedings. As our logo, the so-called “throwing knife with four blades,” illustrates, the research scope of ISS extends across four of the social sciences—law, political science, economics and sociology—and a geographic scope that stretches beyond Japan to include East Asia, Europe and the Americas. The mission of ISS is to carry out empirical studies of an interdisciplinary and international nature from various theoretical, historical and comparative perspectives to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the social, political and economic issues facing Japan and the world. In the 1990s, the ISS began to internationalize its activities. Under the slogan of “kokusaika,” we have attempted to reorganize ISS into an international hub for research on contemporary Japan through inviting distinguished foreign researchers and the publication of a peer-reviewed English language journal (Social Science Japan Journal) in collaboration with the Oxford University Press. At the same time, we also launched international academic exchange programs with major universities and institutes across the world. As a part of these activities, we have periodically organized ISS/Shaken ⅴ international symposiums to promote interaction between Japanese and international researchers. The 2010 conference was the 24th ISS/Shaken international symposium. Among fifteen international symposiums over the past decade, the largest one was held in November 2006 with the title of “Current and Future Trajectories of Social Science Research on Japan.” We invited eleven distinguished scholars from leading universities and institutions in East Asia (Korea, China, Thailand, Indonesia), Europe (Italy, Germany, France, U.K.), and the United States (see ISS Research Series, no. 29, August 2007). Apart from this major symposium, we also have organized a variety of international workshops which focused on topics such as regionalism, gender problems, the lost decade of the Japanese economy, and the social sciences of hope. The 2010 conference was designed to explore the concept of governance from two approaches: empirical studies of governance in Japan and cross-national comparisons of Japan and other regions. The first group of presenters focused on various aspects of governance in Japan in its food supply, welfare provision and corporate ownership, while the second group clarified several characteristics of governance in contemporary Japan and elsewhere by discussing governance in the WTO, EU migration policies and the politically contested localization of the concept of governance (thammarat) in Thailand. The papers and responses compiled in this research report are closely connected with topics undertaken in ISS’s recently launched, institute-wide “Joint Research Project on Reconsidering Governance.” This joint research project consist of three teams specializing in studies of corporate governance, livelihood security governance and local governance, that are now working with a sense of renewed purpose to produce academic works beneficial to the restoration and reconstruction of Japanese society after the Great East Japan Earthquake of March 2011. I hope readers of this current report will also give their attention to the activities of our Governance Project teams. Lastly, ISS is greatly indebted to three non-profit organizations that provided us with financial support: the Murata Science Foundation, Nomura Foundation and the Resona Foundation for Asia and Oceania. It would be very difficult for us to achieve successful outcomes without the generous support of these organizations. ⅵ Contributors Roland Czada Professor, Social Science Faculty, University of Osnabrück Margarita Estevez-Abe Associate Professor, Maxwell School, Syracuse University Kenji Hirashima Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo Junji Nakagawa Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo Colin B. Picker Associate Professor, University of New South Wales Iwao Sato Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo Akira Suehiro Director and Professor of Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo Hiroko Takeda Associate Professor, Komaba Organization for Educational Excellence, College of Arts & Sciences, The University of Tokyo (formerly Lecturer, School of East Asian Studies, University of Sheffield) Wataru Tanaka Associate Professor, Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo Kasian Tejapira Professor, Faculty of Political Science, Thammasat University Yupana Wiwattanakantang Associate Professor, National University of Singapore ⅶ ISS/Shaken International Symposium Program Governance of Contemporary Japan December 1st 2010 The University of Tokyo, Hongo Faculty of Agriculture, Yayoi Auditorium, Ichijo Hall 9:30 Opening and Introduction Akira Suehiro (Director, ISS) Kenji Hirashima (ISS) 10:00~ 11:30 Session: Welfare Governance Margarita Estevez-Abe (Syracuse University, USA) “The Future of Japanese Welfare State” Hiroko Takeda (University of Sheffield, UK) “Towards a New Food Governance? : Food Policy Reform in Contemporary Japan” Discussant: Iwao Sato (ISS) Moderator: Mari Osawa (ISS) 11:40 ~ 12:50 Lunch 13:00 ~ 14:00 Session: Corporate Governance Wataru Tanaka (ISS) “Corporate Ownership and Governance” Discussant:, Yupana Wiwattanakantang (National University of Singapore) Moderator: Masaki Nakabayashi (ISS) 14:00 ~ 14:15 Coffee Break 14:15 ~ 16:15 Session: Governance in Asian, European, and Global Context Roland Czada (University of Osnabrück, Germany) “Migrations and European Traditions of Governance” Kasian Tejapira (Thammasat University, Thailand) “Governance in Thailand” Colin Picker (University of New South Wales, Australia) “The Interaction of WTO Governance and Legal Culture” Discussant: Junji Nakagawa (ISS) Moderator: Kaoru Iokibe (ISS) 16:30 ~ 17:30 Podium Discussion: Governance Approaches and ⅸ Contemporary Japan, Closing Remarks M. Osawa, M. Estevez-Abe, K. Tejapira, R. Czada Moderators: K. Hirashima, Naofumi Nakamura (ISS) ⅹ Introduction Kenji Hirashima Few words have such wide currency in the contemporary world as ‘governance’. Only ‘globalization’ likely equals ‘governance’ in terms of rapid ascendancy over the past two decades. Governance has not only come to be widely used among practitioners but has also firmly established itself as a technical term in the social sciences, especially political science and economics. However, its wide acceptance is concomitant with conceptual confusion. Indeed, the term’s vagueness seems to be one reason that it has acquired such prevalence. Taking stock of past academic debates on this highly contested concept, the “Governance of Contemporary Japan” symposium held in December 2010 aimed to elucidate various challenges contemporary Japan faces from the governance perspective, and to add theoretical contributions to this new approach.1 First, let me briefly sketch the historical background of government crises that led to the emergence of the governance approach in political science.2 After WW II, governments of the advanced industrialized countries rapidly expanded their scope of activities for the purpose of solving societal problems. Although substantial differences developed later among regime types, governments commonly built up welfare state regimes. However, with the stagnation of economic growth beginning in the mid-1970s, governments were forced to cut back or restructure their welfare arrangements. Neoliberalism was the primary
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