Element of the Day ­ Nb ( /naɪˈoʊbiәm/) is a with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. It's a soft, grey, ductile transition metal, which is often found in the pyrochlore mineral. The name comes from Greek mythology: , daughter of Tantalus. Niobium has physical and chemical properties similar to those of the element , and the two are therefore difficult to distinguish. The German chemist Heinrich Rose determined in 1846 that tantalum ores contain a second element, which he named niobium. The name of the element was officially adopted as niobium in 1949. It was not until the early 20th century that niobium was first used commercially. Draw the electron configuration for Nb!

1 Chemistry

1. Element of the Day ­5 2. POGIL Activity Review 3. Review Naming Notes 4. Activity

Announcements Due Today: Finish POGIL Activity Due Tuesday, January 7th: Memorize polyatomic ions, quiz Tuesday! Read pages 137 ­ 142 and answer questions 23 ­41 odd. Extra Credit online.

2 Extra Credit Assignment

3 Rules for Naming Type I Ionic Compounds

1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. A simple cation takes its name from the name of the element (example: sodium). 3. A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name and adding ­ide (example: chloride).

4 Table 5.2 ­ Common Type II Cations Ion Systematic Name Older Name Fe3+ iron(III) ferric Fe2+ iron(II) ferrous

Cu2+ copper(II) cupric Cu+ copper(I) cuprous

Co3+ cobalt(III) cobaltic Co2+ cobalt (II) cobaltous

Sn4+ tin(IV) stannic Sn2+ tin(II) stannous

Pb4+ lead(IV) plumbic Pb2+ lead(II) plumbous

Hg2+ mercury(II) mercuric

2+ Hg2 mercury(I) mercurous

5 Type III ­ Naming Compounds that Contain Only Nonmetals

1. The first element in the formula is named first and the full element is used. 2. The second element is named as though it were an anion 3. Prefixes are used to denote numbers of atoms present. 4. The prefix mono­ is never used for the naming the first element (example: CO is named carbon monoxide, NOT monocarbon monoxide).

6 Prefixes to indicate numbers in chemical names Prefix Number indicated mono­ 1 di­ 2 tri­ 3 tetra­ 4 penta­ 5 hexa­ 6 hepta­ 7 octa­ 8

7 Naming Compounds: Polyatomic ions polyatomic ions: are ions that are composed of multiple atoms bound together. oxyanions: series of polyatomic anions that contain an atom of a given element and different numbers of oxygen atoms. Example: ClO­ hypochorite ClO2­ chlorite ClO3­ chlorate ClO4­ perchlorate

8 Names of Common Polyatomic Ions ­Table 5.4, Memorize ALL of these:) Ion Name

+ NH4 ammonia

­ NO2 nitrite

­ NO3 nitrate

2­ SO3 sulfite

2­ SO4 sulfate OH­ hydroxide CN­ cyanide

3­ PO4 phosphate

2­ CO3 carbonate

­ HCO3 hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) ClO­ hypochlorite

­ ClO2 chlorite

­ ClO3 chlorate

­ ClO4 perchlorate

­ C2H3O2 acetate

­ MnO4 permanganate

2­ Cr2O7 dichromate

2­ CrO4 chromate

2­ O2 peroxide

9 HOLIDAY Lab Investigation! :)

10 • Lab ­ Be sure to elect roles • 10 points for working diligently and completing lab investigation 1. Leader ­ ensures everyone is on task, assigns roles, ask questions of Mr. Hart 2. Speaker ­ reports to class. 3. Materials manager ­ procures materials and ensures lab is clean at the end of class. 4. Reader ­ reads lab information/directions aloud to group

11 Rules for Naming Type II Ionic Compounds

1. The cation is always named first and the anion second. 2. Because the cation can assume more than one charge, the charge is specified by a Roman numeral in parenthesis.

12 Practice Problems ­ Name the following a. CuCl b. MnO2 c. AlO3 d. PbO e. KI

13 Practice Problems ­ Answers a. CuCl copper(I) chloride b. MnO2 manganese(IV) oxide c. AlO3 aluminum oxide d. CrCl3 chromium chloride e. PbO lead(II) oxide

14 Exit Question:

What charge does iron have in Fe2O3? a. 0 b. +1 c. +2 d. +3 Reminder(s): Due Today: Finish POGIL Activity Due Tuesday, January 7th: Memorize polyatomic ions, quiz Tuesday! Read pages 137 ­ 142 and answer questions 23 ­ 35 odd, 37­41 odd. Extra Credit online.

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