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Alberta's 1998 Senate Election in the Media CALGARY, ALBERTA FEBRUARY

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Alberta's 1998 Senate Election in the Media CALGARY, ALBERTA FEBRUARY UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Over the Edge of Canadian Politics: Alberta's 1998 Senate Election in the Media A THESIS SUBMIllED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS GRADUATE PROGRAM IN COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES CALGARY, ALBERTA FEBRUARY, 200 1 Bibliothèque nationale du Canada Acquisiions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie SeMces seMces bibliographiques 395 wdlhrgdon Çbeet 395. rw WsPingbn OdlewmON KlAW -ON KlAON4 Caneda Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence aiiowing the exclusive permettant a la NaîionaI Lbrary of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, Ioan, distri'bute or seii reproduire, prêter, ùisûibuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thése sous papa or electronic formats. h forme de microfiche/fïim, de reproduction sur papier ou sm fomt électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qyi protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantieIs may be printed or othexwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the anthor's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation, In modem democracies, the media is a site of sluggle for different political actors and movements vying for power. The media is the crucial missing link that political movements need to mobilize public opinion, build coalitions, and attach significance to political issues. When the 1998 Senate election was calleci in Alberta, it was immediately dismisseci in the media as an event lacking legitimacy. The questions in the media surounding the legitimacy of this election resemble the questions and assumptions that undermine most western reform movements, and various other social and political movements. Most research dealing with the relationship between oppositional movements and the media deals with ieft-wing social movements. This thesis addresses the media representation of a challenge to the system of representation staged by political actors from the right of the political spectrum. It is the task of this thesis ta explore the relationship between the media and Senate reform advocates during the 4998 Senate election in order to better understand the means by which the media represents western challenges to the institutional status quo. In order to explore this issue, I conducted intensive interviews with Senate election participants, and used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse national and Alberta media coverage. This work is crucial to understanding the constnicb'on of political legitimacy in the media, as well as the extent to which media representations are factors in the success of political movements. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis has taken way too long tu complete, but it wauld not have kenpossible without the help and support of my family and friends. 1 am especially grateful for the feedback and commentary of Mavis Jones and Pablo Bose, my 'tag team advisors", who also provided me with invaluable encouragement and moral support during the writing process. I would also Iike to thank Madalena Santos and Angela Blodgett for their friendship and support. Finally, Iwould like to thank David Taras for continuing on as my advisor long affer mis thesis was a lost cause. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Approval page.................................................................................................. ii... Abstract........................................................................................................... 111 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... iv Table of Contents................... .. ...................................................................... v List of Tables.................................................................................................... vii CHAPTER1:INTRODUCTION.......................... .. ..................................... 1 Methodology ........................................................................................... 7 Overview of Thesis.......................... ........ .............................................. 8 Endnotes..................... ... ... ..... ......................................................... 10 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE RNIEW................................................................ Hegemony, Political Coalitions and Movements....................................... Theones of Social and Political Movements............................................. Agenda-setting ........................... .... .......................................................... Theories of News Production.................................................................. The Practice of Objectivity and News Production..................................... Organizational Practices............ .... .................................................... News Values and News Frames.................... ... ......... ... ............. Endnotes................................................................................................. CHAPTER 3: "THE UNBEARABLE LlGHTNESS OF WESTERN BEING" .......... Western Alienation................................................................................... Content ..................................................................................................... Economic Grievances................................................................................ Political Grievances.................................................................................. 'French Power in Ottawa" ......................................................................... Vehicles for Western Aienation................................................................ Visions. for. Institutional Refom............................................................... Constitutional Discussions................ .. ................................................... The Meech Lake Accord....................................................................... The 1998 Senate Election......................................................................... The Charlottetown Accord ........................................................................ Conclusion................ .... ............................................................................ Endnotes ................................................................................................ CHAPTER 4:WHAT DO THOSE FARMERS WANT NOW?" ............................. 66 The Advocates ......................................................................................... 68 The Reform Party ..................................................................................... 68 The Campaign......................................................................................... 70 Ted Morton........................................................................................ 76 Bert Brown.............................................................................................. The Canada West Foundation................................................................. The Rutherford Show.............................................................................. The Federal Liberal Party......................................................................... Conclusion............................................................................................. Endnotes................................................................................................. .+ CHAPTER 5: THE NON-STORY ABOUT THE NON-ELECTION........................ Part 1: Content Anaiysis ............................................................................a Genre....................................................................................................... Location of the Artides.............................................................................. Topic ........................................................................................................ Sourœs.............................................. .... ............................................ Defining Sources ...................................................................................... Responding Sources................................................................................ Frarne ..................................................................................................... Tone ........................................................................................................ Part 2: Qualitative Analysis...................................................................... Conclusion.............................................................................................. Appendix of Articles ................................................................................ Endnotes................................................. .... ........................................ CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION............................................................................... 130 Methodoiogical Limitations.......... ... .................................................... 138 Future Directions................................................................................... 140 The Dead End of Senate Reform?............................................................ 140 Endnotes................................................................................................
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