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Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of

1986

Eimeria halleri sp. n. (: Eimeriidae) from the Round Stingray, Urolophus halleri (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae)

Steve Upton @ksu.edu

John Bristol [email protected]

Scott Lyell Gardner University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected]

Donald Duszynski University of New Mexico, @unm.edu

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Upton, Steve; Bristol, John; Gardner, Scott Lyell; and Duszynski, Donald, "Eimeria halleri sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Round Stingray, Urolophus halleri (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae)" (1986). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 67. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/67

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Proc. Helminthol. Soc. Wash. 53(1), 1986, pp. 110-112

Eimeria halleri sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Round Stingray, Urolophus halleri (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae)

STEVE J. UPTON,! JOHN R. BRISTOL,l SCOTT LYELL GARDNER,2 AND DONALD W. DUSZYNSKl2

I Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at EI Paso, EI Paso, Texas 79968 and 2 Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131

ABSTRACT: Eimeria halleri sp. n. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) is described from the rectal contents ofthe round stingray, Urolophus halleri Cooper (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae) from Puerto Penasco, Mexico. Oocysts are spherical or subspherical, 16.9 x 16.8 (15.0-18.0 x 15.0-18.0) /Lm, with a smooth, thin wall. Micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst residuum are absent. Sporocysts are ovoid, 11.1 x 6.8 (10.0-13.0 x 6.0-7.5) /Lm and possess Stieda and substieda bodies. Sporozoites are comma-shaped, 9.9 x 3.2 (9.0-11.0 x 2.8-4.0) /Lm and contain an ovoid posterior and a spherical anterior refractile body. The sporocyst residuum consists either of numerous finely granular particles scattered among the sporozoites or as a spherical mass.

During a survey ofmarine fish for parasites at stingray were divided into four equal portions and each Puerto Penasco, Mexico, we noted many round portion placed within one of the following solutions: stingrays, Urolophus halleri Cooper, to be pass­ 1) 2.5% (w/v) potassium dichromate (K2 Cr2 0 7 ) in tap (w/v) ing unsporulated coccidian oocysts in the feces. water; 2) 1.0% K 2Cr20 7 in 1: 1 seawater-tap water; 3) 1.0% (v/v) H 2S04 in tap water; or 4) seawater sup­ Further examination ofthese oocysts revealed a plemented with 100 IVlml penicillin G, 100 /Lg/ml previously unknown species ofEimeria. This pa­ streptomycin, and 0.25 /Lg/ml Actidione. Samples were per describes the morphological characteristics stored in screw-top vials at room temperature (-25"C) of this new species of coccidian. for three days, placed in petri dishes at room temper­ ature for five days so that oocysts could sporulate, and Materials and Methods examined by brightfield and Nomarski interference contrast microscopy for parasites. All measurements Both male and female round stingrays, Urolophus were made with a calibrated ocular micrometer and halleri, were collected either with a Hawaiian sling or are reported in micrometers CiLm), with the mean fol­ by seining along the coastline at Puerto Penasco, Mex­ lowed by the range in parentheses. Fifty parasites were ico, in October 1984. Spiral valve contents from each used for each measurement.

rJ-tl~-SW ow

Figures 1-2. Nomarski interference contrast photomicrographs of oocysts of Eimeria halleri sp. n. x 2,000. 1. Sporulated oocyst. Note concave side of sporocyst wall (CC), oocyst wall (OW), refractile body (RB), (SB), sporocyst residuum (SR), substieda body (8SB), and sporocyst wall (8W). 2. Three sporulated oocysts.

110 III

ovoid posterior refractile body 4.0 long x 3.0 wide (3.0-5.0 x 2.0-3.5) and, usually, a spherical anterior refractile body, 2.1 (1.0-3.0). Sporocyst residuum present, consisting of numerous fine granules, -0.2-0.5 in diameter, scattered among the sporozoites or (sometimes) as a compact sphere. TYPE HOST: Urolophus halleri Cooper "round stingray" (Rajiformes: Dasyatidae). TYPE LOCALITY: Puerto Penasco, Mexico. SITE OF INFECTION: Unknown. Oocysts found in feces and contents of spiral valve. SPORULATION: Exogenous. All oocysts re­ covered from the feces and spiral valve were un­ sporulated but became fully sporulated after 5 days in seawater supplemented with 100 IU/ml penicillin, 100 !-tglml streptomycin, and 0.25 !-tgl ml Actidione at - 22°C. PREVALENCE: 7/21 (33%) stringrays. 3 TYPE SPECIMENS: Syntypes (sporulated oocysts 10 IJM in 10% formalin) USNM Helm. CoIl. No. 78490. REMARKS: Only four species of coccidia have Figure 3. Composite line drawing of sporulated oocyst of Eimeria halleri sp. n. been described previously from stingrays: Ei­ meria ottojiroveci Dykovci and Lorn, 1983 from Raja clavata; E. raiarum van den Berghe, 1937 Results from Raja batis; and E. quentini Bou1ard, 1977, Seven of21 (33%) Urolophus halleri were found andE. southwelli Halawani, 1930 from Aetobatis to be passing a previously undescribed species narinari (see Halawani, 1930; van den Berghe, of Eimeria in the feces. Only oocysts placed in 1937; Boulard, 1977; Lorn and Dykovci, 1981; seawater supplemented with antibiotics sporu­ Dykova and Lorn, 1983). Eimeria halleri differs lated. Below is the description of the form that from these species by the following characteris­ we saw. tics: Oocysts and sporocysts ofE. ottojiroveci are smaller, the Stieda and substieda bodies are Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae structurally different, and the sporocyst resid­ Eimeria halleri sp. n. uum is compact and coarse, rather than fine (Figs. 1-3) grained and often dispersed; oocysts ofE. raia­ DESCRIPTION: Oocysts spherical or subspheri­ rum are larger, the sporocysts smaller, and an cal, 16.9 x 16.8 (15.0-18.0 x 15.0-18.0); shape oocyst residuum is present; oocysts ofE. quentini index (length/width) 1.0 (1.0-1.1). Wall smooth, andE. southwelli are larger and far more elongate composed of a single colorless layer < 1.0 thick and an oocyst residuum is sometimes present. (confirmed by crushing oocysts between slide and coverslip). Micropyle, polar granule, and oocyst Acknowledgments residuum absent. Sporocysts ovoid, 11.1 x 6.8 We wish to thank Mr. Kevin D. Roy and Mr. (10.0-13.0 x 6.0-7.5); shape index 1.7 (1.4-2.0). Russell R. Broaddus for aiding in the collection Wall smooth and thin, and appears to be com­ ofmany ofthe stingrays represented in this study. posed ofa single colorless layer. The pointed end ofthe sporocyst is often curved to one side (Figs. Literature Cited 1, 3) and has a thin, knoblike Stieda body; sub­ Berghe, L., van den. 1937. On a new coccidium, Ei­ stieda body present, large and homogenous, - 2.5 meria raiarum, sp. n., with special reference to the wide x 2.0 high. Sporozoites comma-shaped, biology of the oocysts. Parasitology 29:7-11. Boulard, Y. 1977. Description d'Eimeria quentini n. with the anterior end distinctly more pointed sp., parasite intranuc1eaire du peritoine de la raie: than the posterior end, 9.9 x 3.2 (9.0-11.0 x Aetobatis narinari (Chondrichthyens, Myliobati­ 2.8-4.0) in situ. Each sporozoite contains an dae) en Malaisie. Protistologica 13:529-533. 112

Dykovli, I., and J. Lorn. 1983. Fish coccidia: an an­ Lorn, J., and I. Dykovii. 1981. New species of the notated list of described species. Folia Parasito­ genus Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) from ma­ logica (Praha) 30: 193-208. rine fish. Zeitschrift fUr Parasitenkunde 66:207­ Halawani, A. 1930. On a new species ofEimeria (E. 220. southwelli) from Aetobatis narinari. American Journal ofTropical Medicine and Parasitology 24: 1-3.

Obituary Notice MYRON G. RADKE September 26, 1928-July 9, 1985

Obituary Notice LAWRENCE R. PENNER March 29, 1913-June 28, 1985 Elected Member April 18, 1952