Delhi State Action Plan On Climate Change Executive Summary The Delhi’s Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC) has been formulated in accordance with the principles and guidelines of the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). India’s NAPCC released in 2008 outlines its strategy to meet the challenge of climate change. The Government of India through the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has directed each state to identify their Climate Change concerns and prepare an Action Plan to combat the local impacts and devise mitigation strategies, taking advantage of the various Missions of the NAPCC. The strategies thus required to be formulated as a part of the SAPCC are as per the state specific circumstances. The SAPCC of every state is required to formulate and prioritize financeable strategies and actions that can be made operational. On 2 October 2016, India ratified the Paris Agreement. India‘s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets to lower the emissions intensity of GDP by 33% to 35% by 2030 below 2005 levels, to increase the share of non-fossil based power generation capacity to 40% of installed electric power capacity by 2030 (equivalent to 26–30% of generation in 2030), and to create an additional (cumulative) carbon sink of 2.5–3 billion tCO2e through additional forest and tree cover by 2030. According to the IPCC 5th Assessment Report, human influence has been detected in warming of the atmosphere and the ocean, in changes in the global water cycle, in reductions in snow and ice, in global mean sea level rise and in changes in some climate extremes. This evidence for human influence has grown since AR4. It is extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed warming since the mid-20th century. The atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have all increased since 1750 due to human activity. The deep interconnections between the vulnerability of natural and human systems to climate change calls for expeditious coping strategies and response measures. Climate proofing of vulnerable sectors, programmes, natural systems and communities by integrating adaptation and mitigation options into planning processes and interventions are increasingly becoming an integral part of the development/environment lexicon and action worldwide. The climate response strategy of Delhi has key elements such as accelerating inclusive economic growth, promoting sustainable development, and safeguarding ecosystem services. Further, the strategy envisaged should not be viewed as a standalone action; instead it should be integrated into the regular developmental planning process. Similarly, while it is important to pursue both mitigation and adaptation measures, considering the overall socio-economic and ecological contexts and vulnerabilities, it would be of importance to give priority to adaptation options including Disaster Risk Reduction especially for State like Delhi. The Department of Environment of the Government of NCT of Delhi acted as the State Nodal Agency for the preparation of SAPCC. The Delhi SAPCC integrates the action plan of Delhi with the ongoing and proposed developmental programmes in the state, and in tandem with the eight national missions along with the principles and guidelines listed out in the NAPCC. State Steering Committee under the chairmanship of Chief Secretary was constituted. Thereafter, the line departments dealing with the sectors sensitive to climate change constituted the seven sectoral Working Groups (WGs). The working group was represented by members from different relevant sectors/departments who contributed to the sectoral action plans prepared by the working group. These working groups were chaired by Chairman/ Secretary of the respective sector with a 2 Delhi State Action Plan On Climate Change designated nodal officer. In addition to the experts from the concerned department/ministry, the working groups had participation of experts from the Science and Technology, academia, research, NGOs and Civil Societies. The working groups were sensitised with the climate change issues in Delhi. Orientation for approach and methodology to be followed in the preparation of SAPCC was conducted in early March 2011. Deliberation and discussions were made in subsequent months which were used as the guiding principle in formulating the action plan for various sectors. Extensive consultations within the working group members and other concerned stake holders were carried out from 2011 to 2018. Actions, budget and period of implementation of the proposed actions across the sectors based on the above deliberations were included in to the Delhi’s SAPCC. Draft report was further circulated to the stakeholders for comments. Beginning with the brief background, Chapter 1 provides with the information about the SAPCC background, its objective and information on development issues and priorities. This chapter also details out the rationale and need of the SAPCC. Chapter 2 deals with the approach and methodology being followed for preparation of the SAPCC. The step wise process is described in detail. The SAPCC preparation process is described in detail. A schematic flow of institutional framework is also presented along with the sectoral working groups formation and details of concerned departments & agencies engaged throughout the preparation of SAPCC. An internal feedback loop for ‘validation and refinement’ has been included to enhance the robustness of the process, which is further enhanced by actively involving local stakeholders in a multi-stakeholders consultation process using and by using a variety of tools. Chapter 3 provides an introduction and profile to Delhi. It gives information on its geographical location, population growth trends, land use pattern, climate, connectivity, economic growth and other socio economic profile of Delhi. Chapter 4 details out the Observed Climate trends and Climate Projections in Delhi. It also presents the projections of future temperature and rainfall which are identified using IMD gridded rainfall and temperature data for the period 1951-2010 and 1969-2005 respectively and simulations of global model NCAR_CCSM3 and regional model RegCM4.3. Chapter 5 presents the activities and initiatives of the various departments of Government of NCT of Delhi with respect to NAPCC missions. This chapter also includes information on past and recently concluded activities undertaken by the local administration to deal with the issues of climate change. Chapter 6 presents the Energy profile of the Delhi state. It covers the sectoral energy consumption patterns, fossil fuel consumption, CNG consumption, Industrial fuel, Energy consumption in governments owned operation, Sewerage pumping & treatment and street lighting. Chapter 7 presents the energy demand Forecast and associated expected GHG Emissions for Delhi. It also covers macro-economic Indicators & their Projections, estimated Growth Rates of Different Sectors, primary energy consumption forecast under Different Scenarios. Chapter 8 presents the Delhi GHG Emissions profile for the year 2014. It provides all the Energy intensive sectors energy consumption and related greenhouse gas emissions along with the carbon sink potential as per the international recognized accounting protocol. 3 Delhi State Action Plan On Climate Change Chapter 9 to 14, 16, 17 presents the comprehensive existing situation and proposed actions for including existing issues and challenges for Energy & Power Sector; Water resource; Forest and Biodiversity; Health; Transportation; Urban Planning; Agriculture and Horticulture; and Strategic Knowledge on Climate Change. It list the institutions Involved in respective sectors and their existing policies, programmes and projects. And then it presents the proposed sectoral strategies and actions to address Climate Change along with the budgetary provisions. Chapter 15 presents the vulnerability assessment results including fragile sectors, climate change impacts, and vulnerable groups. It details the level of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity of six sectors that are currently fragile and expected to be vulnerable to the impacts of climate change were identified for the state of Delhi, including: (a) Health, (b)Energy, (c)Water Resources, (d)Urban Planning (infrastructure, waste management and land use), (e)Transport, and (f)Agriculture, Forest & Biodiversity. In the end, it includes multiple fragile sectors targeted Policy and Infrastructure oriented actions and measures. Chapter 18 presents the schematic flow and design of Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) System and Implementation of the SAPCC plan. It also includes the details of all the identified and prioritized sectors budgetary provisions. Monitoring and evaluation framework is to measure and assess performance of the identified key strategies. It is proposed to select Research Institutions and universities and train on methods and approaches on monitoring mitigation and adaptation projections. Line departments have their inbuilt monitoring mechanism which may take care of monitoring and evaluation once trained. M&E would enable appropriate short-term and mid-term changes to the identified adaptation and mitigation strategies, correcting past mistakes and improving practices. Monitoring indicators, in the nature of output or outcome, have been selected and listed for each of the interventions, in the SAPCC. Monitoring frequency